merchant ship which was lying at anchor, struck
His time is indicated by several allusions in his her pursuer in the centre, and sank her.
His time is indicated by several allusions in his her pursuer in the centre, and sank her.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
v.
72 ; Paus.
vi.
appears to have lived (Fabric.
Bibl.
Gracc.
vol.
ii.
8. )
(E. E. ] p. 325 ; Welcker, die Griech. Tragöd. pp. 1046-
TIMA'SIUS, FL. , a distinguished general in 1048 ; Kayser, Hisl. Crit. Trag. Graec. p. 327 ;
the reign of Theodosius I. He was appointed Wagner, Frug. Trag. Gracc. pp. 144, 145, in
commander of the cavalry in A. D. 386, and of the Didot's Bibliotheca. )
[P. S. )
infantry in 388, and he was made consul along TIME'SIUS. [TIMESIAS. )
with Promotus in 389. In 391 Timasius served TIMO (Touc), one of the inferior priestesses in
under Theodosius in his campaign against the bar- the temple of Demeter at Paros, offered to betray
barians in Macedonia, and in 394 he was made Paros to Miltiades. (Herod. vi. 134. ) [Mil-
commander of the Roman troops in the war against TIADES. )
Eugenius. After the death of Theodosius and the TIMO'CHARES, was the author of a work on
accession of Arcadius, Eutropius, who had un- Antiochus, which is cited by Euscbius (Praep. Ev.
bounded influence over the latier, resolved to ruin ix. 35, p. 265). Another writer of the same name
all persons of influence in the reign of the late is mentioned by the Scholiast on Aratus (Phaen.
emperor. Timasius was one of his first victims. 269).
He was accused of aspiring to the empire, and TIMO'CHARES, physician. [Nicias, No. 1.
banished to the Oasis in Africa in 396. (Zosim. iv. p.
1188. )
45, 57, v. 8, 9; Sozomen, viii. 7 ; Suidas, s. v. ; TIMO'CHARIS (Trubxapıs), a statuary of
Tillemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. v. , and the Eleuthernae, in Crete, whose name occurs in an
authorities there quoted. )
inscription, found at Astypalaea, as the maker of
TIMEÄSIAS (Tlumoias) or TIME'SIUS (Tc- a statue dedicated to Asclepius, by a certain Archi-
utioios, Herod. ), of Clazomenae, was the first menidus, the son of Arithmius. The style of the
founder of the colony of Abdera in Thrace. He is letters of the inscription is that of the period of the
praised both by Plutarch and Aelian as a wise and Roman dominion in Greece. (Böckh, Corp. In-
virtuous man. Eusebius places his colony in the scrip. Addend. vol. ii. p. 1098, No. 2491, b. ; R.
31st 01. , B. C. 656. Timesias was expelled by the Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 445, 446,
Thracians, but he was afterwards worshipped as a 2d ed. ) His name also occurs in one of the in-
hero at Abdera by the Teians, who at a later time scriptions found by Ross, at Lindos in Rhodes, as
founded a second colony in that place. (Herod. i. the maker of a statue of Nicasidamus, priest of
168; Plut. Reip. ger. Praccepta, p. 812, a ; Aelian. Athena Lindia (Rhcin. Mus. 1846, vol. iv. p. 169),
V, H. xii. 9. )
and again in another Rhodian inscription, also dis-
TIME'SICLES. [Misitheus. ]
covered by Ross, as the maker of a dedicatory
TIMESI'THEUS (Taunoideos), a tragic poet, statue of a certain Xenophantus. (Ross, Hellenika,
mentioned only by Suidas (s. v. ) who gives us the pt. ii. p. 108. )
[P. S. )
following titles of his plays:-Δαναΐδες β', “Εκτορος TIMOCLÉIA (TIMókleia), a woman of Thebes,
λύτρα, Ηρακλής, Iξίων, Καπανεύς, Μέμνων, at the capture of which by Alexander the Great,
Μνηστήρες, Ζηνός γοναί, Ελένης απαίτησις, in B. c. 335, her house was broken into and pil-
Ορέστης [και] Πυλάδης, Κάστωρ και Πολυδεύκης. | laged by a body of Thracians in the Macedonian
In the last title but one, the kal, which is not in the service. She was herself violated by their com-
text of Suidas, should evidently be inserted, for it mander, who then asked her whether she had not
cannot be supposed that 'Opéoths and Muráðns gold or silver concealed somewhere. Answering
were two distinct plays, any more than Kártwp in the affirmative, she led him to a well in her
and Moavõeúrns. Meineke proposes to unite also garden, where she pretended to have thrown her
two of the other titles, so as to make 'Elévns chief treasures when the city was taken, and,
uynotñpes a single play (Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. while he was stooping to look, she pushed him in,
p. 391), but Welcker judiciously observes that and killed him. Hereupon she was brought by
the fivnotipes may refer to the suitors of Penelope the Thracians before Alexander, and exhibited so
quite as probably as to those of Helen, and that, high a spirit and so noble a bearing in the inter-
in either case, the title is quite sufficient as it view, that the king ordered her to be set at liberty
stands, without robbing another play in order to with her children. (Plut. Alex. 12. ) [E. E. ]
improve it. Welcker has also remarked, and pro- TIMOCLES (Tipokañs). 1. A tragic poet of
bably with as much truth as ingenuity, that some uncertain date, who is distinguished from the comic
of the above titles seem to be those of satyric poet (No. 2) by Athenaeus (ix. p. 407, b. ) in the
dramas ; for the Ζηνός γοναι cannot possibly be a following words, Τιμοκλής και της κωμωδίας ποιητής,
tragedy, and 'Hpakañs, standing alone, without niv dè kai Tpaywolas, which Schweighäuser has un-
any epithet, indicates a satyric drama rather than accountably misunderstood, as if they implied the
a tragedy , and moreover, the Znvos govai and identity of the comic and the tragic poet, whereas
the 'Enévns åtaltnous both stand out of the al- they mean “ Timocles the comic poet, but there
phabetical order. The same scholar shows that was also a tragic" (poet of the same name). There
there is reason to think that the Aavaiôes was not is, however, no other mention of this poet ; for,
founded on the corresponding play of Aeschylus, although a quotation from Sophocles in Plutarch
but contained a different version of the story, which (Timol. 36) is ascribed by some MSS. to Timocles,
had already been adopted by Archilochus, and it is so evident that the latter reading may have
pears to bare
dhe fourth ce
at the beginn
temporary w
with Menand
is also an alla
a fragment
Inese statem
ferred to the
154) reckoni
(τοις νεωτέρα
period down
latest of the
Xerarchus a:
Suidas, w"
error of makii
Timocles, in
dramas, ont
Fork are also
Suidas, and a
sources. The
stands thus :
pert
i
Aſ nos or
ζουσαι, Διόνυο
ρίκακος, “Ηρα
ρος και Δεξαμε
Kézips, 'Opco
τικός, Πορφύ
Xenarchus), I
Φιλοδικαστής,
intolre impor
Cassed by Me
pp. 503, 504
428-433
Minor, pp. 79
3. Di Syrac
pretended wor
which was als
(Suid. s. . '
VOL. I.
## p. 1137 (#1153) ##########################################
TIMOCLES.
1137
TIMOCREON.
:
arisen, according to a frequent and well-known more is known of him. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. vol i.
error of transcription, out of a confusion with the p. 158 ; Meineke, vol. i. pp. 430, 431. )
word Two cortos just before, that the balance of 4. There is also an almost unintelligible passage
probability is in favour of the common reading, in Photius (Epist. 55, p. 111), about a certain
and accordingly the passage is placed by Dindorf | mendacious writer of the name of Timocles.
and Ahrens among the fragments of Sophocles (Meineke, l. c. )
[P. S. )
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 325 ; Welcker, die TIMOCLES, artist. (TIMARCHIDES).
Griech. Tragöd. p. 1100; Meineke, llist. Crit. Com. TIMO'CRATES (Truukpátons). 1. A Lacedae-
Graec. p. 430 ; Wagner, Frag. Com. Gracc. p. 146, monian, was one of the three counsellors (Brasidag
in Didot's Bibliotheca).
and Lycophron being his colleagues) who were
2. A distinguished Athenian comic poct of the sent to assist Cnemus after his first defeat by
Middle Comedy, who lived at a period when the Phormion in the Corinthian gulf, in R. C. 429. In
revival of political energy, in consequence of the the second battle there shortly nfter, Tímocrntes
encroachments of Philip, restored to the Middle was on board of a Leucadian galley, which was
Comedy much of the vigour and real aim of the one of the twenty fast-sailing ships appointed to
Old, is conspicuous for the freedom with which he prevent the Athenians from escaping to Naupactus.
discussed public men and measures, as well as for This vessel, in the pursuit, far outstripped the rest
the number of his dramas, and the purity of his of the squadron, and the hindmost Athenian galley,
style, in which scarcely any departures from the closely chased by it, wheeled suddenly round a
best standards of Attic diction can be detected.
merchant ship which was lying at anchor, struck
His time is indicated by several allusions in his her pursuer in the centre, and sank her. Timocrates
playg, especially to the Attic orators and statesmen. hereupon slew himself, and his body was washed
Like Antiphanes, he made sarcastic allusions to the into the harbour of Naupactus (Thuc. ii. 85–92).
vehement spirit and rhetorical boldness of Deno- 2. An Athenian, was one of the commissioners
sthenes, whom he also attacked, with Hyperides, for concluding the fifty years' truce between Athens
and the other orators who had received money and Sparta, in B. C. 421, and also the separate
from Harpalus. (Pseudo-Plut. Pil. X. Orat. p. 845, treaty between these states in the same year.
.
b. ; Timoc. Hcrois, ap. Ath. vi. p. 224, a. , Delus (Thuc. v. 19, 24. ) We may perhaps identify him
or Delius, ap. Ath. viii. p. 341, e. ; Clinton, F. H. with the father of the Athenian coninander, Aris-
s. aa. 343, 336, 324, where, as well as in Meineke, toteles. (Thuc. iii. 105. )
other such personal allusions are mentioned. ) 3. (Unless he is to be identified with No. 2. )
Hence the period during which he flourished ap. An Athenian, who, in & c. 406, was a member of
pears to have extended from about the middle of the Council of Five Hundred, before which the
the fourth century B. C. till after B. C. 324, so that generals who had conquered at Arginusae gave in
at the beginning of his career he was in part con- their account. Having heard it, Timocrates made
temporary with Antiphanes, and at the end of it, and carried a proposal that they should all be kept
with Menander. (Comp. Ath. vii. p. 245, c. ) There in custody and handed over to the judgment of the
is also an allusion to one of his plays, the Icarii, people (Xen. Hcll. i. 7. $ 3. )
in a fragment of Alexis (Ath. iii. p. 120, a). From 4. A Rhodian, who was sent into Greece by the
these statements it is clear that he is rightly re- satrap Tithraustes in B. C. 395, taking with him
ferred to the Middle Comedy, although Pollux (x. fifty talents wherewith to bribe the leading men in
154) reckons him among the poets of the New the several states to excite a war against Sparta at
(Tois vewt épous), perhaps on account of the late home, and so to compel the return of Agesilaus
period down to which he flourished. He is the from his victorious career in Asia. Plutarch calls
latest of the poets of the Middle Comedy, excepting him Hermocrates (Xen. Hell. iii. 5. $ 1; Paus. iii.
Xenarchus and Theophilus.
9; Plut. Artax. 20. )
Suidas, who has here fallen into his frequent 5. A Lacedaemonian, was one of the ambassadors
error of making two persons out of one, assigns to who were sent to Athens in B. C. 369, to settle the
Timocles, in his two articles upon him, nineteen terms of alliance between the Athenians and the
dramas, on the authority of Athenaeus, in whose Spartans (Xen. IId. vii. S 13. ) (CEPHISODOTUS,
work are also found some titles not mentioned by No. 2. ]
Suidas, and a few more are gathered from other 6. A Syracnsan, who commanded a squadron of
The list, when completed and corrected, twelve galleys, sent by Dionysius the Younger to
stands thus : — Algúnt101, Balavelov, Aaktúdios, the aid of Sparta in B. C. 366. The arrival of this
Δήλος or perhaps Δήλιος, Δημοσάτυροι, Διονυσιά- force enabled the Spartans to reduce Sellasia,
ζουσαι, Διόνυσος, Δρακόντιον, Επιστολαί, Επιχαι- | which had revolted from them. (Χen. Hall. vii. 4.
ρέκακος, “Ηρωες, Ικάριοι σάτυροι, Καύνιοι, Κένταυ- 8 12. )
ρος ή Δεξαμενός, Κονίσαλος, Λήθη, Μαραθώνιοι, 7. An Athenian, the proposer of a law providing
Νέαιρα, Ορεσταυτoκλείδης, Πολυπράγμων, Πον- | that a public debtor should be exempt from impri-
τικός, Πορφύρα (but perhaps this belongs to sonment on his giving security for payment within
Xenarchus), rúktns, Sandú, čuvépidou (doubtful), a certain time. For this, Timocrates was prosecuted
Plodiraoths, Yevdolmoral. Some of these titles by Diodorus and Fuctemon, and for them Demo-
involve important questions, which are fully dissthenes wrote the oration (Kard Tipokpátous),
cussed by Meineke. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. ii. which was delivered by Diodorus in B. C. 353
pp. 503, 504 ; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. (ANDROTION ; MELANOPUS. ] It is a question
pp. 428-433, vol. iii. pp. 590—613 ; Editio whether this Timocrates should be identified with
Minor, pp. 798—811. )
a person of the same name, who was the first
3. Of Syracuse, a supposed author of one of the husband of the sister of Onetor, and who surren-
pretended works of Orpheus, namely, the Ewinpia, dered her to Aphobus. (Dem. c. Onet. i. pp. 865,
which was also ascribed to Persinus of Miletus &c. )
[E. E. )
(Suid. s. v. 'Oppeus ; Eudoc. p. 318). Nothing i TIMO'CREON (Torpéwv), of Rhodes, a lyric
sources,
VOL. IUI.
4 D
## p. 1138 (#1154) ##########################################
1138
TIMOCREON.
TIMOCRITUS.
whom se ko
145, with Di
TIMOLA
rinthian, wbo
laiter was se
dret as man
the side of
hind bin soon
of the states
speech of his
pien. (Xen. I
9. $ 8. )
2. A Tbeba
(de Cor.
thentry, beca
Polybius (XY
TIMOLA
Dobia, the be
Peiho gires !
tyrants (Arh
class with a
displayed ents
literature. (
Comp. HERE
pnet, celebrated for the bitter and pugnacious spirit | Suidno ; and the Greek Anthology contains an
of his works, and especially for his attacks on epigram by Timocreon (Anth. Pal. xiii. 31),
Themistocles and Simonides. From fragments of
Κητα με προσήλθε φλυαρία ουκ εθέλοντα.
his poetry, which are preserved by Plutarch (The-
Ουκ εθέλοντά με προσήλθε Κητα φλυαρία,
mist. 21), it appears that he was a native of
Ialysus in Rhodes, whence he was banished on the which is evidently a parody on the following epi-
then common charge of an inclination towards Persia
(undiouós); and in this banishment he was left fram of Simonides (Anth Pal. xiii. 30),
neglected by Themistocles, who had formerly been Μουσά μοι 'Αλκμήνης καλλισφύρου υιον άειδε
his friend, and his connection by the ties of hog- νιον 'Αλκμήνης άειδε Μουσά μοι καλλισφύρου.
pitality. According to Plutarch, the influence of
Themistocles was positively employed to procure
the
The attacks of Timocreon on his contemporaries
banishment of Timocreon: but from the words of have led Suidas, or the writer whom he follows,
into the erroneous statement, that he was a comic
the poet himself, the offence seems to have
amounted only to his neglecting to procure Timo- poet of the Old Comedy, and that he wrote come-
creon's recall from exile, when he obtained that dies against Themistocles and Simonides ; although
favour for other political fugitives
. This distinction in the very same article we have another account
mocreon ascribes to pecuniary corruption ; and, of these attacks, evidently from a better source, in
in another passage quoted by Plutarch (ibid. ) he which the poem against Themistocles is expressly
In another passage of
insinuates that Themistocles was not free from the called lyric (cuperous).
guilt of the same political crime for which he Suidas (s. v. okółlov), he is made an epic poet
himself was suffering. It is to be observed that L&TOTO165); a mistake borrowed from a passage in
Timocreon does not deny the charge brought the Scholia on Aristophanes (Ran. 1302), where,
against him, but he even admits it, unless the however, the error is manifest, as the quotation
made is from a scolion by Timocreon ; and, in
words
another passage of the Scholia (Acharn. 532), where
Ουκ άρα Τιμοκρέων μούνος δς Μήδοισιν όρκια | the same quotation is made, and of which indeed
τέμνει
the former passage seems to be merely a transcript,
Timocreon is rightly designated ueronolós. The
are to be construed hypothetically. According to quotation made in these passages consists of two
the statement of Thrasymachus (ap. Ath. x. p. 416, lines from a scolion on the mischiefs caused by
a. ) he was at one tiine living at the Persian court. riches, in which the poet utters the wish “ that
Plutarch also tells us that after the exile of The blind Plutus had never appeared upon earth, neither
mistocles, Timocreon attacked him still more vio-
upon the sea, nor on the mainland, but had had
lently in an ode, the opening lines of which call on Tartarus and Acheron for his abode. ” We have
the Muse to conſer fame upon this strain through- also some lines, which Hephaestion (p. 71) quotes,
out Greece, as is fitting and just. " Hence it
as an example of the Ionic a Minore Dimeter Ca-
follows that Timocreon was still flourishing after talectic or Timocreontic metre, from the commence-
B. C. 471.
ment of what appears to have been a Sybaritio
The three fragments thus referred to by Plu- apologue, namely
tarch constitute the greater part of the extant re-
mains of Timocreon; and hence it may be con-
Σικελος κομψός ανήρ
jectured that poetry was not the business of his
ποτί ταν μητέρ' έφα,
life, but only the accidental form in which he which are also referred to by Plato (Gorg. p. 493,
uttered the violent emotions which political mis- a. ), where we have an indication of the popularity
fortunes and personal wrongs would naturally ex-
of Timocreon's poems at Athens, although later
cite in a man of great vigour of mind as well as
body. For that such was his constitution of body sitions (Aristeid. vol. ii. p. 380, undè Truokpéovtos
writers condemned the moral spirit of his compo-
appears from the fact that he was an athlete, in Toll Oxetaíou a pâyua towuer), and the sober judg-
that combination of the contests which required the
ment of modern criticism is that he gave proofs of a
greatest strength, namely the pentathlon (Ath. x.
p. 415, f. ). Thrasymachus (L. c.
8. )
(E. E. ] p. 325 ; Welcker, die Griech. Tragöd. pp. 1046-
TIMA'SIUS, FL. , a distinguished general in 1048 ; Kayser, Hisl. Crit. Trag. Graec. p. 327 ;
the reign of Theodosius I. He was appointed Wagner, Frug. Trag. Gracc. pp. 144, 145, in
commander of the cavalry in A. D. 386, and of the Didot's Bibliotheca. )
[P. S. )
infantry in 388, and he was made consul along TIME'SIUS. [TIMESIAS. )
with Promotus in 389. In 391 Timasius served TIMO (Touc), one of the inferior priestesses in
under Theodosius in his campaign against the bar- the temple of Demeter at Paros, offered to betray
barians in Macedonia, and in 394 he was made Paros to Miltiades. (Herod. vi. 134. ) [Mil-
commander of the Roman troops in the war against TIADES. )
Eugenius. After the death of Theodosius and the TIMO'CHARES, was the author of a work on
accession of Arcadius, Eutropius, who had un- Antiochus, which is cited by Euscbius (Praep. Ev.
bounded influence over the latier, resolved to ruin ix. 35, p. 265). Another writer of the same name
all persons of influence in the reign of the late is mentioned by the Scholiast on Aratus (Phaen.
emperor. Timasius was one of his first victims. 269).
He was accused of aspiring to the empire, and TIMO'CHARES, physician. [Nicias, No. 1.
banished to the Oasis in Africa in 396. (Zosim. iv. p.
1188. )
45, 57, v. 8, 9; Sozomen, viii. 7 ; Suidas, s. v. ; TIMO'CHARIS (Trubxapıs), a statuary of
Tillemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. v. , and the Eleuthernae, in Crete, whose name occurs in an
authorities there quoted. )
inscription, found at Astypalaea, as the maker of
TIMEÄSIAS (Tlumoias) or TIME'SIUS (Tc- a statue dedicated to Asclepius, by a certain Archi-
utioios, Herod. ), of Clazomenae, was the first menidus, the son of Arithmius. The style of the
founder of the colony of Abdera in Thrace. He is letters of the inscription is that of the period of the
praised both by Plutarch and Aelian as a wise and Roman dominion in Greece. (Böckh, Corp. In-
virtuous man. Eusebius places his colony in the scrip. Addend. vol. ii. p. 1098, No. 2491, b. ; R.
31st 01. , B. C. 656. Timesias was expelled by the Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 445, 446,
Thracians, but he was afterwards worshipped as a 2d ed. ) His name also occurs in one of the in-
hero at Abdera by the Teians, who at a later time scriptions found by Ross, at Lindos in Rhodes, as
founded a second colony in that place. (Herod. i. the maker of a statue of Nicasidamus, priest of
168; Plut. Reip. ger. Praccepta, p. 812, a ; Aelian. Athena Lindia (Rhcin. Mus. 1846, vol. iv. p. 169),
V, H. xii. 9. )
and again in another Rhodian inscription, also dis-
TIME'SICLES. [Misitheus. ]
covered by Ross, as the maker of a dedicatory
TIMESI'THEUS (Taunoideos), a tragic poet, statue of a certain Xenophantus. (Ross, Hellenika,
mentioned only by Suidas (s. v. ) who gives us the pt. ii. p. 108. )
[P. S. )
following titles of his plays:-Δαναΐδες β', “Εκτορος TIMOCLÉIA (TIMókleia), a woman of Thebes,
λύτρα, Ηρακλής, Iξίων, Καπανεύς, Μέμνων, at the capture of which by Alexander the Great,
Μνηστήρες, Ζηνός γοναί, Ελένης απαίτησις, in B. c. 335, her house was broken into and pil-
Ορέστης [και] Πυλάδης, Κάστωρ και Πολυδεύκης. | laged by a body of Thracians in the Macedonian
In the last title but one, the kal, which is not in the service. She was herself violated by their com-
text of Suidas, should evidently be inserted, for it mander, who then asked her whether she had not
cannot be supposed that 'Opéoths and Muráðns gold or silver concealed somewhere. Answering
were two distinct plays, any more than Kártwp in the affirmative, she led him to a well in her
and Moavõeúrns. Meineke proposes to unite also garden, where she pretended to have thrown her
two of the other titles, so as to make 'Elévns chief treasures when the city was taken, and,
uynotñpes a single play (Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. while he was stooping to look, she pushed him in,
p. 391), but Welcker judiciously observes that and killed him. Hereupon she was brought by
the fivnotipes may refer to the suitors of Penelope the Thracians before Alexander, and exhibited so
quite as probably as to those of Helen, and that, high a spirit and so noble a bearing in the inter-
in either case, the title is quite sufficient as it view, that the king ordered her to be set at liberty
stands, without robbing another play in order to with her children. (Plut. Alex. 12. ) [E. E. ]
improve it. Welcker has also remarked, and pro- TIMOCLES (Tipokañs). 1. A tragic poet of
bably with as much truth as ingenuity, that some uncertain date, who is distinguished from the comic
of the above titles seem to be those of satyric poet (No. 2) by Athenaeus (ix. p. 407, b. ) in the
dramas ; for the Ζηνός γοναι cannot possibly be a following words, Τιμοκλής και της κωμωδίας ποιητής,
tragedy, and 'Hpakañs, standing alone, without niv dè kai Tpaywolas, which Schweighäuser has un-
any epithet, indicates a satyric drama rather than accountably misunderstood, as if they implied the
a tragedy , and moreover, the Znvos govai and identity of the comic and the tragic poet, whereas
the 'Enévns åtaltnous both stand out of the al- they mean “ Timocles the comic poet, but there
phabetical order. The same scholar shows that was also a tragic" (poet of the same name). There
there is reason to think that the Aavaiôes was not is, however, no other mention of this poet ; for,
founded on the corresponding play of Aeschylus, although a quotation from Sophocles in Plutarch
but contained a different version of the story, which (Timol. 36) is ascribed by some MSS. to Timocles,
had already been adopted by Archilochus, and it is so evident that the latter reading may have
pears to bare
dhe fourth ce
at the beginn
temporary w
with Menand
is also an alla
a fragment
Inese statem
ferred to the
154) reckoni
(τοις νεωτέρα
period down
latest of the
Xerarchus a:
Suidas, w"
error of makii
Timocles, in
dramas, ont
Fork are also
Suidas, and a
sources. The
stands thus :
pert
i
Aſ nos or
ζουσαι, Διόνυο
ρίκακος, “Ηρα
ρος και Δεξαμε
Kézips, 'Opco
τικός, Πορφύ
Xenarchus), I
Φιλοδικαστής,
intolre impor
Cassed by Me
pp. 503, 504
428-433
Minor, pp. 79
3. Di Syrac
pretended wor
which was als
(Suid. s. . '
VOL. I.
## p. 1137 (#1153) ##########################################
TIMOCLES.
1137
TIMOCREON.
:
arisen, according to a frequent and well-known more is known of him. (Fabric. Bill. Gracc. vol i.
error of transcription, out of a confusion with the p. 158 ; Meineke, vol. i. pp. 430, 431. )
word Two cortos just before, that the balance of 4. There is also an almost unintelligible passage
probability is in favour of the common reading, in Photius (Epist. 55, p. 111), about a certain
and accordingly the passage is placed by Dindorf | mendacious writer of the name of Timocles.
and Ahrens among the fragments of Sophocles (Meineke, l. c. )
[P. S. )
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. p. 325 ; Welcker, die TIMOCLES, artist. (TIMARCHIDES).
Griech. Tragöd. p. 1100; Meineke, llist. Crit. Com. TIMO'CRATES (Truukpátons). 1. A Lacedae-
Graec. p. 430 ; Wagner, Frag. Com. Gracc. p. 146, monian, was one of the three counsellors (Brasidag
in Didot's Bibliotheca).
and Lycophron being his colleagues) who were
2. A distinguished Athenian comic poct of the sent to assist Cnemus after his first defeat by
Middle Comedy, who lived at a period when the Phormion in the Corinthian gulf, in R. C. 429. In
revival of political energy, in consequence of the the second battle there shortly nfter, Tímocrntes
encroachments of Philip, restored to the Middle was on board of a Leucadian galley, which was
Comedy much of the vigour and real aim of the one of the twenty fast-sailing ships appointed to
Old, is conspicuous for the freedom with which he prevent the Athenians from escaping to Naupactus.
discussed public men and measures, as well as for This vessel, in the pursuit, far outstripped the rest
the number of his dramas, and the purity of his of the squadron, and the hindmost Athenian galley,
style, in which scarcely any departures from the closely chased by it, wheeled suddenly round a
best standards of Attic diction can be detected.
merchant ship which was lying at anchor, struck
His time is indicated by several allusions in his her pursuer in the centre, and sank her. Timocrates
playg, especially to the Attic orators and statesmen. hereupon slew himself, and his body was washed
Like Antiphanes, he made sarcastic allusions to the into the harbour of Naupactus (Thuc. ii. 85–92).
vehement spirit and rhetorical boldness of Deno- 2. An Athenian, was one of the commissioners
sthenes, whom he also attacked, with Hyperides, for concluding the fifty years' truce between Athens
and the other orators who had received money and Sparta, in B. C. 421, and also the separate
from Harpalus. (Pseudo-Plut. Pil. X. Orat. p. 845, treaty between these states in the same year.
.
b. ; Timoc. Hcrois, ap. Ath. vi. p. 224, a. , Delus (Thuc. v. 19, 24. ) We may perhaps identify him
or Delius, ap. Ath. viii. p. 341, e. ; Clinton, F. H. with the father of the Athenian coninander, Aris-
s. aa. 343, 336, 324, where, as well as in Meineke, toteles. (Thuc. iii. 105. )
other such personal allusions are mentioned. ) 3. (Unless he is to be identified with No. 2. )
Hence the period during which he flourished ap. An Athenian, who, in & c. 406, was a member of
pears to have extended from about the middle of the Council of Five Hundred, before which the
the fourth century B. C. till after B. C. 324, so that generals who had conquered at Arginusae gave in
at the beginning of his career he was in part con- their account. Having heard it, Timocrates made
temporary with Antiphanes, and at the end of it, and carried a proposal that they should all be kept
with Menander. (Comp. Ath. vii. p. 245, c. ) There in custody and handed over to the judgment of the
is also an allusion to one of his plays, the Icarii, people (Xen. Hcll. i. 7. $ 3. )
in a fragment of Alexis (Ath. iii. p. 120, a). From 4. A Rhodian, who was sent into Greece by the
these statements it is clear that he is rightly re- satrap Tithraustes in B. C. 395, taking with him
ferred to the Middle Comedy, although Pollux (x. fifty talents wherewith to bribe the leading men in
154) reckons him among the poets of the New the several states to excite a war against Sparta at
(Tois vewt épous), perhaps on account of the late home, and so to compel the return of Agesilaus
period down to which he flourished. He is the from his victorious career in Asia. Plutarch calls
latest of the poets of the Middle Comedy, excepting him Hermocrates (Xen. Hell. iii. 5. $ 1; Paus. iii.
Xenarchus and Theophilus.
9; Plut. Artax. 20. )
Suidas, who has here fallen into his frequent 5. A Lacedaemonian, was one of the ambassadors
error of making two persons out of one, assigns to who were sent to Athens in B. C. 369, to settle the
Timocles, in his two articles upon him, nineteen terms of alliance between the Athenians and the
dramas, on the authority of Athenaeus, in whose Spartans (Xen. IId. vii. S 13. ) (CEPHISODOTUS,
work are also found some titles not mentioned by No. 2. ]
Suidas, and a few more are gathered from other 6. A Syracnsan, who commanded a squadron of
The list, when completed and corrected, twelve galleys, sent by Dionysius the Younger to
stands thus : — Algúnt101, Balavelov, Aaktúdios, the aid of Sparta in B. C. 366. The arrival of this
Δήλος or perhaps Δήλιος, Δημοσάτυροι, Διονυσιά- force enabled the Spartans to reduce Sellasia,
ζουσαι, Διόνυσος, Δρακόντιον, Επιστολαί, Επιχαι- | which had revolted from them. (Χen. Hall. vii. 4.
ρέκακος, “Ηρωες, Ικάριοι σάτυροι, Καύνιοι, Κένταυ- 8 12. )
ρος ή Δεξαμενός, Κονίσαλος, Λήθη, Μαραθώνιοι, 7. An Athenian, the proposer of a law providing
Νέαιρα, Ορεσταυτoκλείδης, Πολυπράγμων, Πον- | that a public debtor should be exempt from impri-
τικός, Πορφύρα (but perhaps this belongs to sonment on his giving security for payment within
Xenarchus), rúktns, Sandú, čuvépidou (doubtful), a certain time. For this, Timocrates was prosecuted
Plodiraoths, Yevdolmoral. Some of these titles by Diodorus and Fuctemon, and for them Demo-
involve important questions, which are fully dissthenes wrote the oration (Kard Tipokpátous),
cussed by Meineke. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. ii. which was delivered by Diodorus in B. C. 353
pp. 503, 504 ; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. vol. i. (ANDROTION ; MELANOPUS. ] It is a question
pp. 428-433, vol. iii. pp. 590—613 ; Editio whether this Timocrates should be identified with
Minor, pp. 798—811. )
a person of the same name, who was the first
3. Of Syracuse, a supposed author of one of the husband of the sister of Onetor, and who surren-
pretended works of Orpheus, namely, the Ewinpia, dered her to Aphobus. (Dem. c. Onet. i. pp. 865,
which was also ascribed to Persinus of Miletus &c. )
[E. E. )
(Suid. s. v. 'Oppeus ; Eudoc. p. 318). Nothing i TIMO'CREON (Torpéwv), of Rhodes, a lyric
sources,
VOL. IUI.
4 D
## p. 1138 (#1154) ##########################################
1138
TIMOCREON.
TIMOCRITUS.
whom se ko
145, with Di
TIMOLA
rinthian, wbo
laiter was se
dret as man
the side of
hind bin soon
of the states
speech of his
pien. (Xen. I
9. $ 8. )
2. A Tbeba
(de Cor.
thentry, beca
Polybius (XY
TIMOLA
Dobia, the be
Peiho gires !
tyrants (Arh
class with a
displayed ents
literature. (
Comp. HERE
pnet, celebrated for the bitter and pugnacious spirit | Suidno ; and the Greek Anthology contains an
of his works, and especially for his attacks on epigram by Timocreon (Anth. Pal. xiii. 31),
Themistocles and Simonides. From fragments of
Κητα με προσήλθε φλυαρία ουκ εθέλοντα.
his poetry, which are preserved by Plutarch (The-
Ουκ εθέλοντά με προσήλθε Κητα φλυαρία,
mist. 21), it appears that he was a native of
Ialysus in Rhodes, whence he was banished on the which is evidently a parody on the following epi-
then common charge of an inclination towards Persia
(undiouós); and in this banishment he was left fram of Simonides (Anth Pal. xiii. 30),
neglected by Themistocles, who had formerly been Μουσά μοι 'Αλκμήνης καλλισφύρου υιον άειδε
his friend, and his connection by the ties of hog- νιον 'Αλκμήνης άειδε Μουσά μοι καλλισφύρου.
pitality. According to Plutarch, the influence of
Themistocles was positively employed to procure
the
The attacks of Timocreon on his contemporaries
banishment of Timocreon: but from the words of have led Suidas, or the writer whom he follows,
into the erroneous statement, that he was a comic
the poet himself, the offence seems to have
amounted only to his neglecting to procure Timo- poet of the Old Comedy, and that he wrote come-
creon's recall from exile, when he obtained that dies against Themistocles and Simonides ; although
favour for other political fugitives
. This distinction in the very same article we have another account
mocreon ascribes to pecuniary corruption ; and, of these attacks, evidently from a better source, in
in another passage quoted by Plutarch (ibid. ) he which the poem against Themistocles is expressly
In another passage of
insinuates that Themistocles was not free from the called lyric (cuperous).
guilt of the same political crime for which he Suidas (s. v. okółlov), he is made an epic poet
himself was suffering. It is to be observed that L&TOTO165); a mistake borrowed from a passage in
Timocreon does not deny the charge brought the Scholia on Aristophanes (Ran. 1302), where,
against him, but he even admits it, unless the however, the error is manifest, as the quotation
made is from a scolion by Timocreon ; and, in
words
another passage of the Scholia (Acharn. 532), where
Ουκ άρα Τιμοκρέων μούνος δς Μήδοισιν όρκια | the same quotation is made, and of which indeed
τέμνει
the former passage seems to be merely a transcript,
Timocreon is rightly designated ueronolós. The
are to be construed hypothetically. According to quotation made in these passages consists of two
the statement of Thrasymachus (ap. Ath. x. p. 416, lines from a scolion on the mischiefs caused by
a. ) he was at one tiine living at the Persian court. riches, in which the poet utters the wish “ that
Plutarch also tells us that after the exile of The blind Plutus had never appeared upon earth, neither
mistocles, Timocreon attacked him still more vio-
upon the sea, nor on the mainland, but had had
lently in an ode, the opening lines of which call on Tartarus and Acheron for his abode. ” We have
the Muse to conſer fame upon this strain through- also some lines, which Hephaestion (p. 71) quotes,
out Greece, as is fitting and just. " Hence it
as an example of the Ionic a Minore Dimeter Ca-
follows that Timocreon was still flourishing after talectic or Timocreontic metre, from the commence-
B. C. 471.
ment of what appears to have been a Sybaritio
The three fragments thus referred to by Plu- apologue, namely
tarch constitute the greater part of the extant re-
mains of Timocreon; and hence it may be con-
Σικελος κομψός ανήρ
jectured that poetry was not the business of his
ποτί ταν μητέρ' έφα,
life, but only the accidental form in which he which are also referred to by Plato (Gorg. p. 493,
uttered the violent emotions which political mis- a. ), where we have an indication of the popularity
fortunes and personal wrongs would naturally ex-
of Timocreon's poems at Athens, although later
cite in a man of great vigour of mind as well as
body. For that such was his constitution of body sitions (Aristeid. vol. ii. p. 380, undè Truokpéovtos
writers condemned the moral spirit of his compo-
appears from the fact that he was an athlete, in Toll Oxetaíou a pâyua towuer), and the sober judg-
that combination of the contests which required the
ment of modern criticism is that he gave proofs of a
greatest strength, namely the pentathlon (Ath. x.
p. 415, f. ). Thrasymachus (L. c.
