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repugnant
Subscribed testimonial
the scripture and law God. Steve WINcurst ER, with the
hands of the Council the same. ”
pointed the king's majesty's authority
the realm Eng declared and com
unto him again, and for the more authentic pro ceeding with him, they should have with them divine and temporal lawyer, which were the bishop London, and master Goodrick.
land, and
mended
preach
godly and christian book and order, and
allowed, accepted, and observed the king's
majesty's true subjects. acknowledge
the king's majesty that now (whose life God
long preserve) my sovereign lord, and
supreme head under Christ me bishop council, and admonished thereof, and having
certain things appointed for me and preach for my declaration, have not done therein ought do, whereby have de served his majesty's displeasure; am right sorry therefore. And the intent may ap pear the world how little repine
his highness's doings, which religion most godly, and the commonwealth most
profitable, affirm followeth :—1. That
the late king most famous memory king Henry the 8th, our late sovereign lord, justly
and good reason and ground hath taken away, and caused suppressed and de faced, monasteries and religious houses, and all conventicles and covents monks, friers, nuns, canons, bonhonts, and other per sons called religious, and that the same being
dissolved, the persons therein bound, and
professed obedience
To these Akt1cles afore specified although
Winchester with his own hand did subscribe,
granting and consenting the supremacy the
king well then being his successors
come; yet because stuck much the lawfully marry, without any dispensation from first point touching his submission, and would
case subscribe the same, but only made his answer the margin (as above noted) was therefore thought good the king, that the master the horse, and master secretary Peter should repair unto him again with the same re quest submission, exhorting him look better
the bishop Rome any other man, with any person whom not prohibited con
upon and case the words seemed too justly abolished the said late king famous
all. For the more surety which denial, was agreed that new book articles should devised, wherewith the said master the horse and master secretary Peter should repair
this realm, and natural subject his majesty, and now this his young and tender age
my full and entire king; and that and other his highness's subjects are bound obey his majesty's proclamations, statutes, laws,
alteration certain rites religion, and was convented before the king's highness's
habit, and other superstitious r it
es
monies, upon that dissolution and order ap
supreme head the Church, are clearly re
leased and acquitted those vows and pro fessions, and their full liberty, though
those unwitty and superstitious vows had never been made. ltem, that any person inay
tract matrimony with, the law Levitical. That the vowing and going pilgrimage images, the bones, reliques any saints, hath been superstitiously used, and cause much wickedness and idolatry, and therefore
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625] STATE TRIALs, 5 Eow. 1551. —for opposing Reformation. [626
memory, and the images and reliques abused one uniform conformity, and occasion have been for great and godly considerations through those old books the contrary. 13. defaced and destroyed. That the counter That bishops, priests, and deacons have feiting St. Nicholas, St. Clement, St. Catha commandment the law God, either rine, and Edmund, children, heretofore vow chastity, abstain continually from brought into the Church, was mere mockery marriage. 14. That canons, constituotion:s, and foolishness, and therefore justly abolished laws positive, and ordinances man, which and taken away. convenient and godly, prohibit forbid marriage any
that the scripture the Old Testament and priest, deacon, justly, and upon
New, that the whole Bible, had Eng grounds and considerations taken away and lish and published read every man, abolished authority parliament. 15. The
and that whosoever doth repel and dehort men Homilies lately commanded and set forth from reading thereof doth evil and damnably. the king's majesty, read the congrega That the said late king, just ground and tion England, are godly and wholesome, and
reason did receive into his hands the authority teach such doctrine ought embraced and disposition chauntries and such livings men. 16. The book set forth the were given for the maintenance private king's majesty, authority parliament, con masses, and did well change divers them taining the form and manner making and
other uses. Also the king's majesty that consecrating archbishops, bishops, priests,
now the advice and consent the par liament, did upon just ground and reason sup
press, abolish, and take away the said chaun tries and such other livings were used and occupied for maintenance private masses,
and masses satisfactory for the souls them that are dead, finding obites, lights other like things: the mass that was wont
be said priests was full abuses, and had very few things Christ's institution, besides the Epistle, Gospel, the Lord's Prayer, and the words the Lord's Supper, the rest for the
more part were invented and devised bishops Rome, and other men the same sort, and therefore justly taken away the statutes
doctrine required necessity for eternal sal vation through faith Jesus Christ, and that nothing taught required necessity
eternal salvation, but that which may concluded and proved the holy Scriptures. 19. That upon good and godly considerations
was and commanded the king's majesty's injunctions, that the paraphrases Erasmus
English should set some convenient place every parish Church this realm,
whereas the parishioners may most commodi ously resort read the same. And be cause these articles aforesaid contain only such matters already published and openly set forth the king's majesty's authority,
the advice his highnesses council, for many
great and godly considerations, and amongst
others for the common tranquillity and unity the realm; his majesty's pleasure, the
and laws this realm; and the Communion which placed instead thereof, very godly,
and agreeable the scriptures. That
most convenient and fit, and according the first institution, that Ciristian men should receive the sacrament the body and blood Christ both the kinds, that bread and
wine. And the mass, wherein only the priest receiveth, and the other but look on,
but the invention man, and the ordinance the bishop Rome's church, not agreeable scripture. 10. That upon good and godly
considerations ordered the said book and order, that the sacrament should not
lifted up, and shewed the people adored, but with godly devotion received,
was first instituted. 11. That well, advice aforesaid, that you the bishop politicly and godly done, that the king's ma Winchester shall not only affirm these articles
jesty act parliament hath commanded with subscription your hand, but also declare images which have stood churches and and profess yourself well contented, willing and chapels, clearly abolished and defaced, ready publish and preach the same such lest hereafter any time they should give oc times and places, and before such audience casion idolatry, abused, many majesty, from time time, shall seem them heretofore have been, with pilgrimages convenient and requisite, upon pain incur and such idolatrous worshipping. 12. And ring such penalties and punishments for not also for that like godly and good considerations, doing the same may his majesty's laws
by the same authority parliament, mass inflicted upon you. These Articles were sent
the the 15th July. The bishop Winchester re ceiving and perusing these Articles, made this abolished and defaced, well for certain Answer again That first touching the Article
books, cowchers, grails, and other books
service Latin, heretofore used, should
superstitions them contained, also
avoid dissention; and that the said service
the church should thorough the whole realm WOL.
submission, would wise consent, affirming had done before, that he had never offended the king's majesty any such
and deacons, godly, and point con trary the wholesome doctrine the Gospel,
and therefore ought received and ap proved the faithful members the Church England, and namely the ministers God's
god
ly
word, and then commended the people. 17. That the orders subdeacon, benet, and colet, and such others were commonly called minores ordines, not necessary the word
God be reckoned the Church, and be
justly left out the said book orders. That the holy Scriptures contain sufficiently
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627] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [62s
estsoons admonish and require you obey his majesty's said commandment, and that you declare yourself, subscription your
the rest of the Articles, he answered, That after
he were past this trial in his first point, and
were at liberty, then it should appear what he
would do in them; it not being, as he said,
reasonable, that he should subscribe them in and within the term three months, whereof prison.
Of this Answer when the king and his coun had intelligence the foresaid master
this point which did, then de
sort as should give him cause thus to submit himself: praying earnestly to be brought unto
his trial; wherein he refused the king's mercy,
and desired nothing but “justice. ” And for hand, both willing and well contented accept,
the horse, secretary Peter, the bishop Lon monition. —Within which time you may yet don, and master Goodrick, who had been with declare your conformity, and shall have paper, him, was agreed that should sent for pen and ink, when you shall call for them before the whole council, and perenptorily ex that purpose, you wilfully forbear and amined once again, whether would stand
nounce unto him the sequestration his bene
fice, and consequently the intimation, case keep both his commonwealth quiet, and
he were not reformed within three months, the day appearance shall appear.
The tenor and words which Sequestration, with the Intimation, followeth
with the In. Winchester.
purge the same evil men (especially mini sters) intendeth proceed against you
incorrigible person and unmeet minister this church, unto the deprivation your said bishoprick. ”—Nevertheless, upon divers good considerations, and specially hope might within his time yet reconciled, wasagreed
allow, preach and teach others the said arti
cles, and all such other thatters
set forth his majesty's authority
be shall supreme
head this church England,
this side
we appoint one month for the first monition, one month for the second monition and warning, and one month for the third and peremptory
fuse declare yourself obedient and conforma ble aforesaid, we intimate unto you that his majesty, who like good governor desireth
The Wards the SEQUESTRAtroN
timation the
Bishop
“For Much the king's majesty our most that the said bishop's house and servants should gracious sovereign lord understandeth, and maintained their present estate, until the
also manifestly known and notorious unto us, time that this Injunction should expire, and
that the clemency and long sufferance his
majesty worketh not you that good effect and humbleness and conformity, that requisite
good subject; and for that your disobediences,
contempts, and other misbehaviours, for the
which you were majesty's authority justly
committed ward, have since your said com
mitting daily more and more increased you,
such sort great slander and offence
thereof risen many parts the realm, Loyson, Dr. Oliver, lawyers, and John Gos whereby also much slander, dissension, trouble,
and unquietness very like more ensue,
our foresaid offences being they openly snown, should pass unpunished we let you
wit, that having special and express commission and commandment from his majesty, well for your contumacies and contempts long continued and yet daily more increasing, also for the exchange the slander and offence
the people, which your said demeanors
are risen, and for that also the church Win against the commission, and requiring also the chester may the mean time provided copies well the articles, his protes
good minister, that may and will see things tation, the actuaries (which were W. Say and done and quietly executed according the Tho. Argall) time and respite was assigned
laws and common orders this realin, and for unto him
answer the said Articles writ
sundry other great and urgent causes, we
these presence sequester the fruits, revenues,
lands, and possessions your bishopric
Winchester, and discern, deem and judge the
same committed the several receipt, dantly convicted depositions and witnesses, collection and custody such person per especially matter induced the lord Paget, sons his majesty shall appoint for that pur and Andrew Beynton, and Mr. Chaleuor, that pose. And because your former disobediences the last appealed from them (reputing and contempts long continued, many them not competent and indifferent judges times doubled, renewed and aggravated, hear and determine his cause) unto the manifestly declare you person without king's royal person: notwithstanding protes
hope recovery and plainly incorrigible; tation always reserving himself the benefit
the matter for the mean time kept secret. After this Sequestration, the said bishop was
convented unto Lambeth before the archbishop Canterbury, and other the king's commis
sioners virtue the king's special letters
sent unto the said commissioners,
abp. Canterbury, Nicholas bp.
Thomas bp. Ely, Henry bp.
cretary Peter, James Hales knight, Dr.
nold, esq. &c. before them, and them examined, whom were objected against him
nineteen special Articles order and form
here following [Here follow the Articles
serted 602.
After these Articles were exhibited unto
him, and wherein
having leave say for himself, used all the cauteles, shifts and re
medies way
the law his most advantage, protesting, recusing and excepting
ing. But day
cavilled and dallied from day answer directly, although was sus
ficiently laboured and persuaded the same sundry callings and acts, and also abun
wit, the
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629] STATE TRLALS, 5 Epw, VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [630
the same, but also have long time, notwithstand such ing many admonitions and commandments given
had unto you the contrary, remained person much grudging, speaking, and repugning against
witnesses his defence, and used many find you notable, open, and contemptuous
appellation and proceeded answering the foresaid Articles, but
crafty and obstinate inanner before been accustomed.
But briefly conclude, such exceptions
used against the witnesses produced against set forth the king's highness authority within him, and himself produced such number this his realm and forasmuch we do also
delays and cavillations, that the end the disobeyer sundry godly and just command
commissioners, seeing his stubbornness, pro ments given unto you our said sovereign
ceeded the Sentence definitive- against him, lord and his authority, divers great and
weighty causes touching and concerning his princely office, and the state and common quietness this realm and forasmuch you have and yet contemptuously refuse re cognise your motorious negligences, and mis behaviours, contempts and disobediences, re maining still, after great number several admonitions, always inore and more indurate,
as hereunder followeth:
Sentence definitive against Stephen Gardiner Bishop Winchester,
“IN the name God, amen. authority commission the high and mighty prince our
most gracious sovereign lord Edward the 6th, the grace God king England, France,
and Ireland, defender the faith, and the incorrigible, and without hope amend Church England, and also Ireland, inent, contrary, both your oath sworn, obe earth the supreme head, the tenor whereof here dience, promise, and also your bounden luty after ensueth Edward the sixth, &c. We allegiance; and for that great slander and
Thomas the sufferance God archbishop offence the people arise many parts Canterbury, primate England, and ÅIe the realm, through your wilful doings, sayings,
the godly reformations abuses religion,
tropolitan, with the right reverend fathers God, Nicholas bishop London, Thomas
bishop Ely, and Henry bishop Lincoln,
justices his common pleas, Griffith Leison proved, nor any other means appeareth, and John Oliver, doctors the civil law, which doth may impair take away the Itich. Goodrick and John Gosnold, esqrs. dele proofs made against you, upon the said matters gates, and judges assigned and appointed, right and other the premises:—Therefore we Thomas fully and lawfully proceeding according the abp. Canterbury, primate England and
form and tenour the said commission, for metropolitan judge delegate aforesaid, having the hearing, examination, debating, and final God before our eyes, with express consent and determination the causes and matters the assent Nicholas bp. London, Thomas bp. said commission mentioned and contained, and Ely, Henry bp. Lincoln, Wm. Peter knt. upon the contents the saiae, and certain sir James Hales knt. Griffeth Leison and John Articles objected office against you Stephen Oliver, doctors the civil law, Rd. Goodrick and bishop Winchester, more plainly and fully John Gosnold, esquires, judges, and colleagues
mentioned and declared the said commis with the matters aforesaid, and with the sion and Articles, which we repute and take counsel divers learned men the laws, here expressed; and after sundry judicial with whom we have conferred and upon the
assemblies, examinations and debatings the premises, judge and determine you Stephen said cause and matters, with incidents, bishop Winchester, deprived and re emergents, and circumstances the same moved from the bishopric Winchester, and
any them belonging, and the same from the rites, authority, emoluments, com also being oft heard, seen, and well modities, and other appurtenances the said understood, and with good and mature exa bishoprick any wise belonging, whatsoever mination and deliberation debated, considered, they be, and these presents we deprive and fully weighed and pondered, observing and remove you from your said bishopric and
such order and other things the laws, all rites and other commoditics aforesaid; and
and preachings, contrary the common order
the realm, and for sundry other great causes the acts, exhibits, your own confession, and
proofs this process more fully appearing vereign lord's two principal secretaries, James considering withal that nothing effectually hath Hales knight, one our said sovereign lord's been your behalf alledged, proposed, and
sir William Peter knight, one our said so
equity, and the said commission ought, needed herein observed, the presence
further pronounce and declare the said bishop ric Winchester, effects and purposes
you Stephen bishop Winchester, pro
ceed the giving our final judgment and we give, pronounce, and declare, these sentence definitive this manner following. — writings. ”
Forasmuch the acts enacted, exhibits, and allegations, proposed, deduced, and alledged,
and sufficient proofs with your own confes sion the causes aforesaid had and made, we
evidently find and perceive that you Stephen
This Sentence definitive being given, the said bishop Winchester, under his former protestations, dissented from the giving and reading thereof, and from the same, unjust, and efficacy effect law; and that the same containeth excessive punishment, and
bishop Winchester have not only trans
gressed the commandments mentioned the for other causes expressed appellation
void this our sentence definitive, which
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631] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [632
aforesaid, he did then and there apud acta, im nediately after the pronouncing of the sentence, by word of mouth appeal to the king's royal
niajesty first, secondly, and thirdly, instantly,
more instantly, most instantly, and asked apos
Upon the accession queen Mary, Gar
diner was restored his Bishopric and made lord chancellor. See the Communication be
tween him and judge Hales No. 46. He concurred that queen's violent measures,
tles, or letters dismissorials to be given and and stimulated her bigotry and persecution.
granted unto him : And also, under protesta He was man learning and good Greek
tion not to recede from the former appellation, scholar, appears the correspondence
asked a copy of the said Sentence: the Judges the pronunciation that language between
declaring that they would first know the king's him and Cheke who was professor Greek
pleasure and counsel therein. Upon the the University Oxford, which Gardiner
reading and giving which Sentence, the pro was chancellor. See also Colonel Mitsord's
imoters willed William Say and Thomas Argall Enquiry into the Principles Harmony Lan make public instrument, and the witnesses guage, sect. 13. IIe died the 12th Nov.
then and there present bear testimony there 1555, aged 72. unto, &c. "
Proceedings against EDMUND BosNER, Bishop opposing the Reformation Religion
A. D. 1547. 1550.
KING Edward the 6th, the first year receive these Injunctions and Homi his reign, Anno 1547, the 1st day Septem ‘lies with this Protestation, that will observe ber, for the order his visitation, directed out ‘them, they not contrary and repugnant certain commissioners, Anthony Cooke, ‘to God's law, and the statutes and ordinances sir John Godsaule, knights, Master John God
saule, Christopher Nevinson, doctors the with
law, and John Madew, doctor divinity. Homilies and Injunctions. ”
Who sitting Paul's Church upon their Com The which Protestation being made man
mission, the day and year aforesaid, there ner and form aforesaid, the said Edinund bishop
being present the same time Edmund bi London instantly desired and required Peter shop London, John Royston, Polydore Vir Lilly, the Register aforesaid, there and then
gill, Peter Van, and others the said cathedral register and enact the same. And the said Church, after the sermon made and the Com commissioners delivering the Injunctions and mission being read, ministered oath unto Homilies master Bellassere archdeacon of
the said bishop London, renounce and Colchester, and Gilbert Bourne archdeacon deny the bishop Rome, with his usurped au London, Essex, and Middlesex, and enjoining thority, and swear obedience unto the king, them most effectuous manner, under pains
Edward VI. Fox's Acts and Monum. 658. ]
-
London,
according the effect and form the statute therein contained, put the same speedy
made the 31st year king Henry also that execution, should present and redress and singular junctions
such things were needful within the said the bishop church be reformed. cording
and also reserving other new In ministered afterward, well
the archdeacons aforesaid, ac they should see cause, &c. did
Whereupon the said Bishop humbly and in continue the said visitation till three of the stantly desired them that might see their clock the same day the afternoon. Commission, only for this purpose and intent At the which hour and place assigned, the (as said) that might the better fulfill and Commissioners being set, and the canons and put execution the things wherein was priests the said church appearing before charged them their Commission. Unto them and being examined upon virtue
whom the Commissioners answering, said, they oath, for their doctrine and conversation
their
would deliberate more upon the matter, and life; first one Joh. Painter, one the canons
they called the other ministers the said the said cathedral church, there and then
church before them, and ministered the like openly confessed, that viciously and car
oath unto them, they did the bishop nally had often the company certain mar before. To whom moreover there and then ried man's wife, whose name denied de
certain Interrogatories and Articles Inquisi clare. In the which crime divers other canous tion were read Peter Lilly the public no and priests the foresaid church confessed tary. Which done, after their oaths taken, the like manner, and could not deny themselves said Commissioners delivered unto the Bishop be culpable.
aforesaid certain Injunctions, well print And after the Commissioners aforesaid had written, and Homilies set forth the king. delivered master Roiston prebendary, and All which things the said bishop received, under the proctor the dean and the chapter the the words this Protestation followeth said cathedral church saint Paul, the king's
the church. ' And immediately added oath, “that never read the said
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933] STATE TRIALs, s Eow. VI. 1550–for opposing
Reformation. [634
njunctions and the Book Homilies, enjoining repair hither with convenient diligence. Thus them see the execution thereof, under pain fare you right, heartily well. From Hampton therein specified, they prorogued their said Court the ioth September, 1547. Your as
visitation until seven the clock the next day
sured loving friends, Thomas Canterbury, Wm. Saint John, John Russel, Tho. Semer, Wm. Paget, Anthony Brown, Wm. Peter, Anthony
following.
By this visitation, above specified,
- appears,
Pro Denny, Edward North. ”
Bonner's Recantation.
put public record; furthermore, thou “Whereas Edmund bishop London, hast note the unchaste life and conversation such time received the king's majesty's in
these Popish notaries and priests Paul's. junctions and homilies my most dread sove Now what followed after this Protestation reign lord the hands his highness's visitors,
the bishop made, remaineth further the sequel did unadvisedly make such protestation, the story declared; wherein first thou now upon better consideration my duty
shalt understand that the said Bishop shortly obedience, and the evil ensample that might after his Protestation, whether for fear, for ensue unto others thereof, appeareth me conscience, repenting himself, went unto the neither reasonable, nor such might well stand king, where submitted himself, and recanting
gentle reader, first how Bonner made
testation after the receiving the king's In junctions, and also how required the same
his former Protestation, craved pardon the
king inordinate demeanour toward grace's commissioners, the former visitation.
with the duty humble subject: forsomuch the same protestation my request was
The King's Letter the Commissioners concern not only declare before your lordships that
then the register that visitation enacted and put record, have thought my duty
ing the Recantation and pardoning Bonner. Which pardon notwithstanding was granted
unto him the king, for the acknowledging
now upon better consideration my duty, renounce and revoke my said protestation, but also most humbly beseech your lordships, that
this my revocation the same may likewise put the same records for perpetual memory
the truth, most humbly beseeching your good lordships, both take order that may take effect, and also that my former and unadvised
his fault, yet for the evil example was thought good that should the Fleet, the tenour
the fact committed the council's
letter sent the commissioners may appear, which
together with the form also the bishops Pro doings may your good mediations par
testation and his Recantation, here under fol loweth
“To our very loving friends, Anthony Cook
knight, and the rest the commissioners for the visitation London haste. After our
hearty commendations: this shall signify
unto you, that have received your letters,
and the same inclosed the copy the protes
tation made the bishop London the
time your visitation Paul's your wise pro
ceedings wherein, and advertisements from
you, we take very thankful part towards us.
And because the said bishop, which being here
before hath acknowledged his indiscreet de Windsor, there argue and intreat upon this meanour, did that time Paul's require the matter, and conclude upon and set forth one Register your visitation make record and and perfect uniform order according the rule
enter his protestation, and now upon better and use aforesaid. —And the mean time
consideration his duty maketh means have the same revoked, shall appear unto you the true copy writing enclosed, the original whereof remaining with hath subscribed; we pray you cause the register make enter this his revocation, according
the tenour this his said writing: further signi fying unto you, that respect his offence, and the evil ensample that might thereupon ensue,
while that the learned were thus occupied about their conferences, the lord protector and
the rest the king's council, further renem bering that that time the year did then ap proach, wherein were practised many super
stitious abuses and blasphemous ceremonies against the glory God, and truth his word, determining the utter abolishing thereof, direct
their letters unto the godly and reverend father Thomas Cranmer, then archbishop Canterbury, and metropolitan England, re quiring him that upon the receipt thereof
we have thought meet the Fleet, whither
send him the prison hath been conveyed
lo.
forthwith give charge unto the curates
And whereassundry
things for the king's maj. 's service now occur should will every province,
master vice-chamberlain.
here, which require the present attendance
you John Godsaul, well for your office the signet, the protonotaryship, we pray
within his
you that leaving the execution the visitation
the rest your colleagues, you make your Sunday.
doned the king's majesty. EDMUND LoN DoN. ”
The Registers these affairs Bonner's re main the hands Peter Lilly, then being
Register
The king being less desirous have the
the foresaid commissioners.
form administration the sacrament truly reduced the right rule the scriptures and first use the primitive church, than was
establish the same the authority his own regal laws, appointed certain the most grave and best learned bishops, and other his realm, assemble together his castle
their dioceses, that neither candles should
any more borne upon Candlemas day, neither yet ashes used Lent, nor palms upon Palm
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635] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner,
[636
Whereupon the archbishops, zealously favour inconvenience. Wherefore they, one ad ing the good and Christianlike purpose of the vice thinking best (of good experience) for king and council, did immediately that avoiding discord and tumult, that behalf write unto the rest the bishops manner images should clean taken out that province, and amongst them unto Edmund churches, and none suffered remain, did Bonner then bishop London. Of whose re thereupon again write their letters unto the bellious and obstinate contumacy for that we
have hereafter more say, thought not
stand now long thereupon, but only the way
somewhat note his former dissimulation and
cloaked hypocrisy, that outwardly the
first consented well unto this, also unto
other the king's proceedings, but whether
for fear for any other subtle fetch know
not, howbeit most like rather, one
them both, than for any true love. And injunctions commanded generally ob therefore receiving the archbishop's Letters, served through parts this his highness's one them seeming allow the contents realm, one was set forth for the taking down thereof, did presently write unto the bishop such images had any time been
Westminster, and others whom was abused with pilgrimages, offerings, censings, appointed, requiring them give such know albeit that this said injunction hath many ledge thereof their dioceses, thereunto parts this realin been quietly obeyed and appertained; more plainly appeareth by executed, yet many other places much strisë these his own Letters here inserted which here and contention hath risen and daily riseth, and do follow
Letter missive Edmund Bonner, sent Bishop Westminster, with the tenor Archiishop's Letter for abolishing dles, Ashes, Palms,
the
the
more and more encreaseth about the same some men being
execution superstitious,
and other Ceremonies.
their good have been most manifestly abused. And
“My very good lord, after most hearty
commendations, these advertise your
good lordship, that lord Canterbury's
grace this present 28th day January, sent unto me his letters missive, containing this
effect, that my lord protector's grace, with the advice other the king's majesty's most honour able council, for certain considerations them moving, are fully resolved that candles shall
some places also the images, which said injunctions were taken down,
the now re every
borne upon Candlemas day, nor also from
henceforth ashes palms used any longer: re time. Considering therefore, that almost
quiring thereupon said letters, place this realm
cause admonition and knowledge thereof where images
given unto your lordship and other bishops pulled down already,
with celerity accordingly. consideration contention every part the realm for this whereof send this present these letters matter, may clearly taken, and that the unto your said lordship, that you thereupon
may give knowledge and advertisement thereof within your diocese appertaineth. Tlos commit your good lordship Almighty God,
lively image Christ should not contend for the dead images, which things not necessary, and without the which the churches of Christ
well fare your good heart can best de
sire. Written haste my house London,
the said 28th day January, 1548. Your the lord protector and the rest the council,
good lordship's command, Edmund Bonner. " Now, about that present time credible and
that immediately upon the sight hereof, with convenient diligence you may, you shall
not only give order that the images remain ing any church chapel within your dio cese, removed and taken away, but also
certain report was made unto the lords
council, that great contention and strife did
daily arise among the common people divers
parts this realm, the pulling down and your letters signify unto the rest the
taking away such images out the churches,
bishops within your province, that his high
ness's pleasure, for the like order given
had been idolatrously abused
offerings, otherwise (according
one the injunctions given
late visitation) some affirming that that image was abused, others that this, and most that neither them both; that speedy remedy were not had therein, might turn further
pilgrimages,
the tenor the king
them and every them within their several dioceses. And the czecution hereof, we re quire both you and the rest the said bishops
archbishop Canterbury, requiring his ready
aid therein;
manner following:
Another Letter Archbishop
the Council sent the Canterbury, for the abolishing
i.
Images.
“AFTER our right hearty commendations
good lordship, where now late the king's majesty's visitations, among other godly
rather wilful, they would
Can will retain such images still, although they
o lave been
stored and set again and almost
contention for images, whether they
abused or not. And while these men both sides contentiously obtain their minds, contending whether this that
image hath been offered unto, kissed, censed, otherwise abused, parts have some places been taken such sort, further inconveni ences like ensue, remedy be not found
any sure quietness, but clean taken away and
continued most godly many years; we have thought good signify unto you, that his high ness's pleasure, with the advice and consent
use such foresight the same may be qui
etly done, with good satisfaction the peo ple may be. Thus fare your good lordship
the intent that
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637] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. -for opposing Reformation. [638
heartily well. From Somerset Place the 11th Now, the time that these things were thus Feb. 1548. Your lordship's assured loving determined, the learned men which the king friends, Edw. Somerset, Henry Arundel, Anti). had appointed assemble together for the true Wingfield, John Russel, Tho. Semer, Wm. and right manner administering the sacra
Paget. ”
When the archbishop had received these
letters, forthwith directed his precept unto Bonner bishop London, requiring, and the king's majesty's name commanding him,
ment the body and blood Christ according the rule the scriptures God, and first usage the primitive Church, after their long,
learned, wise, and deliberate advises, did finally conclude and agree upon one godly and uni form order receiving the same, not much dif fering from the manner this present used and authorized within this realm and Church England, commonly called the Communion. Which agreement being them exhibited unto the king, and him most gladly accepted, was thereupon publicly imprinted, and his ma
that with speed charge unto the rest province Canterbury,
should well give
the bishops within the
look immediately
without delay unto the diligent and careful ex ecution of the contents of the said letter
through places their diocese; also that he himself should do the like within his
own city and diocese London.
Whereupon jesty's council particularly divided and sent
seeming then, with like outward consent before, allow these doings, presently (by
virtue the said precept) did send out his
unto every bishop the realm, requiring and
commanding them their letters the king's majesty's behalf, that both they their own
persons should forthwith have diligent and care respect the due execution thereof, and
also should with diligence cause the books which they then sent them, delivered unto every parson, vicar, and curate within their diocese, that they likewise might well and suf ficiently advise themselves for the better distri
Mandatum well unto the rest also again unto the bishop
form following
the bishops, Westminster,
The Letter of Edmund Bonner sent with the Archbishop's Mandate, the Bishop West minster, for abolishing Images.
EDM UNDUs permissione Divina London. bution the same communion (according Episcopus per illustrissimum Christo prin the tenor the said book) against the feast cipem Dominum nostrum, Dominum Ed Easter then next ensuing, more fully appear wardum sextum, Dei gratia, Angliae, Franciae, eth these their letters here following.
Hybernia Regem, fidei Defensorem,
Council, Bishop, the realin, concerning the Communion
ministered both kinds.
Thomas eadem permissione West. Episc. salu
tem fraternam Domino charitatem. Li unto your lordship, where the parliament late
teras reverendissimi Christo patris Domini holden Westminster, was amongst other D. Tho. permissione divina Cantuar. Archi things most godly established, that according episcopi, totius Angliae Primatis, Metropoli the first institution and use the primitive tani, tenorem literarum missarum clarissimorum
terra Ecclesiae Anglicanae Hybernicae supre Letters missive from the
mum caput, sufficienter legitime authorisatus, Reverendo Christo confratri nostro Domino
prudentissimorum dominorum privatis consiliis dicti illustr. dom. Regis continen. nuper cum qua decuit reverentia humiliter recepimus exeguend. haec verba. Thomas permissione divina Cantuar, &c. ” And then making
precept,
specified,
circa nos Edmund. Episcop. antedictus, literis also faithfully and reverently received his praedictis pro nostro officio obtemperare, uti most loving subjects, their comforts and
decet, summopere cupientes, vestrae fraternitatio wealth) hath caused sundry majesty's most
tam parte dicti excellentissimi Domini grave and well learned prelates, and other
nostri Regis, praefatorum clarissimorum do learned men the scriptures, assemble them
minorum privatis suis consiliis, quam prae selves for this matter: who, after long confe dicti Reverend. Patris Domini Cantuar. Archie rence together, have with deliberate advice
piscopi, tenore praesentium committimus nally agreed upon such order used mandamus, quatenus attentis per vos dili places the king's majesty's dominions
genter consideratis literarum hujusmodi teno the distribution the said most holy sacrament,
full recital well the archbishop's
also the councils letters above
concluded with these words; “Quo able with the word God (so the same may
ribus, eos omnibus per omnia, juxta vim, formam, effectum earundem, cum omni qua Poteris celeritate accommoda, per totam Dioces.
may appear you the book thereof which send herewith unto you. Albeit, knowing
the scriptures, and the setting forth
your lordship's knowledge vestrain West. debité effectualiter exegui earnest good will and zeal
faciatis procuretis. Datum dibus nos things, according
tris London. vicesimo die Febr. anno Dom. well assured, you will your own good will, 1548. regni dicti illustrissimi domini nostris and upon respect your duty, diligently set Regis, Anno secundo. ” forth this most godly order here agreed upon,
AFTER our most hearty commendations
church, the most holy sacrament the body and blood our Saviour Jesus Christ should
distributed the people under the kinds bread and wine, according the effect where the king's majesty minding, with the advice
and consent the lord protector's grace and the rest the council, have the said statute well executed such sort, like agree
the truth thereof, we
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639] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [640
and commanded to be used by the authority of them but many, carelessly contemning all, the king's majesty : yet remeinbering the crafty would still exercise their old wonted popery. practice of the devil, who ceases not by his Whereof the king, and council having
members, to work by ways and means, the good intelligence, and fearing the great incon hinderance godliness; and considering veniences, and dangers that might happen furthermore, that great number the curates through this division, and being there withal
the realm, either for lack knowledge can loth, the first use any great severity to not, for want good mind will not wards subjects, but rather desirous some ready set forth the same, we would wish, quiet and godly order bring them some and the importance the matter and their conformity, did their prudent advices again
own bounden duties requires, we have thought
good pray and require your lordship, and
nevertheless, the king's majesty's our most
dread lord's name, command you have
earnest diligence and careful respect both
your own person, and your officers and sincere and pure Christian religion taught by ministers also, cause these books deli the holy scriptures, also the usages the vered every parson, vicar, and curate within primitive church, draw and make one conve your diocese, with such diligence they may nient and meet order, rite, and fashion com
ave sufficient time well instruct and advise mon prayer, and administration the sacra
themselves, for the distribution the most holy Communion, according the order this
ments, had and used within this his realm England, and the dominions the same.
book, before this Easter time, and that they
may your good means, well directed
use such good, gentle and charitable instruction uniform agreement did conclude, forth,
appoint the archbishop Canterbury, with
certain the best learned and discreet bishops and other learned men, diligently consider and ponder the premises: and thereupon, having well eye and respect unto the most
Who after most godly and learned conferences, through the aid the Holy Ghost, with one
their simple and unlearned parishioners,
may their good satisfactions much may be, praying you consider, that this
order set forth, the intent there should parts the realm, and among men one
and deliver unto the king's highness, book
the church, England. ’ The uniform manner quietly used. The execution which his highness receiving, with great com
whereof, like shall stand very much the fort and quietness mind, did forthwith exhi diligence you and others your vocation; unto the lords and commons the par
we estsoons require you have diligent liament then assembled Westminster, about respect thereunto, tender the king's ma the 4th November, the 2nd year his jesty's pleasure, and will answer the con reign, and the year our Lord 1548, and trary. And thus bid your lordship right continuing unto the 14th day March, then
heartily farewell. From Westminster the 13th next ensuing.
March, 1548. -Your lordship's loving friends, Whereupon, the lords spiritual and temporal,
Tho. Canterbury, Rich, Wm. Saint John, and the commons the said parliament assem John Russell, Hen. Arundel, Anthony Wing bled, well and thoroughly considering, well field, William Peter, Edward North, Edward the most godly travel the king's highness, Wootton. ” the lord protector, and other majesty's
By means well this Letter, and the council, gathering together the said arch
godly order
the learned, also the statute bishop, bishops, and other learned men, the parliament before mentioned, made godly prayers, orders, rites, and ceremonies
o:
and act
for the
mous masses were now just authority fully altering those things which were altered, and abolished throughout this realm England, retaining those things which were retained
and the right use the sacrament the most the same book; also the honour God, precious body and blood our Saviour Jesus and great quietness, which the grace God Christ truly restored instead the same. But should ensue upon that one and uniform rite nevertheless, time any thing can and order such common prayer, rites, and well done the godly, but that the wicked will external ceremonies used throughout Eng
find some means subtilly deface the same: land, Wales, Calice, and the Marches the likewise this present, through the perverse same, did first give unto his highness most obstimacy and dissembling frowardness many lowly and hearty thanks for the same, and then the inferior priests and ministers the cathe most humbly prayed him that might or
dral, and other churches this realm, there did dained, and enacted his majesty with the arise marvellous schism and variety fashions assent the lords and commons that par
celebrating the common service and admi liament assembled, and the authority nistration the sacraments, and other rites the same, that not only and singular per and ceremonies of the church. For some, son and persons that had hithertofore offended zealously allowing the king's proceedings, did concerning the premises others than such gladly follow the order thereof; and others, were then remaining ward the Tower though not willingly admitting them, did yet London, (or the Fleet) might pardoned dissemblingly and patchingly use some part thereof, but also that and singular ministers
English, intitled, ‘A Book
Prayer and administration
and other rites and ceremonies after the use the church
the Common the sacraments,
thereof, private blasphe the said book mentioned, with the consideration
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64]] STATE TRIALs, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. —for opposing Reformation. [612
any cathedral parish churches other imprisonment the space months with places within the realm England, Wales, out bail mainprize, and for his second offence
Calice, and the marches the same, other the king's dominions, should from and after the feast Pentecost next coming, bound
say and use the natins, evensong, celebration
the Lord's Supper, and administration
each the Sacraments, and other common and thereupon the said book cominon prayer and open prayer, such order and form was presently imprinted, and commanded
was mentioned the said book, and none other exercised throughout the whole realm and otherwise. And albeit that they were so, dominions thereof, according the tenor and
godly and good, that they gave occasion unto effect of the said statute.
every hone-t and conformable man most wil Moreover the same session of the said
lingly embrace them yet lest any obstinate parliament was enacted and established persons, who willingly would disturb so-godly the authority thereof; That for much
order and quiet this realm, should un great, horrible, and not rehearsed incon punished, they further requested, that might veniences had from time time risen amongst ordained and enacted the authority afore the priests, ministers, and other officers the
said, that any manner parson, vicar, what clergy, through their compelled chastity, and soever other minister that ought should say such laws prohibited them the godly and sing, coininon prayer, mentioned the said lawful use marriage, that therefore and book, minister the Sacraments, should after every law and laws positive, canons, constitu the said feast Pentecost, then next coming, tions, and ordinances theretofore inade the
refuse use the said common prayer, authority man only, which did prohibit ininister the Sacraments such cathedral forbid narriage any ecclesiastical spiri
parish churches, other places, should tual person persons, what estate, condi use minister the same, such order and tion degree soever they were, what
form they were mentioned, and set forth name names they were called, which
the said book; should use wilfully, and ob God's law, may lawfully marry, and every
any thing therein contained,
any part thereof, and should thereof law fully convicted according the laws this realm verdict twelve men, his own confession, the notorious evidence the fact, should lose and forfeit, unto the king's highness, his heirs and successors, for his first
offence one whole year's profit such one
spiritual promotions,
should please the king's highness assign and appoint; and also for the same offence should
his benefices
imprisonment during his life. Which request, rather actual agreement the lords and commons the parliament, being once under stood the king, was also soon ratified and
confirmed his regal consent and authority,
stinately standing the same, any other rite, ceremony, order, form, manner mass, openly privily, natins, even-song, admi nistration the Sacraments, other open
article, branch and sentence concerning only the prohibition the marriage the persons aforesaid, should utterly void and none
the said laws contained, and the same
did follow, concerning the prohibition the
marriage the said ecclesiastical persons,
should thence! orth also clearly and utterly
void, frustrate and none effect. By occasion
whereof, was thence after right lawful for
any ecclesiastical person, not having the gift
chastity, most godly live the pure and
holy estate matrimony according the laws
and word God. But the first injunctions,
statutes, and decrees the prince were many but slenderly regarded, with much less
prayer than was mentioned, and set forth
should preach, declare, the derogation depraving
the speak
the
effect. And that all manner
pains, penalties, crimes actions which were
said book any thing said book,
good affection were these (especially the book common prayer) divers now received; without bail mainprize. But any such yea, and that some them, which had al
suffer imprisonment the space six inonths
person, after his first conviction, should eftsmons ways before outward shew willingly allowed offend again, and thereof form aforesaid the former doings, appeareth most plainly lawfully convicted, then should for his se (amongst others) Bonner the bishop Lon cond offence suffer imprisonment the space don. Who although, his former letters,
one whole year, and should also de and other mandates, seemed hitherto fa prived, ipso facto, spiritual promotions vour the king's proceedings; yet did
for ever, that should be lawful for the that present (notwithstanding both the first sta patrons and donors thereof give the same tute for the establishing the communion, and
again unto any other learned man, like the abolishing private masses, and also manner the said party offending were this statute the ratifying and confirming dead. And any the said person persons the book common prayer) still suff, sundry should again the third time offend, and idolatrous private unasses peculiar names, thereof form aforesaid lawfully convicted, the apostles mass, the lady's mass, and such
then he should for the same third offence like) daily solemnly sung within certain suffer imprisonment during his life. any peculiar chapels the cathedral church such person persons aforesaid, offending Paul's, cloaking them with the names the had not any benefice spiritual promotion, apostles communion, and our lady's commu that then he should for his first offence suffer nion, not once finding any fault therewith, until
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643] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. -Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [644
such time as the lords of the council, having mendations. So this Wednesday the 26th intelligence thereof, were fain by their letters June, going dinner, received letters from to comunand and charge him to look better the king's council pursuivant, and the same thereunto. And then being there with some send now here with unto you, the intent what pricked forwards (perhaps by fear) he you may peruse them well, and proceed ac
case not pre now resident and sup their absence call the order the cin, as in the tenor of the council's company together the church, and make de
said letters, therewithal sent unto them, did im claration hereof unto them thus committi
port. Both which letters I have, for the more you God, right well fare. Written wit credit, here following inserted. speed this 26th June, one the clock.
A Letter directed from the King's Council to Your loving brother, Ed. London. ”
Edmund Bonner Bishop of London, for abro Over and besides all this, the Lord Protector,
was content to direct his letters unto the dean cordingly; praying you
and chapter of his cathedral church of Paul's, sent, yet those that thereby requesting them forthwith to take such plying the places, may
guting of private Masses, namely, the Apos with the residue the king's privy and learned tles Mass, within the Church of St. Paul, council assembling together the Star-Cham
used under the name of the Apostles Commu ber about the same matter, that for the ad 7tlon. vancement and setting forward the king's
godly proceedings, called before them the “After hearty commendations: having very justices peace, where was uttered unto them credible notice that within that your cathedral the lord Rich, then lord chancellor, elo church there be as yet the apostles mass, and quent and learned admonition, the tenor where
our lady's mass, and other masses of such pecu of ensueth
liar names, under the defence and comination “Ithath been used and accustomed before of our lady's communion, and the apostles com this time, call certain times the justices munion, used in private chapels and other peace before the king's majesty's council, renote places of the same, and not in the chan give unto them admonition warning, dili cel, contrary unto the king's majesty's proceed gently, their duty, look the observing ings, the same being for the misuse displeasing such things committed their charges, to God; for the place Paul's, in example not according the trust which the king's majesty tolerable; for the fondness of the name, a scorn hath them. Howbeit, now this time we to the reverence of the communion of the Lord's call you before us, not only custom, but ra
body and blood: we for the augmentation of God's honour and glory, and the consonance of his majesty's laws, and the avoiding of murmur,
have thought good to will and command you, that from henceforth no such masses in this
ther necessity. For hearing daily, and per ceiving necessity, we do, the great negli gence, and the little heed which taken and given the observing the good and whole some laws and orders this realm, whereupon
manner be in your church any longer used, but much disorder doth daily ensue, and the king's
that the holy blessed communion, according to the act of parliament, be ministered at the high altar of the church, and in no other places of the same, and only at such time as your bigh masses were wont to be used, except some num ber of people desire for their necessary busi ness to have a communion in the morning, and
yet the same to be executed in the chancel at the high altar, as it is appointed in the book of the public service, without cautele or disgresion from the common order. And herein you shall
majesty's proclamations and orders taken
the council, we are advertised, not executed, the people are brought disobedience, and manner majesty's study and ours, set ting good and most godly stay, the honour
God and the quiet the realm, spent vain, and come nothing: the which we
not only satisfy our expectation of your con the fault thereof you which are the justices formity in lawful things, but also avoid the peace every shire, whom we are wont inurmur sundry that therewith justly os direct our writings, and whose trust and fended. And we bid your lordship heartily charge the king's majesty hath committed the farewell. From Richmond, the 24th June,
Ann. 1549. Your loving friends, Edward So merset, Wm. Saint John, Edmund Montague,
execution his proclamations, his acts parliament, and his laws. -We are informed that many you are negligent and slack
Rich, chancellor. Francis Shrewsbury, Wm. herein, that doth appear you look rather.
Cecil. ”
Bonner's Letter the Dean and Chapter Paul's.
“To my right worshipful friends, and most king's majesty hath you, give your diligence
loving good brethren, master Dean Paul's, with all the Canons, Residentaries, Prebenda
ries, Subdeans and Ministers the same, and every them with speed
“Right worshipful, with most hearty com
and care toward the execution of the same most godly statutes and injunctions, there
have great hope and trust not
so, yet much and
eth the keeping the realm
order and stay, must needs impute and lay
should rule but
disobedience, nor disorder, nor evil begun rise any part the realm, should and repressed, kept
were, through your fingers, than diligently
see the execution the said laws and pro clamations. For you would, according your duties, your oath, the trust which the
altogether
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645] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. —for opposing the Reformation. [646
down and reforined. But it is feared, and the diately you represt and punished. —And thing itself giveth occasion thereto, that divers there should chance any lewd light fellows of you do not only not set forth, but rather make any routs riots, unlawful assem hinder, so much as lieth in you, the king's ma blies, any seditious meetings, uproars, up
jesty's proceedings, and are content that there risings any place the seditious and devil should arise soule disobedience, and that men ish motion some privy traitors, that you and
should repine against godly orders forth
his majesty, you slackly look the exe cution the same, that some shires, which further off, may appear that the
they appease them the first, and apprehend the first author and causer thereof, and certify
with speed. The lightness the rude and ignorant people must represt and ordered
your gravity and wisdom. And here you may not, any such thing chance, dissemble with those such lewd men, and hide yourselves, for shall required you such misorder be; and surely without your aid and help, your dissembling, such misorder cannot be. Nor we say that we fear any such thing, that there any such thing likely chance; but we give you warning before, lest should
people have never heard jesty's proclamations,
divers ma they have heard, you
neglect though were never com manded. But you consider and remen
are content wink that one
and
ber your duties first Almighty God, and then the king's majesty, the wealth the whole realm, and the safeguard your ownselves;
you must needs see, that except such orders
the king's majesty hath set and hereafter shall chance. —We have too much experience this appoint, kept, neither can the realm de realm, what inconvenience cometh such fended, the enemy should invade, nor can matters. And though some light persons
peace stand, but upon the contempt good their rage not consider, yet we not doubt and wholesome laws all disorder and inconve but you weigh and know well enough.
niences will come, the people will wild and savage, and no man sure his own. —If any time there was occasion and cause circumspect and diligent about the same, thcre was never more time than now. How we stand
Scotland you know, and that there foreign power maketh great preparation aid then,
And maintained bishop
should chance our enemies, who are other foreign power, and the
Rome, should suddenly arrive
and indeed doth come their aid; whereof we ters, repulse the same good array
are surely informed and certified. Wherefore you can, we not doubt but you will for the
there should not good order and obedi safeguard your country, that the enemy ence kept the realin, the realm were like shall have littlejoy his coming and for utterly destroyed. Never foreign power that purpose you shall see diligently that men could yet hurt, any part prevail this have horse, harness, and other furniture realm, but disobedience and misorder within weapon ready, according the statutes and ourselves. That the way wherewith God good orders the realm, and the king's majes will plague us, mind punish us. And ty's cominandments. And for this time
long we agree among ourselves, and may depart. ”
obedient our prince, and godly orders What zealous care was this young king,
and the Lord Protector his uncle, concern ing Reformation Christ's Church, and sin cere religion, these Injunctions, Letters, Precepts, and Exhortations, well the bi
and laws, we may sure that God with us,
and that foreign powers shall not prevail
against us, nor hurt us. --Wherefore once
again, and still we must and lay this
charge upon you that are the better the shops, the justices the realm above shire, and justices peace, that with conve premised, may right well appear. Whereby
nient speed you can, you repair down into your countries, and you shall give warning
should suffer those escape, which with their ment the learned, the willing consent the evil example might bring other the like mis parliament, and his grace's own zealous desire, hap, and that vagabonds and lewd and take small effect among his subjects; light tale-tellers, and seditious bearers false decreed presently, with the advice his whole news the king's majesty his council, council, again write unto the bishops such will preach without licence, imme his realin, for speedy and diligent redress
the gentlemen the shire, which have not
necessary business here, that they repair down
each man his country, and there both you lawyers, but especially bishops and old and they, who reckoned the stay every popish curates, whose cloaked contempt, shire, see good order and rule kept You, wilful winking, and stubborn disobedience, the that your sessions gaol delivery and quarter book the common prayer was, long after sessions well kept, and therein your meet the publishing thereof, either not known all, ings such, that justice may well and truly else very irreverently used through many ministered, the offenders and malefactors pu places the realm. Which when the king nished according the laws this realm with complaint divers perfectly understood, being out any fear any man, that for favour you not little aggrieved see the godly agree
some place England, either driven tem
pest, purpose hurt,
such order kept firing the beacons, hath already been written unto you our let
we have note, not much the careful dili gence the king and his learned council;
the lingering slackness and drawing back,
the other side, divers the said justices, and
should see
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647] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [64s
therein; willing and commanding them there- duke of Somerset, governor of our person, and by, that as well they themselves should thence protector our realm, dominions and subjects, forth have a more special regard to the due and the rest our privy council, admonish execution of the premises, as also that you the premises. Wherein, had been others, within their several precincts and juris your office have used earnest diligence, dictions, should their good instructions and and have preferred the same places willing example the more oftener, and with within your diocese,
better devotion, moved use and frequent the have we thought good
same. As further appeareth this Letter here ensuing:
the
King
contents
and nevertheless straitly
inand you, that from henceforth have an earnest and special regard the reduce of
and his these things, the curates may their du London, part ties more often and more reverent sort, and rebuking him Nogligence, partly charg the people occasioned the good advices
Another Letter directed the Council, Bonner, Bishop
ing him see the better setting out the Service Book within his Diocese.
“Right reverend father God, right trusty and well-beloved, we greet you well: and whereas after great and serious debating
and examples yourself, your chancellor, archdeacons, and other interior ministers, come with oftener and more devotion to their
said cominon prayers, give thanks God,
and partakers the most holy commu and long conference the bishops and other nion. Wherein shewing yourself diligent, and grave and well-learned men the holy scrip giving good example your own person, you
tures, one uniform order for common prayers shall both discharge your duty the great and administration of the sacraments hath Pastor, whom we have account, and
been, and most godly set forth, not only also good service and the other side,
the common agreement and full assent the nobility and commons the late session our
late parliament, but also the like assent
we shall hereafter, these our letters and coin mandment notwithstanding, hear effsoons coin plaint, and find the like fault your diocese, we shall have just cause impute the fault thereof, and all that ensueth thereof, unto you, and consequently occasioned thereby
the case required
pray and require you,
charge and coin
the bishops the same parliament, and other the learned men this our realin
their
synods and convocations provincial like
was much our comfort, understand the
godly travel then diligently and willingly taken whereof we would sorry. And therefore for the true opening things mentioned the we estspons charge and command you, upon said book, whereby the true service and honour your allegiance, look well upon your duty
Almighty God, and the right ministration
the sacraments being well and sincerely set
forth, according the scriptures and use
the primitive church, much idolatry, vain su The bishop London, amongst the rest
perstition, and great and slanderous abuses taken away small occasion sor row unto us, understand the complaints
the bishops, receiving these Letters, did, always before, outward shew willingly ac cept the same; and therefore immediately with
many, that our said book much traveled the said letters directed this his precept unto for, and also sincerely sct forth, aforesaid, the dean and chapter his cathedral church remaineth mao places this our realm, Paul's, commanding them look the due
the accomplishing thereof accordingly.
Lotter
either not known all, not used,
Jeast used, very seldom, and that
such light and irreverent sort, the people
many places either have heard nothing,
they hear, they neither understand, nor have
that spiritual delectation the same, that
good Christians appertaineth. The fault ter of the cathedral church of Saint Paul whereof, like we must reason inpute London, and the other ministers there and you and others your vocation, called God, every them send greeting. And where through our appointment, due respect this so, that late have received the said so and such like matters; considering that, vereign lord the king's majesty's letters, such
these and such like occasions, our loving tenor hereunto annexed, and according subjects remain yet still their blindness, and my most bounden duty an right well willing, superstitious errors, and some places and desiring that the said letters should irreligious forgetfulness God, whereby his points duely executed and observed accord wrath may provoked upon and them ing the tenor and purport the same, and remembering withal, that amongst other appertaineth: these therefore are require, cures committed our princely charge, we and also straitly charge you and every think this the greatest, see the glory and you his majesty's behalf, &c. that you true service him maintained and exiled, admonish and command or cause to be admo
whose clemency we knowledge ourselves nished commanded, and singular parsons,
have that we have, we could not but ad vicars, and curates your jurisdiction, ob vice and conscnt our dearest uncle, Edward serve and accomplish the same from time
see otherwise the redress these things;
herein, tender our pleasure. Given un der our signet our manor Richmond, the 23d July, the third year our reign, 1519. ”
Bonner, the Dean and Chap ter Pauls.
the grace God, &c. To my well-beloved brethren the dean and chap
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649] STATE TRIALS, Edw. VI. 1550. —for opposing Reformation. [650
time accordingly; furthermore requiring and Almighty God, whom good things are
likewise charging you, and every of you to looked for, assemble themselves very make certificate herein to me, my chancellor seldon, and fewer times than they were here or other my officers in this behalf, with such tofore accustomed, unto common prayer and convenient celerity as appertaineth, both of the holy communion, being now time when your proceedings in the execution hereof, and were more needful with heart and mind
also the persons and names of such, from henceforth shall found negligent doing their duties the premises any
them. Given my house July, 1519. ”
Moreover, forasmuch
stant hearing the muttering certain rebellion
then stil ring, (whereof more shall said, the
Lord willing, hereafter) and also being credibly
informed divers, that through the evil ex person, now since the time that we
ample, slackness preaching and adminis tering the Sacraments, and careless contempt
Bonner bishop London, not only many the people within the city London, and other places diocese, were very negligent
vice our whole parliament have set
the ad most Eng never the con
pray our heavenly Father for his aid and succour; whereof we right sorry, we
understand that through your evil example, ulham, the 26th and the slackness your preaching and in
the king that in
structing our said people their duties, this offence God most generally com
mitted. For where heretofore upon prin
cipal feasts, and such were called mujus dupler, you yourself were wont execute
godly and devout order our Church
land and Ireland, have very seldom executed upon such other days,
tempt our proceedings and evil example
forgetful oGod, others. And for much also brought
and their duties fre quenting the divine service then established and set forth the authority parliament, but also that divers other, utterly despising the
our knowledge, that divers well Lon don, other places your diocese, frequent and haunt foreign rites masses, and such not allowed the orders
onr realm, and do contemn and forbear praise and laud God, and pray unto majesty
same, did secret places his diocese often frequent the popish mass and other foreign
rites not allowed the laws this realm,
therefore good (having thereby just
suspect his former double are approved and out
thought cause ness)
after such rites and ceremonies,
this realm our authority;
adultery
his privy council call the said bishop maintained and kept openly and commonly before them, and according their wise and the said city London and other places
appoint the lord protector and the rest and further that
and fornication
discreet judgments deal with him for the saille.
Bonner called before the Council.
Wher Ecpon the 11th day August, 1549,
they sent messenger for him, and upon his
your diocese, whereby the wrath God pro voked against our people; the which things you being heretofore admonished, yet hitherto
have made redress, the pastoral office, authority and cure bishop doth appertain: we therefore, whom the supreme cure and charge this church doth appertain, avoid
appearance made first declaration such
formations and complaints had been hereto from the high indignation Almighty God,
fore made against him. And then, after sharp
admonitions and reproofs for his evil demean
ours the premises, thcy delivered unto him
from the king (for his better reformation and
amendment) certain private injunctions
necessarily followed and observed himself. warn you, that you most straightly look upon And whereas, the first branch the said
injunctions, was personally assigned
preach Paul's Cross the Sunday three weeks
then next ensuing (because both the dangerous and temporal and sickly estate the time, and also partly his deprivation own suspicious behaviour required) they fur
ther delivered unto him writing such articles intreat upon his serinon, they thought
then most meet and necessary for the time and causes aforesaid. All which injunctions and articles, for the further manifestation thereof, have here inserted followeth,
Certain private Injunctions and Articles given Bonner the Council.
For Mitch we are advertised, that amongst other disorders our subjects this resent there divers our city London,
negligence your behalf, our laws ecclesiastical
may inflict upon you, unto otherwise, shall seem
the offence reasonable. And
and other places within your diocese, which
Heing very uegligent and forgetful their duty not you, You yourself person shall
the advice our most entirely beloved uncle the lord protector and the rest our privy council, have thought less than our
most bounden duty, now this present, and estsoons peremptorily admonish, charge, and
the premises, and see them reformed that
there may appear upon such pain
quality
the intent you should the better see the re
formation the said abuses, we have thought
good give you, these injunctions following:
Ye shall preach Paul's Cross London, proper person, the Sunday after the date
hereof three weeks, and the same sermon de clarc and set forth the articles hereunto an nexed and shall preach hereafter once
every quarter the year there, exhorting your sermon the people obedience, prayer, and godly living and shall present every serinon hereafter made Paul's Cross,
sickness soloe other reasonable cause
of of ofof
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651] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550. -Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [652
from henceforth every day which heretofore therefore death
was accounted in this Church of England a accumulate principal feast, or majus dupler, and at such even
traitors and rebels, but themselves eternal damnation,
the burning fire hell, with times the bishops London your prede Lucifer, the father, and first author pride, cessors were wont celebrate and sing high disobedience, and rebellion, what pretences
mass, now celebrate and execute the commu soever they have, and what masses holy wa nion the high altar Paul's, for the better ter soever they pretend, about make example other, except sickness let. among themselves, Korah, Dathan, and
'Ye shall yourself, according your duty Abiram, for rebellion against Moses, were swal
and the office bishop, call before you such not come unto and frequent common prayer and service the church,
do not come unto God's board, and receive the communion the least once year, whoso ever frequent unto any other rite service than appointed our book, either
diocese, and shall see such offenders con
lowed down alive into hell, although they pre tended sacrifice unto God. Likewise
the order the church, and external rites and ceremonies divine service, forsomuch God requireth humility heart, innocency living, knowledge him, charity and love towards our neighbours, and obedience his word, and his ministers and superior powers, these we must bring our prayers, our service,
matins, evensong mass any church,
chapel, other #. places within your
and this that sacrifice which Christ
requireth,
vented before you and punished, according
unto the ecclesiastical laws, with severe and
strai. ht punishment therefore. Likewise
shall see one only order used your diocese
according our said book and none other.
Ye shall both yourself, and your officers
under you, search out and convent before you
more diligently than heretofore have done, (as appertaineth your office, adulterers,
and see the same punished according the ecclesiastical laws, and the authority given you that behalf. We have heard also com
plaints, that the Church Paul's and other churches London are late more neglected, well reparation the glass, other
buildings and ornaments the same, than they were heretofore wont, and that divers and
many persons the City malice deny the payment their due tithe their curates, whereby the curates are both injured and made not well able, and manner discouraged
do their duties. The which thing also our will
and these those that make things pleasant unto God. The external rites and ceremonies
but exercises our religion, and appoint able superior powers; chusing whereof
we must obey the magistrates: The which things also we see ever have been and shall
and commandment
unto, and see redressed
And for much
made, most done and committed London,
shall diligently look appertaineth.
zeal sed non secundum scientiam; will, desire,
zeal and devotion, but not after wisdom; that foolish devotion, which can require
thanks praise. And yet again, where obey, must have devotion, for God requireth the heart more than the outward doings, and there
fore that taketh the communion, saith
these complaints
the
us. ”
entreated Sermon.
“That such rebel against their
prince get unto them damnation, and those that resist the higher power, resist the ordinances God, and that dieth therefore rebellion,
the word God utterly damned, and
loseth both body and soul. And therefore
those rebels Devonshire and Cornwall,
Norfolk, elsewhere, who take upon them
assemble power and force against their king pointed preaching) was soon after known abroad and prince, against the laws and statutes the among the citizens and other the commons realm, and about subvert the state and or within the city London, that every man der the commouwealth, not only deserve expected the time thereof, wishing hear the
Special
Bonner Bishop London,
Points and Articles
(as the time and place hath pleased God,
divers, and yet long these before there. any man
spoken inward things
shall use the old rites, and thereby disobey the superior power, the devotion his ceremonies
made naught his disobedience: that which else (so long the law did stand) might good, pride and disobedience now
made naught: Saul's sacrifice, Korah, Da than, and Abiram, and Aaron's two children were. But whoso joineth devotion obedi ence, winneth the garland. For else
heareth the service appointed the king's ina the intent you may look more earnestly, jesty, must bring devotion and inward prayers
better, and more diligently the reformation with him, else his prayers are but vain, lack them, our pleasure that you shall abide ing that which God requireth, that the heart
and keep residence your house there, and mind pray him. Further, shall the city, see, and principal place your dio example Sunday come seventh night cese, and none otherwhere for certain time, after the foresaid date celebrate the communion
until you shall otherwise licensed
Paul's Church. Ye shall also set forth your sermon, that our authority royal power (as truth less authority and force
this our young age, than was any our predecessors, though the same were much elder,
may appear example Josias and other.
young kings scripture; and therefore all our
subjects less bound the obedience our precepts, laws, and statutes, than we
were 40 years age. ”
The delivery these Injunctions and Arti
cles unto the Bishop (with the time his ap
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653] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–for opposing the Reformation. [054
lurketh so secretly in the hearts of the wicked, but that at one time or other God in his most
righteous judgement maketh it open unto the
world: so at this present was that long colour
ed perverse obstinacy, and the infestered hatred people, that they might know their duty unto of this double-faced dissembler against the your majesty, and unto Almighty God, and es king's godly proceedings, most plainly manifest pecially acknowledge your majesty these ed by disobedient demeanor this his ser years and age perfect high and sove mon. —For whereas he was commanded en reign lord, and king, and supreme head, whose treat only upon such special points were laws, proclamations, and commandments we mentioned his articles; yet, both besides are bound obey, well any prince's sub the council's commandment, the withdraw jects are bound obey the laws, proclamations, ing the minds the common people, inas and commandments their natural and sove much him lay, from the right and true reign lord, notwithstanding that nature hath not understanding the holy sacrament ministered yet given unto your person such age trust
same. Which time being once come, the Bishop, Articles did only tend the honour God, according to the tenor of the Injunctions, pub and the better instructions your highness's licly preached at the cross of Paul's the first people obedience and hatred rebellion and day of September. Howbeit as hypocrisy never
the holy communion then set forth authority the king's majesty (according
the she shall, nor many years, which we wish
the most part his sermon about the gross, carnal, and papistical presence Christ's and blood
many any prince ever had, the which
you king prince,
not make but the
your birth, and lawful succession what be, that we all must well acknow
king
our and prince,
less feared and obeyed, than your high ness were fifty hundred years old, (the
holy scripture) ospend true sense the did
years right soever ledge
his articles, but rebellious and wilful
carelessness did utterly leave out unspoken the
whole last article, concerning the effectual
and lawful authority the king's highness which thing not only most certainly true, but during his young age,
mutiny, wherewith late this your majesty's realm hath been marvellously vexed, the danger your highness's person, and the state
the whole realm, and therefore thing
this time most necessary taught unto the
the sacrament the altar, and also
your these years,
contrary thereunto did not only slenderly touch the rest
majesty
years old; notwithstanding was the traitorous opinion
were thirty for also this time most necessarily taught,
especially when divers rebels have openly de clared, that they would not obey your highness's
laws, nor acknowledge the statutes made
your majesty available till you come This contemptuous and disobedient dealing the age twenty years) and this not only being
greatly offended most the king's faithful but the same thing being commanded
and loving subjects there present, did much your said majesty, amongst other Injunctions mislike the minds, and was far from the good and Articles given writing the said Ed expectation, well that faithful and godly mund Bonner, preached his last sermon, preacher master John Hooper, afterwards bi the same Injunctions may appear, the shop Worcester and Gloucester, and lastly which the true copy we have when need
most constant martyr for the gospel Christ, shewed: yet this notwithstanding, the and also master Wm. Latimer, bachelor said Bonner, what zeal mind we cannot divinity and therefore they well weighing the tell, whether favouring the opinion the said
bels) was special commandment chiefly ap pointed him entreat upon. - -
foulness the fact, and their bounden allegi ances unto their prince, did thereupon exhibit unto the king's highness, under both their names,
bill complaint denunciation against the said Bishop form following:
The Denunciation John Hooper and William Latimer against Bonner the king's Majesty, for leaving undone the Points aforementioned,
which was charged preach upon.
“IN most humble wise sheweth unto your majesty William Latimer and John Hooper, that where late, we certainly informed from your majesty, the hand the right high
rebels, contemning your highness's command
ment declared unto him, hath not only left out
declare the said Article, which we most
and chiefly expected and looked for, but also
the rest sermon did not fully and apertly declare the said Injunctions andArticles,
our judgement did appear they ought have been declared, and was light ground looked for, entreating other far distant and divers from the Articles upon the which was commanded entreat; and such most should move and stir the people disorder and dissension, willingly leaving out those things which should have made quiet and obedience.
the same (because the popish re
and noble prince Edward, duke Somerset, Wherefore not moved any malice, grudge, governor your royal person, and protector envy, evil will the person the Bishop, your highness's realins, dominions and but constrained the love and zeal which we
subjects, and the rest your privy council, bear towards your highness, and our duty and there were certain Injunctions given the Bi allegiance your majesty, whose honour and
shop London that now with Articles insinuated and preached unto your subjects
certain day limited, the which Injunctions and
safety with tranquillity, quietness, and good governance this your realm, we most de
sire, and for the discharge our most boundea
you were the age years, and your laws and statutes
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655] STATE TRIALS, 3 Edw. VI. 1550–Proceedings against Bishop Bonner, [656
duties, to avoid the dangers that might en articles, and for the more sure knowledge, sue the concealinent thereof, we most hum keeping, and observing, did exhibit the same
contempt
tion, and for good quiet our subjects and
bly denounce and declare the same your writing unto him the hands
highness, the intent that your majesty, the cle, the fulfilling our counsel;
advice aforesaid, may, please your high withstanding, the said bishop hath
mess, this our humble denunciation, call the (as inay appear) overslipped and not said Bishop answer the premises, the which observed certain the said things en we are ready avow and prove, and then joined, and other perversely and negligently your highness may take further order herein,
your princely wisdom shall seem most con venient; whose long life and most prosperous government God Almighty long continue, for the which we shall pray during our lives. ”
The king's majesty having thus, the infor
mation these two credible persons, perfect intelligence the contemptuous and perverse negligence this Bishop, not accomplishing his highness's commandment given him
done, that the things minded reforma
and otherwise called. The which things they tendering the health, quietness, good order, and government our people, have not
thought convenient past unpunished
and unreformed, and therefore the advice
aforesaid, have appointed you upon due punishment such dangerous rebellious ob whose sidelities, wisdoms, dexterities, and cir
junction, thought most necessary with venient speed (for the avoiding further
con
conveniences) look more severely unto the
stinacy; and therefore the advice the lord protector, and the rest his honourable Coulin cil, immediately directed forth his commis sion under his broad seal unto the archbishop Canterbury, the bishop Rochester, and
cumspections we have full confidence, call before you well the denouncers, the said
faults, also the said bishop, and with due ex aulinations and process, according the law and justice hear the said matter, and other
our whole realm, converted the wilful negligence perversity him great occa slow slander, tumult, and grudge amongst our people, hath been denounced
writing certain honest and discreet persons,
our said un this not
other grave and trusty personages and counsel matters, what kind, nature, condition so
lors, appointing and authorizing them,
certain them, virtue the same, call before them, well the bishop London,
also the foresaid denouncers, and upon due ex amination and proof the premises, any other matter otherwise objected, further
ever they shall objected against the said bi shop, summarily (e: piano) otherwise
your discretions shall thought most meet,
proceed against him suminarily, according iaw and justice, either sion, excommunication, committing
plano, suspen prison,
deprivation the quality the offence required) otherwise use any other censure, ecclesiastical, which, for the better hearing and
determining that cause, might their wis doms seem more pertinent, appeareth more
amply ensuing:
King's
upon the Denunciation aforesaid; for the Er
amination Bonner, Bishop London. Edward the 6th, &c. To the most reve
rend father God, Thomas abp. Canterbury, metropolitan and primate England, the right rev. father God, Nicholas bp. Rochester, our trusty and right well-beloved counsellors,
Wm.