No More Learning

, 116 ; 125 ;
132, 134 sqq. , 169, 218 sqq. , 237; defeats
the Salian Franks, 296; defeats the Ri.
puarian Franks, 299; his treatise in
honour of Cybele, 496; attempts to regu.
late trade, 550; and Neoplatonism, 568 ;
575; and the stage, 593; and Christian
hospitals, 595
Julian, city. praefect of Constantinople, de-
posed, 479
Julian, magister militum of Thrace, killed,
480
Juliana, grand-daughter of Valentinian III,
offered in marriage to Theodoric, 475;
wife of Areobindus, 485
Julianus, comes patrimonii under Theodoric,
442
Julia Traducta. See Tarifa
Juliers, a principal city of the Ripuarian
Franks, 300
Julius I, Bishop of Rome, tries case of
Athanasius and Marcellus, 128 sqq. ; 159
Julius Constantius, half-brother of Con.
stantine the Great, 22; death of, 63
Julius, Roman general, commands in Thrace,
220 ; massacres the Goths in Asia, 252
Junius Bassus, praefect of Rome, sculptures
on sarcophagus of, 602, 604
Juno, Julian revives worship of, 107
Jupiter, 95 ; Julian revives worship of, 107;
Flavianus erects statues of, 247 ; 575
Jupiter Capitolinus, temple of, at Rome,
destroyed by the Vandals, 308, 421
Jura Mts, crossed by Constantius, 65;
Teutons reach the, 194; 534
Justasa, robber, made emperor by Samari.
tans, 474 ; defeated and killed, ib.
Justin I, Eastern Emperor, accession of,
313; 314; proscribes Arianism, 453 sq. ,
485; makes peace with see of Rome, 518
Justin Martyr, letter of Ignatius to, 146;
Apology of, cited, 149, 161
Justina, Aviana, wife of Valentinian I,
Arianism of, 142; 231 ; influences policy
of Valentinian II, 239, 242; death, 243
Justinian, Eastern Emperor, Code of, 1,
556 ; crushes paganism, 113 sq. ; and the
Vandal kingdom, 314 sq. , 318; and the
Ostrogothic kingdom, 432; 440; Authen-
ticus of, cited, 444 ; novel of, cited, 445 ;
Amalasuntha appeals to, 455; 484, 502;
rebuilds Christian churches, 610
Justinian, general of Constantine the usur-
per, defeated by Sarus, 267
Jutes, the, early settlements of, 382, 384 ;
385, 389, 393
Juthungi, tribe of the Alemanni, 200; make
raid on Rhaetia, 241, 410
Jutland, Teutons early settled in, 183 ; 194,
384, 386
Juvenal (Decimus Junius Juvenalis), 575
Juvenal, Bishop of Jerusalem, at Council of
Ephesus, 175; receives reports of decision
of synod at Rome, 499; assessor at the La-
trocinium, 505; at Council of Chalcedon,
508 sq. ; deprived, 509; pardoned, ib. ;
driven from see, 512; reinstated, ib.
Juvencus, presbyter, makes a metric version
of the Gospel, 570
Kalmucks, class distinctions among the,
335; food of, 340; education, 342; re-
ligion, 344 sqq.
Kalonymus, commands Roman fleet against
Vandals, 315
Kara-Kalpaks, customs of, 339
Kara-Kirghiz people, system of government
of, 334 ; food of, 340
Kawad, King of Persia, at war with Rome,
481 sqq. ; makes terms, 483
Kazak Kirghiz, class distinctions among,
335; customs, 339; dress, 341
Kelts (Celtae), the, troops summoned from
Gaul, 72 sq. ; early home of, 184 ; influ.
ence the Teutons, 185; expansion of,
186 sq. ; 189; expelled from South Ger-
many, 190; 191 ; rising of, 267; in
Britain, 368, 370, 373, 546; 544; and the
Latin language, 545
Kenchester (Magna) in Herefordshire,
possibly site of Romano-British town, 373
Kent, Caesar in, 368; Roman villas in,
375; Roman road through, 376; Jutes
in, 382; kingdom of, 389
Kessima, G. , cited, 189 note
Khin-gan Mts, 323
Khiva, slave-markets of, 348; corrupt ad.
ministration of, 352


## p. 729 (#759) ############################################

Index
729
Khokand, 348
Khorasan, Turks flee from, 328; devastated
by Chinghiz Khan, 350
Kinzig Valley, 209 note
Kirghiz, the, wealth of, 331; clan-feeling
among, 334; wanderings of, 335; customs
of, 337 sqq. ; 348; character, 352
Kniwa, King of the Goths, attacks the
Romans, 203 sq.
Koré, worship of, 93
Körös, River, 365
Kriemhild. See Ildico
.
Labarum, the Byzantine, origin of, 4 sq. ;
abolished by Julian, 104
Laconia, the barbarians in, 205
Lacringi, Vandalic tribe, 195, 198; invade
Roman provinces, 199
Lactantius, cited, 4, 51, 549
Laeti, the, 67
Lahn, River, 186 note
Laibach. See Aemona
Lambro, River, 434
Lampadius, praefect of Rome, 272
Lampridius, poet and rhetorician, cited, 158,
551; at Bordeaux, 292
Lampsacus, Tribigild at, 459
Lancashire, Roman forts in, 369
Lanciones, repulsed by Romans, 208
Langobards. See Lombards
Laodicea Combusta, Bishop of. See Eu-
genius
Laodicea in Phrygia, trade of, 548 sq. ; code
of the Council of, 179 sq. ; 242
Laodicea in Syria, linen trade of, 548 sq.
Laodicea, Bishop of. See Apollinarius
Larissa, Alaric encounters Stilicho near,
260 ; sacked by Theodoric, 477
Lascaris, house of, 19
La Tène civilisation, 187 and note
Lateran. See Church of St John Lateran
Latona, Julian revives worship of, 107
Latopolis (Esneh), monasteries near, 524
Laurentius, Bishop of Milan, and Theodoric,
439, 446
Laurentius, anti-pope, disputed election of,
449; made bishop of Nuceria, ib. ; 450
Lauretum, part of palace at Ravenna,
Odovacar murdered in, 440
Lauriacum, Gratian at, 234, 253
Lausiac History of Palladius, cited, 526,
528
Lawrence, St, church at Rome named after,
159
Lazica (Colchis), 225 sq. , 469
Leander, Bishop of Seville, his Rules for
monks, 533
Leges Barbarorum, 392
Leicester (Ratae), Romano-British town, 373;
Roman road through, 376
Leine, River, 186 and note
Lemnos, 205
Lemovi (Lemovii), early settlements of,
185, 198
Lenborough, 390
Lentienses, tribe of the Alemanni, 200; 209;
defeated at Argentaria, 210, 233 sq. , 252 ;
237, 253
Leo I, Emperor of the East, coins of, found
in Childeric's tomb, 299; sends embassies
to Gaiseric, 310; makes peace with Gai.
seric, 311; death, ib. ; and Aspar, 395,
469 sqq. ; promotes Ricimer and Majorian,
423; and Marcellinus, 424; recognised in
the West, 425; appoints Anthemius em.
peror, 426, 470; preserves Eastern Em-
pire, 427; 428 ; appoints Nepos emperor,
429, 433, 474; and Theodoric, 437; 443;
and Cyrus, 466; accession, 468; and
Gobazes, 469; and the Goths, 471; 475,
479, 515
Leo II, Emperor of the East, accession, 472;
death, 472 sq. ; 515
Leo I, the Great, Bishop of Rome, 155 ;
sermons of, 162; 170; Tome of, 173;
505 sq. , 509, 516 sq. ; and the Nicene
canons, 179; 182 ; and Gaiseric, 308, 396,
421 ; his embassy to Attila, 365, 396 sq. ,
417; power and influence of, 396; and
the Monophysite controversy, 503 sq. ; and
the Latrocinium, 505; and the Eastern
court, 506 ; summons synod at Rome, ib. ;
work of delegates at Council of Chalcedon,
508 sqq. ; and decisions of the Council,
511; supports Juvenal, 512; and the riots
in Alexandria, 513 ; confirms appointment
of bishop of Antioch, 514; 517
Leo of Narbonne, first minister of Euric
and of Alaric II, 290; literary talent of,
292
Leo, wool-comber, promoted by Eutropius,
457; sent against Tribigild, 458; defeated
and slain, ib.
Leonas, envoy of Constantius, 74
Leontia, daughter of Leo I, marries Patricius,
470; marries Marcian, 471; imprisoned,
476
Leontius, Athenian sophist, 463
Leontius, general, supports Illus, 113, 438,
477; is crowned by Verina, 478; beheaded,
479
Leporius of Marseilles, monk, condemned
by Council of Carthage, 498
Leptis, sufferings of the citizens of, 227 sq.
Lerins, St Patrick at, 533; the monastery
of, 534
Lerna, pagan worship at, 93
Lesbos. See Mitylene
Lesghians, defeated by Mongols, 350
Letocetum. See Lichfield
Letter of Constantine to the Provincials on
Christianity, 11
Letts, early settlements of, 184
Leucippe and Cleitophon, fifth century novel,
398
Levites, the, bishops compared with, 157
Lex Francorum Chamavorum, 295
Lex Hadriana de rudibus agris, 560
Lex Julia, and trade guilds, 551
Lex Romana Visigothorum, or Breviarium


## p. 730 (#760) ############################################

730
Index
of Italy by, 364, 432, 455; defeat Heruli,
483 ; sack Monte Cassino, 541
Lombardy, held by Theodoric, 439
London, 43, 175; Theodosius at, 223 ;
Roman roads radiating from, 376; Roman
relics found at, 612, 614 note
London, Bishop of, at Council of Arles, 12
Longinianus, praetorian praefect, slain in
the mutiny at Pavia, 269
Longinus, brother of Zeno, captured, 473;
retained as hostage, 475, 477 ; escapes,
478; magister militum, 479; forced to
take orders, 479 sq. ; exiled, 480; dies, ib. ;
poverty of family of, ib.
Longinus of Cardala, Isaurian, magister
officiorum, 478; joins insurgents, 480 ;
beheaded, ib.
Longinus of Selinus, helps Isaurian rebels,
480 ; beheaded, ib.
Lopodunum, 224
Lot, Bible story of, 336
Louvre, Museum of the, specimen of pictured
linen at, 608
Low Countries. See Netherlands
Lucania, 30
Lucentius, Bishop, legate of Pope Leo at
Council of Chalcedon, 508
Lucian, satirist, 89 sq.
Lucian, Count of the East, put to death, 456
Lucian of Antioch, 119; bishops influenced
by, 126; teacher of Arius, 129; school of,
155
Lucifer, Bishop of Calaris, exiled, 131 ;
consecrates Paulinus of Antioch, 136 sq.
Lucillianus, Count, general of Constantius,
59 sq. ; surprised by Julian, 75; com.
mands fleet on Euphrates, 82
Lucretius, Titus Carus, 582
Lucullanum, villa in the Campania, assigned
to Romulus Augustulus, 434
Lucullus, L. Licinius, villa of, 434
Lugdunensis Tertia, Gothic rule in, 287
Lugdunum. See Lyons
Lugi (Lugii), 196, 198
Lupercalia, the, changed to Christian festi.
val, 117
Lupicinus, magister armorum, oppresses the
Goths, 215 sq. ; commands in Britain,
73, 378; 232 sq. ; defeated at Marcianople,
216; comes to the help of Valens, 221
Lusitania (Portugal), barbarians in, 274;
Alani receive land in, 275, 304, 358;
Goths hold, 287; invaded by Sueves, 305;
recovered for Rome by Wallia, 404 ; 413
Lychnidus, Theodoric repulsed from, 475
Lycopolis (Asyut), 522
Lyons (Lugdunum), 43; Magnentius kills
himself at, 61 sq. ; church of, 164; 175;
Gratian killed at, 238, 255; Marcian at,
423
Lyons, Bishop of. See Irenaeus
Lysias, 103
Alaricianum published, 286; distribution
of copies of, 290
Libanius, rhetorician, cited, 57; influences
Julian, 64, 99 ; 81, 89, 104; Chrysostom
& pupil of, 116, 491, 570; and the citizens
of Antioch, 241; his description of legal
proceedings, 563; and the stage, 593; 594
Liber Historiae, cited, 295, 298
Liberius, Bishop of Rome, exiled by Con.
stantius, 131; 147; 153; 159
Liberius, officer under Odovacar, promoted
by Theodoric, 443, 446; and the distribu.
tion of land, 447
Liber Pontificalis, cited, 158, 417
Libya, Arian bishops of, 121; 171; raids of
barbarians in, 458, 467, 483; the Henoti.
con sent to, 516
Libyans, 502
Lichfield, 376
Licinianus, son of Licinius, 7
Licinius (P. Flavius Galerius Valerius Li.
cinianus), Emperor, 3; tolerant towards
Christians, 4 899. ; marriage of, 5; defeats
Maximin, 6; struggles with Constantine,
7 sq. ; is executed, 8; 9, 12, 15, 17, 211
Licinius (the younger), executed, 15
Liguria, 239, 273; Huns in, 417; Odovacar
supported by barbarians of, 434; Burgun.
dians in, 439, 445; inhabitants restored,
445; taxes partially remitted in, 446;
land awarded to Goths in, 447
Lilybaeum, held by Vandals, 311, 313
Limigantes, the, 20; treacherously attack
Constantine and are massacred, 71
Lincoln (Lindum), colonia at, 371,
Roman roads at, 376
Lincolnshire, Roman villas in, 375
Lindisfarne, Theodrio besieged in, 391
Lindsey (district of), 389; absorbed in
Mercia, 390
Lindum colonia. See Lincoln
Linges, bastard brother of Illus, commands
in Isauria, 478
Linginines, Count of Isauria, joins insur.
gents, 480; killed, ib.
Linzgau, country of the Lentienses, 252
Lippe, River, Keltic name, 186 note; Arbo-
gast by, 259; 361
Liscia, Maximus defeated at, 256
Lithuanians, early settlements of the, 184
Litorius, lieutenant of Aëtius, paganism
of, 395, 418; raises siege of Narbonne,
411
Littlecote Park, Ramsbury, Orpheus pave-
ment at, 614
Lodi, Odovacar in the plains of, 434
Logadius, prince of the Theodosian house,
opposes Constantine the usurper, 267
Loire, River, limit of Gothic territory, 281,
283; Clovis crosses, 286; Salian Franks
fight the Romans along, 298; Saxons
seize islands in, 299; 411 sq.
Lombards (Langobards), the, subjugated by
the Marcomanni, 196 ; location of, 198;
treatment of subject race by, 287; invasion
373;
Mabillon, Jean, on Spanish monachism,
533


## p. 731 (#761) ############################################

Index
731
481
Macarius of Egypt, disciple of Anthony,
522; Rule attributed to, 535
Macedonia, 2; Rome interferes in, 191;
barbarians in, 204 sqq. , 250 ; 220; 248;
251 ; under Theodosius, 253; Alaric in,
260, 456; ancestors of the Franks in,
293; 357; Theodoric in, 475, 477; plun.
dered by Slavs, 483; mines of, 548
Macedonians, related to the Franks,
293
Macedonius, Bishop of Constantinople,
deprived, 518
Macedonius, heresy of, 177
Macellum, prison of Julian and Gallus, 63,
99
Macrian, King of the Alemanni, 224; makes
peace with Valentinian, 229
Maorina, sister of St Basil, 531
Macrinius Vindex, praetorian praefect, de-
feated and slain, 199
Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius, cited,
110, 594; Saturnalia of, 571, 573, 592;
Commentary on the Dream of Scipio of,
572; and the Plotinian philosophy, 573;
574; and Aristotle, 579
Ma'di Kharb, leader of Taghlibi, raid of,
Maedi, 191
Maelgwn, (King of) Gwynedd, 388
Maeotis, Lake. See Azov
Magasaete. See Herefordshire
Magians, Roman treatment of the, 469
Magnentius, Emperor of the West, usurps
the throne, 59; opposes Constantius, 60;
is defeated and flees, 61; kills himself,
62; 64; results of his treachery, 65 sq. ,
208; 77; 130; the elder Gratian and,
218
Magnesia, early Christians of, 146
Magyars, customs of the, 341; formerly
fire-worshippers, 346; slave-holders, 348;
invasion of Europe by, 349, 357 ; tactics
of, 351; language of, 355 ; mixed race of,
356, 359
Mahomet, 123; condemns agricultural
labour, 338
Main, River, campaign of Julian on, 69;
186 sq. ; and the Teuton settlements,
188 sq. ; 192 sq. , 197 sq. , 200 sq. , 207 ;
migration of the Vandals along the, 266 ;
early Germanic settlements on, 294 sq. ;
Frankish tribes on, 300
Mainz, taken by the Alemanni, 66; 68 sq. ;
Maximian at, 207; massacre of inhabi.
tants by barbarians, 224; Valentinian
at, 225; destroyed by Vandals, 266 ;
Jovinus declared emperor at, 275; 295,
416
Maiozamalcha, fortress of, taken by Julian,
83
Majorian, Emperor of the West, 282; and
the Vandals, 309, 423 sq. ; abdication,
310; death, 310, 424, 468; and the Senate,
397, 443; made emperor, 423; ante-
cedents, ib. ; character of government,
ib. ; successes in Gaul, ib. ; and Mar.
cellinus, 425; recognised by Eastern
Empire, 468
Malamocco, 417 note
Mallobaudes, King of the Franks, in com.
mand at Argentaria, 234, 252
Mamre, church built at, 611
Man, Isle of, traces of pagan worship in, 90
Manchester, site of Roman fort, 370
Manichaeans, the, nature fables of, 581
Mannus, legendary ancestor of Germans,
292
Maranga, skirmish at, 84
Marbod, chief of the Marcomanni, 196 sq.
Marca, the, country of the Marcomanni,
189
Marcellianus, Roman officer, murders
Gabinius, 229
Marcellinus, count of the sacred largesses,
conspires against Constans, 59; is defeated
by Constantius, 61
Marcellinus, brother of Maximus, 243
Marcellinus, Roman general, sent against
the Vandals, 310, 426; murdered, 311,
425 sq. ; cited, 399, 431; paganism of, 418;
trained by Aëtius, 419, 425; rules in
Dalmatia, 424, 468; character, 425; 429 ;
submits to Anthemius, 470; 474
Marcellus of Ancyra, and the Arian con-
troversy, 121, 126 sqq. ; acquitted of
heresy, 129; 130; 137 ; confession of
faith of, 139; school of, 140; heresy of,
177
Marcellus, general of Constantius, 66;
disgraced, 67; takes Cyzicus, 221
Marcellus, treasury counsel under Theodoric,
442
March (Marus), River, 192, 196 sq.
Marcian, Emperor of the East, refuses help
against the Vandals, 309; refuses tribute
to Attila, 364 sq. ; 414 ; Britain invaded
by English in reign of, 382; and Council
of Chalcedon, 417, 507, 510 sq. ; and
Aëtius, 419; and Maximus, 421; re-
cognises Avitus, 422; death, 423, 468,
426 ; and the consulship, 444;
made emperor, 467 ; marries Pulcheria,
ib. , 506; reign, 468; orthodoxy of, 506;
and the insurrection at Jerusalem, 512;
517
Marcian, son of Anthemius, marries Leontia,
471 ; rebels, 476 ; imprisoned, ib. ; pro-
claimed emperor, 477
Marcianople, attacked by barbarians, 203,
206; Romans defeated at, 216, 233, 250;
Valens at, 221; treachery shewn to the
Goths at, 232 sq.
Marcomania, proposed new province, 200
Marcomanni, a tribe of Suebi, 189, 194; in
Bohemia, 195; 196 sqq. ; invade Roman
provinces, 199 ; subdued, 200; 202, 207;
under Attila, 361
Marcomir, leader of the Franks, 243, 256;
gives hostages, 244, 256 ; commands the
Chatti, 259 ; exiled, 260; 293, 295
513;
:


## p. 732 (#762) ############################################

732
Index
Marco Polo, cited, 339, 342, 350, 359
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Emperor, 1,
25, 33, 47, 77; and the German invasion,
198 sq. ; death of, 200; policy of, 206 ;
238 ; 569 sq.
Marcus, proclaimed emperor in Britain,
267 note, 380
Mardia, the plain of, battle on, 7
Mardin, 482
Mardonius, tutor to Julian, 63, 98 sq. , 103
Mare Suevicum. See Baltic Sea
Marga, Thomas of. See Thomas
Margus (Passarovitz), betrayed by the
bishop to the Huns, 363
Margus (Passarovitz), Bishop of, and Attila,
362; betrays Margus to the Huns, 363
Margus, River. See Morava
Maria, daughter of Stilicho, marries
Honorius, 264 ; dies, 268
Marina, daughter of Arcadius, 462; and
Nestorius, 499, 502
Marinus, minister of Anastasius I, and
financial reform, 483; hostility of the
mob to, 485
Marinus, tribune, 64
Maris, Bishop of Chalcedon, and Julian,
135
Maritza, River (Hebrus), Gothic colonists
on, 239; Goths defeated on, 250, 258;
Theodosius defeated on, 258; 474
Maritza Pass, army of Valens in, 234
Marius, C. , defeats the Cimbri, 193; 434
Mark, St, ordinance of, 160; importance of
church of Alexandria due to, 171, 507
Marmora (Propontis), 17, 56, 63; Heruli
on, 205 ; 251; nomads winter by, 358;
462 ; pirates in, 465
Marmoutier, monastery of St Martin at,
534
Mars, 95; Julian revives worship of, 107;
identical with Thunor or Ti, 386
Marseilles, as seat of learning, 88; Ataulf
fails to take, 277, 402; taken by Goths,
284, 430 ; beginnings of monachism at,
534
Marseilles, Bishop of. See Proculus
Marsus, Roman general, 113; leads cam-
paign against the Vandals in Africa, 311;
and Illus, 477 ; death, 478
Martianus, general of Constantius, 75
Martin, Bishop of Braga in Spain, Capitula
of, 181 ; fosters monachism, 532
Martin, St, Bishop of Tours, 152; biography
of, cited, 153; monastic foundations of,
Mascezel, Moorish prince, drives out his
usurping brother, 263
Massagetae, the, invade Persia, 59; cannibal
customs of, 349
Maternus, Julius Firmicus, cited, 92
Matronianus, brother-in-law of Illus, con.
veys Verina to Tarsus, 476 ; accompanies
Illus to Antioch, 477 ; shut out of Edessa,
478
Matterhorn, the, 4
Matthew, St, discovery of autograph of
Gospel of, 175
Mauretania, church councils for, 164; 262;
coast infested by Vandals, 305, 409; 307;
laid waste before the Roman advance,
309; conquered by Moors, 314 ; ceded to
Vandals, 411, 413; slave trade in, 548
Mauretania Caesariensis, retained by Rome,
307 ; conquered by Moors, 314; 316;
reoccupied by Gaiseric, 422
Mauretania Sitifensis, retained by Rome,
307 ; conquered by Moors, 314; 316;
reoccupied by Gaiseric, 422
Mauretania Tingitana, ceded to Vandals,
307; conquered by Moors, 314; 316;
Vandals land in, 409
Mauriacus, battle of, 280, 297, 364, 416,
418, 421; site, 416 note
Maurice, Eastern Emperor, 484
Maurus, St, 541
Maxentius, Emperor, 3; defeat and death
of, 4; 5, 31 ; debases the coinage, 40; 44
Maximian (Maximianus I), Emperor, ab-
dicates, 2; 3, 15, 16; successes against
barbarians, 207; Carausius claims to be
colleague of, 377
Maximian, Bishop of Constantinople, ap.
pointed on deprivation of Nestorius, 501
Maximianus, Cornelius, poetry of, 449
Maximin (Galerius Valerius Maximinus,
called Daza or Daia), Emperor, 3; treat-
ment of Christians by, 4 sqq. ; defeat
and death of, 6; 9, 15, 17, 22 ; 79 sq. ;
attempts to organise pagan religions, 107;
drives back barbarians, 201
Maximin, imperial envoy, takes hostages of
the Blemmyes, 468
Maximinus, praefect of Illyricum, 229;
ill-treats the Goths, 232
Maximus, made emperor in Spain by
Gerontius, 274, 400
Maximus, Cn. Mallius, consul, defeated,
192
Maximus, Magnus Clemens, proclaimed
534
emperor in Britain, 238, 255, 379;
defeats Gratian, ib. ; attempts to entrap
Valentinian II, 239; refuses burial in
Italy for corpse of Gratian, 240; 241 ;
makes war on Valentinian II, 242;
defeated and slain, 243, 255 sq. ; charac-
ter, ib. ; 244, 383 note
Maximus, Petronius, made emperor, 281,
308, 397, 420; and the murder of
Valentinian III, 398, 419 and note; plans
the death of Aëtius, 418; death, 421
Martin of Bracara, Homilies of, 115
Martinianus, officer of Licinius, made
magister officiorum, 8
Martinianus, officer of Zeno, made magister
militum, 474; 475
Martyria, Christian tomb chambers, 609
Martyrium (Great Church), at Jerusalem,
plan of, 609
Martyropolis, betrayed to Persia, 481
Marus, River. See March


## p. 733 (#763) ############################################

Index
733
Michael (VIII) Palaeologus, Eastern Em.
peror, 19
Maximus, Bishop of Antioch, at Council of
Chalcedon, 508; appointment, 514; de-
position, ib.
Maximus of Turin, Homilies of, 115
Maximus, philosopher, 64, 78; thaumaturgic
séances of, 100; Julian writes to, 102;
106; distrusted by Valentinian, 219;
conspires against Valens, 226
Mayenne, River, 299
Mazaca. See Caesarea in Cappadocia
Mazices, eastern tribe, raid Libya, 483
Mecklenburg, Teutons in, 186
Media, 82; the Scythian invasion of, 354;
361
Medieval History, epoch of beginning of, 1
Mediterranean Sea, Vandals on, 306, 309
sqq. , 412; Vandal rule in islands of,
320; 379; 405; 411
Megara, taken by Goths, 261, 457
Megarians, the, 17
Melania, Roman lady, monastery founded
by, 526; establishes sisterhood in
Palestine, 531
Melania, granddaughter of above, 526
Melanthias, Valens at, 234
Melas, River, 458
Melchiades. See Miltiades
Meletian schism, the, 12, 14
Meletius, Bishop of Antioch, 134 sqq. , 138;
presides at Council of Constantinople
(381), 141
Melitene, Eugenius at, 481; Patricius at,
482
Melito, Bishop of Sardis, 164
Memnon, Bishop of Ephesus, at the
Council of Ephesus, 174, 501
Menapii, Keltic tribe, 188
Mendip Hills, the, government of, in
Roman times, 372
Mensurius, Bishop of Carthage, 12
Mercia, kingdom of, 389; expansion of,
390
Mercurii Promontorium. See Bon (Cape)
Mercurius, 97
Mercury, Roman deacon, 154 sq.
Merida, Sueves defeated near, 305; taken
by Rechiar, 413
Merobaudes, his panegyric of Aëtius cited,
411, 418
Merobaudes, Roman general, saves Romanus
from justice, 228; and the succession
question, 231; murder of, 242
Merovech, King of the Salian Franks, 296;
legend of the birth of, 297 sq. ; 300
Merwings, long hair worn by, 317
Mesopotamia, 22, 71 sq. , 82, 85, 136 ;
invaded by Scythians, 354; 464; Roman
army in, 481 sq. ; revolt in, 513 sq. ;
growth of asceticism in, 526; 527
Messalian monks (Euchitae), 527
Metamorphoses, the, of Apuleius, 90
Metz (Divodurum), Julian passes through,
66; 69; 209 note ; holds out against the
Franks, 300; 411; sacked by Attila, 416
Meuse, River, 69, 209, 296
Middle Anglia, 389; absorbed by Mercia,
390
Middlesex, Roman troops in, 368; probably
not a separate kingdom, 389
Miklagard (Constantinople), 18
Milan, Constantine at, 5; edict of, 5 sq. ,
20, 134 ; Donatists appeal to Constantine
at, 12; 16, 32, 43, 50; Constantius at,
61, 63; Julian in ward at, 64 ; 65 sq. ;
71; as seat of learning, 88; 101 ;
Eugenius at, 115 ; council at (355), 131 ;
prominence of church of, 172; 182 ;
defeat of Alemanni near, 201; Valentinian
at, 219, 222, 227, 229; election of
Ambrose at, 239; 240, 242; Theodosius
at, 243, 257; Ambrose withdraws from,
244 ; penance of Theodosius at, 245;
death of Theodosius at, 247, 259; Alaric
threatens, 264 sq. ; sacked by Huns,
417; Ricimer collects troops at, 427; re-
taken by Odovacar, 439; 448; monastery
of Ambrose at, 531 sq. ; Augustine at,
571; ivory book-cover in Collection at,
605 ; church of the Apostles built at, 610
Milan, Bishops of. See Ambrose, Dionysius,
Laurentius
Miletus, trade in purple fabrics of, 549;
remains of church at, 611
Milevis, Bishop of. See Optatus
Miltiades (Melchiades), Bishop of Rome, 12
Mincio, River, Attila camps on, 365
Minerva, Julian revives worship of, 107 ;
statue of, at Athens, 113
Minervina, wife of Constantine, 2, 15
Misenum, Cape, 434
Misopogon, Julian's, 81
Mithras, worship and mysteries of, 9, 11,
569; Julian and, 64, 101, 105; 89;
originates in Persia, 90; 95, 105, 107,
112, 114
Mithridates, King of Pontus, 85; Bastarnae
allied with, 191
Mittenberg, 189 sq.
Mitylene (Lesbos), 17
Modares, barbarian prince, sent by Theo-
dosius against the Goths, 236
Modena, clothing trade of, 549
Moesia, 19, 56; plundered by Goths, 203,
205 sq. , 216, 252 ; Tervingi settled in,
210; devastated by Quadi, 229; 235 ;
Theodosius in command in, 253; colonies
of Goths in, 254, 260, 456, 458; 363; Theo.
dorio in, 437 sq. , 477; Theodemir and,
471 ; Vitalianus seizes fortresses in, 486
Moesia, duke of, bribed by Vitalianus, 485
Mogontiacum, Ambrose at, 239
Moin, ancient name of the Main, 186 note
Mongolia, cattle-breeding in, 331; 336
Mongols, devastation wrought by, 328;
personal appearance, 332; government,
334; customs, 336 sqq. , 355 ; under
Chinghiz Khan, 350; 359
Monica, mother of Augustine, 597


## p. 734 (#764) ############################################

734
Index
316;
Monmouthshire, 372
Monophysites, the, Basiliscus favours, 473;
Zeno tries to placate, 477; favoured by
Eudocia, 507; and Anastasius, 518; in
the Egyptian Church, 526
Monotheletes, the, and the Emperor Con-
stans, 516
Mons Piri (Heidelberg? ), Romans defeated
at, 224
Monte Cassino, St Benedict founds mon.
astery at, 537; sacked, 541
Montenegro, Roumanians in, 356
Montius, quaestor of the palace, murdered,
63
Moors, rebellion and defeat of the, 228, 305;
join the Vandals in attack on Rome, 308 ;
submit to the Vandals, 309; revolt of,
311 sq. ; successes in Vandal territory,
314; autonomy retained under Vandals,
destroy early monachism in Spain,
535; 544
Mopsucrene (Mopsucrenae), in Cilicia, Con-
stantius dies at, 76, 134
Mopsuestia, Bishop of. See Theodore
Morava (Margus), River, Huns in valley of,
363
Moravia, the Quadi in, 195 sq. ; Volcae
Tectosages in, 197; Roumanians in, 356
Moschianus, opposes Theodoric, 477
Mosella, of Ausonius, cited, 379
Moselle, River, Alemanni defeated on, 222 ;
prosperity in valley of, 379
Moses, the patriarch, Eusebius and the
chronology of, 583
Moses, abbot, and the purpose of the
monastic life, 525
Moxoene, 82
Mulvian bridge, Constantine at the, 4. See
also Saxa Rubra
Munderich, chief of the Visigoths, 214
Mundo, chieftain of freebooters, killed by
Theodoric, 451; defeats Roman force,
483
Mundzuk, father of Attila, 360
Murocincta, Justina and Valentinian II at,
231
Mursa, in Pannonia, 59; battle of, 61 sq. ,
65, 130
Muschegh, Armenian general, begs for
Roman intervention, 225; invades Persian
territory, 226
Muses, the, Julian revives worship of, 107
Mushel the Armenian, joins Romans, 482
Musonianus, praefect, negotiates with
Persia, 71
Mygdonius, River, 59
Mygdus, Procopius at, 220
at, 219; taken by Huns, 363; native
place of Constantius the patrician, 402;
occupied by Theodemir, 471
Nannienus, magister militum, in Gaul, 243,
256; in command at Argentaria, 234,
252
Narbonensis, invaded by Vandals, 266 ; in
part assigned to Goths, 279, 283, 404;
Ataulf in, 402 sq.
Narbonensis Secunda, Gothic rule in, 287
Narbonne, captured by Ataulf, 277, 402;
attacked by Theodoric I, 279; and Theo-
doric II, 282; Alaric II at, 286; marriage
of Ataulf and Placidia at, 399, 402 sq. ;
Visigoths attempt recapture of, 411;
ceded to Visigoths, 436
Naristi, Teutonic tribe, location of, 195,
197 sq. ; invade Roman provinces, 199
Narraga, River, crossed by Julian's army,
82
Narsai, Persian general, defeated, 464
Narses, 1
Nasua, leader of the Suebi, 189, 194
Nazarius, cited, 4
Neapolis, purple fabric trade of, 548
Nebridius, praefect of Gaul, 74; held &
prisoner by Procopius, 220
Nebul, Moorish prince, 228
Neckar, River, Suebi Nicretes on, 189; Ale-
manni driven beyond, 202; 209, 224;
361
Nectaridus, Roman commander, killed in
Britain, 223
Nectarius, Bishop of Constantinople, 152,
166, 492
Nedao, battle of, 420
Nemesius, Bishop of Emesa, writings of,
585
Nemetes, Teutonic tribe, settle in Gaul,
193, 195
Nennius, Historia Brittonum of, cited,
382 sq.
Neocaesarea, Council of, 154 ; meetings of
bishops at, 178; canons of, 179 sq. ;
Pap at, 225; and St Basil, 527
Neolithic Period, expansion of the Indo-
Germanic race during, 183
Neoplatonism, of Julian, 64, 78, 100, 105;
aspects of, 93 sq. ; 113; 568; Augustine
and, 579
Nepos, Julius, Emperor of the West, makes
peace with Euric, 283, 429; 395 ; rules
in Dalmatia, 425; made emperor, 429,
433, 474; fees to Ravenna, 429 ; assassi-
nated, 430, 436; at Salona, 433; 435 ;
begs help of Zeno, 436, 474; marriage,
474 ; Theodoric offers to restore, 476
Nepotianus, brother-in-law of Constantine,
22
Nepotianus, Flavius Popilius, nephew of
Constantine, 59
Nero, Emperor, 6, 27, 536
Nerses, Katholikos of Armenia, murdered,
231
Nervii, Teutonio tribe, 188
Naab, River, Naristi settled on, 197
Nacolia, Agilo leaves Procopius at, 221
Naharmalcha, canal joining Euphrates and
Tigris, 83
Naissus (Nisch), birthplace of Constantine,
2, 16, 58, 60; Julian at, 75; barbarians
defeated at, 206; Valentinian and Valens


## p. 735 (#765) ############################################

735
Narsai in, 464 ; 465 ; 482; Barsumas at,
515; school established at, 519; 526
Nisibis, Bishop of. See Jacobus
Nitria (Wady Natron), attack on monks of,
491; life of the hermits in, 522 sqq.
Nogai-Tartars, customs of, 336
Nola, Goths at, 273
Nonnus, Bishop of Edessa, returns to see,
514; attacks school of Edessa, 515
Nonnus, poet, Dionysiaca of, 569; com.
poses metric version of St John's Gospel,
570
Noricum, 31, 56; Teutons defeat the
Romans in, 192; 195 ; overrun by
Germans, 199; Vandals granted land
in, 264; Alaric in, 268; 270 ; Alaric de-
mands cession of, 271 sq. ; campaign of
Aëtius in, 410; raids of Rugii into, 420;
Odovacar in, 430; Theodoric kills Mundo
in, 451; 452
Normandy, early monasteries in, 534
Northamptonshire, 389
Northmen, the, 18
North Sea (Oceanus Germanicus), Germanio
settlements on coast of, 185 sq. , 191 note,
198, 202 note, 292, 295; Salian Franks
settled near, 296; 299; Magyars pene-
trate to, 356; ancient river-bed in, 367 ;
9
Index
Nestorians, 515; at Nisibis, 519
Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, con-
troversy connected with, 494 sqq. ;
character, 495, 503 ; teaching, 495, 498,
509 ; condemned by Council of Ephesus,
500 sq. ; his sufferings in exile, 502;
death, 503; 504 sqq. , 515; condemned
in the Henoticon, 517; honoured at
Nisibis, 519; 590
Nestus, River, barbarians defeated at, 205
Netherlands, the, home of the Kelts, 186;
pirates off the coast of, 223 ; Tulingi in,
284
Netze, River, 198
Neuchâtel, Lake of, 187
Neuss (Novaesium), refortified by Julian,
209 ; Quintinus at, 243, 256
Nevitta, officer of Julian, 75
Newcastle-on-Tyne (Pons Aelius), site of
Roman fort, 370; on Roman road, 377
Newport, 372
New Rome. See Constantinople
Nicaea, sacked by Goths, 204; military
council elects Valentinian at, 218 sq. ;
Procopius reaches, 220; Armatus at,
473; Longinus of Selinus put to death
at, 480; Constantine, count of Armenia,
at, 482 ; Council of Chalcedon first sum-
moned to meet at, 507
Nicaea, Council of, 10, 12 sqq. , 20; 120 sqq. ;
129, 138, 146 sq. , 150, 161, 165, 168, 171,
173, 175, 177, 179, 487 sq. ; canons of,
180 sq. , 504, 516
Nicaea, Creed of, given official form, 177 ;
accepted by disputing parties, 487; ac-
cepted by Council of Chalcedon, 509
Nicasius, Bishop of Rheims, slain by Van.
dals, 266
Nicomachus Flavianus, marriage diptych
of, 604
Nicomedia, persecution begins at, 2;
Maximin in, 6; rescript of Licinius
published at, ib. ; Licinius at, 8; 16;
Constantine dies at, 19, 23; Julian at,
63, 99 sq. ; 141 ; backed by Goths, 204 ;
Valentinian at, 219; taken by Rumitalca,
221; church built by Constantine at,
611
Nicomedia, Bishop of. See Eusebius of
Nicomedia
Nicopolis, attacked by Goths, 204; Ulfila
lives near, 212; 234; taken by barbarians,
237; captured by Vandals, 472
Niebelungenlied, the, 365, 398; Theodoric
the Great mentioned in, 452
Nigrinus, ringleader of revolt at Aquileia,
put to death, 77
Nike, 234
Nile, River, 16, 88; worship connected with,
91; 242; retreat of St Anthony near,
522; 523; transport of corn on, 551
Nisch. See Naissus
Nisibis, besieged by Persians, 57, 59; treat.
ment by Julian of, 80; surrendered to the
Persians, 85, 514; Ardaburius besieges
Saxon pirates on, 378; 385
Northumberland, Roman road in, 377
Northumbria, use of Runio alphabet on
monuments in, 386; special class of
priests in, ib.
Northumbrians, of Angle stock, 382
Norway, 16; Teutons in, 184
Notitia Dignitatum, cited, 296, 383
Novae. See Sistova
Novaesium. See Neuss
Novatian, anti-pope, 147
Novempopulana, Vandals pass through,
266; occupied by Goths, 283
Nuceria, Bishop of. See Laurentius
Nu'man of Al Hira, followers of, defeated
by Romans, 481
Numerian (M. Aurelius Numerianus), Em.
peror, 207
Numidia, 12; church councils for, 164 sq.
;
Vandal invasion of, 305, 410; Vandals
settled in, 306 sq. ; Cirtan part retained
by Rome, 307; south part conquered by
Moors, 314; part ceded to Vandals, 307,
411, 413; export trade of, 548
Nuptials of Mercury and Philology, The, of
Martianus Capella, 572
Nursia, birthplace of St Benedict, 536
Nydam, bog-deposits at, 385 sq.
Nyssa, Gregory expelled from, 139; re-
presented at Council of Constantinople,
141
Nyssa, Bishop of. See Gregory
Oak, Synod of the, 493
Oamer, Vandal prince, defeated by Moors.
314
Octavius, Emperor. See Augustus


## p. 736 (#766) ############################################

736
Index
9
Oder, River, Teutons early settled near,
183 sqq. ; 187, 207
Odessus, falls into the hands of Vitalianus,
485
Odiva. See Ovida
Odothaeus, leader of Greutungi, defeated,
243, 255
Odovacar, deposes Romulus, 284, 433 ;
obtains Sicily, 311; 313; 393; settle-
ment of, in Italy, 399; styled rex Heru-
lorum, 420; 422; at siege of Rome with
Ricimer, 428; made king by barbarians,
430, 433 sq. ; earlier career, 430; patricius
and rex, 431; kills Orestes, 430, 432 sqq. ;
titles by which known, 434; title of
patricius bestowed by Zeno or Nepos,
435, 474; recognised by Senate, ib. ;
exercises sovereign power, 436; relations
with the Church, ib. ; 437 sq. ; defeated
by Theodoric, 439, 479; treats with
Theodoric, 440; murdered, ib. ; 443,
445 sqq. ; and Illus, 478; 483
Odovacar, Saxon chief, defeated by Chil-
deric, 299
Offa, King of Mercia, 390
Offa, son of King Wermund, 384
Offenburg, 209 note
Oker, River, 187
Olbia, 190; plundered by barbarians, 203
Olives, Mount of, church built on, 609 sq.
Olybrius, Emperor of the East, Ricimer
resists the elevation of, 310; marries
Placidia, 424; 425; made emperor, 428,
433; death, ib.
Olybrius, consul, 454
Olympia, temple of, destroyed, 113
Olympiodorus, cited, 398 sq. , 402, 408
Olympius, chancellor of Honorius, intrigues
against Stilicho, 269; maladministration
of, 270 sq. ; 272
Olympius, duke of Mesopotamia, defeated
by Persians, 481
Olympus, Mt, the Goths cross, 260
Olympus, gods of, 90, 92, 109 sq.
Omsk, Kirghiz in the steppes of, 335
Onegesius, first minister to Attila, 365
Onesimus, Bishop of Ephesus, epistle of
Ignatius to, 146
Onoulf, magister militum of Illyricum,
assassinates Armatus, 473; succeeded
by Sabinianus, 475
On the Government of the World of Salvian,
577
Opitergium, destroyed by Germans, 199
Optatus, archdeacon at Carthage, 149
Optatus, Bishop of Milevis, cited, 158
Optatus, brother-in-law of Constantine, 59
Optatus, praefect of Constantinople, 113
Optila, murderer of Valentinian III, 419
Orange, Council of, 567
Orders, Holy, exempt from decurionate, 10 ;
a rush for, ib. ; restricted to the poor,
ib. ; these laws abrogated, 78, 103
Orestes, magister militiae, 396; career and
marriage, 429; marches on Rome, ib. ;
makes his son emperor, 430, 433 ; refuses
demands of barbarians, 430; killed, ib. ,
432 sq. , 435, 439
Orestes, praefect of Alexandria, and the
persecution of the Jews, 463, 494
Origen, theories of, 119, 585; 120 ; 127;
school of, 155; 162; connection with
Caesarea, 175; homilies of, translated
by Rufinus, 399; Theophilus attacks
followers of, 490; controversy concern.
ing, 492 ; 578
Orleans, Vandals at, 266; Huns at, 280,
416; Alaps settled near, 281, 413;
Aegidius victorious near, 282, 298, 425;
412
Orontes, River, 88
Orosius, Paulus, the Historia adversus
paganos of, 115, 576 sq. ; cited, 267, 394,
399, 402 sq. , 575; and Augustine, 576
Orpheus, cult of, 569; interpreted as type
of Christ, 598, 600
Osmans. See Turks
Osrhoene, church council held at, 164;
514; Monophysitism in, 519
Ostia, games in honour of Castor and Pollux
at, 114
Ostrogotha, King of the Ostrogoths, 214
Ostrogoths, 203, 205; at war with Uru.
gundi, 206, 210; great dominions of,
214; overpowered by Huns, 215, 231,
250 ; at battle of Hadrianople, 251; 253;
in Pannonia, 254; defeated by Promotus,
255; invade Italy, 265; settle in Italy,
276; march to help Alaric II, 286 ; and
Roman civilisation, 288; hold Sicily,
313; 314; 361; defeat Huns, 420;
defeat Sciri, ib. ; in Marcian's army,
423 ; 429; under Theodoric the Great,
437 sqq. ; in Thrace, 465, 468; raid
Illyricum, 469; Arianism of, 488
Ostrui, one of Aspar's guards, leads attack
on the palace, 471
Otricoli in Umbria, Heraclian defeated at,
402
Ouse, River (Yorkshire), 373
Ovida (Odiva), Count, assassinates Nepos,
436; defeated and slain, ib.
Oxfordshire, archaeological discoveries in,
388; and the West Saxons, 390
Oxus, River, Ephthalite horde in the basin
of, 328; type of nomads near, 353
Pacatus, cited, 242
Pachomius, St, founder of monachism in
Upper Egypt, 522 ; early life, 523; call,
ib. ; life in first monastery of, described,
524 sq. ; advantages of system of, 525;
St Benedict adapts system of, 525, 528;
nunneries founded by, 530; his Rule
translated by Jerome, 535
Padua, Venice founded by fugitives from,
417 note
Paemani, Teutonic tribe, 188
Paeonia, Macedonia opposes Rome in,
191


## p. 737 (#767) ############################################

Index
737
Palaemon, hermit, teacher of Pachomius,
523
Palaeologus, Michael. See Michael
Palatine Hill, buildings on the, 598; mosaic
in the palace on, 612
Palestine, council of bishops of, 164; con-
stant climate of, 326; rebellion of Count
Plintha in, 463 ; crusade against Origen-
ism in, 490; bishops of, at Council of
Chalcedon, 508; insurrection in, 512;
monastic life in, 526, 529; nuns in, 531
Palestine III, Roman province, Amru 'l Kais
in, 472
Palestine, Duke of, defeats and kills Justasa,
474
Palladius, Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus, his
description of the monks of Nitria, cited,
522 sq. ; life in Pachomian monastery
described, 524; 525; Lausiac History
of, 526, 528; cited, 530
Palladius, envoy to Leptis, 227; treachery
and suicide of, 228
Pamir Mts, 323; cattle-breeding in, 331 ;
340
Pamphilus, at Caesarea, 175
Pamphylia, 458
Pamprepius, philosopher, aids Illus, 113,
476 sqq. ; made quaestor, 476; put to
death, 479
Pancratius, ambassador from Leptis, 227 ;
death of, 228
Pannonia, Constantine in, 7; Goths settled
in, 20, 31; 56; occupied by Magnentius,
60; (Secunda), 64; Teutons traverse,
192 ; Boii reach, 195 ; overrun by bar-
barians, 199, 207, 213, 253; Valentinian
a native of, 218; misgovernment in, 227 ;
raid of Quadi in, 229 ; 234; devastated
by Goths, 237 ; 242; 252; colonies of
Ostrogoths in, 254 ; Alani migrate from,
264 ; 270; Ataulf leaves, 271; Franks
said to have come from, 293; Huns in,
360, 417; 429; taken by Theodoric,
451 ; Amal family in, 468; slave trade
in, 548
Panopolis (Akhmim), Nestorius takes refuge
at, 502 ; monasteries near, 524 ; nunnery
near, 530
Panormus, besieged by Gaiseric, 412
Pap, prince of Armenia, seeks protection of
the Romans, 225; is restored, 226; im.
prisoned, 231 ; killed, ib.
Paphlagonia, 527
Papinian (Aemilius Papinianus), jurist, 35 ;
Papirius, robber, 470
Paris (Lutetia), Julian winters in, 69 sq. ,
Passarovitz. See Margus
Patriciolus, general, defeats Persians, 482 ;
485
Patricius, son of Aspar, made Caesar, 470;
marries Leontia, ib. ; fall, 471
Patricius, magister militum in praesenti,
and the Persian War, 482 ; attempts to
appease the mob, 485; confers with
Vitalianus, ib.
Patricius, magister officiorum, candidate for
the throne, 473; put to death, ib.
Patricius, proclaimed king by the Jews, 63
Patrick, St, and the Irish Church, 533
Patzinaks, the, 349, 355, 357
Paul, St, and the early Church, 144 ;
Epistles of, cited, 144, 148, 150, 177,
521 ; commentators on, 155, 156; and
the Roman Church, 171 sqq. ; supposed
disciples of, 578; and the chronology of
the Bible, 583 ; 585, 592
Paul of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch, 13,
120, 180
Paul, slave of Zeno, attempts to assassinate
Illus, 475
Paul the notary, put to death, 78; 97
Paula, Roman lady, monasteries founded
by, 526; punneries founded by, 531 ;
friend of Jerome, 596
Paulianists, the, 179
Paulinus, Bishop of Antioch, 136
Paulinus, Bishop of Trier, exiled, 130
Paulinus of Pella, imperial procurator to
Attalus, 403
Paulinus, official, beheaded, 466
Paulus, brother of Orestes, killed at Ravenna,
430, 432, 434
Paulus, general, opposes the Goths, 283
Paulus Diaconus, cited, 358, 438, 447
Pautalia in Dardania, district offered to
Theodoric, 476
Pavia (Ticinum), Stilicho at, 265, 268;
Honorius at, 269; sacked by Huns, 417;
sacked Orestes and Odovacar succes-
sively, 434; Theodoric besieged in, 439;
monastery founded at, 532
Pavia (Ticinum), Bishops of. See Ennodius,
Epiphanius, Severus
Peak (Yorkshire), Roman fort built at, 379
Pegasius, Bishop, becomes a pagan, 110
Pelagians, condemned by Council of Ephe-
Pelagius, heretic, 498, 586
Pelagius, praetorian praefect, 436
Peloponnesus, the, overrun by Goths, 261,
457; attacked by Vandals, 310, 426
Peneus, River, Goths checked in valley of,
260, 456
Pentadius, sent as ambassador by Julian, 74
Pentapolis, 171 ; the Henoticon sent to, 516
Pergamum, 64
Perinthus, 17 sq. , 141; Goths threaten
251
Perkunia. See Fergunna
Perseus, last king of Macedonia, and the
Bastarnae, 191
sus, 501
;
89
attack on,
72 sqq. , 134; 209; Valentinian at, 222 sq. ;
Maximus at, 238; Vandals at, 266
Parnasus in Cappadocia, birthplace of
parent of Ulfila, 212
Parthenius, chamberlain to Domitian, 29
Parthians, the, 25
Paschasinus, Bishop, legate of Pope Leo at
Council of Chalcedon, 508
C. MED. H. VOL. I.
47


## p. 738 (#768) ############################################

738
Index
.
Persia, raises an “ Eastern Question," 22
sq. ; goes to war with Rome, 56 sq. , 62,
71; reopens war, 72; 78 sqq. ; attacked
by Julian, 81 sqq. ; treaty of Jovian with,
85; worship of Mithras in, 90 ; pagan
philosophers flee to, 114; 219; renews
war against Valens, 225 sq. ; negotiates,
231 ; Sapor III succeeds in, 238; annexes
part of Armenia, 240; prehistoric in-
habitants of, 329; greyhounds of, 340 ;
in the nineteenth century, 348; devas-
tated by Chinghiz Khan, 350; 361; Illus
applies for help to, 436; at war with
Rome, 464, 466; Marcian maintains peace
with, 468; invaded by Saragurs, 469;
defeated by Ephthalites, 478; and subject
tribes, 481 ; Hypatius ambassador in,
486 ; condition of Christians in, 519
Persia, Bishop of. See John the Persian
Persians, the, 18, 25, 57 sq. , 72, 74, 82; at
Ctesiphon, 83; at Maranga, 84 ; harass
Jovian, 85 ; 98, 201 ; form an alliance
with Euric, 284 ; 295; invade borders of
the Empire, 306; make peace with the
Romans, 315; hatred of the Altaians for,
343; and the Tartars, 347; allied with
Huns, 363; defeated by Romans, make
peace, 464; assist Illus, 478; take Amida,
481; 482; at the fort at Dara, 483; 514
Perthshire, Agricola advances into, 368
Pescennius Niger, usurper, 17
Pessinus, visited by Julian, 79 ; 80; temple
of Cybele at, 110
Peter, St, regarded as founder of Roman
Church, 171 sqq. , 505, 507 ; 608
Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, 140, 166
Peter, Bishop of Altinum, presides at trial
of Symmachus, 449
Peter, Bishop of Ravenna, forbids perse-
cution of the Jews, 453
Peter the Fuller, Bishop of Antioch, in-
trudes into see, 514 ; twice expelled, ib. ;
recalled, 515
Peter Mongus, Bishop of Alexandria, suc.
cession to see disputed, 516 ; influence
over Acacius of Constantinople, ib. ; and
the Henoticon, 517; excommunicated by
Simplicius, ib.
Peter of Zittau, chronicler, cited, 351
Petra in Arabia, Nestorius banished to,
502
Petronius, father-in-law of Valens, unpopu.
larity of, 220
Pettau. See Poetovio
Petulantes, the, summoned from Gaul, 72 sq.
Peucini, 205
Peutinger's chart, cited, 295
Pevensey (Anderida), fort repaired at, 379
Pfeffinger, Dr, 93
Pforzheim, possible route of Valentinian by,
224
Pharamond, son of Marcomir, legendary
king of the Franks, 293, 295
Pharrantsem, Queen of Armenia, captured
and slain by Sapor, 225
Philip, King of Macedonia, 17; negotiates
with Bastarnae, 190 sq.
Philippi, 16; early Church at, 144 ; Goths
at, 471
Philippopolis, Julian passes through, 77;
Eastern bishops withdraw to, 130; Council
of, 166; taken by Goths, 204 ; surrenders
to Aequitius, 221; Valens at, 250 ; 251 ;
taken by Huns, 363
Philippus, envoy of Constantius, 61
Philo the Jew, theories of, 118, 496
Philomelium, church of, 164
Philostratus, 89
Phisonites, customs of, 349
Phocas, refuses to accept Christianity, 113
Phoenicia, 88
Pholoe, plateau of, 262; Stilicho blockades
the oths at, 458
Phronemius, in command at Constanti.
nople, 220
Phrygia, church of, 164; march of Valens
into, 221; rebellion of Tribigild in, 262,
458; ancestors of the Franks driven
from, 293 ; 459
Piacenza, letter to a deacon of, cited, 161;
Ricimer defeats Avitus near, 422; Orestes
put to death at, 430
Picardy, early monasteries in, 534
Picenum, Goths at, 270, 273; 446
Picts, the, 58; oppose the Romans, 73;
defeated by Maximus, 238, 383 note;
driven out by Constans, 378
Pincian Hill, the, 448
Piraeus, the, seized by Alaric, 261
Piroz, King of Persia, and Leo I, 469
Pisidia, Tribigild's march through, 458
Pispir, St Anthony at, 522
Pithyusae, ceded to the Vandals, 311
Pitt-Rivers, General, excavations made by,
376
Pityus, sacked by Borani, 204 ; Chrysostom
at, 493
Placentia, Goths at, 270
Placidia, Galla, sister of Honorius, 270; de-
tained by Alaric, 273; marries Ataulf, 274,
277, 398 sqq. ; ill-treated by Sigerich, 278,
404; pious influence of, 396; historic
importance of, 397 sq. ; restored to
Rome, 404; married to Constantius, ib. ;
entitled Augusta, 405, 465; influence
over Honorius, 406; banished to Con-
stantinople, ib. ; 408; recalls Boniface,
409; and Aëtius, 411, 418; death, 418;
harmful education of Valentinian III,
419; returns to Italy, 465; and Pope
Leo, 506 ; mausoleum of, 610
Placidia, daughter of Valentinian III,
carried captive to Carthage, 308 sq. ;
421, 468; released, 310, 424, 468; 418;
marries Olybrius, 424
Placidus, St, 541
Plato, 93, 98, 100; Academy of, 114 ; 578
Plato, praefect of Constantinople, 484 ;
hostility of the mob to, 485
Plautianus, minister of Severus, 31


## p. 739 (#769) ############################################

Index
739
Plintha, Count, rebellion of, 463
Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Seoundus),
cited, 543, 593
Pliny the Younger (C. Plinius Caecilius
Secundus), correspondence with Trajan,
cited, 24 sq. , 551, 553 sq.
Plotinus, philosopher, 89, 94; and Neo-
platonism, 568; Enneads of, 572; and
daemon worship, 574; disciples of, 578
sq.
Plutarch, 575, 579
Pluto, Julian revives worship of, 107
Po, River, 61; Kelts in plains near, 186;
193 ; Aleman captives settled near, 224;
Alaric crosses, 270
Poemen, hermit, 160
Poetovio (Pettau), 60, 63; victory of
Theodosius at, 243, 256
Poitiers, Clovis at, 286 ; monastery at, 534
Poitiers, Bishops of. See Hilary, Venantius
Pola, 63
Poles, the, 357
Pollentia, battle of, 265, 460
Pollux. See Castor and Pollux
Polybius, historian, cited, 190
Polybius of Tralles, letter of Ignatius to,
146
Polycarp, St, 148; martyrdom of, 164
Pomerania, Teutons in, 187 ; 198
Pompeii, 374; wall-paintings of, 598;
musaic found at, 612
Pompeius, nephew of Anastasius, defeated,
483 ; his house burnt by the mob, 485
Pompey (Cn. Pompeius Magnus), 191, 410 ;
restoration of theatre of, 448
Pons Aelius. See Newcastle-on-Tyne
Pontes. See Staines
Pontus, 22 ; awarded to Constantius II, 56,
121, 136; and the question of Meletius,
141 ; 154 ; council of bishops of, 164;
slave-markets of, 348; Tzani raids in,
481; Chrysostom in, 493; bishops of, at
Council of Chalcedon, 508 ; 527
Porphyry, philosopher, 89, 94; and dae-
monological rites, 574
Porta Portuensis of Rome, Pope Leo I
meets Gaiseric at, 308
Portugal, Kelts in, 186. See also Lusitania
Portus, harbour seized by Alaric, 272;
Gaiseric lands at, 308; Glycerius captured
at, 429
Possidius, biographer of St Augustine, cited,
153
Praeses of the Thebaid, the, and Nestorius,
Praetextatus, Vettius Agarius, leader of
pagan party at Rome, 93, 110; promoted
by Valentinian II, 240; described in the
Saturnalia, 571; and treatment of slaves,
592 ; 594
Praetorian Guard, the, falls at Saxa Rubra,
4
Pranci, 295
Priam, King of Troy, and the Franks, 293
Priarius, barbarian king, slain, 234, 253
Pripet, River, 214
Priscilla, catacomb and cemetery of, 599 sq.
Priscus, Greek historian, cited, 297, 365,
395, 398; envoy to Attila, 363, 414 sqq.
Priscas, officer, takes prisoner Longinus of
Selinus, 480
Proba, Roman lady, introduces Christian
teaching into the Aeneid, 570
Probus, M. Aurelius, Emperor, drives
Germans out of Gaul, 202; and the Goths,
204, 206 sq. ; 210
Probus, praetorian praefect, fails to drive
back the barbarians, 229
Proclus, Bishop of Constantinople, 504
Proclus, Bishop of Cyzicus, controversial
sermon of, 498
Proclus the Lycian, and Neoplatonism, 568;
and daemonological rites, 574
Procopius, kinsman and general of Julian,
81 sqq. ; conducts the funeral of Julian,
86; seizes Constantinople, 138; receives
help from Goths, 213; takes refuge in
the Crimea, 219; obtains support at
Constantinople, 220; is betrayed and
executed, 221; Valentinian and, 222 sq. ;
225, 235
Procopius of Caesarea, historian, 1, 113 ;
accompanies expedition against Vandals
in Africa, 315; 316; cited, 385, 398, 409,
419, 423, 438, 454
Procopius, father of Anthemius, defeats the
Persians, 464
Procopius, brother of Marcian, joins
Theodoric, 476
Proculus, Bishop of Marseilles, 383 note
Profuturus, Roman officer, 233
Prohaeresius of Athens, Christian teacher,
104
Promotus, Roman general, slaughters tribe
of barbarians, 242 sq. , 255; rescues
Theodosius, 258; death, ib. ; 456
Propontis. See Marmora
Proserpine, 91
Protasius, discovery of body of, 581
Proterius, Bishop of Alexandria, unpopu.
larity of, 512; murdered, 613
Protogenes, 190
Provence, Goths seize part of, 283 sq. ;
Theodoric's forces take, 452; beginnings
of monachism in, 534
Provertides, Roman officer, sent to Britain,
223
Prudentius, Spanish poet, writings of, 585
Prudentius, Roman citizen of Tripolis,
315
Prusa in Bithynia, Vetranio retires to, 60;
sacked by Goths, 204
Prussians, early settlements of the, 184
Pruth, River, 190
Pseudo-Caesarius of Nazianzus, cited, 349
Psyche, symbol of the soul, 598, 600
Ptolemais, Bishop of. See Synesius
Ptolemies, the, character of rule of, 489
Ptolemy (Claudius Ptolomaeus), cited, 197,
294, 383
502 sq.
47-2


## p. 740 (#770) ############################################

740
Index
Pulcheria, sister of Theodosius II, regency
of, 396, 462 sqq. ; influence of, 398 ;
made Augusta, 462; characteristics, ib. ;
arranged marriage of Theodosius, 463 sq. ;
decline in infuence of, 465; returns to
court, 466; appoints Marcian emperor,
467 ; marries Marcian, ib. ; death, 468;
and Nestorius, 495, 499, 502; and the
Patriarch Flavian, 504; and Pope Leo,
505 sqq. ; and the Council of Chalcedon,
507, 510 sq. ; 517
Pusaeus, praefect, conducts trialof Isocasius,
472
Pyrenees Mts, 59; Cimbri cross, 192 ;
Franks cross, 202; check the advance of
the Vandals, 266; Constantine the
usurper passes, 267, 400; Theodoric II
crosses, 281; boundary of Gothic kingdom,
283 ; defence of, neglected by Romans,
304; Majorian crosses, 309; Ataulf
crosses, 403
Pythagoras, 570
Pytheas, cited, 202 note
Quadi, Teutonic tribe, 20, 67, 71; in
Moravia, 195 sqq. ; invade Roman
provinces, 199; subdued, 200; 207;
invade Pannonia, 213; make a raid
across the Danube, 229; invade Italy,
265; invade Gaul, 266; 361
Quaestiones of Ambrosiaster, cited, 155
Querolus, anonymous work, 572
Quinisextine council in Trullo, Eastern
Canon Law settled at, 181
Quintilius (M. Aurelius Claudius), brother
of Claudius, 206
Quintinus, magister militum, commands
in Gaul, 243; falls into an ambush,
256
433; Odovacar occupies, 434 sq. ; Odova-
car besieged in, 439; murder of Odovacar
at, 440; Theodoric's court at, 441 sqq. ;
aqueducts restored, 448; persecution of
Jews at, 453 ; 454; monastery founded
at, 532; mausoleum of Galla Placidia
at, 610
Ravenna, Bishops of. See John, Peter
Ravenna Geographer, the, cited, 373
Reading Museum, model of the basilican
church of Silchester at, 613
Reccared, King of the Visigoths, conversion
of, 177
Rechiar, King of the Suebi, 279; conquests
of, 413 sq. ; death, 414
Recognitions of Clement, cited, 608
Red Sea, the, 472
Reggio (Rhegium), 167; Alario at, 274;
burnt, 399
Rekitach, son of Theodoric, chief of Thra.
cian Goths, assassinated, 477
Religion, desire for a universal, 11 ; struggle
of rival cults, 89. See Christianity,
Christians, Church, Isis, Mithras
Remigius, Roman official, and the people
of Leptis, 227 ; suicide of, 228
Rendsburg, scene of traditional combat,
384; bog-deposit near, 385
Respendial, King of the Alani, defeats the
Franks, 266
Restaces, Bishop of Armenia, at the Council
of Nicaea, 13
Return from Exile of Rutilius Namatianus,
575
Rhaetia, 31, 65 sq. , 71, 75, 198; overrun
by Germans, 199; 200 sq. ; Valentinian
secures defence of, 224; raid of Juthungi
in, 241; barbarians migrate to, 264;
265; campaign of Aëtius in, 410; Ale-
manni settled in, 451 ; 452
Rhaetians, and the Roman Empire, 544;
Latin language modified by, 545
Rhea, Julian revives worship of, 107
Rhegium. See Reggio
Rheims, army in Gaul assembles at, 66 sq. ;
Valentinian at, 224 ; Vandals slay the
bishop of, 266
Rheims, Bishop of. See Nicasius
Rhesaina, attacked by Persians, 464
Rbine, River (and frontier of), 3, 16, 19,
31, 66 sqq. ; recovered by Julian, 69;
becomes frontier of the Empire, 70,
202; Keltic names near, 186; and the
Kelts, 187 and note; and the Teutons,
188 ; 190; Germanic tribes cross the,
192, 194; preserved as frontier by Caesar,
195; Germanic settlements on the, 198;
Alemanni on the, 201, 207, 252 sq. ;
improved defences of, 208 sq. ; pirates
on, 223; 224, 231, 234 sq. ; Maximus
reaches, 238; 243, 253, 256 ; tribes on,
do homage, 260; contest of Franks and
Vandals on, 266, 393; Huns cross, 280,
416 ; Istaevones located on, 292; Franks
on, 293 sqq. ; 298; Roman garrisons
Rabbulas (Rabbula), Bishop of Edessa, and
the Nestorian controversy, 498 ; Cyrillian
principles of, 514; Admonitions for Monks
of, 526; rules of, 527 sq. , 531
Radagaisus, leader of the barbarians, in-
vades Italy, 265, 358; is captured and
executed, ib. ; 407
Ragnachar, chief of the Salian Franks,
reigns at Cambrai, 299
Rainas, Reinas, Rēnos, ancient names of
the Rhine, 186 note
Rando, prince of the Alemanni, 224
Ratae, See Leicester
Ratiaria, fort of, taken by Huns, 362
Rausimod, King of the Goths, defeated and
slain, 7, 211
Ravenna, Alemanni reach, 201; mutiny at,
268; death of Stilicho at, 269 ; 270 sq. ;
Honorius at, 272, 399, 401, 494 ; siege
of, 273; 275, 364; orthodoxy at court
of, 395 sq. ; Placidia and court of, 396 sq. ,
405 sq. ; usurpation of John at, 407;
Felix murdered at, 410; Glycerius made
emperor at, 428; Nepos flees to, 429 ;
Paulus killed at, 430 ; 431 ; Orestes at,


## p. 741 (#771) ############################################

Index
741
withdrawn from, 299; various Frankish
kingdoms on, 300; 361, 370; intercourse
with Colchester, 377; 379; 400 sqq. ;
Franks driven back across, 410; 411;
Alemanni on, 413
Rhodanius, Bishop of Toulouse, exiled, 131
Rhodes, Island, marauders driven from, 470
Rhodope, Mt, 16; Saturninus retreats to,
233
Rhone, River, 187; Teutons reach valley
of, 192; 195; 238, 267 ; military road
to, 277; boundary of Gothic kingdom,
283; Goths extend limits beyond river,
284
Rhydderch Hen, British king at Dumbarton,
391
Rialto, 417 note
Richborough (Rutupiae), Theodosius lands
at, 223; 370; communication with the
Continent through, 377
Richmond, Cook collection at, 601 sq.
Richomer, Roman officer, sent against the
Goths, 233 sq. , 250; against the Sara-
cens, 238; against Maximus, 243; friend
of Eugenius, 246, 258; brings news of
defeat at Hadrianople, 251
Ricimer, magister militum, defeats the
Vandals, 309, 422; causes deposition of
Majorian, 310, 424 ; 393 sq. ; Arianism
of, 395 ; 396 sq. ; patriciate of, 399; 419;
supported by German tribes, 420; descent,
422; character and policy, ib. ; defeats
Avitus, ib. ; made patricius, 423; makes
Severus emperor, 424; 425; marries
daughter of Anthemius, 426; revolt of,
427 sq. ; takes Rome, 428; makes Olybrius
emperor, ib. ; death, ib. ; review of work,
ib. ; 430, 433, 443; and Leo I, 470
Rimini (Ariminum), Council of bishops of
the West at, 126, 133, 166; Goths at,
270 sqq. ; fight between Boniface and
Aëtius at, 410; Theodorio seizes, 439
Ripa Gothica, the, assigned to Dalmatius,
55 ; passes to Constans, 56
Ripuarian Franks, early history of, 299;
contest with Alemanni, 300 ; absorption
of, ib. ; under Attila, 361, 364
Robber Council (Latrocinium). See Ephesus
Robur, fortress near Basel, 229
Rochester (Durobrivae), possibly site of
Romano-British town, 373
Rogaland, 185
Rogerius, Canon of Varad, cited, 359
Roman Empire. See Empire
Romans, the, 17 sq. , 25 sq. , 31, 58, 66; at
Ctesiphon, 83; in retreat, 85; early
Teutons known to, 183; oppose advance
of the Teutons, 192, 195 ; Marbod seeks
protection of, 196; take Noricum, 197;
drive back the barbarians, 199 sqq. ;
defeated by Goths, 204; fortify Rhine
frontier, 210; and Danubian frontier,
213; defeat the barbarians, 222, 224;
229; at war with Goths (377), 233, 250 sq. ;
victorious in Gothic war, 236 sq. , 253;
massacre the Goths, 252; treat with the
Goths, 254, 401 ; defeat Odothaeus, 255 ;
in Thessalonica, 257; at the battle of
Pollentia, 265; superseded in Spain, 268;
relations with the Teutons, 275 sqq. , 283;
defeated at Toulouse, 279; under Gothic
rule, 287, 289; injurious effects on Goths
of, 288; defeated by Clodion, 297 ; lose
southern Spain, 305 ; and the Vandals
in Africa, 306 sqq. ; 409; victorious at
Agrigentum, 309; under Vandalic rule
in Africa, 316 sqq. ; and the Huns,
362 sqq. ; 466 sq. ; at Attila's court,
365 sq. ; in Britain, 368 sqq. ; abandon
Britain, 379 sqq. ; 384; decrease of
population among, 393; ally themselves
with Teutons, 398; 399; attack Visi.
goths, 411; lose the provinces, 413 sq. ;
defeat Attila, 416; 417; disown Avitus,
422; and Theodoric the Great, 440 sq. ;
hold all offices under Theodoric, 442;
and taxation, 446; and corn-supply,
447; displease Theodoric, 453; 454; and
Persian war, 464, 466, 482; and Saragurs,
469; and the kings of Lazica, ib. ; 478;
malcontents join Isaurian revolt, 480;
and the Bulgarians, 483; 575; wealth
of, 594 sq.
Romanus, Count, and the citizens of Leptis,
227; infamy of, 228
Romanus, duke of Palestine, recovers Jotaba,
481
Roman Wall, of Antoninus Pius, built,
of Hadrian, built, 368; 369,
369;
377 sq.
Rome (the City), 1; Maxentius in, 4; Con-
stantine in, 15 sq. ; 27 sqq. , 32 sq. , 43,
49 sqq. , 56, 59; Constantius in, 67; as
seat of learning, 88; Oriental religions
at, 89; 97; a stronghold of paganism,
114; disendowment of pagan priesthood
at, 115 sq. ; 140; growing influence of
clergy in, 153; Christian churches in,
158; Polycarp at, 164; triumph of
M. Aurelius at, 200; Gratian and the
pagans of, 238; taken by Maximus, 243;
altar of victory restored at, 246; famine
threatens, 263; fortified against bar.
barians, 264; Alaric threatens, 265;
267 sq. ; besieged by Goths, 270 sq. ;
Alaric in, 272, 392 ; sack of, 273 sq. ,
365, 379; Frankish prince in, 297;
plundered by Vandals, 308, 421, 468;
364; 374 sq. ; Gregory sees the English
slaves at, 390; after the sack, 399; corn-
supply stopped, 402; supremacy of Aëtius
in, 410; 415; embassy to Attila sent
from, 417; Avitus at, 422; Majorian and
the ancient monuments of, 423; trial of
Arvandus at, 427; taken by Ricimer,
428; Nepos at, 429; 431, 433; formal
entry of Odovacar, 435; statues of Zeno
set up in, 436; 438; power of the Senate
in, 444; ancient buildings restored by
Theodoric, 448; spread of monasticism


## p. 742 (#772) ############################################

742
Index
in, 531; St Benedict in, 536; first Bene-
dictines in, 541; 545; food-supplies of,
551 sq. ; pagan worship in, 569; and
pagan education, 571; gladiatorial games
at, 594; charitable institutions in, 595;
art of, 598; catacombs of, 599 sq. ; ivories
carved in, 605; temples at, 608; early
Christian churches at, 611
Rome (the State), 18, 20, 24, 57, 72, 77 sq. ,
85; decay of pagan religions in, 87;
Eastern influence on, 89 sqq. ; 103,
108 sqq. ; fall of, 170; and Macedonia,
191; and Noricum, 197; 205, 217, 219,
224; reopens war with Persia, 225; pro-
tects Armenia, 226; negotiates with
Persia, 231; subjection of the Goths to,
236 sq. ; annexes part of Armenia, 240;
248; connexion with Gothic kingdom,
281 sq. ; Salian Franks assert their
independence of, 296; 299; resigns
Africa to the Vandals, 307, 309 ; 367 sq. ;
northern limit reached, 369; system of
government in Britain, 371 sqq. ; recog-
nises Carausius, 377; influence of, 397;
cedes Auvergne to the Visigoths, 433;
Odovacar observes system of, 436; Theo:
doric observes system of, 441 sq. ; faith
in the destiny of, 574 sqq. ; new laws on
slavery in, 593. See Empire
Rome, Christian church in. Council (313),
12; represented at Council of Nicaea, 13;
council (340), 129; 141; organisation,
150 sqq. ; importance of deacons, 154 sq. ;
presbyters, 155; parish clergy, 159 ;
161 sq. , 166; growth in importance of
the bishop, 167, 169; early pre-eminence,
171 sq. ; precedence of, recognised, 173 sq.