40), where, upon refer- / first Praetor
Peregrinus
at Rome (Dicl.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
p.
140, 24.
)
(W. B. D. )
Padua, 1754 ; Galland. Biblioth. Patrum, vol. xi. , É. FALCI'DIUS, tribune of the plebs in B. C.
Proleg. c. 13. )
(J. C. M. ] 40, was the author of the Lex Falcidia de Legatis,
FA'DIA. 1. A daughter of Q. Fadius Gallus. which remained in force in the sixth century A. D. ,
She was fraudulently robbed of her paternal in- since it was incorporated by Justinian in the In:
heritance by P. Sextilius Rufus. (Cic. de Fin. ii. stitutes. It is remarkable that Dion Cassius
17, &c. )
(xlviii. 33). mistakes its import. He says that the
2. A daughter of C. or Q. Fadius, married to heres, if unwilling to take the hereditas, was
the triumvir M. Antonius, at the time when he allowed by the Falcidian law to refuse it on taking
was yet a young man. She bore him several | a fourth part only. But the Lex Falcidia enacted
children. (Cic. Philipp. ï. 2, xiii. 10, ad Att. xvi. that at least a fourth of the estate or property of
11. )
(L. S. ) the testator should be secured to the heres scriptus.
FADILLA. 1. Aurelia Fadilla, a daughter (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Legatum. ) The Falcidius
of Antoninus Pius and Faustina. (Eckhel, vol. vü. mentioned by Cicero in his speech for the Mani-
lian law (19), had the praenomen Caius. He
2. Fadilla, a daughter of M. Aurelius and the had been tribune of the people and legatus, but in
of his sae
to expose
and brand bad
I thyrsus, in his
oraetorn
16. 20). Both
-c. ) and Tzs
to drath all the
s might be
bullus, lend
jers of Vitebas
ers in the BEST
Ne, No 9), aber
espasian. (Txis
(W. B DJ
held in the sun
Discopus Hersa
ropria bred about
When Jade
ondemning, le che
2; ? d, the dust
estia ; and 3d,
Eshop of Cypress
all who appovreda
mant, as it
council of Cubao
prelates that he
rious were ons
em, lhes and There
Irom which the band
as one of those !
s requested by
Je other bisborg
of the Council ca
med by ecclesiasta
on which its jest
and was
p. 38. )
K 3
## p. 134 (#150) ############################################
134
FALCONIA.
FALISCUS
3
what year is unknown. (Schol. Gronov. pro Leg. | Patrum, Lugdun. 1677, vol. v. p. 1218 ; Isidor.
Man. 19. ed. Orelli).
[W. B. D. ] Orig. i. 38, 25, de Script. Eocles. 5. ) (W. R. )
FALCO, Q. SOʻSIUS, a Roman of high birth FA'LCULA, C. FIDICU'LANIUS, a Roman
and great wealth, consul for the year a. D. 193, senator, was one of the judices at the trial of Sta-
one of those whom Commodus had resolved to put | tius Albius Oppianicus, who in B. C. 74 was accused
to death that very night on which he hiinself was of attempting to poison his step-son, A. Cluentius.
alnin. When the Praetorians became disgusted The history of this remarkable trial is giren else-
with the reforms of Pertinax, they endearoured to where (CLUENTIUS). Falcula was involved in the
force the acceptance of the throne upon Falco, and general indignation that attended the conviction of
actually proclaimed him emperor. The plot, how- Oppianicus. The majority of judices who con-
ever, failed, and many of the ringleaders were put denned Oppianicus was very small
. Falcula was
to death ; but Falco, whose guilt was by no means accused by the tribune, L. Quintius, of having been
proved, and who was even believed by many to be illegally balloted into the concilium by C. Verres,
entirely innocent, was spared, and, retiring to his at that time city praetor, for the express purpose of
property, died a natural death. (Dion Cass. Ixxii. convicting Oppianicus, of voting out of his proper
22, lxxiii. 8 ; Capitolin. Pertin. 8. ) (W. R. ] decuris, of giving sentence without hearing the
CALCONIA PROBA, a poetess, greatly ad- evidence, of omitting to apply for an adjournment
mired in the middle ages, but whose real name, of the proceedings, and of receiving 40,000
and the place of whose nativity, are uncertain. We sesterces as a bribe from the prosecutor, A.
find her called Flatoniu Veccia, Fultonia Anicia, Cluentius.
Valeria Fultonia Proba, and Prola Valeria ; while He was, however, acquitted, since his trial did
Rome, Orta, and sundry other cities, claim the not take place until after the excitement that fol-
honour of her birth. Most historians of Roman lowed the Judicium Albianum had in some measure
literature maintain that she was the noble Anicia subsided. But eight years later, B. c. 66, Falcula
Faltonia Proba, the wife of Olybrius Probus, was again brought to public notice by Cicero, in
otherwise called Hermogenianus Olybrius, whose his defence of Cluentius. After recapitulating the
name appears in the Fasti as the colleague of circumstances of the Judicium Albianum, Cicero
Ausonius, A. D. 379 ; the mother of Olybrius and asks, if Falcula were innocent, who in the con-
Probinus, whose joint consulate has been celebrated cilium at Oppianicus's trial could be guilty ? an
by Claudian ; and, according to Procopius, the equivocal plea that inferred without asserting the
traitress by whom the gates of Rome were thrown guilt of Falcula, in B. C. 74. In his defence of
open to Alaric and his Goths. But there seems to A. Caecina, in B. C. 69, Cicero ushers in the
be no evidence for this identification ; and we name of Falcula, a witness against the accused,
must fall back upon the testimony of Isidorus, with with ironical pomp, and proceeds to point out gross
whose words, “ Proba uxor Adelfii Proconsulis," inconsistencies in Falcula's evidence. Great un-
our knowledge begins and ends, unless we attach certainty is thrown over the history of Falcula by
weight to a notice found at the end of one of the the circumstance that it suited Cicero, from whose
MS. copies written in the tenth century, quoted by speeches alone we know any thing of him, to re-
Montfaucon in his Diarium Italicum (p. 36), present at different times, in different lights, the
“Proba uxor Adolphi mater Olibrii et Aliepii cum Judicium Albianum. When Cicero was pleading
Constantii bellum adversus Magnentium conscrip- against C. Verres, Oppianicus was unjustly con-
sisset, conscripsit et hunc librum. ”
demned, and Falcula was an illegal corrupt judge ;
The only production of Falconia now extant is when he defended Cluentius, it was necessary to
a Cento Virgilianus, inscribed to the Emperor Ho- soften the details of the Albianum Judicium ;
norius, in terms which prove that the dedication when he spoke for Caecina, it was his interest to
must have been written after a. D. 393, containing direct public feeling against Falcula. (Cic. pro
narratives in hexameter verse of striking events in Cluent. 37, 41, pro Caecin. 10 ; Pseudo-Ascon. in
the Old and New Testament, expressed in lines, Act. I. Verr. p. 146 ; Schol. Gronov. in Act. I. in
half lines, or shorter portions of lines derived ex- Verr. p. 396. ed. Orelli. )
(W. B. D. )
clusively from the poems of Virgil, which are com- FALISCUS, GRA'TIUS, the author of a poem
pletely exhausted in the process. Of course no upon the chase, of whom only one undoubted
praise, except what is merited by idle industry and notice is to be found in ancient writers. This is
clever dulness, is due to this patch-work ; and we contained in the Epistles from Pontus (iv. 16, 33),
cannot but marvel at the gentle terms employed where Ovid speaks of him as a contemporary in
by Boccacio and Henry Stephens in reference to the same couplet with Virgil:-
such trash. We learn from the prooemium that she
had published other pieces, of which one upon the
“ Tityrus antiquas et erat qui pasceret herbas,
civil wars is particularly specified, but of these no
Aptaque venanti Gratius arma daret. "
trace remains. The Homerocentones, by some (Comp. Cyneget. 23. ) Some lines in Manilius
ascribed to Falconia, belong in reality to Eu have been supposed to allude to Gratius, but the
doxia.
terms in which they are expressed (Astron. ii. 43)
The Cento Virgilianus was first printed at Ve are too vague to warrant such a conclusion.
nice, fol. 1472, in a volume containing also the Wernsdorf, arguing from the name, has endea-
Epigrams of Ausonius, the Consolatio ad Liviam, voured, not without some shadow of reason, to
the pastorals of Calpurnius, together with some prove that he must have been a slave or a freed-
hymns and other poems ; this was followed, in the man, but the rest of his conjectures are mere fan-
same century, by the editions published at Rome, tasies. The cognomen, or epithet, Faliscus, was
4to. 1481; at Antwerp, 4to. 1489, and at Brixia, first introduced by Barth, on the authority of a
8vo. 1496. The most elaborate are those of Mei- MS. which no one else ever saw, and probably
bomius, Helmst. 4to. 1597, and of Kromayer, Hal. originated in a forced and false interpretation of
Magd. 8vo. 1719. (See also the Bibliotheca Max. one of the lines in the poem, " At contra nostris
## p. 135 (#151) ############################################
FALTO.
FANGO.
135
imbellia lina Faliscis” (v.
40), where, upon refer- / first Praetor Peregrinus at Rome (Dicl. of Ant.
ring to the context, it will at once be seen that 8. v. Practor). The occasion for a second praetor-
nostris here denotes merely Italian, in contradis- ship was, that the war with Carthage required two
tinction to the various foreign tribes spoken of in commanders, and A. Postumius Albinus, one of the
the preceding verses.
consuls for the year B. c. 242, being at the time
The work itself, which consists of 540 hexame- priest of Mars, was forbidden by the Pontifex
ters, is entitled Cynegeticon Liber, and professes to Maximus to leave the city. Falio was second in
set forth the apparatus (arına) necessary for the command of the feet which, in that year, the last
sportsman, and the manner in which the various of the first Punic war, the Romans dispatched un-
requisites for the pursuit of game are to be procured, der C. Lutatius Catulus (Catulus) against the
prepared, and preserved (artes armorum). Among Carthaginians in Sicily. After Catulus had been
the arma of the hunter are included not only nets, disabled by a wound at the siege of Drepanum, the
gins, snarcs (retia, pedicae, laquei), darts and spears active duties of the campaign devolved on Falto.
(jacula, venabula), but also horses and dogs, and a His conduct at the battle of the Aegates so much
large portion of the undertaking (vv. 150—430) is contributed to the victory of the Romans that, on
devoted to a systematic account of the different the return of the fleet, Falto demanded to share the
kinds of hounds and horses.
triumph of Catulus. His claim was rejected, on
The language of the Cynegetica is pure, and not the ground that an inferior officer had no title to
unworthy of the age to which it belongs ; but the recompense of the chief in conimand. The
there is frequently a harshness in the structure of dispute was referred to arbitration; and the arbiter,
the periods, a strange and unauthorised use of Atilius Calatinus, decided against Falto, alleging
particular words, and a general want of distinct- that, as in the field the consul's orders took prece-
ness, which, in addition to a very corrupt text, dence of the practor's, and as the praetor's auspices,
render it a task of great difficulty to determine the in case of dispute, were always held inferior to the
exact meaning of many passages. Although con- consul's, so the triumph was exclusively a consular
siderable skill is manifested in the combination of distinction. The people, however, thought that
the parts, the author did not possess sufficient Falto merited the honour, and he accordingly
power to overcome the obstacles which were tri- triumphed on the 6th of October, B. C. 241. Falto
umphantly combated by Virgil. . The matter and was consul in B. C. 239. (Liv. Epit. xix. ; Fast.
arrangement of the treatise are derived in a great Capit. ; Val. Max. i. 1. & 2, ii. 8. 8 2. )
measure from Xenophon, although information was 2. P. VALERIUS Q. F. P. N. Falto, brother of
drawn from other ancient sources, such as Dercy- the preceding, was consul in B. C. 238. The Boian
lus the Arcadian, and Hagnon of Boeotia. It is Gauls, after having been at peace with Rome for
remarkable, that both the Greek Oppianus, who nearly half a century, in this year resumed hosti-
flourished probably under Caracalla, and the Roman lities, and formed a league with their kindred
Nemesianus, the contemporary of Numerianus, tribes on the Po, and with the Ligurians. Falto
arrogate to themselves the honour of having en- was despatched with a consular army against them,
tered upon a path altogether untrodden. Whether but was defeated in the first battle with great loss.
we believe them to be sincere and ignorant, or sus- The senate, on the news of his defeat, ordered one
pect them of deliberate dishonesty, their bold of the praetors, M. Genucius Cipus (Cipus), to
assertion is sufficient to prove that the poem of march to his relief. Falto, however, regarded this
Faliscus had in their day become almost totally as an intrusion into his province, and, before the
unknown.
reinforcement arrived, attacked the Boians a second
The Cynegetica has been transmitted to modern time and routed them. But on his return to Rome
times through the medium of a single MS. , which he was refused a triumph, not merely on account
was brought from Gaul to Italy by Actius Sanna- of his defeat, but because he had rashly ſought
zarius about the beginning of the sixteenth century, with a beaten army without awaiting the arrival of
and contained also the Cynegetics of Nemesianus, the praetor. (Zonar. viii. 18 ; Oros. iv. 12. )
and the Halieutics ascribed to Ovid. A second 3. M. Valerius Falto, one of the envoys sent
copy of the first 159 lines was found by Janus by the senate, B. C. 205, to Attalus I. king of Per-
Ulitius appended to another MS. of the Halieutics. gamus. Their mission was to fetch the Idaean
The Editio Princeps was printed at Venice, 8vo. mother to Italy, according to an injunction of the
February, 1534, by Aldus Manutius, in a volume, Sibylline Books. Falto was of quaestorian rank
containing also the Halieutica of Ovid, the Cyne- at this time, but the date of his quaestorship is not
getica and Carmen Bucolicum of Nemesianus, the known. On the return of the envoys to Rome
Bucolica of Calpurnius Siculus, together with the Falto was sent forward to announce the message of
Venatio of Hadrianus ; and reprinted at Augsburg the Delphic oracle, which they had consulted on
in the July of the same year. The best editions their journey, to the senate—“ The best man in
are those contained in the Poetae Latini Minores the state must welcome the goddess or her repre-
of Burmann (vol. i. Lug. Bat. 1731), and of sentative on her landing. " (Liv. xxix. 11. ) Falto
Wemsdorf, vol. i. p. 6, 293, ii. p. 34, iv. pt. ii. was one of the curule aediles, B. C. 203, when a
p. 790, 806, v. pt. iii
. p. 1445), whose prolegomena supply of Spanish grain enabled those magistrates
embrace all the requisite preliminary information. to sell corn to the poor at a sesterce the bushel.
A translation into English verse with notes, and (xxx. 26. ) Falto was praetor B. C. 201. His pro-
the Latin text, by Christopher Wase, was pub- vince was Bruttium, and two legions were allotted
lished at London in 1654, and a translation into to him. (xxx. 40, 41. )
[W. B. D. ]
German, also metrical, by S. E. G. Perlet, at FANGO, or PHANGO, C. FUFI'CIUS, ori-
Leipzig, in 1826.
(W. R. ) ginally a common soldier, and probably of African
FALTO, the name of a family of the Valeria blood, whom Julius Caesar raised to the rank of
gens.
When, in B. c. 40, Octavianus annexed
1. Q. VALERIUS Q. F. P. n. Falto, was the Numidia and part of the Roman Africa to his share
senator.
K 4
## p. 136 (#152) ############################################
136
FANNIUS.
PANNIUS.
of the triumviral provinces, he appointed Fango bis germanus of Titinius, and had some transactions
prefect. But his title in Numidia was opposed by with C. Verres in B. C. 84. (Cic. in Verr. i. 49. )
T. Sextius, the prefect of M. Antonius. They ap- 3. M. FANNIUB, was one of the judices in the
pealed to arms, and after mutual defeats and victo case (Quaestio de Sicariis) of Sex. Roscius of
ries, Fango was driven into the hills that bounded Ameria, in B. C. 80. (Cic. pro Ser. Rosc. 4; Schol.
the Roman province to the north-west. There, Gronov. ad Roscian. p. 427, ed. Orelli. )
mistaking the rushing of a troop of wild buffaloes 4. L. FANNIUS and L. Magius served in the
for a night attack of Numidian horse, he slew him- army of the legate Flavius Fimbria, in the war
self. (Dion Cass. xlviii. 22—24; Appian, B. C. against Mithridates, in B. C. 84 ; but they deserted
v. 26. ) In Cicero's epistles to Atticus (xiv. 10. ), and went over to Mithridates, whom they per-
Frangones is probably a misreading for Fangones, suaded to enter into negotiations with Sertorius in
and refers to C. Fuficius. (W. B. D. ] Spain, through whose assistance he might obtain
FA'NNIA. 1. A woman of Minturnae, of bad the sovereignty of Asia Minor and the neighbour-
repute. C. Titinius married her, nevertheless, ing countries. Mithridates entered into the scheme,
because she had considerable property. Soon after and sent the two deserters, in B. c. 74, to Sertorius
he repudiated her for her bad conduct, and at the to conclude a treaty with him. Sertorius promised
same time attempted to rob her of her dowry. C. Mithridates Bithynia, Paphlagonia, Cappadocia,
Marius, who was to decide between them, requested and Gallograecia, as rewards for assisting him
Titinius to restore the dowry; but when this was against the Romans. Sertorius at once sent M.
refused, C. Marius pronounced sentence, declaring Varius to serve Mithridates as general, and L.
the woman guilty of adultery, but compelling her Fannius and L. Magius accompanied him as his
husband to restore her dowry, because he had mar- councillors. On their advice Mithridates began
ried the woman although he knew what she was. his third war against the Romans. In consequence
The woman gratefully remembered the service thus of their desertion and treachery Fannius and
done to her, and, when Marius, in B. C.
(W. B. D. )
Padua, 1754 ; Galland. Biblioth. Patrum, vol. xi. , É. FALCI'DIUS, tribune of the plebs in B. C.
Proleg. c. 13. )
(J. C. M. ] 40, was the author of the Lex Falcidia de Legatis,
FA'DIA. 1. A daughter of Q. Fadius Gallus. which remained in force in the sixth century A. D. ,
She was fraudulently robbed of her paternal in- since it was incorporated by Justinian in the In:
heritance by P. Sextilius Rufus. (Cic. de Fin. ii. stitutes. It is remarkable that Dion Cassius
17, &c. )
(xlviii. 33). mistakes its import. He says that the
2. A daughter of C. or Q. Fadius, married to heres, if unwilling to take the hereditas, was
the triumvir M. Antonius, at the time when he allowed by the Falcidian law to refuse it on taking
was yet a young man. She bore him several | a fourth part only. But the Lex Falcidia enacted
children. (Cic. Philipp. ï. 2, xiii. 10, ad Att. xvi. that at least a fourth of the estate or property of
11. )
(L. S. ) the testator should be secured to the heres scriptus.
FADILLA. 1. Aurelia Fadilla, a daughter (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Legatum. ) The Falcidius
of Antoninus Pius and Faustina. (Eckhel, vol. vü. mentioned by Cicero in his speech for the Mani-
lian law (19), had the praenomen Caius. He
2. Fadilla, a daughter of M. Aurelius and the had been tribune of the people and legatus, but in
of his sae
to expose
and brand bad
I thyrsus, in his
oraetorn
16. 20). Both
-c. ) and Tzs
to drath all the
s might be
bullus, lend
jers of Vitebas
ers in the BEST
Ne, No 9), aber
espasian. (Txis
(W. B DJ
held in the sun
Discopus Hersa
ropria bred about
When Jade
ondemning, le che
2; ? d, the dust
estia ; and 3d,
Eshop of Cypress
all who appovreda
mant, as it
council of Cubao
prelates that he
rious were ons
em, lhes and There
Irom which the band
as one of those !
s requested by
Je other bisborg
of the Council ca
med by ecclesiasta
on which its jest
and was
p. 38. )
K 3
## p. 134 (#150) ############################################
134
FALCONIA.
FALISCUS
3
what year is unknown. (Schol. Gronov. pro Leg. | Patrum, Lugdun. 1677, vol. v. p. 1218 ; Isidor.
Man. 19. ed. Orelli).
[W. B. D. ] Orig. i. 38, 25, de Script. Eocles. 5. ) (W. R. )
FALCO, Q. SOʻSIUS, a Roman of high birth FA'LCULA, C. FIDICU'LANIUS, a Roman
and great wealth, consul for the year a. D. 193, senator, was one of the judices at the trial of Sta-
one of those whom Commodus had resolved to put | tius Albius Oppianicus, who in B. C. 74 was accused
to death that very night on which he hiinself was of attempting to poison his step-son, A. Cluentius.
alnin. When the Praetorians became disgusted The history of this remarkable trial is giren else-
with the reforms of Pertinax, they endearoured to where (CLUENTIUS). Falcula was involved in the
force the acceptance of the throne upon Falco, and general indignation that attended the conviction of
actually proclaimed him emperor. The plot, how- Oppianicus. The majority of judices who con-
ever, failed, and many of the ringleaders were put denned Oppianicus was very small
. Falcula was
to death ; but Falco, whose guilt was by no means accused by the tribune, L. Quintius, of having been
proved, and who was even believed by many to be illegally balloted into the concilium by C. Verres,
entirely innocent, was spared, and, retiring to his at that time city praetor, for the express purpose of
property, died a natural death. (Dion Cass. Ixxii. convicting Oppianicus, of voting out of his proper
22, lxxiii. 8 ; Capitolin. Pertin. 8. ) (W. R. ] decuris, of giving sentence without hearing the
CALCONIA PROBA, a poetess, greatly ad- evidence, of omitting to apply for an adjournment
mired in the middle ages, but whose real name, of the proceedings, and of receiving 40,000
and the place of whose nativity, are uncertain. We sesterces as a bribe from the prosecutor, A.
find her called Flatoniu Veccia, Fultonia Anicia, Cluentius.
Valeria Fultonia Proba, and Prola Valeria ; while He was, however, acquitted, since his trial did
Rome, Orta, and sundry other cities, claim the not take place until after the excitement that fol-
honour of her birth. Most historians of Roman lowed the Judicium Albianum had in some measure
literature maintain that she was the noble Anicia subsided. But eight years later, B. c. 66, Falcula
Faltonia Proba, the wife of Olybrius Probus, was again brought to public notice by Cicero, in
otherwise called Hermogenianus Olybrius, whose his defence of Cluentius. After recapitulating the
name appears in the Fasti as the colleague of circumstances of the Judicium Albianum, Cicero
Ausonius, A. D. 379 ; the mother of Olybrius and asks, if Falcula were innocent, who in the con-
Probinus, whose joint consulate has been celebrated cilium at Oppianicus's trial could be guilty ? an
by Claudian ; and, according to Procopius, the equivocal plea that inferred without asserting the
traitress by whom the gates of Rome were thrown guilt of Falcula, in B. C. 74. In his defence of
open to Alaric and his Goths. But there seems to A. Caecina, in B. C. 69, Cicero ushers in the
be no evidence for this identification ; and we name of Falcula, a witness against the accused,
must fall back upon the testimony of Isidorus, with with ironical pomp, and proceeds to point out gross
whose words, “ Proba uxor Adelfii Proconsulis," inconsistencies in Falcula's evidence. Great un-
our knowledge begins and ends, unless we attach certainty is thrown over the history of Falcula by
weight to a notice found at the end of one of the the circumstance that it suited Cicero, from whose
MS. copies written in the tenth century, quoted by speeches alone we know any thing of him, to re-
Montfaucon in his Diarium Italicum (p. 36), present at different times, in different lights, the
“Proba uxor Adolphi mater Olibrii et Aliepii cum Judicium Albianum. When Cicero was pleading
Constantii bellum adversus Magnentium conscrip- against C. Verres, Oppianicus was unjustly con-
sisset, conscripsit et hunc librum. ”
demned, and Falcula was an illegal corrupt judge ;
The only production of Falconia now extant is when he defended Cluentius, it was necessary to
a Cento Virgilianus, inscribed to the Emperor Ho- soften the details of the Albianum Judicium ;
norius, in terms which prove that the dedication when he spoke for Caecina, it was his interest to
must have been written after a. D. 393, containing direct public feeling against Falcula. (Cic. pro
narratives in hexameter verse of striking events in Cluent. 37, 41, pro Caecin. 10 ; Pseudo-Ascon. in
the Old and New Testament, expressed in lines, Act. I. Verr. p. 146 ; Schol. Gronov. in Act. I. in
half lines, or shorter portions of lines derived ex- Verr. p. 396. ed. Orelli. )
(W. B. D. )
clusively from the poems of Virgil, which are com- FALISCUS, GRA'TIUS, the author of a poem
pletely exhausted in the process. Of course no upon the chase, of whom only one undoubted
praise, except what is merited by idle industry and notice is to be found in ancient writers. This is
clever dulness, is due to this patch-work ; and we contained in the Epistles from Pontus (iv. 16, 33),
cannot but marvel at the gentle terms employed where Ovid speaks of him as a contemporary in
by Boccacio and Henry Stephens in reference to the same couplet with Virgil:-
such trash. We learn from the prooemium that she
had published other pieces, of which one upon the
“ Tityrus antiquas et erat qui pasceret herbas,
civil wars is particularly specified, but of these no
Aptaque venanti Gratius arma daret. "
trace remains. The Homerocentones, by some (Comp. Cyneget. 23. ) Some lines in Manilius
ascribed to Falconia, belong in reality to Eu have been supposed to allude to Gratius, but the
doxia.
terms in which they are expressed (Astron. ii. 43)
The Cento Virgilianus was first printed at Ve are too vague to warrant such a conclusion.
nice, fol. 1472, in a volume containing also the Wernsdorf, arguing from the name, has endea-
Epigrams of Ausonius, the Consolatio ad Liviam, voured, not without some shadow of reason, to
the pastorals of Calpurnius, together with some prove that he must have been a slave or a freed-
hymns and other poems ; this was followed, in the man, but the rest of his conjectures are mere fan-
same century, by the editions published at Rome, tasies. The cognomen, or epithet, Faliscus, was
4to. 1481; at Antwerp, 4to. 1489, and at Brixia, first introduced by Barth, on the authority of a
8vo. 1496. The most elaborate are those of Mei- MS. which no one else ever saw, and probably
bomius, Helmst. 4to. 1597, and of Kromayer, Hal. originated in a forced and false interpretation of
Magd. 8vo. 1719. (See also the Bibliotheca Max. one of the lines in the poem, " At contra nostris
## p. 135 (#151) ############################################
FALTO.
FANGO.
135
imbellia lina Faliscis” (v.
40), where, upon refer- / first Praetor Peregrinus at Rome (Dicl. of Ant.
ring to the context, it will at once be seen that 8. v. Practor). The occasion for a second praetor-
nostris here denotes merely Italian, in contradis- ship was, that the war with Carthage required two
tinction to the various foreign tribes spoken of in commanders, and A. Postumius Albinus, one of the
the preceding verses.
consuls for the year B. c. 242, being at the time
The work itself, which consists of 540 hexame- priest of Mars, was forbidden by the Pontifex
ters, is entitled Cynegeticon Liber, and professes to Maximus to leave the city. Falio was second in
set forth the apparatus (arına) necessary for the command of the feet which, in that year, the last
sportsman, and the manner in which the various of the first Punic war, the Romans dispatched un-
requisites for the pursuit of game are to be procured, der C. Lutatius Catulus (Catulus) against the
prepared, and preserved (artes armorum). Among Carthaginians in Sicily. After Catulus had been
the arma of the hunter are included not only nets, disabled by a wound at the siege of Drepanum, the
gins, snarcs (retia, pedicae, laquei), darts and spears active duties of the campaign devolved on Falto.
(jacula, venabula), but also horses and dogs, and a His conduct at the battle of the Aegates so much
large portion of the undertaking (vv. 150—430) is contributed to the victory of the Romans that, on
devoted to a systematic account of the different the return of the fleet, Falto demanded to share the
kinds of hounds and horses.
triumph of Catulus. His claim was rejected, on
The language of the Cynegetica is pure, and not the ground that an inferior officer had no title to
unworthy of the age to which it belongs ; but the recompense of the chief in conimand. The
there is frequently a harshness in the structure of dispute was referred to arbitration; and the arbiter,
the periods, a strange and unauthorised use of Atilius Calatinus, decided against Falto, alleging
particular words, and a general want of distinct- that, as in the field the consul's orders took prece-
ness, which, in addition to a very corrupt text, dence of the practor's, and as the praetor's auspices,
render it a task of great difficulty to determine the in case of dispute, were always held inferior to the
exact meaning of many passages. Although con- consul's, so the triumph was exclusively a consular
siderable skill is manifested in the combination of distinction. The people, however, thought that
the parts, the author did not possess sufficient Falto merited the honour, and he accordingly
power to overcome the obstacles which were tri- triumphed on the 6th of October, B. C. 241. Falto
umphantly combated by Virgil. . The matter and was consul in B. C. 239. (Liv. Epit. xix. ; Fast.
arrangement of the treatise are derived in a great Capit. ; Val. Max. i. 1. & 2, ii. 8. 8 2. )
measure from Xenophon, although information was 2. P. VALERIUS Q. F. P. N. Falto, brother of
drawn from other ancient sources, such as Dercy- the preceding, was consul in B. C. 238. The Boian
lus the Arcadian, and Hagnon of Boeotia. It is Gauls, after having been at peace with Rome for
remarkable, that both the Greek Oppianus, who nearly half a century, in this year resumed hosti-
flourished probably under Caracalla, and the Roman lities, and formed a league with their kindred
Nemesianus, the contemporary of Numerianus, tribes on the Po, and with the Ligurians. Falto
arrogate to themselves the honour of having en- was despatched with a consular army against them,
tered upon a path altogether untrodden. Whether but was defeated in the first battle with great loss.
we believe them to be sincere and ignorant, or sus- The senate, on the news of his defeat, ordered one
pect them of deliberate dishonesty, their bold of the praetors, M. Genucius Cipus (Cipus), to
assertion is sufficient to prove that the poem of march to his relief. Falto, however, regarded this
Faliscus had in their day become almost totally as an intrusion into his province, and, before the
unknown.
reinforcement arrived, attacked the Boians a second
The Cynegetica has been transmitted to modern time and routed them. But on his return to Rome
times through the medium of a single MS. , which he was refused a triumph, not merely on account
was brought from Gaul to Italy by Actius Sanna- of his defeat, but because he had rashly ſought
zarius about the beginning of the sixteenth century, with a beaten army without awaiting the arrival of
and contained also the Cynegetics of Nemesianus, the praetor. (Zonar. viii. 18 ; Oros. iv. 12. )
and the Halieutics ascribed to Ovid. A second 3. M. Valerius Falto, one of the envoys sent
copy of the first 159 lines was found by Janus by the senate, B. C. 205, to Attalus I. king of Per-
Ulitius appended to another MS. of the Halieutics. gamus. Their mission was to fetch the Idaean
The Editio Princeps was printed at Venice, 8vo. mother to Italy, according to an injunction of the
February, 1534, by Aldus Manutius, in a volume, Sibylline Books. Falto was of quaestorian rank
containing also the Halieutica of Ovid, the Cyne- at this time, but the date of his quaestorship is not
getica and Carmen Bucolicum of Nemesianus, the known. On the return of the envoys to Rome
Bucolica of Calpurnius Siculus, together with the Falto was sent forward to announce the message of
Venatio of Hadrianus ; and reprinted at Augsburg the Delphic oracle, which they had consulted on
in the July of the same year. The best editions their journey, to the senate—“ The best man in
are those contained in the Poetae Latini Minores the state must welcome the goddess or her repre-
of Burmann (vol. i. Lug. Bat. 1731), and of sentative on her landing. " (Liv. xxix. 11. ) Falto
Wemsdorf, vol. i. p. 6, 293, ii. p. 34, iv. pt. ii. was one of the curule aediles, B. C. 203, when a
p. 790, 806, v. pt. iii
. p. 1445), whose prolegomena supply of Spanish grain enabled those magistrates
embrace all the requisite preliminary information. to sell corn to the poor at a sesterce the bushel.
A translation into English verse with notes, and (xxx. 26. ) Falto was praetor B. C. 201. His pro-
the Latin text, by Christopher Wase, was pub- vince was Bruttium, and two legions were allotted
lished at London in 1654, and a translation into to him. (xxx. 40, 41. )
[W. B. D. ]
German, also metrical, by S. E. G. Perlet, at FANGO, or PHANGO, C. FUFI'CIUS, ori-
Leipzig, in 1826.
(W. R. ) ginally a common soldier, and probably of African
FALTO, the name of a family of the Valeria blood, whom Julius Caesar raised to the rank of
gens.
When, in B. c. 40, Octavianus annexed
1. Q. VALERIUS Q. F. P. n. Falto, was the Numidia and part of the Roman Africa to his share
senator.
K 4
## p. 136 (#152) ############################################
136
FANNIUS.
PANNIUS.
of the triumviral provinces, he appointed Fango bis germanus of Titinius, and had some transactions
prefect. But his title in Numidia was opposed by with C. Verres in B. C. 84. (Cic. in Verr. i. 49. )
T. Sextius, the prefect of M. Antonius. They ap- 3. M. FANNIUB, was one of the judices in the
pealed to arms, and after mutual defeats and victo case (Quaestio de Sicariis) of Sex. Roscius of
ries, Fango was driven into the hills that bounded Ameria, in B. C. 80. (Cic. pro Ser. Rosc. 4; Schol.
the Roman province to the north-west. There, Gronov. ad Roscian. p. 427, ed. Orelli. )
mistaking the rushing of a troop of wild buffaloes 4. L. FANNIUS and L. Magius served in the
for a night attack of Numidian horse, he slew him- army of the legate Flavius Fimbria, in the war
self. (Dion Cass. xlviii. 22—24; Appian, B. C. against Mithridates, in B. C. 84 ; but they deserted
v. 26. ) In Cicero's epistles to Atticus (xiv. 10. ), and went over to Mithridates, whom they per-
Frangones is probably a misreading for Fangones, suaded to enter into negotiations with Sertorius in
and refers to C. Fuficius. (W. B. D. ] Spain, through whose assistance he might obtain
FA'NNIA. 1. A woman of Minturnae, of bad the sovereignty of Asia Minor and the neighbour-
repute. C. Titinius married her, nevertheless, ing countries. Mithridates entered into the scheme,
because she had considerable property. Soon after and sent the two deserters, in B. c. 74, to Sertorius
he repudiated her for her bad conduct, and at the to conclude a treaty with him. Sertorius promised
same time attempted to rob her of her dowry. C. Mithridates Bithynia, Paphlagonia, Cappadocia,
Marius, who was to decide between them, requested and Gallograecia, as rewards for assisting him
Titinius to restore the dowry; but when this was against the Romans. Sertorius at once sent M.
refused, C. Marius pronounced sentence, declaring Varius to serve Mithridates as general, and L.
the woman guilty of adultery, but compelling her Fannius and L. Magius accompanied him as his
husband to restore her dowry, because he had mar- councillors. On their advice Mithridates began
ried the woman although he knew what she was. his third war against the Romans. In consequence
The woman gratefully remembered the service thus of their desertion and treachery Fannius and
done to her, and, when Marius, in B. C.
