9 See "
Origines
Parochiales Scotise," part ii.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v5
At the 17th of May, or xvi.
of the June Kalends, the name Critan, Bishop, appears, m the Martyrology of Tallagh.
^ The Franciscan copy of the Tallagh Martyrology simply enters Critan,^ without any other designation, at the 17th of May.
The Bollandists 3 have Critanus, while quoting the same authority.
He belonged to Mahee Island,'* on Strangford Lough,s in the parish of Tullynakill, and in the county of Down.
It is about thirteen miles, north north-east from Downpatrick.
The earliest founder of that religious establishment is called St.
Mochai, or Mochay,^ and his death occurred from 490 to 497.
At first, Mahee Island was called Naondrum,7or Aendrum.
Over this, the present saint is said to have been the abbot ; while some writers also call him bishop.
^ It is a matter of difficulty, however, to discover his immediate predecessor, in that See.
5 The founder, St.
Mochai, is the only one mentioned in our Irish Annals, as antecedent to him; and, St.
Patrick elevated Mochai to the pastoral dignity, from having been a swine- herd.
'" On this day, according to the Martyrology of Donegal," Criotan, Bishop of Aondruim, had veneration given him.
By some writers," this place is supposed—but incorrectly—to have been identical with Antrim.
'3 Mac Firbis places his death, so early as the year of Christ 632.
'+ In the Irish Calendar, belonging to the Royal Irish Academy, at the xvi.
of the Calends of June—May 17th—we find the festival of Criotan, with the date for his depar-
ture from this life, at a. d. 638. 's At this day, and at the year 638, also, his death is recorded, in the Annals of Clonmacnoise, of Ulster,'^ and of the Four j\Iasters. '7 The same date has been assigned, in the Chronicum Scotorum. '^
Article XI. St, Cathan, Bishop and Confessor, Isle of Bute, Scotland, This holy man is noted as a Bishop and a Confessor. Cathan
Kelly, p. xxiv.
^ Thus : CiMCAii.
5 See "Ada Sanctorum," tomus iv. , INIaii
xvii. Among tlie pretermitted saints, p. 2. • The Rev. William Reeves writes, after llie year 974 : " This is the last that we hear of this church in the Annals. Probably it was pillaged and demolished soon after by the Danes, whose ships were continually floating in Strangford Lough. When next the name occurs, it is as belonging to pro- perty of the See of Down, with which John
knowledgment of its supremacy. See Colgan's "Trias Tliaumaturga. " Septima Vita S. Patricii, pars, i. , cap. liii. , p. 126.
" Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 132, 133.
" Among these was Rev. Dr. O'Connor, who writes in reference to this very entry, in the Annals of Ulster " Aendruim (An- trim). "
'^ See a description and an illustration of its Round Tower, in J. B. Doyle's " Tours in Ulster," pp. 120, 121. Near this town,
de Courcy, in I178, takes the liberty of and under Lord O'Neill's cottage, in Ram's
making it over to the monks of anLnglish Abbey. "
s Formerly called Lough Cuan.
' See his Life, at the 23rd June.
7 In the Ecclesiastical Tax'ation Roll for
the Diocese of Down, this place is written, Nendrum, and Nedrum.
*Thus the O'Clery's Calendar calls him epfop.
9 The Rev. William Reeves gives a list of the bishops and abbots of this place, in his " Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dromore. " Appendix. See pp. 148 to 151.
'° We learn, from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, that this church was tributary to that of Down, and that the annual otTcr- ing of a swine, or hog, was made in ac-
Islanti, are the ruins of a Round Tower, pictured and described, in Mr. and Mrs. Hall's "Ireland: its Scenery, Character," &c. , vol. iii. , p. 114.
''• See " Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish MSS. series, vol. i. , parti. , pp. 86, 87.
'= Thus it is entered " Cimocaii. e]\p :
<\oivo^\oniA &° T)! 638. " See the Irish Ord- nance Survey, Common Place Book F, p. 47
'* See Rev. Dr. O'Conor's " Rerum Hi- bernicarum Scriptores," tomus iv. Annales Ultonienses, ad A. D. , Dcx. xxvill. , p. 47.
' See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters. " vol. i. , pp. 256, 257.
'^ Edited by William M. Hennessy, pp.
86, 87. —
Article xi. ' According to the Bre-
17th of May. Thus :
—
May 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
is said to have been uncle to St. Blane/ and by his sister Bertha, according toThomasDempster. ^ ThissaintAvasprobablyanativeofIreland,andhe flourished in the sixth or seventh century. He Hved in the Island of Bute, where his church was known as Kill-Cathan. 3 St. Catan is said to have residedinacellofInchaffrayAbbey,atStornoway. 4 Tiiedateforhisdeath has been referred to May 17th, a. d. 710. 5 in Scarinche were the " exuviae " ofBishopCathan. ^ EspeciallyinthewestofScotland,wefindthetracesof hisveneration. Thus,itisatKilcattan,? inKilblane,^IslandofBute,atKil- chattan,9 in Luing Island,'° at Ard-Chattan or Ballyboden," at Kilchatan Bay, at Kilchatan Mill and vSuidhe Chatain in Kingarth Parish,^^ Island of Bute. '3 This latter was his chief seat. '4 Also, it is at Gigha, where there was a church of which he is patron called after him,'S and at Colonsay. '^ A place called Over Ruthven '^^ was given by Gilbert Earl of Strathearn to Inchaffray Abbey. '^ He is noticed by David Camerarius,'^^ in the Scotichronicon, and in the Breviary of Aberdeen, at the 17th of May.
Article XII. St. Maw, or Mauditus, Hermit and Confessor, St. Mawes, Cornwall. The holy hermit—called Mauditus '—who bore the Cornish name of Maw,^ was born in Ireland. He left our Island to seek a place of solitude. He desired to live solely for God, and he selected a place for that purpose in Cornwall. Here he lived, an austere and a holy man, in a hermitage on the sea-coast, near the harbour of Falmouth. 3 Some authori- ties derive the name St. Mawes as a corruption of St. Mary's. ^ The Latin name of St. Mawes' hermitage was S. Mauditi Castrum,s and after him, it is still called St. Mawes. Here there was an ancient church. ^ In the church-
viary of Aberdeen, Pars ^Estiva, fol. Ixxviii.
^ In his " Menologium Scoticuni," at the
^5 See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 267.
" See ibid. , p. 280.
'7 See Liber Insule Missarum, viii. , pp. 4, 8, 18.
'^ See Douglas' " Peerage of Scotland," vol. ii. , p. 556.
'9 In his Kalendars of Scottish Entries, at May 17th, we read : " Hoc eodem die sanc- tus Cathanus Episcopus in Buta Scotiae In- sula. "—Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scot- tish Saints," p. 237.
tion of Thomas Hearne, M. A. , p. 79. Ox- ford, 1764, 8vo.
° This word is rendered "a lad," or "a youth," in Rev. Dr. William Borlase's " Cornish Vocabulary. " See " Antiquities,
Historical and Monumental, of the County of Cornwall," vol. i. , p. 445, London, 1769.
3 "S. MaivnotinChirchattheverypomt of the Haven on the side toward Fal/iuith a Se marke. " " The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary," vol. iii. , p. 13. Edition of Thomas Hearne, M. A.
-t See Samuel Lewis' "Topographical Dictionary of England," vol. iii. , p. 278.
5 " Forma castri in ipsis portus faucibus pene orbicularis est, et situ subsidet, ut ser- pente—s serei certius irrumpenteis feriant hos-
" Insula Buta Cathani episcopi, qui S. Blani ex Bertha sorore avunculus, unde Kilcathan locus dic-
tus. Georg. Newton. "
3 See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scot-
tish Saints," pp. 200, 298.
'* From Inchaffray it had its first prior, and
it is stated to contain the remains of its first founder. See " Origines Parochiales Scotas," part ii. , p. 381.
5 See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scot- tish Saints," p. 298.
* See Bishop Keith's " Catalogue of Scot- tish Bishops," p. 393. Edition Russel.
7 See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 9.
* See " Old Statistical Account of Scot- land," vol. viii. , p. 56.
9 See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 100.
"An island belonging to Argyieshire. See an account of it in " Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , pp. 380, 381.
" See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 148.
" See an account of it, in the "Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , p. 229.
'3 See "Origines Parochiales Scotiae," part ii. , pp. 210, 214.
"• See '• New Statistical Account of Scot- land," vol. v. , pp. ZT), 84.
Article xii. —'
"
John Leland the Antiquary," vol. ix. Edi-
See
The Itinerary of
The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary. " Edition of Thomas Hearne,
tes. " ''
495
— :
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAIhTS. [May 17.
yard, there was a curious old chair of solid stone, pointed out by the inhabi- tants, on which the saint is said to have sat, and near it was a celebrated well. This holy man had been a bishop in Britain, according to John Leland's account of St. Sativola, virgin. 7 St. Maw was painted, likewise, as a school- master. The Rev. Alban Butler^ notes this holy man, at the 17th of May. There is much obscurity regarding his historic period.
ArticleXIII. ReputedFeastofSt. Connallus,Archdeaconof Glasgow. IntheScottishentriesofDavidCamerarius'Kalendar,'wehave the feast of St. Conuallus, Abbas, at the 17th of May. The Bollandists ^ have asimilarnotice,callinghimArchdeaconofGlasgow. Hisperiodhasbeen assigned to the seventh century. 3
Article XIV. Reputed Feast of St. Carantoc. The Second edition of the " Martyrologium Anglicanum," enters at the 17th of May a FestivalforSt. Carantocus,Welshindescent,butwhodiedinIreland. The Bollandists^ assign his death to the i6th of May, where we have already treated about him.
Article XV. Feast of Saints Adrion, Victor and Basilla, Martyrs, at Alexandria. These holy Martyrs, commemorated in the Roman Martyrology,' were anciently venerated in the Irish Church, as we find from the " Feilire "^ of St. yEngus, at the 17th of May. The ancient HieronymianMartyrologyofEpternac3 hasthenameofAdrion,Victorand Basilla, in Alexandria, at this same date. Tlie Bollandists* have added the name of Silvanus, on the authority of a Corbei Martyrology printed at Paris, but without assuming this introduction to be warranted as correct ; nor have they any more special Acts of those Martyrs, to throw light on their period or history.
Article XVI. Three Ursuline Virgins and Martyrs, at St. Amand, Flanders. The Martyrologies of Molanus, of Gelenius, and of Saussay, record the Feast of three Ursuline Virgins and Martyrs, venerated
496
Article xv. —' Thus: "Alexandrire Sanctorum Martyrum Adrionis Victoris et Easillce. "—"Martyrologium Ronianum," Sextodecimo Kalnndas Junii, p. 70. Ro- man edition of 1S78, fol.
* In the " Leabhar Breac copy, we "
read :
SloijcT) At)imoiiii' uicco]\if bdpllAc Sco1^l•1c cenchuiu v<\inT)e i:o]TOui-o pLAchAninic.
Thus translated by Dr. Whitley Stokes " The hosting of Adrio, of Victor, of Basil
they unyokcil without a whit of weakness on a height ollicaven's kingdom. "
3 Supposed to have been brought there from Ireland.
625.
Article Xiv. —' See " Acta Sancto- xvii. De SS. Martyribus Alcxandrinis
rum," tomus iv. , Maii xvii. Among the Adrione, Victore, Basilla, Silvano, p. 26. pretermitted saints, p. 2.
M. A. ,vol. ix. , p. 79.
* St. Mawes Castle, built by Kinjj Henry
VIII. . was near the church. See Cough's Camden's "Britannia," vol. i. , p. 4.
7 See his "Itinerary," vol. iii. , fol. 35, alias 49.
" See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and and other principal Saints," vol. v. , May xvii.
Article xiii. — ' We there read: Sanctus Conuallus Abbas et Sancti Ken- tigerni a teneris annis discipulus. "—Bishop Forl>es' Kalcndars of Scottish Saints,"
237.
" See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Mali xvii. Among the pretermitted saints,
-T.
p.
3 See Les Petits BoUandistes' " Vies des
Saints," tome v. , xviii«. Jour de Mai, p.
* See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii
May 1 8. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 497
in the Monastery of St. Amand,^ Elnonensis, at the 17th of May; and, the BoUandists,^ quoting their authority, refer further treatment regarding them, to the Acts of St. Ursula and her companion Martyrs, to be given at the 21st of October. In this respect, likewise, we prefer to follow their arrangement.
€igl)teentl) 2Bap of iilay*
ARTICLE I. —ST. CONVALLUS, CONFESSOR, PATRON OF GLASGOW, INCHENNEN, EASTWOOD, AND POLLOCKSHAWS, SCOTLAND.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. '^
THE first Pictish or Scottish missionaries are called Scoti. Ancient and modern writers but used the expression which they found in records of the saints' lives, penned at a time long previous to Caledonia or Albania getting the present name of Scotland. ^ The sequel seems to show, that St. Conval, or Conwall, was a native of Ireland, although we have no distinct account of his birthplace. Some notices of this holy man, compiled from the old Scottish historians, have been given by the BoUandists. ^ In the First Lesson of the Aberdeen Breviary, we are told, that the father of St. Convallus was Rex Hiberniensium, or King of the Irish. 3 It seems not improbable, that soon after the establishment of Christianity, in Scotland, by St. Columba,* St. Conval, or Connall,5 son to some Irish chief, left the home of his parents, and followed that great missionary to lona. Afterwards, St. Columba is said to have instructed St. Conval, to become a preacher of the Gospel among the Picts and Scots ; and, he effected great conversions, among various tribes in Scotland. ^ If he did not direct the inmates of lona's monastic house, Con- vallus set there a noble example to his brethren, observing discipline and pious exercises, while preaching the true mode of living to those who followed
the rules of its great founder. 7 St. Conval is said to have been a disciple of St. Kentigern,^ otherwise called Mungo,9 whose feast has been assigned to the
Article xvi. —' See Les Petits Bollan- distes' "Vies des Saints," tome v. , xvii<=Jour de Mai, p. 607.
* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii xvii. Among the pretermitted saints,
—
' It was only -in the eleventh century, that Scotland became known by such name, and this she took from the predominant Irish Scots, who settled there during the earlier ages. See Black's " Guide to Scotland. " Introduction. Edi-
tion of 1874.
^ See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii
xviii. De Sancto Convallo Archidiacono. Glascvensi in Scotia," pp. 183, 184.
opinion, thiat this should be regarded as a legend. This information, with many other special particulars here inserted, was kindly communicated by Rev. Bernard Tracy, in a letter, dated Mount St. Mary's, Pollock- shaws, October 20th, 1874.
'» See his Life, at the 9th of June,
^ Nothing is said of his having been in
Ireland,bytheBollandists but,theyspeak ;
of his having lived and died, and of his hav- ing been buried in Scotland.
° See Hector Boece's "Scotorum His- toriae, a prima Gentis origine," «S;c. , lib. ix. , fol. clxxii. , clvxiii. Edition, Prelum Ascen- sianum, 1520, fol.
? See John Lesley, " De Orgine, Moribus, et Rebus Gestis Scotorum," lib. iiii. , sect. xlv. , p. 138. Romse, M. D. , Lxxviil. , 4to.
p. 3.
Article i.
3 Among papers in the possession of Rev.
Bernard Tracy, was a letter by the Rev. John
Kyle, to F. Galletti, priest at Pollockshaws,
and dated Preshome, January 20th, 1859,
the foregoing account is given, with an Art. ii. The chief notices regarding him
^ See a notice of this saint, at the 13th of January, in the First Volume of this work,
S
49 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May i8.
13th day of January, as also to the 13th of November. Could we believe Dempster,'° St. Conval not only wrote a Life of his master St. Kentigern, but also a book against the Rites of the Pagans, and another on the Church, directed to the Scottish clergy. This holy man is stated to have been at lona when Aiden "—St. Columba's Irish King—died and was buried there;" while, it was after that event, he went to preach to the Picts '^ and Scots. '* This was probably towards the close of the sixth century.
When Kenneth Keir, or Kenneth I. ,'5 came to the throne of Scotland on the death of Aiden I. , St. Convallus first became conspicuous through his life of holiness. There were three men distinguished by their piety and learning, at that time, who were Scoti by nationality, and these are called Hebredus, Dunstan, and Conval. '^ Their memory is still greatly respected in Scotland. '7 Especially, St. Convallus was an ornament to the primitive Church of the Scots. '^ At Inchinnan, in the Rutherglen Deanery, and Archdiocese of Glasgow, he is said to have chiefly lived, and he is regarded as its special
patron. '9 However, it is thought, by a high authority,^" that Pollock, rather than Inchinan, was more probably the seat of his establishment, as the Church of Pollock was certainly dedicated to Convall, and he was regarded as the tutelar saint of the place.
ture from this life, at a. d. 638. 's At this day, and at the year 638, also, his death is recorded, in the Annals of Clonmacnoise, of Ulster,'^ and of the Four j\Iasters. '7 The same date has been assigned, in the Chronicum Scotorum. '^
Article XI. St, Cathan, Bishop and Confessor, Isle of Bute, Scotland, This holy man is noted as a Bishop and a Confessor. Cathan
Kelly, p. xxiv.
^ Thus : CiMCAii.
5 See "Ada Sanctorum," tomus iv. , INIaii
xvii. Among tlie pretermitted saints, p. 2. • The Rev. William Reeves writes, after llie year 974 : " This is the last that we hear of this church in the Annals. Probably it was pillaged and demolished soon after by the Danes, whose ships were continually floating in Strangford Lough. When next the name occurs, it is as belonging to pro- perty of the See of Down, with which John
knowledgment of its supremacy. See Colgan's "Trias Tliaumaturga. " Septima Vita S. Patricii, pars, i. , cap. liii. , p. 126.
" Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 132, 133.
" Among these was Rev. Dr. O'Connor, who writes in reference to this very entry, in the Annals of Ulster " Aendruim (An- trim). "
'^ See a description and an illustration of its Round Tower, in J. B. Doyle's " Tours in Ulster," pp. 120, 121. Near this town,
de Courcy, in I178, takes the liberty of and under Lord O'Neill's cottage, in Ram's
making it over to the monks of anLnglish Abbey. "
s Formerly called Lough Cuan.
' See his Life, at the 23rd June.
7 In the Ecclesiastical Tax'ation Roll for
the Diocese of Down, this place is written, Nendrum, and Nedrum.
*Thus the O'Clery's Calendar calls him epfop.
9 The Rev. William Reeves gives a list of the bishops and abbots of this place, in his " Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dromore. " Appendix. See pp. 148 to 151.
'° We learn, from the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, that this church was tributary to that of Down, and that the annual otTcr- ing of a swine, or hog, was made in ac-
Islanti, are the ruins of a Round Tower, pictured and described, in Mr. and Mrs. Hall's "Ireland: its Scenery, Character," &c. , vol. iii. , p. 114.
''• See " Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish MSS. series, vol. i. , parti. , pp. 86, 87.
'= Thus it is entered " Cimocaii. e]\p :
<\oivo^\oniA &° T)! 638. " See the Irish Ord- nance Survey, Common Place Book F, p. 47
'* See Rev. Dr. O'Conor's " Rerum Hi- bernicarum Scriptores," tomus iv. Annales Ultonienses, ad A. D. , Dcx. xxvill. , p. 47.
' See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters. " vol. i. , pp. 256, 257.
'^ Edited by William M. Hennessy, pp.
86, 87. —
Article xi. ' According to the Bre-
17th of May. Thus :
—
May 17. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
is said to have been uncle to St. Blane/ and by his sister Bertha, according toThomasDempster. ^ ThissaintAvasprobablyanativeofIreland,andhe flourished in the sixth or seventh century. He Hved in the Island of Bute, where his church was known as Kill-Cathan. 3 St. Catan is said to have residedinacellofInchaffrayAbbey,atStornoway. 4 Tiiedateforhisdeath has been referred to May 17th, a. d. 710. 5 in Scarinche were the " exuviae " ofBishopCathan. ^ EspeciallyinthewestofScotland,wefindthetracesof hisveneration. Thus,itisatKilcattan,? inKilblane,^IslandofBute,atKil- chattan,9 in Luing Island,'° at Ard-Chattan or Ballyboden," at Kilchatan Bay, at Kilchatan Mill and vSuidhe Chatain in Kingarth Parish,^^ Island of Bute. '3 This latter was his chief seat. '4 Also, it is at Gigha, where there was a church of which he is patron called after him,'S and at Colonsay. '^ A place called Over Ruthven '^^ was given by Gilbert Earl of Strathearn to Inchaffray Abbey. '^ He is noticed by David Camerarius,'^^ in the Scotichronicon, and in the Breviary of Aberdeen, at the 17th of May.
Article XII. St. Maw, or Mauditus, Hermit and Confessor, St. Mawes, Cornwall. The holy hermit—called Mauditus '—who bore the Cornish name of Maw,^ was born in Ireland. He left our Island to seek a place of solitude. He desired to live solely for God, and he selected a place for that purpose in Cornwall. Here he lived, an austere and a holy man, in a hermitage on the sea-coast, near the harbour of Falmouth. 3 Some authori- ties derive the name St. Mawes as a corruption of St. Mary's. ^ The Latin name of St. Mawes' hermitage was S. Mauditi Castrum,s and after him, it is still called St. Mawes. Here there was an ancient church. ^ In the church-
viary of Aberdeen, Pars ^Estiva, fol. Ixxviii.
^ In his " Menologium Scoticuni," at the
^5 See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 267.
" See ibid. , p. 280.
'7 See Liber Insule Missarum, viii. , pp. 4, 8, 18.
'^ See Douglas' " Peerage of Scotland," vol. ii. , p. 556.
'9 In his Kalendars of Scottish Entries, at May 17th, we read : " Hoc eodem die sanc- tus Cathanus Episcopus in Buta Scotiae In- sula. "—Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scot- tish Saints," p. 237.
tion of Thomas Hearne, M. A. , p. 79. Ox- ford, 1764, 8vo.
° This word is rendered "a lad," or "a youth," in Rev. Dr. William Borlase's " Cornish Vocabulary. " See " Antiquities,
Historical and Monumental, of the County of Cornwall," vol. i. , p. 445, London, 1769.
3 "S. MaivnotinChirchattheverypomt of the Haven on the side toward Fal/iuith a Se marke. " " The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary," vol. iii. , p. 13. Edition of Thomas Hearne, M. A.
-t See Samuel Lewis' "Topographical Dictionary of England," vol. iii. , p. 278.
5 " Forma castri in ipsis portus faucibus pene orbicularis est, et situ subsidet, ut ser- pente—s serei certius irrumpenteis feriant hos-
" Insula Buta Cathani episcopi, qui S. Blani ex Bertha sorore avunculus, unde Kilcathan locus dic-
tus. Georg. Newton. "
3 See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scot-
tish Saints," pp. 200, 298.
'* From Inchaffray it had its first prior, and
it is stated to contain the remains of its first founder. See " Origines Parochiales Scotas," part ii. , p. 381.
5 See Bishop Forbes' " Kalendars of Scot- tish Saints," p. 298.
* See Bishop Keith's " Catalogue of Scot- tish Bishops," p. 393. Edition Russel.
7 See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 9.
* See " Old Statistical Account of Scot- land," vol. viii. , p. 56.
9 See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 100.
"An island belonging to Argyieshire. See an account of it in " Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , pp. 380, 381.
" See " Origines Parochiales Scotise," part ii. , p. 148.
" See an account of it, in the "Imperial Gazetteer of Scotland," vol. ii. , p. 229.
'3 See "Origines Parochiales Scotiae," part ii. , pp. 210, 214.
"• See '• New Statistical Account of Scot- land," vol. v. , pp. ZT), 84.
Article xii. —'
"
John Leland the Antiquary," vol. ix. Edi-
See
The Itinerary of
The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary. " Edition of Thomas Hearne,
tes. " ''
495
— :
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAIhTS. [May 17.
yard, there was a curious old chair of solid stone, pointed out by the inhabi- tants, on which the saint is said to have sat, and near it was a celebrated well. This holy man had been a bishop in Britain, according to John Leland's account of St. Sativola, virgin. 7 St. Maw was painted, likewise, as a school- master. The Rev. Alban Butler^ notes this holy man, at the 17th of May. There is much obscurity regarding his historic period.
ArticleXIII. ReputedFeastofSt. Connallus,Archdeaconof Glasgow. IntheScottishentriesofDavidCamerarius'Kalendar,'wehave the feast of St. Conuallus, Abbas, at the 17th of May. The Bollandists ^ have asimilarnotice,callinghimArchdeaconofGlasgow. Hisperiodhasbeen assigned to the seventh century. 3
Article XIV. Reputed Feast of St. Carantoc. The Second edition of the " Martyrologium Anglicanum," enters at the 17th of May a FestivalforSt. Carantocus,Welshindescent,butwhodiedinIreland. The Bollandists^ assign his death to the i6th of May, where we have already treated about him.
Article XV. Feast of Saints Adrion, Victor and Basilla, Martyrs, at Alexandria. These holy Martyrs, commemorated in the Roman Martyrology,' were anciently venerated in the Irish Church, as we find from the " Feilire "^ of St. yEngus, at the 17th of May. The ancient HieronymianMartyrologyofEpternac3 hasthenameofAdrion,Victorand Basilla, in Alexandria, at this same date. Tlie Bollandists* have added the name of Silvanus, on the authority of a Corbei Martyrology printed at Paris, but without assuming this introduction to be warranted as correct ; nor have they any more special Acts of those Martyrs, to throw light on their period or history.
Article XVI. Three Ursuline Virgins and Martyrs, at St. Amand, Flanders. The Martyrologies of Molanus, of Gelenius, and of Saussay, record the Feast of three Ursuline Virgins and Martyrs, venerated
496
Article xv. —' Thus: "Alexandrire Sanctorum Martyrum Adrionis Victoris et Easillce. "—"Martyrologium Ronianum," Sextodecimo Kalnndas Junii, p. 70. Ro- man edition of 1S78, fol.
* In the " Leabhar Breac copy, we "
read :
SloijcT) At)imoiiii' uicco]\if bdpllAc Sco1^l•1c cenchuiu v<\inT)e i:o]TOui-o pLAchAninic.
Thus translated by Dr. Whitley Stokes " The hosting of Adrio, of Victor, of Basil
they unyokcil without a whit of weakness on a height ollicaven's kingdom. "
3 Supposed to have been brought there from Ireland.
625.
Article Xiv. —' See " Acta Sancto- xvii. De SS. Martyribus Alcxandrinis
rum," tomus iv. , Maii xvii. Among the Adrione, Victore, Basilla, Silvano, p. 26. pretermitted saints, p. 2.
M. A. ,vol. ix. , p. 79.
* St. Mawes Castle, built by Kinjj Henry
VIII. . was near the church. See Cough's Camden's "Britannia," vol. i. , p. 4.
7 See his "Itinerary," vol. iii. , fol. 35, alias 49.
" See " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and and other principal Saints," vol. v. , May xvii.
Article xiii. — ' We there read: Sanctus Conuallus Abbas et Sancti Ken- tigerni a teneris annis discipulus. "—Bishop Forl>es' Kalcndars of Scottish Saints,"
237.
" See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. ,
Mali xvii. Among the pretermitted saints,
-T.
p.
3 See Les Petits BoUandistes' " Vies des
Saints," tome v. , xviii«. Jour de Mai, p.
* See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii
May 1 8. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 497
in the Monastery of St. Amand,^ Elnonensis, at the 17th of May; and, the BoUandists,^ quoting their authority, refer further treatment regarding them, to the Acts of St. Ursula and her companion Martyrs, to be given at the 21st of October. In this respect, likewise, we prefer to follow their arrangement.
€igl)teentl) 2Bap of iilay*
ARTICLE I. —ST. CONVALLUS, CONFESSOR, PATRON OF GLASGOW, INCHENNEN, EASTWOOD, AND POLLOCKSHAWS, SCOTLAND.
[SIXTH AND SEVENTH CENTURIES. '^
THE first Pictish or Scottish missionaries are called Scoti. Ancient and modern writers but used the expression which they found in records of the saints' lives, penned at a time long previous to Caledonia or Albania getting the present name of Scotland. ^ The sequel seems to show, that St. Conval, or Conwall, was a native of Ireland, although we have no distinct account of his birthplace. Some notices of this holy man, compiled from the old Scottish historians, have been given by the BoUandists. ^ In the First Lesson of the Aberdeen Breviary, we are told, that the father of St. Convallus was Rex Hiberniensium, or King of the Irish. 3 It seems not improbable, that soon after the establishment of Christianity, in Scotland, by St. Columba,* St. Conval, or Connall,5 son to some Irish chief, left the home of his parents, and followed that great missionary to lona. Afterwards, St. Columba is said to have instructed St. Conval, to become a preacher of the Gospel among the Picts and Scots ; and, he effected great conversions, among various tribes in Scotland. ^ If he did not direct the inmates of lona's monastic house, Con- vallus set there a noble example to his brethren, observing discipline and pious exercises, while preaching the true mode of living to those who followed
the rules of its great founder. 7 St. Conval is said to have been a disciple of St. Kentigern,^ otherwise called Mungo,9 whose feast has been assigned to the
Article xvi. —' See Les Petits Bollan- distes' "Vies des Saints," tome v. , xvii<=Jour de Mai, p. 607.
* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii xvii. Among the pretermitted saints,
—
' It was only -in the eleventh century, that Scotland became known by such name, and this she took from the predominant Irish Scots, who settled there during the earlier ages. See Black's " Guide to Scotland. " Introduction. Edi-
tion of 1874.
^ See " Acta Sanctorum," tomus iv. , Maii
xviii. De Sancto Convallo Archidiacono. Glascvensi in Scotia," pp. 183, 184.
opinion, thiat this should be regarded as a legend. This information, with many other special particulars here inserted, was kindly communicated by Rev. Bernard Tracy, in a letter, dated Mount St. Mary's, Pollock- shaws, October 20th, 1874.
'» See his Life, at the 9th of June,
^ Nothing is said of his having been in
Ireland,bytheBollandists but,theyspeak ;
of his having lived and died, and of his hav- ing been buried in Scotland.
° See Hector Boece's "Scotorum His- toriae, a prima Gentis origine," «S;c. , lib. ix. , fol. clxxii. , clvxiii. Edition, Prelum Ascen- sianum, 1520, fol.
? See John Lesley, " De Orgine, Moribus, et Rebus Gestis Scotorum," lib. iiii. , sect. xlv. , p. 138. Romse, M. D. , Lxxviil. , 4to.
p. 3.
Article i.
3 Among papers in the possession of Rev.
Bernard Tracy, was a letter by the Rev. John
Kyle, to F. Galletti, priest at Pollockshaws,
and dated Preshome, January 20th, 1859,
the foregoing account is given, with an Art. ii. The chief notices regarding him
^ See a notice of this saint, at the 13th of January, in the First Volume of this work,
S
49 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [May i8.
13th day of January, as also to the 13th of November. Could we believe Dempster,'° St. Conval not only wrote a Life of his master St. Kentigern, but also a book against the Rites of the Pagans, and another on the Church, directed to the Scottish clergy. This holy man is stated to have been at lona when Aiden "—St. Columba's Irish King—died and was buried there;" while, it was after that event, he went to preach to the Picts '^ and Scots. '* This was probably towards the close of the sixth century.
When Kenneth Keir, or Kenneth I. ,'5 came to the throne of Scotland on the death of Aiden I. , St. Convallus first became conspicuous through his life of holiness. There were three men distinguished by their piety and learning, at that time, who were Scoti by nationality, and these are called Hebredus, Dunstan, and Conval. '^ Their memory is still greatly respected in Scotland. '7 Especially, St. Convallus was an ornament to the primitive Church of the Scots. '^ At Inchinnan, in the Rutherglen Deanery, and Archdiocese of Glasgow, he is said to have chiefly lived, and he is regarded as its special
patron. '9 However, it is thought, by a high authority,^" that Pollock, rather than Inchinan, was more probably the seat of his establishment, as the Church of Pollock was certainly dedicated to Convall, and he was regarded as the tutelar saint of the place.
