He was the
son of Timothy Edwards, a Congregational
minister, and was himself minister at North-
ampton, Mass.
son of Timothy Edwards, a Congregational
minister, and was himself minister at North-
ampton, Mass.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
His contributions to Egyptology
are also numerous. *
Ebert, Johann Arnold (ā'bert). A German
translator and poet; born in Hamburg, Feb. 8,
1723; died in Brunswick, March 19, 1795. His
friend Klopstock addressed a pleasing ode to
him. He is better known through his trans-
lations of Young's Night Thoughts) and other
poems than by his own work, which appears in
Epistles and Miscellaneous Verse) (1789).
Ebert, Karl Egon. An Austrian poet and
dramatist (1801-82); born at Prague. He be-
gan with dramas of Bohemian history, many
of which were staged but only one printed,
(Wratislav and Jutta) (1835). As a lyric
poet and balladist he was more successful;
his Poems) (1824) contain fine lyrics, and
(Schwerting the Saxon Duke) is still high in
popular favor. His longer poems -(Vlasta, a
National Hero-Poem of Bohemia,' and 'The
Monastery, are Auent in style, pure and ele.
gant in language. (A Monument to Karl Egon,
Prince of Fürstenberg) consists of a garland of
sonnets; (Devout Meditations of a Man of the
World' is a didactic poem.
Ebner-Eschenbach, Baroness Marie von
(āb'ner esh'en-bach). An eminent Austrian
novelist and poet; born (Countess Dubsky) at
Castle Zdislavic, Moravia, Sept. 13, 1830. Be-
ginning in 1860 as a playwright, Mary Stuart
in Scotland) (1860) and the tragedy (Marie
Roland, with the one-act dramas (Doctor Rit-
ter,' (Violets,' and (The Disconsolate One,'
were but moderately successful. Turning to
fiction, "The Princess of Banalia) (1872), a
satiric tale, made little impression; but (Two
Countesses) (1885), a story of Austrian high so-
ciety, met with striking favor, and its succes-
sors place her among the great writers. They
include: (Tales of Village and Castle'; (The
Child of the Parish); (The Rival. She has
epic power, keen psychological insight, and
quick sensibility; and is unsurpassed in grace
of form and precision of style.
Ebrard, Johannes Heinrich August
(ā'brärd). A German Protestant theological
writer, dramatist, and literary critic; born in
Erlangen, Jan. 18, 1818; died there, July 23,
1888. He led a general reform movement in
theology, producing : Philosophical Criticism of
Evangelical History) (1842); (The Dogma of
the Last Supper and its History) (1845-46);
(Practical Theology (1856); etc. ; while under
the pseudonym of “Gottfried Flammberg” he
wrote Duplessis-Mornay) (1859), and other
dramas, and "A Life in Song) (2d ed. 1872), a
collection of verse. His other pseudonym,
“Christian Deutsch, has served in connection
with (Stephen Klinger) (1872), a play, and
studies of the Ossian creations.
Ebsworth, Joseph. An English dramatist
and musician; born in London, Oct. 10, 1788;
died in Edinburgh, June 22, 1868. He wrote,
adapted, or translated many successful plays;
among them (The Rival Valets) (1825), a
comedy drama, and “The Crusaders' (1850–51),
a drama. He was an adapter rather than a
creator. His songs, learning, and versatility
made him a distinguished figure in Edinburgh
circles. He wrote also in collaboration with
his wife, Mary Emma (Fairbrother).
Eça de Queiroz, José Maria (ā'sä dė kā.
roz). A Portuguese novelist; born at Póvoa
do Varzim, Nov. 25, 1845. At first a journalist,
he traveled and was in the consular service in
many parts of the world. He introduced the
naturalistic school into Portugal. His powers
of observation and description are great, and
in his novels -(The Crime of Father Amaro)
))
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162
ECHARD -- EDERSHEIM
(1874, rewritten in 1880); ( The First Monk
of St. Basil) (1877); (A Relic) (1886) - he
portrays in master strokes the failings of
Portuguese society. His strange, half real-
istic, half fanciful story, (The Relic, weaves
into a narrative of Oriental travel a dramatic
representation of the Passion of Christ in the
form of a dream. In collaboration with Ra-
malho-Ortigảo he wrote the spirited tale of
adventure, (The Mystery of Cintra Street.
Echard or Eachard, Laurence. An English
historian; born at Barsham, Suffolk, 1670 (? );
died at Lincoln, Aug. 16, 1730. A clergyman
and a scholar, his History of England from
the First Entrance of Julius Cæsar and the
Romans to the End of the Reign of James the
First) (1707) contains a wealth of information,
including the particulars of Cromwell's inter-
view with the Devil on the morning of the
battle of Worcester. Other historical and schol-
arly works increased his reputation.
Echegaray, José (ā-cha-gär-ā'). A notable
Spanish dramatist; born in Madrid, 1832. He
is author of several treatises on mechanics and
civil engineering, and was for a time minister
of commerce and of public instruction. Since
1874, when the production of “The Avenger's
Bride opened a new and brilliant life for the
Spanish stage, he has given himself wholly to
the drama; producing in a few years thirty
plays rich in imagination, dramatic force, and
lyric talent, though with the true Spaniard's
love of the horrible. Of his greatest pieces
may be named : (The Great Galeotto); (Mad.
man or Saint); (Conflict between Two Duties);
(A Merry Life and a Sad Death. ' *
Echeverria, Estéban (ā-chā vā-rē'ä). A nota-
ble Argentine poet; born in Buenos Ayres,
1809; died in Montevideo, 1851. He published
a book of Rhymes) at 19; passed some time
in France, became a devotee of Byron and
Lamartine, and on his return published an-
other volume whose exuberance explains its
failure. But later volumes of short poems
(Counsels ); «The Female Captives); (Guitar)
prove him a genuine poet.
Eckardt, Ludwig (eck'ärt). An Austrian lit.
erary historian, essayist, and dramatist ; born in
Vienna, May 16, 1827; died at Tetchen, Bohemia,
Feb. I, 1871. His career was one of vicissitudes
owing to his political opinions, but he wrote:
Josephine, a drama; Lectures on Goethe's
Torquato Tasso) (1852); Dramatic Studies)
(1853); and other critical and biographical
studies, attaining distinction as a scholar.
Eckermann, Johann Peter (ek'er-män). A
German poet (1792-1854); born at Winsen in
Hanover. He has permanent place in litera-
ture through his deeply affectionate record of
"Conversations with Goethe in the Last Years
of his Life) (2 vols. , 1823-32); it has been trans-
lated into nearly all the languages of Europe,
even Turkish. He edited the 40-vol. edition
of Goethe's works (1839-40).
Eckstein, Ernst (ek'stin). A German hu-
morist, poet, and novelist; born at Giessen, Feb.
6, 1845. From the university he went to Paris,
and there completed his comic epos (Check to
the Queen (1870), and wrote (Paris Silhouettes)
(1873), the grotesque night-piece (The Varzin
Ghosts, and the Mute of Seville. Later he
visited different places, and wrote the stories
(Margherita'; 'At the Tomb of Cestius); (The
Mosque at Cordova. He was editor of a lit-
erary and critical journal, Hall of Poets, and
of a humorous weekly, The Wag, at Leipsic for
some years, and in 1885 settled in Dresden.
He is a very prolific and inventive writer, a
master of technique. Besides a multitude of
brilliant humorous sketches, he has written
many stories of ancient classic life, as (The
Claudii'; Aphrodite, a Story of Ancient Hel.
las); Decius the Fluteplayer: a Merry Story
of a Musician in Ancient Rome. )
Écrevisse, Peter (ā-krā-vēs'). A Flemish
novelist (1804-1879); born at Obbicht in Lim-
burg. In 1860 he withdrew from a promising
political career and devoted himself to liter-
ature. He is noted for his power of description
and his simple earnest style. Of his numerous
historical novels must be mentioned: (The
Destruction of Maestricht); (The De Witt
Brothers. He is author also of some novels
of society: (The Cancer of Cities); (The Step-
son); (The Servingman of Kempen. '
Eddy, Daniel Clark. An American clergy-
man and writer; born in Salem, Mass. , in 1823;
died in Martha's Vineyard, Mass. , July 26, 1890.
Among his numerous works are: (Burman
Apostle) (1850); Percy Family) (1852); (The
Young Woman's Friend (1855); (The Angel's
Whispers); "Waiting at the Cross); (Europa,
or Scenes in the Old World); and (The Young
Man's Friend. '
Eden, Emily. An English novelist and de-
scriptive writer; born in Westminster, March
3, 1797; died at Richmond, Surrey, Aug. 5,
1869. Her (Semi-Detached House) (1859) and
(Semi-Attached Couple) (1860) possess realistic
charm; while Portraits of the People and
Princes of India) (1844), and other impressions
of travel, do equal honor to her descriptive
excellence.
Eden, Sir Frederick Morton. An English
writer on sociology and economics; born in
Kent(? ), 1766; died in London, Nov. 14, 1809.
His painstaking study of (The State of the
Poor) (1797) is a sociological classic.
Edersheim, Alfred (ā'der-shim). A Jewish-
Christian Biblical writer; born at Vienna,
1825; died at Mentone, France, March 16, 1889.
From the universities of Vienna and Berlin he
passed to that of Edinburgh, where he studied
theology and became a minister of the Scotch
Free Church. He wrote a Bible History) 17
vols. ); (Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the
Days of Christ); (History of the Jewish Nation
after the Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus! :
Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. '
>
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EDGAR-EDWARDS
163
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Edgar, John George. An English biogra-
pher and historian; born in 1834 ; died in 1864.
In business at Liverpool, he left it for literature :
edited Every Boy's Magazine, contributed to
the London press, and wrote biographies and
histories, mainly for the young; among them :
"The Boyhood of Great Men (1853); (Foot-
prints of Famous Men (1853); "Crusades and
Crusaders) (1859); "Sea Kings and Naval
Heroes) (1860); Cavaliers and Roundheads)
(1861).
Edgcumbe, Richard. An English poetaster
and wit; born in Lancaster (? ), 1716; died in
Cornwall, May 10, 1761. He was a gay spirit,
and enriched the literature of conviviality with
'The Fable of the Ass, Nightingale, and Kid);
"Ode to Health'; and other poems which were
deemed witty in their day.
Edgeworth, Maria. A distinguished Eng-
lish novelist; born in Black Bourton, Oxford-
shire (not in Berkshire), Jan. I, 1767; died in
Edgeworthstown, Ireland, May 1849. She did
her first literary work in conjunction with her
father, upon whose Irish estate she acquired
that knowledge of genial prodigality and hos-
pitable beggary to which many of her tales
owe their humor. Her principal works are :
'Castle Rackrent? (1800); "Early Lessons)
(1801); (Belinda' (1801); Moral Tales) (1801);
"The Modern Griselda) (1804); "Leonora)
(1806); (Tales of Fashionable Life) (1809-12);
Patronage (1814); (Ormond' (1817); and
'Helen (1834). *
Edgren, Anne Charlotte Leffler- (ed'gren).
A Swedish novelist, eminent in the realistic
school; born at Stockholm, Oct. 16, 1849; died
at Naples, Oct. 24, 1892. A volume of short
tales, By Chance, and the dramas, (The
Actress, (The Curate, etc. , were a great suc-
cess anonymously; and she then put her own
name to three successive volumes of short sto-
ries called (From Life,' followed by “A Sum-
mer Story,' (Woman and Erotism,' and many
others. (Ideal Women,' (The Struggle for
Happiness, and A Rescuing Angel) (the most
successful of her plays) are most notable
among her later dramas.
Edgren, August Hjalmar. A Swedish au-
thor; born in Wermland, Sweden, October 1840.
He came to the United States in 1860, and
joined the 99th New York Regiment as ad lieu-
tenant January 1862; August 1863 entered the
engineer corps. He was connected with Yale
C'niversity from 1874 to 1880, and professor of
modern languages and Sanskrit in Nebraska
C'niversity from 1880 to 1884. His numerous
publications include a Swedish work on the
Literature of America) (1878); “Swedish Lit-
erature in America) (1883); and (American
Antiquities) (1885); besides many valuable
papers for students, pertaining to Sanskrit,
Romance, and Germanic philology.
Edler, Karl Erdmann (ād'ler). An Austrian
novelist; born at Poděbrad in Bohemia, May
8, 1814. His stories have nearly all a historical
background, truthfully portrayed. Among them
may be named: (Wilfried, a Story of the Mid-
dle Age) (1874); (Gabor, a Picture of the
Steppe) (1874); (The Last Jew) (1885); “Bal-
dine) (1881); (A Bell-Ringer's Journey); Notre
Dame des Flots) (Our Lady of the Billows).
The last three were translated into English by
Lord Lytton.
Edmonstone, Sir Archibald. An English
descriptive writer, dramatist, poet, and Pietist;
born in London, March 12, 1795; died there,
March 13, 1871. He was an extensive traveler,
and wrote (A Journey to Two of the Oases
of Upper Egypt) (1822); in addition to which
(Leonora) (1832), a tragedy, (The Progress of
Religion (1842), a poem, and “The Christian
Gentleman's Daily Walk) (1840), evince fair
talent.
Edward VI. King of England; born at
Hampton Court, Oct. 12, 1537; died at Green-
wich, July 6, 1553. His Journal, a chronicle
of his every-day experiences from the time of
his accession until the year preceding his
death, and various essays and declamations in
French, Greek, and Latin, give a favorable
impression of his literary capacity.
Edwards, Amelia Blandford. An English
Egyptologist and writer of novels; born in Lon-
don, 1831; died in Weston-super-Mare, Somer-
setshire, April 15, 1892. Her novels include:
(My Brother's Wife) (1855); Hand and Glove)
(1859); and “In the Days of my Youth) (1873).
Later, she achieved great celebrity through her
writings and lectures on the antiquities of
Egypt; her best-known works in this field are
(A Thousand Miles up the Nile) (1877), and
(Pharaohs, Fellahs, and Explorers) (1891).
Edwards, Edward. An English librarian
and writer on library lore; born in London (? ),
1812; died at Niton, Isle of Wight, Feb. 10,
1886. In the Memoirs of Libraries) (1859),
(Lives of the Founders of the British Museum)
(1870), and (Sir Walter Raleigh) (1885), the
latter an experiment in biography, his mastery
of his subjects is authoritative.
Edwards, George. An English or Scotch
writer on sociology and social reform ; born in
1752; died in London, Feb. 17, 1823. Possessed
of the conviction that he held the precious
secret of the relief of man's estate, he wrote
some fifty books to disseminate the informa-
tion, among which is one with the long title:
(The Practical System of Human Economy, or
the New Era at Length Fully Ascertained,
Whereby We are Able in One Immediate Sim-
ple Undertaking to Remove the Distress, Bur-
dens, and Grievances of the Times, and to
Bring All our Interests, Public, Private, and
Commercial, to their Intended Perfection)
(1816).
Edwards, George Wharton. An American
artist and author ; born in Connecticut in 1860.
He is a resident of Plainfield, N. J. Most of
his stories have appeared in the Century Mag-
azine. His works include: (P'tit Matinic', and
Other Monotones); "Thumb-Nail Sketches);
(Break o' Day, and Other Stories.
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164
EDWARDS -- EGAN
Edwards, Harry Stillwell. An American
journalist and author; born in Macon, Ga. ,
April 23, 1854. He graduated from the law
department of Mercer Cniversity, and practiced
law, but in 1871 entered journalism in his na-
tive city. He is well known as a writer of
dialect stories. Among his works are : ( Two
Runaways, and Other Stories) (1889); (Sons
and Fathers.
Edwards, Henry Sutherland. An English
descriptive writer, essayist, biographer, and nov.
elist; born in London, 1828. He traveled and
studied in Russia, Turkey, and Central Europe,
acting as newspaper correspondent. He pro-
duced (The Polish Captivity) (1863); "Life of
Rossini? (1869); (The Germans in France)
(1874); (The Slavonian Provinces of Turkey)
(1876); (The Prima Donna: her History and
Surroundings from the 17th to the 19th Cen-
tury) (1888); Dutiful Daughters) (1890), a
tale of London life; etc. He is an acute
observer.
Edwards, John. An American poet; born
on the banks of the river Twrch in Wales
(whence known as Eos-Glan-Twrch or the
nightingale of the Twrch”), April 15, 1806;
died near Rome, N. Y. , Jan. 20, 1887. He did
much to promote the publication in America
of Welsh periodicals. His published poems
include (The Crucifixion) (1853), and (The
Omnipresence of God (1859).
Edwards, John, or Sion Ceiriog. A Welsh
poet; born in Crogen Wladys, Glyn Ceiriog,
1747; died in London, September 1792. He
wrote a St. David's Day ode and other pieces,
and seems to have been a popular and accom-
plished character.
Edwards, John, or Sion y Potiau. A Welsh
poet; born in Glyn Ceiriog, Denbighshire,
about 1700; died in 1776. He translated Bun-
yan's (Pilgrim's Progress) and wrote poetry.
Edwards, Jonathan. An American divine
and theological writer of world-wide fame;
born in East Windsor, Conn. , Oct. 5, 1703; died
at Princeton, N. J. , March 22, 1758.
He was the
son of Timothy Edwards, a Congregational
minister, and was himself minister at North-
ampton, Mass. , 1727-50. From 1751 to 1758 he
was an Indian missionary, and at the time of
his death he was president of the College of
New Jersey (now Princeton University). His
works are the recognized exponents of essen-
tial Calvinism next to those of its founder,
and rank high in the theological metaphysic
of all time. They include among others : (An
Inquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions
respecting that Freedom of the Will which
is Supposed to be Essential to Moral Agency)
(1754); "The Great Christian Doctrine of Ori-
ginal Sin Defended (1757 ? ); and (A Disser-
tation concerning the End for which God
Created the World' (1789). *
Edwards, Mathilda Barbara Betham. An
English novelist; born in Westerfield, Suffolk,
1836. Her sprightly fancy and the ingenuity of
her plots impart exceptional interest to "The
White House by the Seal (1857); Kitty
(1869); and many bright stories that followed.
Eeden, Frederik van (ā'den). A Dutch poet ;
born at Haarlem, about 1800. He is uncon-
ventionally graphic and original in his figures
of speech, and in true poetry has few contem-
porary equals. The famous "Little Johnny)
(1887) is a seemingly simple nature poem con-
veying profound thought. Don Torrileio) and
other plays had successful stage careers.
Eekhoud, Georges (ēk'hout). A notable
Belgian novelist; born at Antwerp, May 27,
1854. He first published two volumes of poetry,
(Myrtles and Cypresses) and Poetic Zig-
Zags); then became a newspaper literary critic
in Brussels, and wrote a few short stories.
His first considerable novel, (The Militia of
St. Francis,' is a masterly portrayal of Flemish
peasant life, especially its naïve mystic reli-
giousness. His masterpiece, New Carthage,
paints Antwerp life in its naked actuality.
Notable also is "The Fusillades at Mechlin,
a story of the peasants uprising against the
French in 1798. In poetry he has developed
from romanticism to pronounced realism. *
Effen, Justus van (ef'en). A Dutch essay-
ist ; born in Ctrecht, Feb. 21, 1684; died in
Herzogenbusch, Sept. 18, 1735.
His master-
piece, long a classic, The Dutch Spectator
(1731-35), is an imitation of Addison and Steele.
Egan, Maurice Francis. An American man
of letters; born in Philadelphia, May 24, 1852.
He early achieved distinction by his writings,
and was long professor of English literature
at the University of Notre Dame; holding
a like post at present at the Catholic Univer-
sity of America, Washington. His works in-
clude: (That Girl of Mine); (That Lover
of Mine); A Garden of Roses); "Stories of
Duty); (The Life around Us); (Lectures on
English Literature); A Primer of English
Literature); A Gentleman); (The Flower of
the Flock. His poetry includes the volumes
(Preludes,' (Songs and Sonnets,' etc.
Egan, Pierce, the Elder. An English sport-
ing writer; born in London (? ), 1772; died
there, Aug. 3, 1849. A prolific “historian of
the ring ” and kindred institutions, he dashed
off the wildly popular "Life in London' (1821),
in which we have to do with Jerry Hawthorn,
Esq. , and his "elegant friend,” Corinthian Bob,
in addition to Bob Logic the Oxonian, the
three enjoying together many “Rambles and
Sprees through the Metropolis.
Egan, Pierce, the Younger. An English nov.
elist, son of Pierce the Elder; born in Lon-
don, 1814; died there, July 6, 1880. At first an
artist, he turned to fiction, winning fame with
(Robin Hood (1840), (Wat Tyler) (1841), and
similarly conceived romances; while his later
and more sensational tales, (Imogen, (Fair
Lilias,' and others, appeared for the most part
as serials only.
)
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EGELHAAF-EICHENDORFF
165
Egelhaaf, Gottlob (ā'gel-häf). A German
historian; born in Gerabronn, Würtemberg,
March 1, 1848. He has distinguished himself
with 'A History of Germany during the Refor-
mation (3d ed. 1893); “Emperor William' (3d
ed. 1888); A History of Germany during the
Sixteenth Century until the Peace of Augs-
burg) (1888-92); and other instructive and ac-
curate works.
Egerton, Francis. See Ellesmere.
Egge, Peter (eg-ga). A Norwegian story-
writer; born in 1869. He has embodied the
experiences of a not too happy youth in such
tales as “People) and (Skibsgud.
Eggeling, Julius (āg'el-ing). A German
Sanskrit scholar and critic; born in Hecklingen,
Anhalt, July 12, 1842. He has held Sanskrit
professorships in England and Scotland, and
conferred lasting obligations upon philology in
his (The Çatapatha-Brâhmana, Translated Ac-
cording to the Text of the Mâdhyandina School)
(1882-86), and similar productions.
Egger, Émile (eg'er or ā-zhā). An eminent
French scholar; born in Paris, July 18, 1813;
died at the Royal Baths, Aug. 30, 1885. His
masterpieces are: Essay on the History of
Criticism among the Greeks) (1849); (The Po-
etic Element in Aristotle) (1874); and (Greek
Literature) (1890).
Eggleston, Edward. An American historian
and novelist; born in Vevay, Ind. , Dec. 10,
1837. In fiction he has achieved celebrity with
stories of life in Southern Indiana in pioneer
days, while as a historian he makes a specialty
of American subjects. His works include: (The
Hoosier Schoolmaster); (The End of the
World); (The Circuit Rider); Roxy); (The
Graysons); (The Faith Doctor); (The Hoosier
Schoolboy); 'Queer Stories for Boys and Girls );
(Schoolmasters' Stories ); (Mr. Blake's Walk-
ing-Stick); (Duffels); (School History of the
United States); Household History of the
L'nited States); (First Book in American His-
tory); (The Beginners of a Nation, the first
volume of a History of Life in the United
States); etc. *
Eggleston, George Cary. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer, brother of
Edward; born in Vevay, Ind. , Nov. 26, 1839.
He has long been connected in an editorial
capacity with one or another New York news-
paper, including the World, the Evening Post,
and the Commercial Advertiser. A few of his
many books are: A Man of Honor); (A
Rebel's Recollections); (The Wreck of the
Red Bird”; Red Eagle); (Juggernaut' (with
Dolores Marbourg); and for young people :
(How to Educate Yoursell); How to Make
a Living
Egill Skallagrimsson (ā'gēl skällä-grēm'-
son). A celebrated Icelandic skald of the 10th
century, who did heroic and daring deeds as
well as sung of them; he was a brave fighter
and a reckless sea-rover. The story of his
life, in (Egillsaga) or Eigla, tells how he
was a poet at three and killed his man at
seven; and how he roamed in quest of ad.
venture over northern Europe, in the wildest
vicissitudes of fortune, and finally died blind
at a good old age. It is reputed to belong to
the 13th century, but contains several indis.
putably genuine compositions of Egill; includ-
ing the song of 'The Life (or Head) Redeemed,
which placated King Ethelstan when resolved
to put the rover to death; the lament for (His
Son's Death); the song in Praise of Arin-
björn.
Egilsson, Sveinbjörn (ā'gel-son). An Ice-
landic scholar and critic; born in Gullbringa-
sysla, Feb. 24, 1791 ; died at Reikiavik, Aug.
17, 1852. He investigated ably the native an-
tiquities, edited a series of Icelandic historical
works, and completed a Poetic Lexicon of
the Ancient Tongue of the North) (1855-60),
published posthumously.
Eginhard or Einhard (āg'in-härt, in’härt).
A German historian; born in Maingau, about
770; died in Seligenstadt, March 14, 840. He
was educated by Alcuin, and afterwards became
Charlemagne's private secretary and superin-
tendent of public buildings. He married
Imma,-- a noble lady, legendarily confounded
with Emma, Charlemagne's daughter. His
chief work, a Life of Charlemagne,' is one of
the most important of mediæval histories. He
also wrote: (Annals of the Franks, 741-829;
(Epistles); and (An Account of the Transfer
of the Relics of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter. '
Eguilaz, Luis (ā-gel-äth'). A Spanish dram-
atist (1830-78); born at Xeres de la Frontera;
settled at Madrid. His plays Bitter Truths)
and “The Life of Soldier John gave him fame,
and he poured forth others in a great stream,
strong in character-drawing and very success-
ful. Among them are: (The Quarrels of
the Philosopher King'; Matrimony's Cross);
(Leaden Soldiers. )
Ehlert, Louis (āl'ert). A German composer
and writer on music; born in Königsberg, Jan.
13, 1825; died in Wiesbaden, Jan. 4, 1884.
(Letters on Music to a (Female) Friend' (1859),
(Roman Days) (1867), and (From the World
of Harmony) (2d ed. 1882), are his literary
successes.
Ehrlich, Alfred Heinrich (ārʻlich). An
Austrian musician, novelist, and writer on
music; born in Vienna, Oct. 5, 1822. His best
literary work is contained in (Art and Handi-
work) (1862), a novel; (The Development of
Musical Æsthetics from Kant's Time to our
Own (1881); and “The Art of Living and
the Art Life) (1884).
Eichendorff, Baron Joseph von (i'chen-dôrf).
A distinguished German poet; born at the cas-
tle of Lubowitz in Silesia, March 10, 1788;
died at Neisse, Nov. 26, 1857. He was the
most gifted and original romantic lyrist of Ger-
many, and the last great one. He was a high
Prussian official till 1845, when he retired. His
principal works are : (Presage and Presence);
## p. 166 (#182) ############################################
166
EICHHORN - ELIOT
)
(War to the Philistines,' a dramatic story ;
(The Life of a Good-for-Nothing,' idealizing
vagabondage; the tragedies (Ezzelin von Ro.
mano,' (The Last Hero of Marienburg, and
other plays. When God his Favor would Be-
stow,' 'In Some Cool Retreat, and others
might be called popular ballads. He is sweet,
visionary, dreamily nature-loving, but not of
great force. *
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried (ich'horn). A
German historian and Oriental scholar; born in
Dörrenzimmern, Oct. 16, 1752; died in Göt-
tingen, June 25, 1827. (A Critical and Historical
Introduction to the Old Testament) (1780–83);
(General History of Literature and Culture in
Modern Europe) (1796-99); and History of
Literature (1799); besides other studies, hap-
pily embody great research and sympatheti-
cally vitalized learning.
Eichrodt, Ludwig (ich'rot). A German hu-
morous poet (1827-92); born near Karlsruhe.
His pieces in the comic papers - which be-
gan in 1848 with (The Itch for Travel, in
Fliegende Blätter - were collected as: (Poems
in All Humors); (Lyric Caricatures); (The
Tailor's Pocketbook); Life and Love) (po-
ems). Among his dramatic poems are (The
Counts Palatine, or a Night in the Lanes of
Heidelberg,' and (Alboin. ) His Collected
Poems) (2 vols. , 1890) comprise his best pieces.
His verse, though witty, is never without seri-
ous purpose.
Eichtal, Gustave d' (ich'tal or esh-täl').
A French historical and ethnological writer;
born in Nancy, March 22, 1804; died in Paris,
April 9, 1886. He began studying social prob-
lems, but subsequently applied himself to such
topics as (The Black Race and the White
Race) (partly by J. Urbain : 1839), "Critical
and Comparative Investigation of the First
Three Gospels) (1863), and Christianity and
the Three Great Mediterranean Peoples) (1864),
with the most valuable results.
Elbe, A. von der (āl’bė), pseudonym of
Auguste von der Decken. A German novelist,
daughter and wife of important public men.
Her novels were very successful: An Old
Debt) (1890), “True Love) (1891), and (The
World of Sham (1892), increase in popularity.
Elder, Susan Blanchard. An American
poetic and dramatic writer; born in Fort Jessup,
La. , about 1835. Educated in St. Michael's
Convent of the Sacred Heart, New Orleans.
She began to write for the press, under the
Hermine,” when quite young. She has
published: (The Loss of the Papacy); James
the Second); (Savonarola. Her contribu-
tions to Roman Catholic publications are nu-
merous, and her devotional poems are very
popular. Her dramas are meant for repre-
sentation in Roman Catholic colleges.
Elder, William. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Somerset, Pa. , July 23, 1800;
died in Washington, D. C. , April 5, 1885.
Prior to the Civil War he was well known as
an abolitionist, a forceful writer, and an elo.
quent speaker. His publications include: Peri-
scopics) (1854); The Enchanted Beauty)
(1855); Life of Dr. E. K. Kane) (1857);
"Questions of the Day) (1871); and (Conver-
sations on Political Economy) (1882).
Elderton, William. An English ballad-
writer; died 1592 (? ). He wrote much, 'A New
Yorkshyre Song) being among his productions,
all vastly popular in the sixteenth century.
Eliot, Charles William. President of Har.
vard University; born in Massachusetts, 1834.
He has published Manual of Qualitative
Chemical Analysis'; Manual of Inorganic
Chemistry) (with Storer); etc. He is a con
stant writer on education and other prominent
questions of the day.
Eliot, George, pseudonym of Mary Ann
Evans. A great English novelist; born at
Arbury Farm, Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire,
Nov. 22, 1819; died in London, Dec. 22, 1880.
Her publications are : "Strauss's Life of Jesus'
(anon. : 1846); "Ludwig Feuerbach's Essence
of Christianity, by Marian Evans) (1854);
(Scenes of Clerical Life (1858); Adam Bede)
(1859); (The Mill on the Floss) (1800); (Silas
Marner? (1861); Romola) (1863; previously
in the Cornhill, July 1862 to August 1863; an
al edition de luxe," with Sir Frederick Leigh-
ton's illustrations, appeared in 1880); Felix
Holt' (1880); «The Spanish Gypsy) (1808);
(Agatha,' a poem (1869); (Middlemarch' (1872;
in parts, December 1871 to December 1872);
Jubal and Other Poems); Daniel Deronda
(1870); (Impressions of Theophrastus Such'
(1879). Two short stories, (The Lifted Veil
and Brother Jacob, appeared in Blackwood
in 1860. In addition to these, she wrote a
very large number of papers for the reviews,
such as: (Carlyle's Life of Sterling' (1852);
"Women in France (1854); (Prussia and Prus-
sian Policy) (Stahr, 1855; Dryden, 1855);
(Evangelical Teachings) (1855); (Silly Novels
by Lady Novelists) (1856); (German Wit!
(Heine, 1856); Natural History of German
Life) (1856); (Three Months at Weimar)
( 1855 ); Influence of Rationalism (1865);
(Lecky's History) (1865); Address to Work-
ingmen by Felix Holt) (1866); and Leaves
from a Note Book. ) The Life of George
Eliot' was published by her husband in 1884. *
Eliot, John. The Apostle to the Indians ");
born in Widford, Hertfordshire, England, in
1004; died at Roxbury, Mass. , May 21, 1600.
He was educated at Cambridge University,
England; emigrated to Boston in 1631. In
1640 he began his efforts to convert the In-
dians. His Indian version of the New Testa-
ment was printed at Cambridge, Mass. , 1001.
Two years later the Old Testament appeared.
He published : “The Christian Commonwealth)
(1654) ; (The Communion of Churches) (1005);
and « The Harmony of the Gospels) (1678).
Eliot, Samuel. An American historian ; born
in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 22, 1821. He filled the
(
name
(
## p. 167 (#183) ############################################
ELIZABETH - ELLIS
167
chair of political science and constitutional
law in Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. ; was
an overseer of Harvard in 1866–72. Columbia
gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1863, Har-
vard in 1880. Among his publications are:
"Passages from the History of Liberty) (1847);
(The Liberty of Rome) (2 vols. , 1849); (Man-
ual of United States History between the
Years 1792 and 1850) (1856; revised ed. 1873) ;
and (Stories from the Arabian Nights) (1879).
Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania. See Sylva.
Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, Earl of. An
English statesman, man of letters, and poet;
born in London, Jan. I, 1800, died there, Feb.
are also numerous. *
Ebert, Johann Arnold (ā'bert). A German
translator and poet; born in Hamburg, Feb. 8,
1723; died in Brunswick, March 19, 1795. His
friend Klopstock addressed a pleasing ode to
him. He is better known through his trans-
lations of Young's Night Thoughts) and other
poems than by his own work, which appears in
Epistles and Miscellaneous Verse) (1789).
Ebert, Karl Egon. An Austrian poet and
dramatist (1801-82); born at Prague. He be-
gan with dramas of Bohemian history, many
of which were staged but only one printed,
(Wratislav and Jutta) (1835). As a lyric
poet and balladist he was more successful;
his Poems) (1824) contain fine lyrics, and
(Schwerting the Saxon Duke) is still high in
popular favor. His longer poems -(Vlasta, a
National Hero-Poem of Bohemia,' and 'The
Monastery, are Auent in style, pure and ele.
gant in language. (A Monument to Karl Egon,
Prince of Fürstenberg) consists of a garland of
sonnets; (Devout Meditations of a Man of the
World' is a didactic poem.
Ebner-Eschenbach, Baroness Marie von
(āb'ner esh'en-bach). An eminent Austrian
novelist and poet; born (Countess Dubsky) at
Castle Zdislavic, Moravia, Sept. 13, 1830. Be-
ginning in 1860 as a playwright, Mary Stuart
in Scotland) (1860) and the tragedy (Marie
Roland, with the one-act dramas (Doctor Rit-
ter,' (Violets,' and (The Disconsolate One,'
were but moderately successful. Turning to
fiction, "The Princess of Banalia) (1872), a
satiric tale, made little impression; but (Two
Countesses) (1885), a story of Austrian high so-
ciety, met with striking favor, and its succes-
sors place her among the great writers. They
include: (Tales of Village and Castle'; (The
Child of the Parish); (The Rival. She has
epic power, keen psychological insight, and
quick sensibility; and is unsurpassed in grace
of form and precision of style.
Ebrard, Johannes Heinrich August
(ā'brärd). A German Protestant theological
writer, dramatist, and literary critic; born in
Erlangen, Jan. 18, 1818; died there, July 23,
1888. He led a general reform movement in
theology, producing : Philosophical Criticism of
Evangelical History) (1842); (The Dogma of
the Last Supper and its History) (1845-46);
(Practical Theology (1856); etc. ; while under
the pseudonym of “Gottfried Flammberg” he
wrote Duplessis-Mornay) (1859), and other
dramas, and "A Life in Song) (2d ed. 1872), a
collection of verse. His other pseudonym,
“Christian Deutsch, has served in connection
with (Stephen Klinger) (1872), a play, and
studies of the Ossian creations.
Ebsworth, Joseph. An English dramatist
and musician; born in London, Oct. 10, 1788;
died in Edinburgh, June 22, 1868. He wrote,
adapted, or translated many successful plays;
among them (The Rival Valets) (1825), a
comedy drama, and “The Crusaders' (1850–51),
a drama. He was an adapter rather than a
creator. His songs, learning, and versatility
made him a distinguished figure in Edinburgh
circles. He wrote also in collaboration with
his wife, Mary Emma (Fairbrother).
Eça de Queiroz, José Maria (ā'sä dė kā.
roz). A Portuguese novelist; born at Póvoa
do Varzim, Nov. 25, 1845. At first a journalist,
he traveled and was in the consular service in
many parts of the world. He introduced the
naturalistic school into Portugal. His powers
of observation and description are great, and
in his novels -(The Crime of Father Amaro)
))
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162
ECHARD -- EDERSHEIM
(1874, rewritten in 1880); ( The First Monk
of St. Basil) (1877); (A Relic) (1886) - he
portrays in master strokes the failings of
Portuguese society. His strange, half real-
istic, half fanciful story, (The Relic, weaves
into a narrative of Oriental travel a dramatic
representation of the Passion of Christ in the
form of a dream. In collaboration with Ra-
malho-Ortigảo he wrote the spirited tale of
adventure, (The Mystery of Cintra Street.
Echard or Eachard, Laurence. An English
historian; born at Barsham, Suffolk, 1670 (? );
died at Lincoln, Aug. 16, 1730. A clergyman
and a scholar, his History of England from
the First Entrance of Julius Cæsar and the
Romans to the End of the Reign of James the
First) (1707) contains a wealth of information,
including the particulars of Cromwell's inter-
view with the Devil on the morning of the
battle of Worcester. Other historical and schol-
arly works increased his reputation.
Echegaray, José (ā-cha-gär-ā'). A notable
Spanish dramatist; born in Madrid, 1832. He
is author of several treatises on mechanics and
civil engineering, and was for a time minister
of commerce and of public instruction. Since
1874, when the production of “The Avenger's
Bride opened a new and brilliant life for the
Spanish stage, he has given himself wholly to
the drama; producing in a few years thirty
plays rich in imagination, dramatic force, and
lyric talent, though with the true Spaniard's
love of the horrible. Of his greatest pieces
may be named : (The Great Galeotto); (Mad.
man or Saint); (Conflict between Two Duties);
(A Merry Life and a Sad Death. ' *
Echeverria, Estéban (ā-chā vā-rē'ä). A nota-
ble Argentine poet; born in Buenos Ayres,
1809; died in Montevideo, 1851. He published
a book of Rhymes) at 19; passed some time
in France, became a devotee of Byron and
Lamartine, and on his return published an-
other volume whose exuberance explains its
failure. But later volumes of short poems
(Counsels ); «The Female Captives); (Guitar)
prove him a genuine poet.
Eckardt, Ludwig (eck'ärt). An Austrian lit.
erary historian, essayist, and dramatist ; born in
Vienna, May 16, 1827; died at Tetchen, Bohemia,
Feb. I, 1871. His career was one of vicissitudes
owing to his political opinions, but he wrote:
Josephine, a drama; Lectures on Goethe's
Torquato Tasso) (1852); Dramatic Studies)
(1853); and other critical and biographical
studies, attaining distinction as a scholar.
Eckermann, Johann Peter (ek'er-män). A
German poet (1792-1854); born at Winsen in
Hanover. He has permanent place in litera-
ture through his deeply affectionate record of
"Conversations with Goethe in the Last Years
of his Life) (2 vols. , 1823-32); it has been trans-
lated into nearly all the languages of Europe,
even Turkish. He edited the 40-vol. edition
of Goethe's works (1839-40).
Eckstein, Ernst (ek'stin). A German hu-
morist, poet, and novelist; born at Giessen, Feb.
6, 1845. From the university he went to Paris,
and there completed his comic epos (Check to
the Queen (1870), and wrote (Paris Silhouettes)
(1873), the grotesque night-piece (The Varzin
Ghosts, and the Mute of Seville. Later he
visited different places, and wrote the stories
(Margherita'; 'At the Tomb of Cestius); (The
Mosque at Cordova. He was editor of a lit-
erary and critical journal, Hall of Poets, and
of a humorous weekly, The Wag, at Leipsic for
some years, and in 1885 settled in Dresden.
He is a very prolific and inventive writer, a
master of technique. Besides a multitude of
brilliant humorous sketches, he has written
many stories of ancient classic life, as (The
Claudii'; Aphrodite, a Story of Ancient Hel.
las); Decius the Fluteplayer: a Merry Story
of a Musician in Ancient Rome. )
Écrevisse, Peter (ā-krā-vēs'). A Flemish
novelist (1804-1879); born at Obbicht in Lim-
burg. In 1860 he withdrew from a promising
political career and devoted himself to liter-
ature. He is noted for his power of description
and his simple earnest style. Of his numerous
historical novels must be mentioned: (The
Destruction of Maestricht); (The De Witt
Brothers. He is author also of some novels
of society: (The Cancer of Cities); (The Step-
son); (The Servingman of Kempen. '
Eddy, Daniel Clark. An American clergy-
man and writer; born in Salem, Mass. , in 1823;
died in Martha's Vineyard, Mass. , July 26, 1890.
Among his numerous works are: (Burman
Apostle) (1850); Percy Family) (1852); (The
Young Woman's Friend (1855); (The Angel's
Whispers); "Waiting at the Cross); (Europa,
or Scenes in the Old World); and (The Young
Man's Friend. '
Eden, Emily. An English novelist and de-
scriptive writer; born in Westminster, March
3, 1797; died at Richmond, Surrey, Aug. 5,
1869. Her (Semi-Detached House) (1859) and
(Semi-Attached Couple) (1860) possess realistic
charm; while Portraits of the People and
Princes of India) (1844), and other impressions
of travel, do equal honor to her descriptive
excellence.
Eden, Sir Frederick Morton. An English
writer on sociology and economics; born in
Kent(? ), 1766; died in London, Nov. 14, 1809.
His painstaking study of (The State of the
Poor) (1797) is a sociological classic.
Edersheim, Alfred (ā'der-shim). A Jewish-
Christian Biblical writer; born at Vienna,
1825; died at Mentone, France, March 16, 1889.
From the universities of Vienna and Berlin he
passed to that of Edinburgh, where he studied
theology and became a minister of the Scotch
Free Church. He wrote a Bible History) 17
vols. ); (Sketches of Jewish Social Life in the
Days of Christ); (History of the Jewish Nation
after the Destruction of Jerusalem by Titus! :
Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. '
>
## p. 163 (#179) ############################################
EDGAR-EDWARDS
163
1
1
1
Edgar, John George. An English biogra-
pher and historian; born in 1834 ; died in 1864.
In business at Liverpool, he left it for literature :
edited Every Boy's Magazine, contributed to
the London press, and wrote biographies and
histories, mainly for the young; among them :
"The Boyhood of Great Men (1853); (Foot-
prints of Famous Men (1853); "Crusades and
Crusaders) (1859); "Sea Kings and Naval
Heroes) (1860); Cavaliers and Roundheads)
(1861).
Edgcumbe, Richard. An English poetaster
and wit; born in Lancaster (? ), 1716; died in
Cornwall, May 10, 1761. He was a gay spirit,
and enriched the literature of conviviality with
'The Fable of the Ass, Nightingale, and Kid);
"Ode to Health'; and other poems which were
deemed witty in their day.
Edgeworth, Maria. A distinguished Eng-
lish novelist; born in Black Bourton, Oxford-
shire (not in Berkshire), Jan. I, 1767; died in
Edgeworthstown, Ireland, May 1849. She did
her first literary work in conjunction with her
father, upon whose Irish estate she acquired
that knowledge of genial prodigality and hos-
pitable beggary to which many of her tales
owe their humor. Her principal works are :
'Castle Rackrent? (1800); "Early Lessons)
(1801); (Belinda' (1801); Moral Tales) (1801);
"The Modern Griselda) (1804); "Leonora)
(1806); (Tales of Fashionable Life) (1809-12);
Patronage (1814); (Ormond' (1817); and
'Helen (1834). *
Edgren, Anne Charlotte Leffler- (ed'gren).
A Swedish novelist, eminent in the realistic
school; born at Stockholm, Oct. 16, 1849; died
at Naples, Oct. 24, 1892. A volume of short
tales, By Chance, and the dramas, (The
Actress, (The Curate, etc. , were a great suc-
cess anonymously; and she then put her own
name to three successive volumes of short sto-
ries called (From Life,' followed by “A Sum-
mer Story,' (Woman and Erotism,' and many
others. (Ideal Women,' (The Struggle for
Happiness, and A Rescuing Angel) (the most
successful of her plays) are most notable
among her later dramas.
Edgren, August Hjalmar. A Swedish au-
thor; born in Wermland, Sweden, October 1840.
He came to the United States in 1860, and
joined the 99th New York Regiment as ad lieu-
tenant January 1862; August 1863 entered the
engineer corps. He was connected with Yale
C'niversity from 1874 to 1880, and professor of
modern languages and Sanskrit in Nebraska
C'niversity from 1880 to 1884. His numerous
publications include a Swedish work on the
Literature of America) (1878); “Swedish Lit-
erature in America) (1883); and (American
Antiquities) (1885); besides many valuable
papers for students, pertaining to Sanskrit,
Romance, and Germanic philology.
Edler, Karl Erdmann (ād'ler). An Austrian
novelist; born at Poděbrad in Bohemia, May
8, 1814. His stories have nearly all a historical
background, truthfully portrayed. Among them
may be named: (Wilfried, a Story of the Mid-
dle Age) (1874); (Gabor, a Picture of the
Steppe) (1874); (The Last Jew) (1885); “Bal-
dine) (1881); (A Bell-Ringer's Journey); Notre
Dame des Flots) (Our Lady of the Billows).
The last three were translated into English by
Lord Lytton.
Edmonstone, Sir Archibald. An English
descriptive writer, dramatist, poet, and Pietist;
born in London, March 12, 1795; died there,
March 13, 1871. He was an extensive traveler,
and wrote (A Journey to Two of the Oases
of Upper Egypt) (1822); in addition to which
(Leonora) (1832), a tragedy, (The Progress of
Religion (1842), a poem, and “The Christian
Gentleman's Daily Walk) (1840), evince fair
talent.
Edward VI. King of England; born at
Hampton Court, Oct. 12, 1537; died at Green-
wich, July 6, 1553. His Journal, a chronicle
of his every-day experiences from the time of
his accession until the year preceding his
death, and various essays and declamations in
French, Greek, and Latin, give a favorable
impression of his literary capacity.
Edwards, Amelia Blandford. An English
Egyptologist and writer of novels; born in Lon-
don, 1831; died in Weston-super-Mare, Somer-
setshire, April 15, 1892. Her novels include:
(My Brother's Wife) (1855); Hand and Glove)
(1859); and “In the Days of my Youth) (1873).
Later, she achieved great celebrity through her
writings and lectures on the antiquities of
Egypt; her best-known works in this field are
(A Thousand Miles up the Nile) (1877), and
(Pharaohs, Fellahs, and Explorers) (1891).
Edwards, Edward. An English librarian
and writer on library lore; born in London (? ),
1812; died at Niton, Isle of Wight, Feb. 10,
1886. In the Memoirs of Libraries) (1859),
(Lives of the Founders of the British Museum)
(1870), and (Sir Walter Raleigh) (1885), the
latter an experiment in biography, his mastery
of his subjects is authoritative.
Edwards, George. An English or Scotch
writer on sociology and social reform ; born in
1752; died in London, Feb. 17, 1823. Possessed
of the conviction that he held the precious
secret of the relief of man's estate, he wrote
some fifty books to disseminate the informa-
tion, among which is one with the long title:
(The Practical System of Human Economy, or
the New Era at Length Fully Ascertained,
Whereby We are Able in One Immediate Sim-
ple Undertaking to Remove the Distress, Bur-
dens, and Grievances of the Times, and to
Bring All our Interests, Public, Private, and
Commercial, to their Intended Perfection)
(1816).
Edwards, George Wharton. An American
artist and author ; born in Connecticut in 1860.
He is a resident of Plainfield, N. J. Most of
his stories have appeared in the Century Mag-
azine. His works include: (P'tit Matinic', and
Other Monotones); "Thumb-Nail Sketches);
(Break o' Day, and Other Stories.
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164
EDWARDS -- EGAN
Edwards, Harry Stillwell. An American
journalist and author; born in Macon, Ga. ,
April 23, 1854. He graduated from the law
department of Mercer Cniversity, and practiced
law, but in 1871 entered journalism in his na-
tive city. He is well known as a writer of
dialect stories. Among his works are : ( Two
Runaways, and Other Stories) (1889); (Sons
and Fathers.
Edwards, Henry Sutherland. An English
descriptive writer, essayist, biographer, and nov.
elist; born in London, 1828. He traveled and
studied in Russia, Turkey, and Central Europe,
acting as newspaper correspondent. He pro-
duced (The Polish Captivity) (1863); "Life of
Rossini? (1869); (The Germans in France)
(1874); (The Slavonian Provinces of Turkey)
(1876); (The Prima Donna: her History and
Surroundings from the 17th to the 19th Cen-
tury) (1888); Dutiful Daughters) (1890), a
tale of London life; etc. He is an acute
observer.
Edwards, John. An American poet; born
on the banks of the river Twrch in Wales
(whence known as Eos-Glan-Twrch or the
nightingale of the Twrch”), April 15, 1806;
died near Rome, N. Y. , Jan. 20, 1887. He did
much to promote the publication in America
of Welsh periodicals. His published poems
include (The Crucifixion) (1853), and (The
Omnipresence of God (1859).
Edwards, John, or Sion Ceiriog. A Welsh
poet; born in Crogen Wladys, Glyn Ceiriog,
1747; died in London, September 1792. He
wrote a St. David's Day ode and other pieces,
and seems to have been a popular and accom-
plished character.
Edwards, John, or Sion y Potiau. A Welsh
poet; born in Glyn Ceiriog, Denbighshire,
about 1700; died in 1776. He translated Bun-
yan's (Pilgrim's Progress) and wrote poetry.
Edwards, Jonathan. An American divine
and theological writer of world-wide fame;
born in East Windsor, Conn. , Oct. 5, 1703; died
at Princeton, N. J. , March 22, 1758.
He was the
son of Timothy Edwards, a Congregational
minister, and was himself minister at North-
ampton, Mass. , 1727-50. From 1751 to 1758 he
was an Indian missionary, and at the time of
his death he was president of the College of
New Jersey (now Princeton University). His
works are the recognized exponents of essen-
tial Calvinism next to those of its founder,
and rank high in the theological metaphysic
of all time. They include among others : (An
Inquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions
respecting that Freedom of the Will which
is Supposed to be Essential to Moral Agency)
(1754); "The Great Christian Doctrine of Ori-
ginal Sin Defended (1757 ? ); and (A Disser-
tation concerning the End for which God
Created the World' (1789). *
Edwards, Mathilda Barbara Betham. An
English novelist; born in Westerfield, Suffolk,
1836. Her sprightly fancy and the ingenuity of
her plots impart exceptional interest to "The
White House by the Seal (1857); Kitty
(1869); and many bright stories that followed.
Eeden, Frederik van (ā'den). A Dutch poet ;
born at Haarlem, about 1800. He is uncon-
ventionally graphic and original in his figures
of speech, and in true poetry has few contem-
porary equals. The famous "Little Johnny)
(1887) is a seemingly simple nature poem con-
veying profound thought. Don Torrileio) and
other plays had successful stage careers.
Eekhoud, Georges (ēk'hout). A notable
Belgian novelist; born at Antwerp, May 27,
1854. He first published two volumes of poetry,
(Myrtles and Cypresses) and Poetic Zig-
Zags); then became a newspaper literary critic
in Brussels, and wrote a few short stories.
His first considerable novel, (The Militia of
St. Francis,' is a masterly portrayal of Flemish
peasant life, especially its naïve mystic reli-
giousness. His masterpiece, New Carthage,
paints Antwerp life in its naked actuality.
Notable also is "The Fusillades at Mechlin,
a story of the peasants uprising against the
French in 1798. In poetry he has developed
from romanticism to pronounced realism. *
Effen, Justus van (ef'en). A Dutch essay-
ist ; born in Ctrecht, Feb. 21, 1684; died in
Herzogenbusch, Sept. 18, 1735.
His master-
piece, long a classic, The Dutch Spectator
(1731-35), is an imitation of Addison and Steele.
Egan, Maurice Francis. An American man
of letters; born in Philadelphia, May 24, 1852.
He early achieved distinction by his writings,
and was long professor of English literature
at the University of Notre Dame; holding
a like post at present at the Catholic Univer-
sity of America, Washington. His works in-
clude: (That Girl of Mine); (That Lover
of Mine); A Garden of Roses); "Stories of
Duty); (The Life around Us); (Lectures on
English Literature); A Primer of English
Literature); A Gentleman); (The Flower of
the Flock. His poetry includes the volumes
(Preludes,' (Songs and Sonnets,' etc.
Egan, Pierce, the Elder. An English sport-
ing writer; born in London (? ), 1772; died
there, Aug. 3, 1849. A prolific “historian of
the ring ” and kindred institutions, he dashed
off the wildly popular "Life in London' (1821),
in which we have to do with Jerry Hawthorn,
Esq. , and his "elegant friend,” Corinthian Bob,
in addition to Bob Logic the Oxonian, the
three enjoying together many “Rambles and
Sprees through the Metropolis.
Egan, Pierce, the Younger. An English nov.
elist, son of Pierce the Elder; born in Lon-
don, 1814; died there, July 6, 1880. At first an
artist, he turned to fiction, winning fame with
(Robin Hood (1840), (Wat Tyler) (1841), and
similarly conceived romances; while his later
and more sensational tales, (Imogen, (Fair
Lilias,' and others, appeared for the most part
as serials only.
)
## p. 165 (#181) ############################################
1
EGELHAAF-EICHENDORFF
165
Egelhaaf, Gottlob (ā'gel-häf). A German
historian; born in Gerabronn, Würtemberg,
March 1, 1848. He has distinguished himself
with 'A History of Germany during the Refor-
mation (3d ed. 1893); “Emperor William' (3d
ed. 1888); A History of Germany during the
Sixteenth Century until the Peace of Augs-
burg) (1888-92); and other instructive and ac-
curate works.
Egerton, Francis. See Ellesmere.
Egge, Peter (eg-ga). A Norwegian story-
writer; born in 1869. He has embodied the
experiences of a not too happy youth in such
tales as “People) and (Skibsgud.
Eggeling, Julius (āg'el-ing). A German
Sanskrit scholar and critic; born in Hecklingen,
Anhalt, July 12, 1842. He has held Sanskrit
professorships in England and Scotland, and
conferred lasting obligations upon philology in
his (The Çatapatha-Brâhmana, Translated Ac-
cording to the Text of the Mâdhyandina School)
(1882-86), and similar productions.
Egger, Émile (eg'er or ā-zhā). An eminent
French scholar; born in Paris, July 18, 1813;
died at the Royal Baths, Aug. 30, 1885. His
masterpieces are: Essay on the History of
Criticism among the Greeks) (1849); (The Po-
etic Element in Aristotle) (1874); and (Greek
Literature) (1890).
Eggleston, Edward. An American historian
and novelist; born in Vevay, Ind. , Dec. 10,
1837. In fiction he has achieved celebrity with
stories of life in Southern Indiana in pioneer
days, while as a historian he makes a specialty
of American subjects. His works include: (The
Hoosier Schoolmaster); (The End of the
World); (The Circuit Rider); Roxy); (The
Graysons); (The Faith Doctor); (The Hoosier
Schoolboy); 'Queer Stories for Boys and Girls );
(Schoolmasters' Stories ); (Mr. Blake's Walk-
ing-Stick); (Duffels); (School History of the
United States); Household History of the
L'nited States); (First Book in American His-
tory); (The Beginners of a Nation, the first
volume of a History of Life in the United
States); etc. *
Eggleston, George Cary. An American
journalist and miscellaneous writer, brother of
Edward; born in Vevay, Ind. , Nov. 26, 1839.
He has long been connected in an editorial
capacity with one or another New York news-
paper, including the World, the Evening Post,
and the Commercial Advertiser. A few of his
many books are: A Man of Honor); (A
Rebel's Recollections); (The Wreck of the
Red Bird”; Red Eagle); (Juggernaut' (with
Dolores Marbourg); and for young people :
(How to Educate Yoursell); How to Make
a Living
Egill Skallagrimsson (ā'gēl skällä-grēm'-
son). A celebrated Icelandic skald of the 10th
century, who did heroic and daring deeds as
well as sung of them; he was a brave fighter
and a reckless sea-rover. The story of his
life, in (Egillsaga) or Eigla, tells how he
was a poet at three and killed his man at
seven; and how he roamed in quest of ad.
venture over northern Europe, in the wildest
vicissitudes of fortune, and finally died blind
at a good old age. It is reputed to belong to
the 13th century, but contains several indis.
putably genuine compositions of Egill; includ-
ing the song of 'The Life (or Head) Redeemed,
which placated King Ethelstan when resolved
to put the rover to death; the lament for (His
Son's Death); the song in Praise of Arin-
björn.
Egilsson, Sveinbjörn (ā'gel-son). An Ice-
landic scholar and critic; born in Gullbringa-
sysla, Feb. 24, 1791 ; died at Reikiavik, Aug.
17, 1852. He investigated ably the native an-
tiquities, edited a series of Icelandic historical
works, and completed a Poetic Lexicon of
the Ancient Tongue of the North) (1855-60),
published posthumously.
Eginhard or Einhard (āg'in-härt, in’härt).
A German historian; born in Maingau, about
770; died in Seligenstadt, March 14, 840. He
was educated by Alcuin, and afterwards became
Charlemagne's private secretary and superin-
tendent of public buildings. He married
Imma,-- a noble lady, legendarily confounded
with Emma, Charlemagne's daughter. His
chief work, a Life of Charlemagne,' is one of
the most important of mediæval histories. He
also wrote: (Annals of the Franks, 741-829;
(Epistles); and (An Account of the Transfer
of the Relics of St. Marcellinus and St. Peter. '
Eguilaz, Luis (ā-gel-äth'). A Spanish dram-
atist (1830-78); born at Xeres de la Frontera;
settled at Madrid. His plays Bitter Truths)
and “The Life of Soldier John gave him fame,
and he poured forth others in a great stream,
strong in character-drawing and very success-
ful. Among them are: (The Quarrels of
the Philosopher King'; Matrimony's Cross);
(Leaden Soldiers. )
Ehlert, Louis (āl'ert). A German composer
and writer on music; born in Königsberg, Jan.
13, 1825; died in Wiesbaden, Jan. 4, 1884.
(Letters on Music to a (Female) Friend' (1859),
(Roman Days) (1867), and (From the World
of Harmony) (2d ed. 1882), are his literary
successes.
Ehrlich, Alfred Heinrich (ārʻlich). An
Austrian musician, novelist, and writer on
music; born in Vienna, Oct. 5, 1822. His best
literary work is contained in (Art and Handi-
work) (1862), a novel; (The Development of
Musical Æsthetics from Kant's Time to our
Own (1881); and “The Art of Living and
the Art Life) (1884).
Eichendorff, Baron Joseph von (i'chen-dôrf).
A distinguished German poet; born at the cas-
tle of Lubowitz in Silesia, March 10, 1788;
died at Neisse, Nov. 26, 1857. He was the
most gifted and original romantic lyrist of Ger-
many, and the last great one. He was a high
Prussian official till 1845, when he retired. His
principal works are : (Presage and Presence);
## p. 166 (#182) ############################################
166
EICHHORN - ELIOT
)
(War to the Philistines,' a dramatic story ;
(The Life of a Good-for-Nothing,' idealizing
vagabondage; the tragedies (Ezzelin von Ro.
mano,' (The Last Hero of Marienburg, and
other plays. When God his Favor would Be-
stow,' 'In Some Cool Retreat, and others
might be called popular ballads. He is sweet,
visionary, dreamily nature-loving, but not of
great force. *
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried (ich'horn). A
German historian and Oriental scholar; born in
Dörrenzimmern, Oct. 16, 1752; died in Göt-
tingen, June 25, 1827. (A Critical and Historical
Introduction to the Old Testament) (1780–83);
(General History of Literature and Culture in
Modern Europe) (1796-99); and History of
Literature (1799); besides other studies, hap-
pily embody great research and sympatheti-
cally vitalized learning.
Eichrodt, Ludwig (ich'rot). A German hu-
morous poet (1827-92); born near Karlsruhe.
His pieces in the comic papers - which be-
gan in 1848 with (The Itch for Travel, in
Fliegende Blätter - were collected as: (Poems
in All Humors); (Lyric Caricatures); (The
Tailor's Pocketbook); Life and Love) (po-
ems). Among his dramatic poems are (The
Counts Palatine, or a Night in the Lanes of
Heidelberg,' and (Alboin. ) His Collected
Poems) (2 vols. , 1890) comprise his best pieces.
His verse, though witty, is never without seri-
ous purpose.
Eichtal, Gustave d' (ich'tal or esh-täl').
A French historical and ethnological writer;
born in Nancy, March 22, 1804; died in Paris,
April 9, 1886. He began studying social prob-
lems, but subsequently applied himself to such
topics as (The Black Race and the White
Race) (partly by J. Urbain : 1839), "Critical
and Comparative Investigation of the First
Three Gospels) (1863), and Christianity and
the Three Great Mediterranean Peoples) (1864),
with the most valuable results.
Elbe, A. von der (āl’bė), pseudonym of
Auguste von der Decken. A German novelist,
daughter and wife of important public men.
Her novels were very successful: An Old
Debt) (1890), “True Love) (1891), and (The
World of Sham (1892), increase in popularity.
Elder, Susan Blanchard. An American
poetic and dramatic writer; born in Fort Jessup,
La. , about 1835. Educated in St. Michael's
Convent of the Sacred Heart, New Orleans.
She began to write for the press, under the
Hermine,” when quite young. She has
published: (The Loss of the Papacy); James
the Second); (Savonarola. Her contribu-
tions to Roman Catholic publications are nu-
merous, and her devotional poems are very
popular. Her dramas are meant for repre-
sentation in Roman Catholic colleges.
Elder, William. An American miscellaneous
writer; born in Somerset, Pa. , July 23, 1800;
died in Washington, D. C. , April 5, 1885.
Prior to the Civil War he was well known as
an abolitionist, a forceful writer, and an elo.
quent speaker. His publications include: Peri-
scopics) (1854); The Enchanted Beauty)
(1855); Life of Dr. E. K. Kane) (1857);
"Questions of the Day) (1871); and (Conver-
sations on Political Economy) (1882).
Elderton, William. An English ballad-
writer; died 1592 (? ). He wrote much, 'A New
Yorkshyre Song) being among his productions,
all vastly popular in the sixteenth century.
Eliot, Charles William. President of Har.
vard University; born in Massachusetts, 1834.
He has published Manual of Qualitative
Chemical Analysis'; Manual of Inorganic
Chemistry) (with Storer); etc. He is a con
stant writer on education and other prominent
questions of the day.
Eliot, George, pseudonym of Mary Ann
Evans. A great English novelist; born at
Arbury Farm, Chilvers Coton, Warwickshire,
Nov. 22, 1819; died in London, Dec. 22, 1880.
Her publications are : "Strauss's Life of Jesus'
(anon. : 1846); "Ludwig Feuerbach's Essence
of Christianity, by Marian Evans) (1854);
(Scenes of Clerical Life (1858); Adam Bede)
(1859); (The Mill on the Floss) (1800); (Silas
Marner? (1861); Romola) (1863; previously
in the Cornhill, July 1862 to August 1863; an
al edition de luxe," with Sir Frederick Leigh-
ton's illustrations, appeared in 1880); Felix
Holt' (1880); «The Spanish Gypsy) (1808);
(Agatha,' a poem (1869); (Middlemarch' (1872;
in parts, December 1871 to December 1872);
Jubal and Other Poems); Daniel Deronda
(1870); (Impressions of Theophrastus Such'
(1879). Two short stories, (The Lifted Veil
and Brother Jacob, appeared in Blackwood
in 1860. In addition to these, she wrote a
very large number of papers for the reviews,
such as: (Carlyle's Life of Sterling' (1852);
"Women in France (1854); (Prussia and Prus-
sian Policy) (Stahr, 1855; Dryden, 1855);
(Evangelical Teachings) (1855); (Silly Novels
by Lady Novelists) (1856); (German Wit!
(Heine, 1856); Natural History of German
Life) (1856); (Three Months at Weimar)
( 1855 ); Influence of Rationalism (1865);
(Lecky's History) (1865); Address to Work-
ingmen by Felix Holt) (1866); and Leaves
from a Note Book. ) The Life of George
Eliot' was published by her husband in 1884. *
Eliot, John. The Apostle to the Indians ");
born in Widford, Hertfordshire, England, in
1004; died at Roxbury, Mass. , May 21, 1600.
He was educated at Cambridge University,
England; emigrated to Boston in 1631. In
1640 he began his efforts to convert the In-
dians. His Indian version of the New Testa-
ment was printed at Cambridge, Mass. , 1001.
Two years later the Old Testament appeared.
He published : “The Christian Commonwealth)
(1654) ; (The Communion of Churches) (1005);
and « The Harmony of the Gospels) (1678).
Eliot, Samuel. An American historian ; born
in Boston, Mass. , Dec. 22, 1821. He filled the
(
name
(
## p. 167 (#183) ############################################
ELIZABETH - ELLIS
167
chair of political science and constitutional
law in Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. ; was
an overseer of Harvard in 1866–72. Columbia
gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1863, Har-
vard in 1880. Among his publications are:
"Passages from the History of Liberty) (1847);
(The Liberty of Rome) (2 vols. , 1849); (Man-
ual of United States History between the
Years 1792 and 1850) (1856; revised ed. 1873) ;
and (Stories from the Arabian Nights) (1879).
Elizabeth, Queen of Roumania. See Sylva.
Ellesmere, Francis Egerton, Earl of. An
English statesman, man of letters, and poet;
born in London, Jan. I, 1800, died there, Feb.
