The Greek
Christian
Poets, and the English Poets.
Cambridge History of English Literature - 1908 - v02
Heywood as Life and Death of Hector in
1614. Reprint begun by E. E. T. S. Part 1, 1906, ed. Bergen, H.
Prose. The Damage and Destruction of Realms. Printed by Treverys
c. 1520.
Besides the editions noticed above (especially Schick's Temple of Glass, and
Zupitza) and the portions appartenant in the various histories of English
Literature, including Morley's English Writers, vi, consult Gray's
Metrum; Warton, History of English Poetry, 11. (ed. Hazlitt); Ritson,
Bibliographia Poetica u. s. ; Courthope, History of English Poetry, 1, 1895;
Gregory Smith, The Transition Period, Edinburgh, 1900; and the present
writer's History of English Prosody, I, 1906. See also Sidney Lee's
bibliography of Lydgate in the D. of N. B. , for MSS, fuller lists, etc. ,
and also H. N. McCracken’s Lydgate Canon, E. E. T. S. 1908, referred to
below.
## p. 469 (#487) ############################################
Chapter VIII
469
OCCLEVE.
No early editions except The Letter of Cupid, and perhaps one, or two
more, in the early edd. of Chaucer.
De Regimine Principum. Ed. Wright, T. Roxburghe Club, 1860.
Poems. Ed. Mason, G. 1796.
Tale of Jonathas, included by W. Browne in the Shepherds Pipe. 1614.
Works. E. E. T. S. I and 11. 1892-7. Ed. Furnivall, F. J. The editorial
matter of these contains the fullest information and discussion yet given
as to 0. ; and something as to him will generally be found in the neigh-
bourhood of notices of Lydgate, e. g. in Ten Brink, Hist. Eng. Lit. , vol. 11,
Eng. trans. pp. 212 ff.
BENEDICT BURGH.
Aristotle's A B C, in Babees Book, ed. Furnivall, F. J. E. E. T. S. 1868.
Christmas Game, A. , in Wright's Christmas Carols, Peroy Society, 1841 (also
by Furnivall in N. and Q. 1868).
Great and Little Cato. Printed three times by Caxton. Facsimile reprint of
1477 ed. princeps. Cambridge, 1906.
Secrets of the Philosophers (with Lydgate). Ed. Steele, R. E. E. T. S. 1894.
Part printed by Halliwell in Lydgate's Minor Poems and by Ashmole
in Theatrum Chemicum.
GEORGE ASHBY.
Poems. Ed. Bateson, M. E. E. T. 8. 1899. MSS in Trinity College and
University Libraries, Cambridge.
HENRY BRADSHAW.
Life of St Radegund. Printed by Pynson, n. d.
Life of St Werburgh. Printed by Pynson, 1521. Reprinted by Chetham
Society (ed. Hawkins, E. , Manchester, 1848) and E. E. T. S. (ed. Horst-
mann, C. ), 1887.
GEORGE RIPLEY AND OTHER ALCHEMISTS.
The standard collection, not superseded yet, is Elias Ashmole's Theatrum
Chemicum Britannicum. 1652. More than once reprinted.
OSBERN BOKENAM.
Saints' Lives. Ed. for Roxburghe Club (1835) and by Horstmann, C. (Heil-
bronn, 1883).
CHAUCERIANA.
In early edd. of Chaucer as above, more or fewer. The most important
except the Tale of Beryn (Chaucer Society, ed. Furnivall and Stone, 1884)
in the seventh and supplementary volume of W. W. Skeat's Works of
Chaucer, Oxford, 1897.
For critical and other apparatus on the minor poets after Occleve see edd.
mentioned and the general authorities cited under Lydgate, especially
Morley's English Writers, vi, adding, for the Chanceriana, the passages
appurtenant in edd. of Chaucer and books on him. The most important
monograph is that on The Origin and Sources of the Court of Love,' by
W. A. Neilson, Harvard, 1899.
(For Thomas Usk's Testament of Love, found in Chaucer edd. from Thynne
onwards, see Bradley, H. , Athenaeum, 6 February 1897, and in Engl.
Stud. XXIII, 437; and Skeat, W. W. , Chaucerian and other pieces, 1897. ]
## p. 470 (#488) ############################################
470
Bibliography
Since the chapter on the Chaucerians was printed and the above biblio-
graphy was composed, the long desired revision of Ritson's list of Lydgate's
works has appeared in the form of a lecture to the Philological Society
by Henry Noble McCracken. This introduces important variations in the
canon, such formerly accepted works as London Lickpenny being, for in-
stance, excluded. The list must henceforward be taken into serious account
by all Lydgate students. Its author puts it forth in no dictatorial manner.
But, as it proceeds on the premiss that 'Lydgate was always smooth,' im-
poses arbitrary rime tests and disqualifies such positive testimony as that
of Hawes to his master's work, it is evident that there must be room for
considerable difference of opinion as to the probable correctness of this re-
vision.
CHAPTER IX
STEPHEN HAWES
EDITIONS.
Here begynneth the boke called the example of vertu. (Wynkyn de
Worde, 1512. )
Here foloweth a compendyous story, and it is called the exemple of verta,
in the whiche ye shall fynde many goodly
storys & naturall dysputacyons
bytwene foure ladyes named Hardynes, Sapyence, Fortune, and Nature.
Compyled by Stephyn Hawys one of ye gromes of the most honorable
chambre of oure souerayne lorde kynge Henry the . vii. And prýted . xx.
day of Apryll. Anno dñi. M. CCCCC. XXX. (Wynkyn de Worde. ]
The Passetyme of Pleasure, or the History of Graunde Amoure and la Bel
Pucel, conteining the Knowledge of the Seven Sciences and the Course
of Mans Life in this Worlde. (Wynkyn de Worde, 1509. ]
The History of Graund Amoure and La Bel Pucell, called The Pastime of
Pleasure, Conteynyng the Knowledge of the Seven Sciences, and the
Course of Mans Life in this Worlde. Invented by Stephen Hawes,
Grome of Kyng Henry the Seventh his chamber. Anno Domini, 1555.
[Richard Tottel. ]
The Pastime of Pleasure: An Allegorical Poem. Reprinted from the edition
of 1555. Ed. Wright, Thomas. Percy Society. 1845.
The couercyon of swerers (on a riband). [Wynkyn de Worde, 1509. ]
CA Ioyfull medytacyon to all Englonde of the coronacyon of our moost
naturall souerayne lorde kynge Henry the eight. [Wynkyn de Worde, n. d. ]
The Conversyon of Swerers: A Joyfull Medytacyon to all Englonde of the
Coronacyon of Kynge Henry the Eyght. Ed. Laing, David. Abbotsford
Club. Edinburgh, 1865.
Comfort of Louers. Emprynted by me Wynkyn de Worde. [n. d. ]
ILLUSTRATIVE WORKS.
Bale, John. Illustrium Maioris Britanniae Scriptorum Catalogus. 1 vol.
Basileae. Apud Joannem Oporinum. 1557-9. The 1548 edition of
Bale does not mention Hawes.
Browning, E. B.
The Greek Christian Poets, and the English Poets. 1863.
Minto, W. Characteristics of English Poets. Edinburgh and London.
1874, 1885.
## p. 471 (#489) ############################################
Chapter IX
471
Morley, Henry. English Writers. Vol. VII. 1891.
Saintsbury, G. Flourishing of Romance and Rise of Allegory. Edinburgh
and London. 1897.
A History of English Prosody. Vol. 1. 1906.
Schick, J. Introduction to Lydgate's Temple of Glas. E. E. T. S. Ex. Ser.
LX. 1891,
Ten Brink, B. History of English Literature. Vol. III. Eng. trans. 1896.
Warton, T. The History of English Poetry. 3 vols. 1774–81. Ed. Hazlitt,
W. Carew. 4 vols. 1871.
Wood, Anthony à. Athenae Oxonienses. 2 vols. 1691-2. Ed. Bliss, P.
4 vols. 1813-20.
[For the note on p. 224 of the text, thanks are due to Percy Lubbock, of
Magdalene College. ]
[For Bernard Andreas or André, of Toulouse, see Gairdner, J. , Memorials
of Henry VII, Rolls Series, 1858. ]
CHAPTER X
THE SCOTTISH CHAUCERIANS
General Authorities.
Chambers's Cyclopaedia of English Literature. 1901.
Courthope, W. J. History of English Poetry. Vol. I. 1895.
Henderson, T. F. Scottish Vernacular Literature. 1898.
Jusserand, J. J. A Literary History of the English People. Vols. I and II.
1895, 1906.
Millar, J. H. A Literary History of Scotland. 1903.
Morley, Henry. English Writers. Vols. Vi and vii. 1890, 1891.
Smith, G. Gregory. The Transition Period. 1900.
(For references to Sibbald, Irving and other authorities, see under each
anthor, infra).
JAMES I, KING OF SCOTS.
(i) The Kingis Quair.
MS. Only extant MS, Bodleian, Oxford (Arch. Selden, B. 24, foll. 192-211).
Date of MS, after 1488.
Editions. Poetical Remains of James the First, King of Scotland. Edin-
burgh, 1783. This anonymous volume was edited by William Tytler
(father of Lord Woodhouslee). The poem, which is described as having
been 'never before published' was printed from an indifferent transcript.
The Works of James I, King of Scotland, containing the Kingis Quhair
(sic: see note infra), Christis Kirk of the Grene, and Peblis to the Play.
Perth, 1786. This is one of R. Morison's publications. It follows
Tytler's very closely.
Chalmers, George, included the poem in his Poetic Remains of the Scotish
Kings, 1824. A worthless text.
Sibbald, J. , in his Chronicle of Scottish Poetry, 1802, printed 160 of the 197
stanzas (1, pp. 14-54).
## p. 472 (#490) ############################################
472
Bibliography
Skeat, W. W. The Kingis Quair, together with A Ballad of Good Counsel.
By King James I of Scotland. Scottish Text Society, Edinburgh, 1884.
This edition supersedes all the others. Skeat had published previously, in
1871, in the first edition of his Specimens of English Literature from 1394
to 1579, stanzas 152–173 of the poem.
Thomson, Ebenezer. The King's Quair, a poem, by James, K. of Scots.
(? First edition. Ayr, 1815). Second edition. Ayr, 1824.
[It is, perhaps, scarcely necessary to remind the reader of D. G. Rossetti's
The King's Tragedy. )
Critical (including the question of James I's authorship).
Brown, J. T. T. The Authorship of the Kingis Quair. A New Criticism.
Glasgow, 1896. An attempt to disprove James I's authorship.
Irving, D. History of Scotish Poetry, 1861, pp. 123–160.
Jusserand, J. J. Jacques 1er d’Écosse fut-il poète ? Étude sur Panthenticité
du Cahier du Roi. Paris, 1897. A reprint of an article in La Revue
historique, 1897, vol. lxiv-a complete answer to Brown's criticism.
The Romance of a King's Life. 1896. An English version of an article
in La Revue de Paris, Feb. 1894, pp. 172–199.
Neilson, W. A. The Origins and Sources of the Court of Love (Harvard
Studies), 1899, pp. 152 et seq. , 233 et seq.
Ross, John M. Scottish History and Literature, 1884, pp. 132–159.
Skeat, W. W. Chancerian and other Pieces, 1897, p. lxxv. (Oxford Chaucer,
vol. VII. )
Introduction to text, u. s.
Wischmann, Walther. Untersuchungen über das Kingis Quair Jakobs I
von Schottland. Wismar, 1887.
NOTE. The confusion of quhair (where) with quair (quire, book) in
references to the title of James I's poem is unfortunately too common.
Cf. Morison's edition, u. s. and Ross's account of the poem, u. s. The
frequency of quh- in Middle Scots sometimes caused error even in con-
temporary texts: e. g. quhod for quod, which occurs once in Lyndsay's
Dreme (St Andrews, 1554).
Reference has been made (p. 92, note 1) to the stronger southern character
of the texts of the Early Transition period. Consideration of this fact
may have suggested the ingenious speculation that the Kingis Quair was
written by James I in the southern dialect and that the text which we have
is a copy by a northern scribe. James's authorship is not disputed, but there
would seem to be some question of the historical value of the conclusions
regarding the mixed character of the language. The theory assumes that
James, having been captured at an early age, and having spent many years
in England, must have forgotten his native speech. Against this we place
Bower's statement respecting the king's companions in exile (see also Jusse-
rand, Jacques Ier etc. , u. s. , pp. 16 et seq. ) and the assumption-not less reason-
able than the other-that in circumstances such as James's the once familiar
speech would not be entirely forgotten, and that it would act as a disturbing
factor in his efforts to reproduce literary English. Further, it is hard to
believe that a Scottish scribe, bent on transforming the text, would, or could
make any changes in word or rime except in accordance with Scots usage.
(Note the evidence of 'lakketh,' st. 27; "stynten,' st. 117; 'regne'-'benigne,'
st. 37; and the northern rimes generally. )
## p.
1614. Reprint begun by E. E. T. S. Part 1, 1906, ed. Bergen, H.
Prose. The Damage and Destruction of Realms. Printed by Treverys
c. 1520.
Besides the editions noticed above (especially Schick's Temple of Glass, and
Zupitza) and the portions appartenant in the various histories of English
Literature, including Morley's English Writers, vi, consult Gray's
Metrum; Warton, History of English Poetry, 11. (ed. Hazlitt); Ritson,
Bibliographia Poetica u. s. ; Courthope, History of English Poetry, 1, 1895;
Gregory Smith, The Transition Period, Edinburgh, 1900; and the present
writer's History of English Prosody, I, 1906. See also Sidney Lee's
bibliography of Lydgate in the D. of N. B. , for MSS, fuller lists, etc. ,
and also H. N. McCracken’s Lydgate Canon, E. E. T. S. 1908, referred to
below.
## p. 469 (#487) ############################################
Chapter VIII
469
OCCLEVE.
No early editions except The Letter of Cupid, and perhaps one, or two
more, in the early edd. of Chaucer.
De Regimine Principum. Ed. Wright, T. Roxburghe Club, 1860.
Poems. Ed. Mason, G. 1796.
Tale of Jonathas, included by W. Browne in the Shepherds Pipe. 1614.
Works. E. E. T. S. I and 11. 1892-7. Ed. Furnivall, F. J. The editorial
matter of these contains the fullest information and discussion yet given
as to 0. ; and something as to him will generally be found in the neigh-
bourhood of notices of Lydgate, e. g. in Ten Brink, Hist. Eng. Lit. , vol. 11,
Eng. trans. pp. 212 ff.
BENEDICT BURGH.
Aristotle's A B C, in Babees Book, ed. Furnivall, F. J. E. E. T. S. 1868.
Christmas Game, A. , in Wright's Christmas Carols, Peroy Society, 1841 (also
by Furnivall in N. and Q. 1868).
Great and Little Cato. Printed three times by Caxton. Facsimile reprint of
1477 ed. princeps. Cambridge, 1906.
Secrets of the Philosophers (with Lydgate). Ed. Steele, R. E. E. T. S. 1894.
Part printed by Halliwell in Lydgate's Minor Poems and by Ashmole
in Theatrum Chemicum.
GEORGE ASHBY.
Poems. Ed. Bateson, M. E. E. T. 8. 1899. MSS in Trinity College and
University Libraries, Cambridge.
HENRY BRADSHAW.
Life of St Radegund. Printed by Pynson, n. d.
Life of St Werburgh. Printed by Pynson, 1521. Reprinted by Chetham
Society (ed. Hawkins, E. , Manchester, 1848) and E. E. T. S. (ed. Horst-
mann, C. ), 1887.
GEORGE RIPLEY AND OTHER ALCHEMISTS.
The standard collection, not superseded yet, is Elias Ashmole's Theatrum
Chemicum Britannicum. 1652. More than once reprinted.
OSBERN BOKENAM.
Saints' Lives. Ed. for Roxburghe Club (1835) and by Horstmann, C. (Heil-
bronn, 1883).
CHAUCERIANA.
In early edd. of Chaucer as above, more or fewer. The most important
except the Tale of Beryn (Chaucer Society, ed. Furnivall and Stone, 1884)
in the seventh and supplementary volume of W. W. Skeat's Works of
Chaucer, Oxford, 1897.
For critical and other apparatus on the minor poets after Occleve see edd.
mentioned and the general authorities cited under Lydgate, especially
Morley's English Writers, vi, adding, for the Chanceriana, the passages
appurtenant in edd. of Chaucer and books on him. The most important
monograph is that on The Origin and Sources of the Court of Love,' by
W. A. Neilson, Harvard, 1899.
(For Thomas Usk's Testament of Love, found in Chaucer edd. from Thynne
onwards, see Bradley, H. , Athenaeum, 6 February 1897, and in Engl.
Stud. XXIII, 437; and Skeat, W. W. , Chaucerian and other pieces, 1897. ]
## p. 470 (#488) ############################################
470
Bibliography
Since the chapter on the Chaucerians was printed and the above biblio-
graphy was composed, the long desired revision of Ritson's list of Lydgate's
works has appeared in the form of a lecture to the Philological Society
by Henry Noble McCracken. This introduces important variations in the
canon, such formerly accepted works as London Lickpenny being, for in-
stance, excluded. The list must henceforward be taken into serious account
by all Lydgate students. Its author puts it forth in no dictatorial manner.
But, as it proceeds on the premiss that 'Lydgate was always smooth,' im-
poses arbitrary rime tests and disqualifies such positive testimony as that
of Hawes to his master's work, it is evident that there must be room for
considerable difference of opinion as to the probable correctness of this re-
vision.
CHAPTER IX
STEPHEN HAWES
EDITIONS.
Here begynneth the boke called the example of vertu. (Wynkyn de
Worde, 1512. )
Here foloweth a compendyous story, and it is called the exemple of verta,
in the whiche ye shall fynde many goodly
storys & naturall dysputacyons
bytwene foure ladyes named Hardynes, Sapyence, Fortune, and Nature.
Compyled by Stephyn Hawys one of ye gromes of the most honorable
chambre of oure souerayne lorde kynge Henry the . vii. And prýted . xx.
day of Apryll. Anno dñi. M. CCCCC. XXX. (Wynkyn de Worde. ]
The Passetyme of Pleasure, or the History of Graunde Amoure and la Bel
Pucel, conteining the Knowledge of the Seven Sciences and the Course
of Mans Life in this Worlde. (Wynkyn de Worde, 1509. ]
The History of Graund Amoure and La Bel Pucell, called The Pastime of
Pleasure, Conteynyng the Knowledge of the Seven Sciences, and the
Course of Mans Life in this Worlde. Invented by Stephen Hawes,
Grome of Kyng Henry the Seventh his chamber. Anno Domini, 1555.
[Richard Tottel. ]
The Pastime of Pleasure: An Allegorical Poem. Reprinted from the edition
of 1555. Ed. Wright, Thomas. Percy Society. 1845.
The couercyon of swerers (on a riband). [Wynkyn de Worde, 1509. ]
CA Ioyfull medytacyon to all Englonde of the coronacyon of our moost
naturall souerayne lorde kynge Henry the eight. [Wynkyn de Worde, n. d. ]
The Conversyon of Swerers: A Joyfull Medytacyon to all Englonde of the
Coronacyon of Kynge Henry the Eyght. Ed. Laing, David. Abbotsford
Club. Edinburgh, 1865.
Comfort of Louers. Emprynted by me Wynkyn de Worde. [n. d. ]
ILLUSTRATIVE WORKS.
Bale, John. Illustrium Maioris Britanniae Scriptorum Catalogus. 1 vol.
Basileae. Apud Joannem Oporinum. 1557-9. The 1548 edition of
Bale does not mention Hawes.
Browning, E. B.
The Greek Christian Poets, and the English Poets. 1863.
Minto, W. Characteristics of English Poets. Edinburgh and London.
1874, 1885.
## p. 471 (#489) ############################################
Chapter IX
471
Morley, Henry. English Writers. Vol. VII. 1891.
Saintsbury, G. Flourishing of Romance and Rise of Allegory. Edinburgh
and London. 1897.
A History of English Prosody. Vol. 1. 1906.
Schick, J. Introduction to Lydgate's Temple of Glas. E. E. T. S. Ex. Ser.
LX. 1891,
Ten Brink, B. History of English Literature. Vol. III. Eng. trans. 1896.
Warton, T. The History of English Poetry. 3 vols. 1774–81. Ed. Hazlitt,
W. Carew. 4 vols. 1871.
Wood, Anthony à. Athenae Oxonienses. 2 vols. 1691-2. Ed. Bliss, P.
4 vols. 1813-20.
[For the note on p. 224 of the text, thanks are due to Percy Lubbock, of
Magdalene College. ]
[For Bernard Andreas or André, of Toulouse, see Gairdner, J. , Memorials
of Henry VII, Rolls Series, 1858. ]
CHAPTER X
THE SCOTTISH CHAUCERIANS
General Authorities.
Chambers's Cyclopaedia of English Literature. 1901.
Courthope, W. J. History of English Poetry. Vol. I. 1895.
Henderson, T. F. Scottish Vernacular Literature. 1898.
Jusserand, J. J. A Literary History of the English People. Vols. I and II.
1895, 1906.
Millar, J. H. A Literary History of Scotland. 1903.
Morley, Henry. English Writers. Vols. Vi and vii. 1890, 1891.
Smith, G. Gregory. The Transition Period. 1900.
(For references to Sibbald, Irving and other authorities, see under each
anthor, infra).
JAMES I, KING OF SCOTS.
(i) The Kingis Quair.
MS. Only extant MS, Bodleian, Oxford (Arch. Selden, B. 24, foll. 192-211).
Date of MS, after 1488.
Editions. Poetical Remains of James the First, King of Scotland. Edin-
burgh, 1783. This anonymous volume was edited by William Tytler
(father of Lord Woodhouslee). The poem, which is described as having
been 'never before published' was printed from an indifferent transcript.
The Works of James I, King of Scotland, containing the Kingis Quhair
(sic: see note infra), Christis Kirk of the Grene, and Peblis to the Play.
Perth, 1786. This is one of R. Morison's publications. It follows
Tytler's very closely.
Chalmers, George, included the poem in his Poetic Remains of the Scotish
Kings, 1824. A worthless text.
Sibbald, J. , in his Chronicle of Scottish Poetry, 1802, printed 160 of the 197
stanzas (1, pp. 14-54).
## p. 472 (#490) ############################################
472
Bibliography
Skeat, W. W. The Kingis Quair, together with A Ballad of Good Counsel.
By King James I of Scotland. Scottish Text Society, Edinburgh, 1884.
This edition supersedes all the others. Skeat had published previously, in
1871, in the first edition of his Specimens of English Literature from 1394
to 1579, stanzas 152–173 of the poem.
Thomson, Ebenezer. The King's Quair, a poem, by James, K. of Scots.
(? First edition. Ayr, 1815). Second edition. Ayr, 1824.
[It is, perhaps, scarcely necessary to remind the reader of D. G. Rossetti's
The King's Tragedy. )
Critical (including the question of James I's authorship).
Brown, J. T. T. The Authorship of the Kingis Quair. A New Criticism.
Glasgow, 1896. An attempt to disprove James I's authorship.
Irving, D. History of Scotish Poetry, 1861, pp. 123–160.
Jusserand, J. J. Jacques 1er d’Écosse fut-il poète ? Étude sur Panthenticité
du Cahier du Roi. Paris, 1897. A reprint of an article in La Revue
historique, 1897, vol. lxiv-a complete answer to Brown's criticism.
The Romance of a King's Life. 1896. An English version of an article
in La Revue de Paris, Feb. 1894, pp. 172–199.
Neilson, W. A. The Origins and Sources of the Court of Love (Harvard
Studies), 1899, pp. 152 et seq. , 233 et seq.
Ross, John M. Scottish History and Literature, 1884, pp. 132–159.
Skeat, W. W. Chancerian and other Pieces, 1897, p. lxxv. (Oxford Chaucer,
vol. VII. )
Introduction to text, u. s.
Wischmann, Walther. Untersuchungen über das Kingis Quair Jakobs I
von Schottland. Wismar, 1887.
NOTE. The confusion of quhair (where) with quair (quire, book) in
references to the title of James I's poem is unfortunately too common.
Cf. Morison's edition, u. s. and Ross's account of the poem, u. s. The
frequency of quh- in Middle Scots sometimes caused error even in con-
temporary texts: e. g. quhod for quod, which occurs once in Lyndsay's
Dreme (St Andrews, 1554).
Reference has been made (p. 92, note 1) to the stronger southern character
of the texts of the Early Transition period. Consideration of this fact
may have suggested the ingenious speculation that the Kingis Quair was
written by James I in the southern dialect and that the text which we have
is a copy by a northern scribe. James's authorship is not disputed, but there
would seem to be some question of the historical value of the conclusions
regarding the mixed character of the language. The theory assumes that
James, having been captured at an early age, and having spent many years
in England, must have forgotten his native speech. Against this we place
Bower's statement respecting the king's companions in exile (see also Jusse-
rand, Jacques Ier etc. , u. s. , pp. 16 et seq. ) and the assumption-not less reason-
able than the other-that in circumstances such as James's the once familiar
speech would not be entirely forgotten, and that it would act as a disturbing
factor in his efforts to reproduce literary English. Further, it is hard to
believe that a Scottish scribe, bent on transforming the text, would, or could
make any changes in word or rime except in accordance with Scots usage.
(Note the evidence of 'lakketh,' st. 27; "stynten,' st. 117; 'regne'-'benigne,'
st. 37; and the northern rimes generally. )
## p.
