No More Learning

. ". things they they have before his majesty's council refused
give
shall say you from us, and there our
name. Given under our signet our castle Windsor, the 24th August, the first year
our reign. ”
The King's Instructions given the said Lord Chancellor, Wingfield, and Ism. Paget, knights, 24th August, 1551.
“First you the said lord chancellor and your colleagues shall make your immediate repair the said lady Mary, giving her his majes ty's hearty commendations, and shew the cause
them firm credit those
that which pertaineth every true faith suoject, the offence far his majesty
your coming followeth. -Although
his majesty hath long time, well his ma sending thither late his officers message,
jesty's own inouth and writing, his coun but also the causes their absence now pre
cil, travelled that the said lady being his sister, sently. And further, the default the said and principal subject and member his officers, take order, well with her chap
and derogation his authority, that
wise
the punishment them could forborn and
yet the manner the punishment them,
his majesty and his council hath such conside
ration and respect her person, being his sister,
that without doubt his majesty could not with
honour have had the like considcration or favour the punishment the dearest counsellor
hath, any them had offended and therefore his majesty hath sent you three not only declare her grace the causes their
any wise use main any other manner
the law
the realm participate
this his majesty's determination
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551] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [552
hains, as with the whole household, that his with her grace, for the declarations the majesty's laws may be there observed. And in causes your coming, shall then cause
the communication with her, you shall take called afore you the chaplains, and the occasion to answer in his majesty's name cer rest the houshold there present, and the tain points of her Letter, sent now lately to his king's majesty's name most straitly forbid the majesty. The copy of which letter is now also chaplains either say use any mass sent you to peruse, for your better instruction kind service, other than the law autho how to proceed therein. First, her allegation of rised; and likewise shall forbid the rest the promise made to the emperor must be so an the company present any such pro swered, as the truth of the matter serveth, where hibited service, upon pain most straitly of every of you have heard sufficient testimony punished, worthily falling into the danger divers times in the council. For her offering of the king's indignation, and alike charge them her body at the king's will, rather than to all, that any such offence shall openly
change her conscience, it grieveth his majesty
much, that her conscience is so settled in error,
and yet no such thing is meant of his majesty,
nor of any one of his council once to hurt, or
will evil to her body, but even from the bottom
of their heart they wish to her Menten sanam
in corpore sano. And therefore ye shall do very well to persuade her grace, that this proceed--
bath to avoid the offence of God, and of neces Item, forasmuch
ing cometh only of the conscience the king with prison,
any other person, disobe shall commit them forth shall think convenient. —
sary counsel and wisdom to see his laws in so mination Richmond, and there understood
weighty causes executed. Item, because it is how necessary was have reformation here
pleasure that
own chief officers
servant shall advertise houshold, the intent
have under
the same may
other where helped conveniently, her grace you give observed, and you shall judge shall not lack. -Item, having thus proceeded fit, certify hither. ”
lic Records
The Writ Manner
manner followeth
Evidence touching the Order and the Misdemeanor Winchester,
supplied any store here
44. Proceedings against STEPHEN GARDIN ER, bishop Winchester, for opposing the Reformation Religion, and disobeying the King's Orders and Injunctions respecting the same: Edw. VI. 1551.
FIRST
will set before the reader the copy
appointed certain orders injunctions be generally observed which being such
some part touched the reformation many abuses, and other parts concerned the good governance and quiet the realm, were (as
reason would) men sorts obediently received, and reverently observed and executed, saving only the bishop Winchester, who
well conference with other, open protestation and letters also, shewed such will ful disobedience therein, had not been quickly espied, might have bred much unquiet ness and trouble upon the knowledge thereof
being sent for, and his lewd proceedings
certain Writ Evidence against the said Bishop, wherein, brief sum, generally described the whole order and manner of his misordered deineanour, copied out the pub
with Declaration the Faults wherewith was justly charged.
“Whereas the king's majesty, the advice the Lord Protector and the rest his high ness's privy council, thinking requisite for sun
secretly committed, they shall advertise some his majesty's council. the which clause shall use the reasons their natural duty
were privy the deter
and allegiance that they owe subjects their sovereign lord, which derogateth other earthly duties. —Item, you shall find either any the priests,
dient this order,
thought that Rochester had the care and con sideration of her grace's provision of household,
your discretion the manner the proceed disordered or disfurnished ; his majesty hath ing herein, any thing shall chance arise
sent a trusty skilful man of his own houshold, there that your opinions might otherwise to serve her grace for the time. Who also is than according these instructions, conduce sufficiently instructed of Ruchester of the state you the execution your charge, which
and by his absence the same might either be
ofher things of houshold. And ifthere shall one sum avoid the use
the private the house shall devise
be any thing lacking in the same, his majesty's
mass, and other unlawful service
the said Lady Mary. —Item,
some means you may,
standing after your departure, how the order
his majesty upon the great confidence
hath your wisdom and uprightness, remitteth
[Fox's Acts and Monum. 711. ]
dry urgent considerations have general
visitation throughout the whole realm, did
about ten months past address forth Commis
sioners, and the advice sundry bishops otherwise) was thought worthy most sharp
receive the said Orders and Injunctions, and other the best learned men the realm, punishment: and yet considering the place
laid his charge, the presence the whole council, used himself, (as well denying
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553] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing the Reformation. [554
had been was only sequestered the have stirred great tumult, and certain Fleet, where after he had remained certain great inatters touching the policy the realm, time, much his ease had been handled himself colourably, therein his own house, upon his promise conformity showed himself open great offender, and
liberty again, and also very seditious man: forsomuch these his
his diocese proceedings were such sort, being suffered was, forget escape unpunished might breed innumerable
had made, inconveniences, and that the clemencies shew he began forthwith set forth such matters, him afore, their grace and lordships,
bred again more strife, variance, and con did work him good effect, but rather tention that one small city and shire, than pride and boldness demean himself more and was almost the whole realm after. Besides more disobediently against his majesty's and that, the lord protector's grace and the council
was both set licensed repair
and remain Where when ting his duty, and what promise
his pleasure.
were informed, that, withstand such he
thought have been sent from their grace and
lordships into those parts, had caused his
servants secretly armed and harnessed, time his committing, Ralph Sadler and and inoreover when such preachers, being William Hunnings, clerk the council, should
men godly life and learning, were sent into
that diocese his grace and lordships
preach the word God, had appointed
preach, the bishop, disappoint and disgrace ed, first here the reader noted, how
them, and hinder his majesty's proceedings,
did occupy the pulpit himself, not fearing
his sermon warn the people beware
such new preachers, and embrace none injunctions, for the which justly deserved other doctrine but that which had taught much more severe punishment, albeit the king them, (than the which words none could have with his uncle the lord protector, more gently been spoken inore perilous and seditious. ) proceeding with him, were contented only
his grace's proceedings, was determined
their grace and lordships, that should committed the Tower, and conveyed thi ther Anthony Wingfield, and that the
seal the doors such places his house they should think meet; which was done accordingly. ”—By this evidence abovemention
lewdly and disobediently the said Stephen Gar diner misused himself the king's general vi sitation, denying receive such orders and
Whereupon, being eftsoons sent for, and their
grace and lordships objecting him many
particular matters, wherewith they had just
cause charge him, they did the end upon
his second promise leave him liberty, only
willing him remain his house London,
because they thought most meet sequester
him from his diocese for time; and being ticulars were too long here rehearse, consi come his house, began afresh ruffle dering how this book overcharged see and meddle matters, wherein had neither already; and especially seeing the same commission nor authority; part whereof notified our first edition sufficiently, touched the king's majesty. Whereof being aforesaid. Wherefore, omitting the rehearsal yet once again admonished his grace and these said letters, and referring the reader their lordships, did not only promise con the book aforesaid, will only repeat one letter form himself things like good subject,
but also because he understood that he was di versly reported and many were also offend ed with him, he offered declare the world his conformity, and promised open sermon
the said bishop, with the answers the lord
Letter Winchester Master Vaughan. “Master Vaughan, after my right hearty upon, that such had been offended, should commendations: my last letters my lord protector, signifying, according the general
open his mind sundry articles agreed
have no more cause be offended, but well satisfied things. Declaring further, that his own conscience was well satisfied, and liked well the king's proceedings within this
disobediently, and that the presence his majesty, their grace and lordships, and such audience the like whereof hath not lightly
been seen, speak certain matters contrary
an express commandment given him his majesty's behalf, both mouth and letters, but also the rest of the articles whereunto
had agreed before, used such matter utterance was very like even there presently,
cominandment letters given justices peace, the state this shire, declared (as supposed true) the shire good order,
quiet, and conformity, for had not then heard any alteration this shire, which the said
letters of commandment did forbid. Now of
late within these two days, have heard
great and detestable (if true that told me) innovation the town Portsmouth, where the images Christ and his saints have been most contemptuously pulled down, and spitefully handled. Herein thought good both write you and the mayor, the king's majesty's chief ministers, well know the truth, consult with you for the reformation
the intent may seen discharge
realm, would utter his conscience abroad, the satisfaction and good quiet others. And yet this notwithstanding, the day appointed, did not only most arrogantly and
make him taste the Fleet. the which house, his durance was not long, his intreating and ordering was very easy. Out the which
Fleet, divers and sundry letters wrote the
lord protector and other also the archbishop
the council, certain Canterbury, and some
master Ridley bishop
London the par
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555] STATE TRLALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [556
my duty, and discharging it indeed both to God clouts and pitch, whereof and whereupon our and to the king's majesty, under whom I am books made, such few can skill of, and
here appointed to have cure, and care to re
lieve such as be by any ways fallen, and pre
serve the rest that stand from like danger. Ye
not the hundredth part the realm and we few that can read, because we read one sort letters, privileged they have many re
are a gentleman with whom I have had ac liefs, shall pull away the books the rest, and
quaintance, and whom I know to be wise, and would have our letters only estimation, and
esteem to have more knowledge, wisdom, and blind them, shall not they have just cause
discretion, than to allow any such enormities, mistrust what meant And the cross and therefore I do the more willingly consult truth, and true that Christ suffer with you herein, with request friendly to know ed, why may we not have writing thereof, of you the very truth in the matter, who be the such can read, that say image? doers, and the circumstances of and whe this opinion should proceed, when the king's ther you think the matter far gone with the majesty hereafter should shew his person, his multitude, and whether the reproof and dis lively image, the honour due God's law among proving the deed, might without further such might continue; but for the king's
danger enterprised the pulpit, not,
minding, may be, send one thither
for that purpose upon Sunday next coming.
would use preaching should not occa
sion any further folly where folly begun, proveth false images made stocks and stones, and multitude, persuaded the opinion and so doth false men made of flesh and bones.
destruction images, would never preach. —When the emperor's money was shewed
For (as Scripture willeth us) we should cast Christ, wherein was the image the emperor, precious stones before hogs. Such in Christ condemned not that image calling
sected with that opinion, they hogs and idol, nor noted that money against God's worse than hogs, there any grosser beasts law, because had image though than hogs be, and have been ever taken, and were against the precept God, Thou shalt
membrance their state and acts; and the and such as have known vexed with that pursuivant carrieth not his breast the king's devil (as have known some) nevertheless
name written with such letters as few can
spell, but such can read, they never rude, being great known letters images
wonderously obstinate and they can find one that can spell Latin help forth their
were the Jews, and slander whatsoever said beasts holding those arms. And that can them for their relief. Of this sort know
three lions, and three flowers luce, and other
not read the scripture written about the king's great seal, yet can read saint George
horseback the one side, and the king sitting
them be, and therefore wish there were many that sort with you, would not irritate them preaching without fruit, but labour for reformation my Lord Protector. But you thought there might other ways used first
his majesty
the other side, and readeth those images,
much written honest man,
good effect, would follow your advice, and the seal were broken chance, would and proceeding with you and the mayor, with both
will put of his cap, and although
your helps that may me the re dress the matter; which take be such enterprise against Christ's religion, there cannot greater man excogitate with the and stones, which matter images graven, devil's instigation, and this time much hurt the common state, can your wis dom consider. Whom heartily desire and
might make candle yet would not noted have broken the seal for that pur
pose, call piece wax only whilst continueth whole. And reviling stocks
the setting the truth read them
all men shall be contemned how shall such
writing continue honour comprised pray send me answer this bearer these
standards, his banners, his arms should hardly continue their due reverence for fear of Lol lards idolatry, which they gather upon scripture beastly, not only untruely. The scripture re
England they are called Lollards, who deny
ing images, thought there withal the crafts
painting and graving generally superfluous
and naught, and against God's laws. —In Ger
many, such maintained that opinion de
stroying images, were accounted the dregs
cast out Luther after had tunned his
brewings Christ's religion, and taken
hogs meat. For the reproof whom Luther ment, stones, wood, bones, A. the Chan wrote book specially, and have with mine cery hand, and the Secretary hand, eyes seen the images standing churches, letter Germany fashion, any other where Luther was had estimation. For the form, they one estimation, and may destruction images containeth enterprise be, man inclining the devil, used for
subvert religion and the state the world
with and especially the nobility, who
images set forth and spread abroad read people, their lineage, parentage, with re
falsehood, applying God's gracious calling, used set forth truth. terrible matter
think, that this false opinion conceived against images should trouble any man's head
have graven image; but taught them good
civility, calling the emperor's image, and
bid them use the money was ordered used his right use. —There scripture that reproveth truth, and scripture reproveth
falsehood. False writings, false books, false images and false men, nought, con temned and despised; for paper, ink, parch
madness, they more obdurate than ever
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557] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing the Reformation. [553
A Letter of the Lord Protector” answering - to the Letter above.
After hearty commendations, I received of
late two letters from your lordship, the one in
closed in a letter of master Vaughan's to us,
and directed to him, the other directed straight
unto us, very wittily and learnedly written,
whereby we do perceive how earnest you are try giving cause thereto. —They that condemn that no innovations should be had. The which images, because the matter that they are made mind of yours as we do highly esteem and al but vile, stocks and stones, may like low, proceeding from one that would quietness, wise despise printing paper because the so we would likewise wish, that you should take ink hath pitch and the paper made good heed that too much fear of innovation or old rags. And they both alike, might disturbance doth not cause both of them to be.
Many times in an host, he that crieth enemies!
enemies! when there be none, causeth not only
disturbance, but sometimes a mutiny or rebel
lion to be made, and he that for fear of a sick doubted word God comprised, should ness to come taketh unadvisedly a purgation, torn pieces, burned made paste Nor sometimes maketh himself sick indeed. We we now speak false Bibles, nor false gos perceive by the said your letters, that hainouser
facts and words have been brought to your
cares, than there was cause why : and those
facts which were punishable be already by him
redrest. —For the matter of Images, an order
was taken in the late king of famous memory
our sovereign lord's days. When the abused
images (yet lurking in some places by negli
gence of them who should ere this time have
looked unto the same), be now abolished,
not that matter the abolishing
images. Though felons and adulterers
nished, men not slain. Though the sight. We cannot see but that images may images which did adulterate God's glory counted marvellous books whom we have taken away, we may not think and kneeled, whom we have kissed, upon whom we manner images destroyed. Yet after have rubbed our beads and handkerchiefs, unto our advice, better were for time abolish whom we have lighted candles, whom we have them all, than that for the dead images the asked pardon and help, which thing hath seldom king's loving subjects, being faithful and true been seen done the gospel God, the very
the king's majesty, should put variance true Bible. For who kissed that but the priest and disturbance. With quietness the magis the mass, painted picture, such
trates and rulers shall keep them well order, ceremony Or who kneeleth unto setteth whom contentious preachers might irritate and candle before it? and yet seeth heareth, provoke disorder and strife. So must well the images pictures either St. provided that the king's majesty's images, arms John, our Lady, Christ. —Indeed images and ensigns, should honoured and wor great letters; yet big they be, we have shipped, after the decent order and invention seen many which have read them aniss. And
human laws and ceremonies, and never like they likely read amiss, that theless that other images, contrary God's God himself, fearing the Jews become evil ordinances and laws, should not made par readers them, generally did forbid them. takers that reverence, adoration and invo Nor any great marvel though reading cation, which (forbidden God) should dero them the lay-people are many times deceived, gate ilis honour, and be occasion accumulate when your lerdship, appeareth, hath not God's wrath upon us. Where they taken truly read most true and most common
my letters, to the intent I may use myself in his counsel and order; yet more gentleness sending of a preacher thither, or writing to my was shewed those books images, than Lord Protector, as the case shall require ac the true and unfeigned books God's word, cordingly. And thus fare you heartily well. both being abused, the one with idolatry, the From my house at Wolvesey, the 3rd of May, other with contention. The Scripture was re 1547. STEPH WINT.
moved for time from certain persons, and almost from the images were left still them who most did abuse them, the thing be ing yet closed from them which should teach the use. Wherefore may appear unto meet, more diligenter heed taken that the abused before not abused again, the ad vantage some priests, simplicity laymen, and great inclination man's nature idola
reasoned why man should more ag grieved, that image wood, though were St. Anne, St. Margaret, should burned,
than will that the Bible, wherein the un
for remembrance, maketh great matter
though they stand still the church market stead, following the late king famous memory
image. Your lordship hath found out, the king's highness great seal, St. George horse back, which the graver never made nor the sealer ever . ealed with it; and this inscrip
pu
pels, but the very true gospel, either Latin, Greek, English, which we see every day done, and sometime commanded, because the translator displeaseth us; and yet herein
man exclaimeth terrible and detestable fact done. But let one image either for age, and because worm-eaten, because hath been foolishly abused, burnt abo lished, and some men are exceeding rage, though not stock stone, but true saint of flesh and bone should be cast into the fire, which were detestable and terrible
Edward duke of Somerset. See No. 41 tion not very little, and were, could and 42. not escape your lordship's eyes. As the in
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559] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [560
scription testifieth, the king's image is on both but our lady and Christ false images and the sides; on the one side as in war the chief idols, representing foolish, blind and igno captain; on the other side as in peace the rant mens hearts and thoughts, that which was liege sovereign; in harness with his sword not them, and they ought not made drawn to defend his subjects; in his robes in for. The which were you, my lord, have the seat of justice with his sceptre rightfully to been removed sooner, and before that the cap
tain there should have need to have done it. But your lordship slack such matters, that removeth false images and idols abused doth not thing worthy blame. —Christ
rule and govern them, as he whom both in peace
and war we acknowledge our most natural and
chiefest head, ruler and governor. If it were
St. George, my lord, where is his spear and
dragon And why should the inscription round called not the money, having Caesar's image
about tell an untruth, and not agree to the
idol, when was used lawful uses, and pay the due tribute withal. But when
image Yet it is called sometimes so of the
rude and ignorant people; but not by and by,
that, that is commonly called so, is always money his neighbour good and the com
truest. And some have thought that by like deceiving, as your lordship herein appeareth to have been deceived, the image of Bellerophon
monwealth service, saint Paul, Christ's disciple, called that covetousness, and the serving and bondage idols. that even money may
idolatry, we make too much those images which Christ here doth not reprehend.
or Perseus was turned first and appointed to
be St. George, and of Polyphemus, of Hercules,
or of some other Colossus, to be St. Christo There be some so ticklish and so fearful one
pher, because authentical histories have not ways, and tender stomached, that they can fully proved their two lives. But those be in abide no old abuses reformed, but think different to be true or not true, either thus in every reformation capital enterprise vented upon some devise, or rising of a true fact against religion and good order: there
or history, and whether it were true or not, it on the contrary side some too rash, who having maketh no great matter. —It were hardly done consideration what done, headlong indeed, my lord, if that you, and a few which will set upon every thing. The magistrate's can read, should take away from the unlearned duty betwixt these, mean see and multitude their books of their images: but it provide that old doting should not take further were more hardly done, if that you or a few deeper rust the commonwealth, neither which can read in one or two languages, (as ancient error overcome the seen and tried truth
Greek and Latin) the word of God, and have nor long abuse, for the age and space time had thereby many reliefs and privileges, should only, still suffered and yet these with pull away the English books from the rest quietness and gentleness, and without con which only understand English ; and would tention, were possible,
have only your letters of Greek and Latin in To the which your lordship,
estimation, and bind all them, which under God hath given great qualities
stand not these languages, from the knowledge and persuasion, could bring great help and fur of God's word. And indeed, my lord, by your therance, were your pleasure, with great saying, they have just occasion to suspect what thanks of men and reward of God. The which is meant. —What you mean by true images and thing our full desire and purpose, and our false images, it is not so easy to perceive. If hearty and daily prayer God, that the they be only false images, which have nothing king's majesty's time, whose majesty's reign that they represent, as St. Paul writeth, An God preserve, abuses with wisdom reformed,
man doth not use those images graven
idol is nothing, because there is no such god, and therefore the cross can be no false image, because it is true that Christ suffered upon it : then the image of the sun and the moon were no idols, for such things there be as the sun and the moon, and they were in the image then so represented, as painting and carving doth represent them. And the image of Ninus and Cesar, and (as some write) the images of
the chosen gods (as they called them)
were the images once living men. And
might said that the image God the Father
hath such eyes, nose, lips, and long grey
beard, with furred robe, nor ever had, they
carve and paint him have But that
false image and an idol which otherwise wor with his tattling. And alas, my lord, this
shipped and accepted than the brazen serpent, being representation Christ,
ought be, true image and abuse was made
piteous case, that having much business have, these inward disorders should added unto them, the courage such would
idol; may thought times past, and this realm any ways evil. For this the thing peradventure now this time, some places, they would desire, with hope thereby dis the images not only St. John St. Anne, order this realm, being now time rather
wit, learning,
Christ's religion with good and politic order the Commonwealth, without any contention and strife among the king's subjects, might
flourish and daily increase. And this your lordships letter sent master Vaughan Portsmouth.
Winchester the Lord Protector.
May please your grace understand, that
have noted some points my lord Saint David's sermon, which send unto you here with, whereby declare unto you some part
what think, for the whole cannot express: somewhat shall incumber you with my bab bling, but hath incumbered some friends more
reformed. man whom
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561] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —for opposing Reformation. [502
repair that which needeth reparation, than nority our sovereign lord. told the em make any new buildings which they pretend. peror's council, That our late sovereign lord Quiet, tranquillity, unity, and concord shall did much for the emperor, enter war with maintain estimation. The contrary may ani him, and put his realm his old days mate the enemy attempt that which was the adventure fortune, whether should never thought on, which God forbid. There
was never attempt alteration made Eng land, but upon comfort discord home, and
enjoy no, for that the nature war.
woe them that mind my lord
Saint David's, such others, have their head
cumbered with any new platform, would wish
they were commanded, between this and the
king's majesty's full age, draw the plat, dili
gently bew the stones, dig the sand, and
chop the chalk the unseasonable time
building, and when the king's majesty cometh know you haye authority sufficient, and wisdom
full age, present their labours him, and the mean time not disturb the state the
realm, whereof your grace protector, but
that you may every part religion, laws, vising the world large. And were lands, and decrees (which four contain the sworn say what think the state the state) deliver the same unto our sovereign world, would for time let Scots be Scots, lord, according unto the trust you put
which shall much your honour, and
honest men wish and desire. To which desired
effect there can nothing noisome and
contrarious, trouble and disquiet. Wherein
your grace shall specially troubled,
whose shoulders the weight lieth; and what
soever shall happen amiss the faults other,
shall imputed your grace, doer thereof,
wanting foresight
time withstand the
did with
unto him. And this alliance your estima tion shall encrease, and our sovereign lord's
same. And albeit that you mind not faulty either, yet the effect not the
realm were wished, the prince though were age should excused, and the governors bear the blame. And this the infelicity preheminence and authority, and
specially this realm, stories make men tion, which should not discourage you, for you need fear nothing without, quiet reserved
surety not little encrease and augmented. For France must taken for rule, they wanton, they cannot well longer than
they see how they may scourged they
not. Here all the wit that have, which offer unto you upon this occasion writing, and shall pray God put into your mind that which shall be for the best, trust he will and the mean time extinguish this bar barous contention home, which can serve only hurt, and good. had fashioned
home; and home the beginning re
sisted, the intended folly may easily inter
rupted. But my brother Saint David's
may like champion with his sword his letter Master Ridley, which send unto hand, make enter for the rest, the door
cence opened, there shall more folly thrust
with him than your grace would wish. Thus, think, write homely your grace, be
cause you were content should write, wherein consider only have things well. And because your grace the protector, and the
your grace, and incumber you with these me lancholy writings, ingendered this fondness, which not worth the reading. And
may like you use them, for having heard that which have said unto me, and otherwise heard and seen what you do, shall occupy my wit other matters, and now such have fond enterprises shall see that letted not their
and after his time you have done much your honour and reputation; howsoever any shall be here not contented; which misconten
chief director the realm, present unto
your wisdom, my folly follies, which they *
what have been oftentimes blamed for fearing over much, and
called God's word. But for his time the king our sovereign lord that dead
yet have had inkling that they that blamed me, feared even much Being the state that you in, shall ever com
tion hath been fond some, they have
mendable foresee the worst. quiet
be strong; trouble greatly weak, and
bring yourself danger one part, when breach his laws kill me: which t
o. :ne parties be, therewith one scourge the other. token marvellous fury, which had been Whereas concord they both yours, cause why am glad both depart hence, and honest, reverent, lovely fear their duty, depart the sooner, and pray God order
which doubt not your wisdom can consider.
And consider also how noisome any other out
word incumber might the time the mi WOL.
things for the best, with preservation our
sovereign lord, and increase your grace's honour.
And sometime the contemned and abject have
had the upper hand. And when administer the realin for another, were marvellous question him that shall enjoy the realm, say, what meant you the time adminis tration adventure my realin Why took not rather for the time my minority any peace whatsoever were, which better than the best war, some men have written
plenty, and yet being entered write, forget for the time what be, and commune with you were talking Brussels with you, de
with despair have them, unless were conquest, which shall goodly enterprise for
our young master when cometh age. And the mean time prepare him money for and set the realm an order which hath
need And for stay, the emperor would
offer the king with him
Romans' daughter, did our minister's minority,
his, whereby this hath chanced
burst out and wished, that they might
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563] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [564
At my house in Southwark, the last of Feb ruary. Your grace's humble beadunan,
S. W.
charge your grace more than needed, being already burthened heavily. And albeit
the commonwealth every man hath his part, yet God hath placed you, the matter under the king's majesty, chiefly yours, and
Another Letter of Winchester.
After my humble commendations to your were yours alone. Every man hath his eye grace, it may like the same to understand, I directed unto you both here and abroad, you have seen of late two books set forth in Eng shall shadow mens doings they done, lish by Bale, very pernicious, seditious, and which one incommodity high rule. And sland, rous. And albeit that your grace need for my part, besides my duty the king's eth not nine advertisement in that matter, yet inajesty and the realm, would that your
I ain so bold to trouble your grace with iny grace, whom, since your government, have
commodity, sogentleness humanity, letters for mine own wherewith to found much and
had ever any
your
grieveth me not a little, to see, so soon after your quiet among ourselves,
satisfy mine own conscience, to write and say much honour with good success
as becometh me in such which I de o and
matters, had, pray
God that men would let sire your grace to take in good part. For it grace alone, and suffer the realm the time
y
my late sovereign lord and master's death, a whereb we the more able resist
book spread abroad more to his dishonour trouble, which your grace doth pru prince's honour may vile inferior subjects dently foresee. Certain printers, players, and
inpeached) than professed enemies have ima gined, note woman have suffered under him martyr, and the woman there with
Bale's own elucidation, calleth
set forth and painted she appeareth be,
and boasted sacramentary, and
the laws worthy (as she suffered) the pains
death; such like things have stealth our
late soverei-n lord's days gone abroad they
do now. And as am wont such cases to thing marvellous, that the same time speak, keep my wont write your grace
now,
whose hands know the state the
time almost every man would believed and
realm for the time government, and whom, for respects old acquaintance, wish felicity. these matters religion have
been long exercisco, and have, thanks
God, lived long have seen them thorough
tried, and besides that have learned written books authority, have perceived
books written without authority, Master
useth now, that Scripture doth, abuse, ser “Forsomuch mention inserted this vice the right hand and the left once, in so the good inclination king Henry
The following passage, another part Bale, Joy, and other, and especially Bale Fox's work, worthy insertion here:
days religion, somuch one time Bale praiseth Luther, latter the reformation
and setteth his death forth English, with the occasion hereof cometh also mind, commendations saint, which Luther somewhat likewise add way appendix (whatsoever was otherwise) stoutly affirmed touching the talk between the archbishop
the presence really Christ's natural body Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, and the duke the Sacrament the altar. And yet Bale, the Suffolk Charles Brandon, concerning the noble clerk, would have Anne Askew, blas king's purpose and intent conceived against the phemously denying the presence Christ's bishop Winchester Steven Gardiner, that natural body, taken for saint also. So
Bale's saints, may vary heaven, they
chance not the way; which might suffice
disprove the man's credit, thwarting talk Lord, well our Lord; the said duke said were more desired many than the truth in unto the said archbishop, We the counsel had deed, which truth was supposed have been him once good lift, and should well have both writing and exercise well established, dispatched him from his authority, the king's long before our late lord's death; and Bale majesty our master had stayed himself from ad and his adherents their madness plainly re mitting him his presence, then his high proved and condemned. cannot forget, your ness was content that we should thoroughly grace told me you would suffer innovation
and indeed you deliver this realm the king
years age, the king his fathcr; whose
soul God assoil, left trust you shall, the suilered for defending the Pope's authority. For act honourable and good, were pity then and certain the counsel having con
trouble with any innovation, which were scrence with the king's majesty for that iuatter,
too. (new not
may
make wonderment, though we
justified,
yet
Sacraments we should have. And the agree ment religion made the time our late sovereign lord force their judgment, what establishment could any new agreement have? And every incertainty noisome any realm. And where every man will master, there inust needs uncertainty. And one
how
nor what
taught that men liars, the self-same
o,
amongst them Bale, when his untruth appear
eth evidently setting forth the examination
of Anne
besecch your grace pardon my babbling
which utterly misreported.
with you. But see my late sovereign lord and master slandered such simple persons",
could never allow any reformation religion this realm, and, namely, being offended with this, that men should use their talk, The
have sifted and tried him. was, my lord, quoth the duke the archbishop, that time when Gardiner secretary was attached, and
to
so
at as ly
all
so be
is it
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565) STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [566
religion assaulted, the realm troubled, and hand and tongue, dissolution and dissipation peaceable men disquieted, with occasion given estates, clean contrarious the place
to enemies to point and say, that after Wick God hath called your grace unto. For tend liffe's strange teaching in the Sacraments of eth all confusion and disorder, which the Christ's Church hath vexed other, it is finally effect untruth. -Bale hath set forth prayer turned unto us to molest and scourge us, for for the duke John Saxony, wherein the
other fruit cannot Bale's teaching have, ne the duke remitteth God's judgment
teaching of such other as go about to trouble shewed here this world the justness his the agreement established here. In which cause concerning religion, and desireth God, matter I dare not desire your grace specially his cause not good, order him
to look earnestly unto lest should seem taken, and spoiled his honour and note you that which becometh me not. And possessions, with many such gay words where
know, that your grace being otherwise occu pied, these things may creep hath been heretofore sometime may hard for your grace find out pull out the root this naughtiness but yet am bold write these, mine own stomach, who have ever used, for discharge myself, say and write
time and place thought might good relief the matter, remitting the rest
tempt God; since which prayer the duke indeed taken all the world saith, and
the time his taking, the account made, such strangeness the sun, we saw here,
hath not been seen. They happened both together, this we know, and both marvel lous; but whether the one were token order ed concur with the other, God knoweth, and man cannot define. Many commonwealths
the disposition God, who hath wrought have continued without the bishop Rome's wonders these matters, since they were first jurisdiction, but without true religion, and with
moved, and given me such knowledge and ex perience them, ought take them, they be, for corruption and untruth; mean knowledge and experience them that chief stirrers, infect with untruth,
cannot speak report truly common ters. The pretence the spirit, and for the flesh, women, and meat, with liberty
such opinions Germany maintained, es tate hath continued the circuit of the world us known since Christ came. For the Turks
and Tartars government were continu war, and they uphold their rule with subdu
ing nobility fire and sword. Germany with their new religion could never have stood, though the emperor had them alone: for
they mat
his highness was fully persuaded, that the bi
shop's secretary, being such special favour
with his master, would never stand stiff
defence the bishop Rome's usurped power
and authority, without his said master's both opinion and become new man. Well, quoth advice, knowledge, and persuasion. For al the king, this way you have me that which ready, quoth the king, played but homely otherwise you should never have obtained.
part with me, when was embassador the an content remit things past, and pardon Pope concerning my cause divorce. And you upon your amendment. —The next morning therefore, quoth the king me, send for him had word how the matter was handled, where my lord incontinently, and assistance upon came highness and said; Your two three more the council, whom you majesty hath prevented our commission, which think good, let him committed the Tower, and other had from your grace concerning my
answer such things may objected lord Winchester's committing the Tower. against him. This communication was the Wot you what, quoth the king; He hath con evening, that we purposed have executed fessed himself guilty this matter his the king's pleasure and commandinent the next man, and hath with much sorrow and pensive morning. Howbeit our talk was not secret,
but that some his friends the privy cham
ber, where had many friends then, suspecting
the matter, sent him word thereof. Who in
continently repaired the king's presence, and
finding some matter minister unto the king, But had suspected this, would have had
highness said the bishop, We marvel him the Tower over night, and stopped his that your secretary hath thus notoriously journey the court. Well, said my lord fended against and our laws. surely Canterbury, was cvermore too good for you
thought that you are not clear this all. Moreover touching this foresaid bishop fence, but that you are the same opinion Winchester, forsomuch he king Ed with him, and therefore my lord plain with ward's time bragged much his old master
me, and let me know you that way in
fected no. you will tell me the truth,
will rather pardon the fault; but you halt
dissemble with me, look for favour my pear more notoriously men, here hand. —With this monition Winchester fell
noted the testification well master down upon knees, and besought majesty Demuy, also Henry Nevil, who were
mercy and pardon, manifestly confessing that had long time been that opinion with his said secretary: and there bewailing himself promised from that day forward reform his
ness sued for my pardon; and you know what my nature and custom hath been such mat ters, ever more pardon them that will not dissemble but confess their fault. —Thus wilily and politicly got himself out our hands;
famous memory king Henry the eighth,
the intent that the glorious vanity this bishop, and other like unto him, may ap
his
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367) STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [505
it be persuaded the understanding of God's trifling with Lent marvellous matter law to be at large in women and children, them that would say evil this realm for
whereby they may have the rule of that, and there nothing more commended unto then God's law must be the 1ule of all, is not Christian men both the churches of the
Greeks and Latins, than Lent men not liars. the king our late sovereign
cloquent than forged matters can with study many unto the belly, the one liquor, the other bring forth. What rhymes set forth de meat; France little beneath the belly; prave the Lent, and low fond (saving your Italy vanitics and pleasares devised; and grace's honour) and foolish and yet the peo English belly have further advancernett, ple pay money for them, and they can serve and nothing can stay When was purveyor for nothing, but learn the people rail, and for the seas, what exclamation was there
cause such used make provision for (as your grace shewed me) the bishop's fast fish against Lent, fearing now Lent ing day, they called Wednesday, and Win sick the time purporteth and like die in chester, Winchester, grand mercy for your
hereby the rule of brought into their hands? - These some will called witty reasons, but they indeed truth's children, and the
lord's days this matter was not thus spoken of. And think our enemies would wish we had Leut. Every country hath his peculiar in itself, right meaning man's unouth, more clination naughtiness; England and Ger
eloquence, which some (to dispraise ine) say have, whatsoever they say me. For truth
deed, forbear make their accustomed pro
vision for the next year. And thereto shall come the common diet be not certain. For
the fishmonger will never hope have good
sale, when the butcher may with flesh outface
him. And fish that great treasure this
realm and food inestinable. And these good
words give, although love not myself: for know not) being one Christ's miracles, such as love not fish should nevertheless com which God ordained not man imitate and mend others,
wine, beshrew your heart for your water Was not that song, although was sport,
signification how oth men have their cence restrained or their accustomed fare
abated unless were extreme necessity. hear say that the Lent thus spoken
the intent the flesh follow, such love only laugh.
which teaching the world will For Christian men have Christ for an
them forborn might the more plc, ty.
there present witnesses
record was this, that king Henry before the the king's will, kneeled down the king's time his sickness, taking his horse upon the majesty lying his bed, and said, My lord
terrace Windsor ride out hawking, saw Winchester think negligence left out standing before him the lord Wriothsley lord your majesty's will, who bath done your high chancellor, with divcrs other counsellors, and mess most painful, long and notable service, amongst thom the bishop Winchester. and one without whom the rest shall not be Whereupon called the lord chancellor, and able overcone your great and weighty as said, Did not command you should come fairs committed unto them. —Hold your peace, no more amongst you (meaning the bishop) quoth the king, remembered him well enough, Whereunto the lord chancellor answered, That and
public defamation and example
things, both use the world
Joseph and Tongue, with other new (whom
the matter, whose the writer the bishop's name had been left out
his coming was bring his majesty word surely
benevolence given unto him the clergy, you,
Whereat the king said, Ah! let him come hither, never rule him, he troublesome na and did his message, and the king went ture. Marry, quoth the king, myself could straight away. —Item, another time the king use him, and rule him manner pur immediately after his repair London fell poses, seemed good unto me, but shall sick, and caused divers times his whole council you never do, and therefore talk more
come unto him about his will, and other his him me this behalf. Sir Anthony Brown, grave affairs. At what time the bishop also perceiving the king somewhat stiff herein, gave would coine with them into the utter privy place the king's words that time. How chainber, and there remain until the council. beit, seeking further occasion upon more per came from the king, and then down with suasions put into his head, took hand them again, the end, then was thought, once again move the king have the bishop blind the world withal. --Furthermore, the one his executors. When the king perceived king grew more sickness, considering upon that this instant suit would not cease; Have his will and testament made before, his going you not yet done, quoth the king, molest me over Bullein, willed the same drawn this matter you will not yet cease out again with leaving out and excluding the trouble me, the faith owe unto God, will bishop Winchester name from amongst surely dispatch thee out my will also, and his executors. Which being him small therefore let us hear no more of this matter. corsey, and cutting their purposes, All this Anthony Denny was heard re way was found, that Anthony Brown, prin port the archbishop Canterbury Thomas cipal pillar Winchester's side, pretending Cranmer, the said archbishop's secretary, who ninto the king, though the negligence yet alive, and witness unto the same. ”
good purpose have left him out. For were my testament, and one
would cumber you all, and you should
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569] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. -for opposing the Reformation. [570
he did only for necessity, and to contemn the
world as he did, and in case to refuse and
chuse the vile death, did the death the
when hath been alledged that Christ fasted forty days, might, quoth he, have eaten he had list; these triflings sport might drawn grave speech, Christian men shall refuse
cross, which things did like master most
perfect, for was very God, and we must en follow Christ miracles. For all his life was
deavour ourselves the use his gifts fol iniracles, and his love that our badge most low that did, not fast forty days without miraculous all, die for his enemies. be meat Christ did, for we but apprentices, seech your grace pardon me, for am like one and carry about ruinous carcase, that must the common house, that when am my tale,
have some daily reparation with food but yet think should have liberty make end, and
was there never any that said, how therefore we should nothing, because we cannot do all, and take Christ's fast for miracle only. And yet that follow Christ truly, they work daily miracles, subduing and conforming God's grace their sensual appetites, and humbly obeying the will God, which man can
specially writing your grace with whom ac count may bold, assuring you proceedeth
lers the realm will take courage, and make
himself do. And Christ promised that his account (although wrong) that goeth on true servants should work the works that he wheels. any man had either fondly indis
did, and greater works also. Wherefore creetly spoken Lent engrieve
slender matter say, Lent was one Christ's importable burthen, would wish his reforma miracles, for was love his enemies, and tion; for have not learned that men are
specially those that scourged and bobbed him which may not be, that legation hath place, taught Christian men follow, because was
bound keep the Lent the form received, but this reckon, that Christian man may contemn the form received, being such devout
wish well, ought be, was, yet are such things spread abroad whereof the evil wil
zeal towards you whose intentalthough and pleased
whom such
shew me
miracle, they might say: were more to and profitable imitation Christ celebrate
lerable
forget Lent, Pogge telleth,
his fast, and that time such have been
the rest the year worldly prepare them selves come, they should come, the
priest the mountains, that knew not how the
year went about, and when the weather open
ed, and went abroad, and perceived his feast Easter, whereof St. Chrysostom speak
neighbours were towards Palm Sunday, de eth expressly. And for avoiding contempt,
vised excuse his parish, and bad then licence truly obtained the superior serveth. prepare therefore, for indeed the year had some And heard the king's majesty our sovereign
what slipped him, but would fashion the lord declare when your grace was present. And
matter so, they should soon Easter the rest: and thus did pass over Lent
with much less slander, than teach for
doctrine, that Lent was one Christ's miracles, and therefore not be imitated of us. For
although was indeed great miracle,
Christ's doings were, yet was not greater iniracle, nor more against man's nature, than
therefore himself was very scrupulous granting licences; and declare that him self contemned not the fast, was charge
have (as your grace knoweth) the Lent diet daily prepared, had been for himself, and
the like hereof hear say your grace hath or dered for the king's majesty that now which agreeth not with certain preaching this mat ter, nor the rhimes set abroad. Lent among
love then that laboured and were busy
take away the natural life his manhood. For Christian men godly fast exercise men
forbear, and England both godly and politic, such without confusion we cannot forbear, the experience shall shew, ever attenpt ed, which God forbid. And yet Lent buried
rhime, and Stephen Stockfish bequeathed, not me, though my name noted, where with for mine own part cannot angry, for
that mitigated their fondness. But would
desire God have the strength this realm.
gory Nazianzene speaketh some that enter
prised imitate Christ's fast above their
power, whose immoderate zeal doth not dis
allow, notrequiring men do, for
that extremity, yet assoyling the mat
ter our new schoolmen do, that Christian
men should let Christ's fast alone as miracle
which manner solution heard good fellow
make, when was told him might not re now found impropriate men. God venge himself, and when was stroken the grant the truth desired men truly. one ear, should put forth the other am, But one asked, when saw old philoso
quoth he, man, am not God, Christ be pher dispute with another, what they talked on; ing God did so, might, quoth he, had and was answered how the old man was dis
pleased him, have done otherwise. And cussing what was virtue; was replied, the
the nature man desireth relief, doth abhor destruction or hurt. In will and desire
men follow Christ things; execution they cannot for we have brittle vessels, and
men seeth expedi men cannot heal the
God giveth his gifts
ent for his church;
lame when they will,
would, but God shall think profitable for the edification of the flock assembled. —Gre
Christ did when
increased with report concord, which doth quench many vain devices and imaginations. —
And all inen liars, now my un derstanding strangely published, methink Bale and such new men, be new liars, should be most abhorred and detested, and much the more dangerous they new. That which
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571] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551. —Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [572
old man yet dispute of virtue, when will he use it : So it may be said in our religion; If we be et searching for when shall we begin put
learned, wise and politic prince, and diligent
executer his laws; and when your lordship was most diligent the same, yet your lord
execution: would make end my
letters, and cannot, wherein account myself
faulty. And though inay err, every man
may, yet
Inueh
grace hath
ter religion unseasonably brought into the we very much marvel, why that, about Jack
not, for say think, forso have said and further think your
rhimes and plays you speak and some against the king's proceedings, who were yet
ship itself writeth, and too manifest
unknown, there were that wrote such lewd
unpunished, because they were unknown un trouble troublesome, but this mat gotten. And when we do weigh the matter,
defamation our late sovereign lord's acts, do ings, and laws. beseech your grace take my meaning and words good part, and pardon my boldness, which groweth the familiarity
have heretofore had with your grace, which cannot forget. And thus enforcing myself
was re evil ear
end, shall pray Altnighty God pre rity, and for the furtherance the bishop serve your grace much felicity, with increase Rome's usurped power, your lordship neither
honour, and achieving your heart’s desire. wrote nor said any thing. And appeared
At Winchester, the one and twentieth May. you angry with retractation (which Your grace's humble beadman, W. frankly without fear, dread, compulsion im
The Letter the Lord Protector, answering Winchestcr.
prisonment, only with learning and truth over comed, came unto) that you cannot abide his beginning, although having the very words
Lent's lewd ballad, and certain, ported unto us, godly sermons, (which
your letters joined together) you
nest, when against doctor Smith's book, being man learned the doctors and scripture, which made plain against the king's highness autho
Your letters dated the one and twentieth day scripture. Except peradventure you think May, concerning two books new set forth that the saying David, Omnis homo mendar,
one Bale, and certain Sermons preached cannot interpreted, every man liar, here, were with convenient speed delivered un which howsoever your lordship taketh plea
us. And like your letters Edward Vaughan Portsmouth, those we
perceive that you have vigilant and diligent
eye, and very fearful innovation which cannot blamed, proceeding one which
desirous quiet, good order and continuance the godly state this realm, we mar vel that soon, far off, and plainly, you
sure, appeared unto then him taken but godly, declare the infirmity man, and the truth of God and his word. And we are
not able reason clerkly with you, and yet we have heard the subtle difference lying and telling lie, Latin called,
mentiri and mendacium dicere: but your lord
ship beloth counted mendar, which belike
can hear tell and say many things done
liar, combat,
lying man, and was deceived
hath interpreted here, which indeed we being here and attend think matter
ant upon the same cannot yet advertised
The world never was quiet, united, but
that privily openly those three which you
write of, printers, players and preachers, would
set forth somewhat their own heads, which
the magistrates were unawares And they
which already banished and have forsaken
the realm, suffering the last punishment,
boldest set forth their mind; and dare use
their extreme licence liberty speaking,"as
out the hands rule correction, either
because they gone, because they hid. Writers write their fantasy, my lord, and
There have foolish and naughty rhimes and books been made and set forth, the which
appeareth you have seen more than we, and
yet our knowledge too many bought; but
yet after our mind too sore and too cruelly
done lay those our charge, and ask as were account of us of them all. In the
ther knowlettotor hath not. the late grace's counsel, take another order, although ling's days autouvemory, who was both some light and lewd men bury writing;
most exact cruelty and tyranny the bishop
Rome, yet Pasquill, we hear say, writeth his
mind, and many times against the bishop's ty
ranny, and sometime toucheth other great
princes, which thing for the most part doth
safely, not that the bishop alloweth Pasquil's
rhimes and verses, specially against himself, but lord, and shall, God willing, till the king's high because cannot punish the author, whom ei ness, with our advice and the residue his
the interpretation,
matter clerks
and
dispute of; we would have wished your lord
ship have written against book before, now with you think that defended
which the author himself refuseth aver: your lordship writeth earnestly Lent, which we
not about put away, more than when doctor Smith wrote earnestly that every man
should obedient the bishops. The Inagis trates and went not about bring kings and princes and other under their subjection:
preachers preach what either liketh them,
what God putteth their heads. not and done that spoken. The people buy eth those foolish ballads Jack Lent. So bought they times past pardons and carols, and Robin Hood's Tales. All be not wise men, and the foolisher thing some (although not the more part) the more pleasant and meet, and peradventure the Sermons there and indeed there true that
have heard) otherwise spoken and reported you, than was the preachers there and then spoken meant. Lent remaineth still, my
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573] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–for opposing the Reformation. [574
even as the king's majesty remaineth head of and whatsoever wrote said for the pre the church, although through sinister ways and sent, he would after consider the matter
by subtil means some traitors have gone about wisely any man, and neither hurt nor in and daily do, to abuse the king's majesty's su wardly disfavour him that had been bold with premacy, and bring in the bishop of Rome's him. Whereof serve for proof, for man tyranny, with other superstition and idolatry. could me hurt during his life. And when
On both sides great heed is to be taken, and as your lordship writeth, we are set in a pain ful room to reform lightness, and lewdness, to the which we do endeavour ourself the best our power, although not cruelly and fiercely some peradventure would wish, yet not loosely that there needeth such exclama tion great fear be. We study
all things attemperately, and with quiet and
gave me the bishopric Winchester, said had often squared with me, but loved me never the worse; and for token thereof gave me the bishopric. And once when
had been vehement with me, the presence the earl Wiltshire, and saw me dismayed
with took me apart into his bed-chamber, and comforted me, and said, that his displeasure was not much me did take but he misliked the matter, and durst more boldly direct his speech me, than the earl
good order. And we would wish nothing more
then your lordship ready the re
formation the one the other, that nei Wiltshire, and from that day forward could
ther superstition, idolatry, papacy, should
brought nor lightness, nor contempt good -order maintained. They both take be ginning small things, and increase little
and little unawares. And quiet may well broken with jealousy negligence,
with too much fear too much patience. No ways worse than when one over light eared the one way, and deaf the other side. Ru mours space time increase naturally, and
leave this realm the king's highness, having first read your grace's most gentle let
that time they come you, appeareth,
they doubled and trebled. We perceive
your diligent eye towards us, and we will wish
(and trust you have) your heart faithful us:
our most hearty and continual prayer God —And therefore being thus brought up, and
his grace's age by you written, rather more flourishing men, possessions, wealth, learning, wisdom, and Gods religion and doctrine,
were possible and God's will, than we found And that our whole intent and esperance, the which we refuse man's help, knoweth God, whom we bid you heartily farewell.
Another Letter Winchester the Lord Pro tector.
AFTER my most humble commendations
your good grace upon the return my ser tion touching your grace's letters the 27th
vant Massy with your grace's letters answering May, that how earnest soever my letters such my letters wherein signified the robbing taken fearing any innovation, neither in
Iny secretary, read the same gladly,
the contents of the matter had cause so to
do, which was such comfortative digested
wardly fear neither shew any demonstration mine outward deeds the world here,
communication, that fear done
easily the rest the great packet, having been authority, but myself resist the rumors and
accustomed thereunto the king's my late vain enterprises, with confidence the truth
sovereign lord's days, which fashion writing and your grace's wisdom; for feared in
his highness (God pardon his soul) called whet deed, with persuasion should come pass, ting, which was not the most pleasant should have small lust write it; but fear
unto me times, yet when saw my do more indeed the trouble that might arise
ings was hurt, and sometime the occa light boldness other, and the cumber
sion thereof the muatter amended, was not such matters while other outward affairs oc
coy always reverse my argument, nor, cupy your grace's mind, than the effect your that his affairs went well, did ever trouble direction that hath been talked of abroad an
sounded so) yet myself feared all, esteeuled him, was
myself, whether made me wanton not. yet the writing speak the matter And when such were privy his letters leads, continuing mine old manner ear directed unto moc, were afraid had been nest, which, some men have dispraised, high displeasure (for the terms
not put me out courage, but any displea sant words passed from him, they did some
time, folded them the matter; which hindered me little: for was reported unto him that stooped not and was stubborn, and
had commended unto me certain men's gen tle nature (as called that wept every his words, and me thought that my nature
was gentle theirs, for was sorry when was moved but else know when the dis pleasure was not justly grounded me, had cause take thought, nor was
any time my life miscontent grudging
any thing done him, thank God for
ters, signifying the device proclamation
stay these rumours, and reading the same pro clamation, which my servant brought with him;
read with the more quiet your grace's great
letters, and would have laid them without further answer, were not that percase my doing might mistaken. For glum silence may have another construction than frank speech, where man may speak, reckon may with your grace, upon confidence whereof
ain bold write thus much for my declara
the letters some have commended it; and therefore nothing good honest matter follow rather mine own in wise ince clination, than take the pains speak but
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$75] STATE TRIALS, 5 Edw. VI. 1551–Proceedings against Bishop Gardiner, [576
ter would not melt in my mouth : wherewith I And perceive your grace is not miscontent, for the long
for books, let Latin and Greck continue shall please God, am almost past them, what service those letters have
which I most humbly thank you. And first as the use
concerning Portsmouth, I wrote to the captain done experience hath shewed, and religion hath
and mayor in the thing, as I had information, and continued them fifteen hundred years; but by men of credence. And yet I suspended my for the English tongue itself hath not con credit til I had heard from thence, as by my let tinued one form understanding two hun ters appeareth : and as I was loth to have it so, dred years, and without God's work and special vo was I loth to believe it. And to shew that I miracle shall hardly continue religion long, feared no innovation by authority, nor regarded when cannot last itself; and whatsoever your
any such danger, I went thither myself, and in conclusion was in such familiarity with the cap tain, that after he had shewed me the gentle entertainment that could, he desired me make exhortation his men they stood handsomely with their weapons, where with they had shewed warlike feats; which did, and departed amity with the captain and soldiers and the town the captain telling me plain. ly, was nothing offended with anything had said my sermon, nor was there cause why should. But the very act indeed defacing the images, had such ground master cap tain pretended; for asked specially for such
had abused those images, and such could shewed, for that enquired for openly. And
the image Saint John the Evangelist stand ing the chancel the high altar was pulled down, and table alabaster broken and
grace's mind now the matter, know well, that having the government the realm, your
grace will use the gift
gift God. —And even
bishops restrained
preach only their Cathedral Churches, (the like whereof hath not been known my time,)
Saint George horseback. For Gregory Nazianzene, chief divine the Greek Church, calleth the serpent's death the figure the death Christ, but not the serpent the figure Christ; and yet when had done all my argument, would resolve resolved with me the speech Saint George on
upon another occasion your grace may per case think expedient restrain (further than the parliament hath already done) the common reading the Scripture, now restrained the bishops liberty preaching. As for the brazen serpent, did not men's language represent Christ, and had written ano ther than your grace, might have had the like matter argument that was taken against me
policy, which the now this time
special policy
image Christ crucified contemptu
ously handled, was my heart terrible,
have the one eye bored out, and the side
pierced wherewith men were wonderously
offended, for very persecution beyond horseback, that the common speech other
the sea, used that form where the person
wise, and saying the serpent
true figure Christ, and yet Gregory Nazian zen called the serpent itself Avrirvors, Christ these words, ox, &c. his sermon Paschate:
apprehended. And take such very slanderous, and esteeming the
breaking images, had, very dangerous, void
cannot
act opinion
unlawful
learning and and yet Almechorus Domini, we read Aries,
the captain, Leo, Vermis, spoken Christ, and some ex which letters perceive have come your pound the Scripture sicut Moses, &c. after that
truth, wrote after my fashion
grace's hands. was not very curious the writing them, for with me truth goeth out plainly and roundly, and speaking the king's
senteth the king, and yet my speech came forth now rehearsed your grace's letters, and after the common language, wherein trust having once my lord Canterbury and me
seal, uttered the common language was
brought after the old sort. When,
conject good will, the people taking Saint
George for patron the realm under God,
and having some confidence succour
God's strength derived him, encrease
the estimation their prince and sovereign
lord, called their king horseback the
seat arms, Saint George horseback; my
knowledge was not corrupt, knew repre heard these reasons touching images which
none offence. For besides learning, ex perience have known the pre-eminence
king both war and peace, and yet had wist my letter should have come your grace's
hands answered, then would have been more precise my speech, than give occa
sion long argument therein. As for Saint George himself, have such opinion him becometh me. And have read also of Bellerophon Horner, they call him, the father tales, but will leave that matter.
present with him alone his palace, that they
call otherwise New Hall, handled that matter
length, and discussed with my lord Canter bury the understanding God's command
ment the Jews, the clerks Chris tendom could not amend it. And where as
one had denied the image the Trinity
had, reasons touched your grace's
letters, heard his highness answer them another time. And when had himself spe cially commanded divers images abolished,
sort. And your grace said when was last your house with the French ambassador,
wished him and me together disputing, see when we would make an end, even
these matters, when they come argument, for thing (as Saint George horseback) when escapeth me, speaking the brazen serpent following speech not thoroughly dis cussed, shall occasion digression out
purpose. And therefore was great gift God, that our late sovereign lord (God rest his soul) set these matters quiet who had
of
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577 I - STATE TRIALS, 5 Epw, VI. 1551–for opposing Reformation. [573
yet (as your grace knoweth) both ordered, this worldly politic consideration, and and himself put execution the kneeling and home for the noise abroad the world will
creeping before the image the cross, and es
dangerous. And touching the bishop Rome, the doings this realin hitherto hath never done him so
tablished agreement this realm, whereby
that truth through all arguments the con
much displeasure, alteration religion, during the king's majesty's minority, should serve for purpose; wanteth not wits
trary assoiled once.
used the book his highness set forth doth
prescribe, and otherwise. know your
grace only tempteth me with such reasons
other make unto you, and am not fully
berty, although ain bold enough (and some
will think too bold) answer some things
would another man mine equal, being
much inserior your grace am but me
thinketh Saint Paul's solution during the king's
anajesty's minority should serve instead all, but pretence, how stilily soever we will at Nus talem consuetudinem non habemus, we have firin otherwise, and call God's word. And no such customs the Church. -When our here should much noted that my lord sovereign lord cometh his perfect age (which Canterbury, being the high bishop the realm God grant) doubt not but God will reveal highly favour with late sovereign lord,and that which shall necessary for the governing my lord Duresme man renowned fame
his people religion. And any thing learning and gravity, both put him trust
shall done the mean time (as think there for their counsel the order the realm,
heard) was well furnished afterwards
remembrance, that the bishops and the clergy should agree any altera
would wish images
your grace's direction, may should when cometh age say the rest, Scripture
hear say, said now late concerning pro and advise
cession, that his father's time men were All which things know well) your
shall not)
soon forget their old knowledge forth the king's majesty's book,
me
other
tion
thing set forth
might noted
favour the truth, what would say cannot am that
religion
the condemnation any his father, whereby his father
ever they did,
assure your grace would men fear things they like not,
execution; for this sort things think should not be
have wanted knowledge
never fear unless saw
tell, but might use
for the excellency
would, and having
shops might have, were feared
would. And when had spoken, then
might his laws more than any our with me any such matters. And therefore sort would gladly suffer these days; for albeit your grace writeth wisely, that over much the allegation his authority represented fear doth hurt, and accelerateth sometime that your grace shall then answered (as your which was not intended, yet needs not me, grace now writeth unto me) that your grace for have learned that lesson already, and only desireth truth according God's Scrip would great many more had, which indeed
ture, and may then said; we bishops, should great stay. And thus talk with when have our sovereign lord and head your grace homely, with multiplication ininority, we fashion the matter we lust, and speech impertinent and not necessary,
marvellous speech, and his spirit, were like
fear them not, where with
just cause against
then some young man that would have piece the bishop's lands shall say, the beastly bi
way and that go, and for the time they ariseth not upon any desire knowledge here spend that they have, which eat you my behalf, for evil things oversoon known,
and drink you what list and together, nor upon any slackness your grace's behalf with Edamus bibanus, cras morienur. And there, who and noted very vigilant, your we shall alledge for our defence the strength grace's charge requireth. But thus even
God's truth, and the plainness Scripture, was when was some little authority, with the word the Lord, and many gay they that were the evil doers such matters terms, and say we were convinced Scrip would hide them from me. So now they have
shops have always done so, and when they can
no longer maintain one their pleasures
rule and superiority, then they take another thence, than your grace doth there, which
tures, such majesty
nor WOL.
excellent judgment, the king's like have, will never credit
abused such vain answer. And
handled otherwise; English Testament, chester Market, Lefore
for for Jack Lent's was openly sold Win wrote unto your grace
more slanderous than this
beat into other princes ears, that where his
authority abolished, there governors shall change
every change religion, and that
which has been amongst
established, shall the pretence another understanding Scripture straight brought
whole consent question; for they will give other name
wont follow procession upon which the king's majesty's saying, the procession (as
grace and them considered. And therefore me incredible that ever any such thing
your grace's commandinent; which speech hath put
should lightness grace hath
indeed with effect, whatsoever the
talk shall spread abroad which your proclamation well stayed. But
invey such matter alteration.
you had not, and the world talked fast
done reason,
trouble me otherwise than take heed
can, and the head governors (as now your grace) shew my mind, and such experience bath every mail me that hath communed
though meant send you great packet received from you. -One thing necessary answer your grace touching your
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379, STATE TRIALs, 3 Ew. 1951–Procodings against Bishop Gardner.