884 Union of the
Frankish
kingdoms under the Emperor Charles the
Fat.
Fat.
Cambridge Medieval History - v3 - Germany and the Western Empire
The monastery of St Luke of Stiris etc.
London. 1901.
Strzygowski, J. (with Crowfoot, J. W. and Smirnov, J. I. ). Kleinasien, ein Neuland
d. Kunstgesch. Leipsic. 1903.
Orient oder Rome. Beiträge zur Geschichte der spätantiken u. frühchristlichen
Kunst. Leipsic. 1901.
(Many other works. )
Tafrali, O. Topographie de Thessalonique. Paris. 1913. .
Texier, C. F. M. and Pullan, R. P. Byzantine Architecture. London. 1864.
Tikkanen, J. J. Die Psalterillustration im Mittelalter. Helsingfors. 1895 ff.
Die Genesismosaiken von S. Marco in Venedig. Helsingfors. 1899.
Uspenski, Th. I. O vnovi otkrytykh mozaikakh v tserkvi Sv. Dimitriya v Soluni
(Izvestiya russk. arkh. Instituta v Konstantinopolê, xiv). Sofia. 1909.
Van Millingen, A. (and others). Byzantine Churches in Constantinople. London.
1912.
Venturi, A. Storia dell'Arte Italiana. Milan. 7 vols. 1901-15.
Viollet-le-Duc, E. E. Dictionnaire raisonné de l’Architecture française du xie au
xvie s. Paris. 1858–68. Index, Sabine, H. 1889.
Warner, G. F. and Wilson, H. A. The Benedictional of Saint Aethelwold, Bishop
of Winchester 963-984. (The Roxburghe Club. ) Oxford. 1910.
Wilpert, J. Die römische Mosaiken u. Malereien der kirchlichen Bauten v. 4 bis
13 Jhdt. 2nd edn. 4 vols. Freiburg-im-Breisgau. 1917.
Wulff, 0. Altchristliche u. byzantinische Kunst. 1. Berlin-Neubabelsberg. 1918.
Zimmermann, E. H. Die Buchmalerei in karolingischer u. ottonischer Zeit. (K. K.
Zentral-Kommission f. Kunst- u. historisch. Denkmäle. ) Vienna. 1910.
## p. 646 (#692) ############################################
646
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
OF
LEADING EVENTS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME
463 Death of St Patrick.
c. 490-583 Cassiodorus.
576-636 Isidore of Seville.
594 Death of Gregory of Tours.
597 Death of Columba.
Augustine's mission in Kent.
604 Death of St Gregory the Great.
615 Death of Columban.
690 Death of Benedict Biscop.
704 Death of Adamnan.
709 Death of Aldhelm.
732 Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens at Poitiers.
735 Death of Bede (most probable date).
756 'Abd-ar-Raḥmān ibn Muřāwiya, emir of Spain.
c. 787 First landing of the Vikings in England.
796 Death of Offa of Mercia.
c. 800 The invasions of the Northmen begin.
802–825 The Northmen establish themselves in Ireland.
802–839 Reign of Ecgbert as king of Wessex.
804 Death of Alcuin.
814–840 Reign of Louis the Pious.
817 Divisio Imperii. Death of St Benedict of Aniane.
824 Promulgation of the Constitutio Romana.
825 Conquest of Cornwall by Ecgbert.
Collapse of Mercia.
826 St Anskar's first mission to Scandinavia.
827-831 Saracen conquest of Sicily.
833 The Field of Lies.
834 The Norsemen attack the Frankish Empire in force.
835 Resumption of Viking raids upon England.
840 Death of Einhard.
840-855 Reign of Lothar I.
840–876 Reign of Louis the German.
840–877 Reign of Charles the Bald.
841 Battle of Fontenoy (25 June).
841-891 Height of the Viking invasions.
842 Oath of Strasbourg (14 Feb. ).
843 Sack of St Peter's at Rome by the Saracens.
Treaty of Verdun (Aug. ). Division of the Frankish Empire.
844-860 Kenneth Mac Alpin of Scotland
## p. 647 (#693) ############################################
Chronological Table
647
845–882 Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims.
847 Pope Leo IV walls the Leonine City.
c. 850 Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals.
Rurik, the Scandinavian, of Russia.
851 The Danes first winter in Thanet.
855 Death of the Emperor Lothar I and division of his lands.
855-869 Reign of Lothar II in Lorraine.
855-875 Reign of the Emperor Louis II in Italy.
856 Death of Raban Maur.
857 Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople.
858–867 Pope Nicholas I.
859-862 Second expedition of the Norsemen to Spain and the Mediter-
ranean.
864 St Cyril and St Methodius among the Moravians.
867 Schism of East and West in the affair of Photius.
868 Death of Ratramn.
869 Death of Lothar II (8 Aug. ).
Charles the Bald crowned king of Lorraine (6 Oct. ).
Martyrdom of St Edmund.
c. 870 Harold Fairhair founds the kingdom of Norway.
870 Submission of East Anglia to the Northmen.
Partition of Lorraine at Meersen (8 Aug. ).
871 Battle of Ashdown.
871-899 Reign of Alfred the Great.
872–882 Pope John VIII.
874 The Norse begin to settle in Iceland.
875 Death of the Emperor Louis II (12 Aug. ).
Imperial Coronation of Charles the Bald (25 Dec. ).
876 Death of Louis the German (28 Aug. ).
Colonisation of Northumbria by the Danes.
877 Settlement of the Five Boroughs.
Assembly of Quierzy (14 June).
Death of Charles the Bald (6 Oct. ).
878 Battle of Edington.
Peace between Alfred and Guthrum at Chippenham (the so-called
Treaty of Wedmore).
879–887 Boso, king of Provence.
880 Treaty of Ribemont (all Lorraine ceded to Germany).
c. 880 Death of John Scottus (Erigena).
881-887 Charles the Fat as Emperor.
882 Death of Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims (21 Dec. ).
Murder of Pope John VIII. Triumph of Roman nobles.
884 Union of the Frankish kingdoms under the Emperor Charles the
Fat.
885 Recapture of London by Alfred, and Alfred and Guthrum's Peace.
885-887 The Northmen besiege Paris.
887 Final disruption of the Empire of Charles the Great.
887-899 Arnulf, king of Germany.
888-898 Odo, king of France.
888-911 or 912 Rodolph I, king of Jurane Burgundy.
c. 890 The Saracens seize Fraxinetum.
891 King Arnulf defeats the Northmen near Louvain.
895 The Magyars settle in Hungary.
896 Arnulf crowned Emperor.
## p. 648 (#694) ############################################
648
Chronological Table
898–923 Reign of Charles the Simple of France.
899-911 Reign of Louis the Child of Germany.
899-925 Reign of Edward the Elder.
900 The Hungarian ravages begin.
901 Louis (the Blind), now king of Italy, receives the Imperial Crown.
910 Foundation of Cluny.
911-918 Conrad I of Germany.
911 Convention of St Clair-sur-Epte, and definitive establishment of the
Northmen in France.
Beginning of the reconquest of the Danelaw.
Charles the Simple gains Lorraine.
912–919 Aethelfeda, Lady of the Mercians.
914-929 Pope John X.
915 Defeat of the Saracens at the Garigliano.
919-938 Henry I (the Fowler), king of Germany.
922 Revolt of France from the Carolingians.
925–939 Reign of Aethelstan.
925 Lorraine finally united to Germany.
926–945 Reign of Hugh of Provence in Italy (d. 948).
927-941 Odo, abbot of Cluny.
928–936 St Wenceslas (Václav), duke of Bohemia.
929 Death of Charles the Simple.
'Abd-ar-Raḥmān III declares himself Caliph in Spain.
c. 931-933 Treaty for the union of Burgundy and Provence.
932–954 Alberic, ruler of Rome.
933 Defeat of the Hungarians at Riade (15 Mar. ).
935 Death of Gorm the Old, king of Denmark.
935–970 Fernan Gonzalez, count of Castile.
936 Carolingian Restoration (Louis d'Outremer) in France.
936–973 Reign of Otto the Great.
937 Battle of Brunanburh.
939 Rebellion of the German dukes.
939–946 Reign of Edmund of England.
943 Dunstan made abbot of Glastonbury.
946-955 Reign of Eadred of England.
947 The Kalbite dynasty of Sicily founded.
950 Berengar II crowned king of Italy.
951-952 First expedition of Otto the Great to Italy.
953-954 Second rebellion of the German dukes.
954 England under one king.
954–994 Maiolus, abbot of Cluny.
954–986 Reign of Lothair in France.
955 Defeat of the Hungarians in the Lechfeld (10 Aug. ).
955-963(4) John XII (Octavian), Pope.
959-975 Reign of Edgar the Peaceable of England.
960 Final establishment of Otto's rule in Germany.
960-988 Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury.
961-964 Otto's second expedition to Italy.
962 Otto the Great, Emperor of the West.
963 Deposition of Pope John XII (4 Dec. ), and election of Leo VIII, the
Emperor's nominee.
966-972 Otto's third expedition to Italy.
968 Adalbert, first archbishop of Magdeburg, appointed.
969 Conquest of Egypt by the Fatimites.
## p. 649 (#695) ############################################
Chronological Table
649
970–1035 Sancho the Great, king of Navarre.
972 Marriage of Otto II and Theophano.
Capture of Frainet (Fraxinetum).
973-983 Otto II, Emperor of the West.
975-978 Reign of Edward the Martyr of England.
977 War of the three Henries.
978-1002 Almanzor, prime minister in Spain.
978–1016 Reign of Aethelred the Unready.
980 Renewal of Scandinavian invasions of England.
c. 980-1040 Peace of God.
982 Otto II defeated by the Saracens. Revolt of the Wends from Ger-
many.
983 Otto II nominates a Lombard Pope (John XIV), the first to take a
papal name.
983-991 Regency of Theophano.
983–1002 Otto III, Emperor of the West.
985–996(8) Crescentius II, patrician of Rome.
987-996 Hugh Capet, king of France.
c. 989 Vladímir of Russia becomes Christian.
991-1009 Peter Orseolo II, doge of Venice.
992–1025 Boleslav (Bolesław) Chrobry, duke of Poland.
994-1049 Odilo, abbot of Cluny.
996 Otto III nominates a German Pope (Gregory V).
996–1037 Reign of Robert the Pious of France.
999 Otto III nominates a French Pope (Sylvester II).
1000 The Hungarians become Christian under St Stephen.
Foundation of the archbishopric of Gnesen for Poland.
1000–1025 Burchard, bishop of Worms, canonist.
1001 St Stephen crowned king of Hungary.
Foundation of the archbishopric of Gran for Hungary.
1002 Death of the Emperor Otto III (23 Jan. ).
Massacre of St Brice's Day.
Saracens defeated at Bari by the Venetians.
1002–1012 John Crescentius (III), patrician of Rome.
1002–1014 Reign of Ardoin of Ivrea in Italy.
1002–1024 Reign of Henry II, Emperor of the West.
1003 Death of Pope Sylvester II (Gerbert).
1004 Henry II crowned king of the Lombards at Pavia.
Richard, abbot of St Vannes.
1007 Establishment of the see of Bamberg.
1007-1029 Fulbert, bishop of Chartres.
1012 Murder of Archbishop Alphege (Aelfheah).
1012–1024 Benedict VIII (of Tusculum), Pope.
1012–1044 Counts of Tusculum supreme in Rome.
1013 Triumph of Svein in England.
1014 Death of Svein (Feb. ).
Imperial coronation of Henry II at Rome.
Defeat of the Vikings at Clontarf by Brian Boru.
1016 Death of Edmund Ironside.
Revolt of Melo in Apulia.
1017-1035 Reign of King Knut the Great.
1018 Treaty of Bautzen.
1024 Death of Pope Benedict VIII.
Death of Henry II.
## p. 650 (#696) ############################################
1
650
Chronological Table
1024_1039 Reign of Conrad II the Salic.
1027 Conrad II crowned Emperor at Rome.
1030 Ranulf becomes count of Aversa.
1031 Abolition of the Caliphate in Spain.
1031–1060 Reign of Henry I of France.
1032 Death of Rodolph III of Burgundy.
Ferdinand I, first king of Castile.
1033-1034 Acquisition of Burgundy by Conrad II.
1034-1058 Reign of Casimir I of Poland.
1035 Foundation of the State of Aragon by Ramiro I Sanchez.
1035–1076 Raymond-Berengar I of Barcelona.
1037 Conrad's Constitutio de feudis for Italy.
1037–1055 Břatislav I, duke of Bohemia.
1038 (? ) Conrad II declares Roman Law the territorial law of Rome.
1038 Death of St Stephen of Hungary.
1039 Death of Conrad II (4 June), and accession of Henry III as king
of Germany, Italy, and Burgundy.
Beginning of the Truce of God.
1042 Accession of Edward the Confessor.
1042–1048 Wazo, bishop of Liège.
1043 The “Day of Indulgence. ”
William de Hauteville, count of Apulia.
1046 Henry IIl's coronation as Emperor; he reforms the Papacy. Synod
of Sutri.
1046–1047 Pope Clement II (Suidger of Bamberg).
1049 Death of Odilo, abbot of Cluny.
1049–1054 Pope Leo IX (Bruno of Toul).
1053 Battle of Civitate.
Death of Earl Godwin.
1054 Battle of Dunsinane.
Schism of East and West.
1055–1057 Pope Victor II.
1056 Death of Henry III and succession of Henry IV.
1060-1108 Reign of Philip I of France.
1066 Death of Edward the Confessor.
1079 First Norse king of the Isle of Man.
NOTE
For the transliteration of Slavonic names there has been adopted the scheme
given in the Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. vur; for Oriental names that
used in the publications of the Royal Asiatic Society.
## p. 651 (#697) ############################################
651
INDEX
.
Adalard, Bishop of Reggio, 158
Adalard, Bishop of Verona, aids Louis (the
Blind), 149
Adalard, Count Palatine, 3
Adalbero, Archbishop of Rheims, 80, 209;
charged with treason, 81 sqq. ; correspond-
ence of, 81; 536; death of, 99
Adalbero, Archbishop of Trèves, 238, 248
Adalbero, Bishop of Laon. See Asselin
Adalbero, Bishop of Metz, 197; 200
Adalbero (III), Bishop of Metz, 293
Adalbero, Bishop of Verdun, 209 sq.
Adalbero of Eppenstein, Bishop of Bamberg,
297
Adalbero of Eppenstein, Duke of Carinthia;
made Duke, 239, 249, 253; deposed, 269 sq. ,
Aar, river, 26, and Burgundy, 136, 180 note
Aargau, seized by Rodolph II, 136
Aarhus, see of, founded, 192
Abacus, revived by Gerbert, 536
Abbasid Caliphs, 413, 419; in Africa, 410,
413
Abbo of St Germain, 497, 529
Abdallāh, becomes Emir of Spain, 418 sq. ;
420; 433
'Abdallāh, son of Tarūb, 416
*Abd-al-Malik, Governor of Spain, 409
Abd-ar-Rahmān, Emir of Spain, 409
*Abd-ar-Rahmān ibn Mu'āwiya, Emir of
Spain, early life of, 410; enters Spain, 411;
becomes Emir, 412 sq. ; 415; independent
of the Caliphate of Bagdad, 430; builds a
mosque at Cordova, 432, 436
*Abd-ar-Rahmān II, Emir of Spain; as
prince, 414; reign of, 415 sqq. ; the Spanish
March and, 8; the Vikings and, 317, 416;
social conditions under, 429, 432
'Abd-ar-Rahmān III, Emir of Spain; and
the Spanish party, 419 sqq. ; takes the title
of Caliph, 421; wars with Leon, 420 sqq. ;
with Navarre, 421; African policy, 421 sqq. ;
character and death of, 423; library of,
435; trade and society under, 428, 431 sq.
*Abd-ar-Raḥmān, son of Hakam II, 424
'Abd-ar-Raḥmān, son of Ibn Hajjāj, 419
'Abd-ar-Rahmān, “Sanchuelo," 427
Abdias, Apostolic History of, 497
Aberffraw, 342
Abingdon, abbey at, 374, 404; abbots of, see
Aethelwold, Siward, Spearhafoc
Abotrites. See Obotrites
Abraham, Bishop of Freising, imprisoned,
205; 218
Abraham, Testament of, 505
Abruzzans, the, 155
Abruzzi, the, bishopric in, 166; Paldolf of
Capua in, 268
Abū Hafs Omar al-Balluţi, 415
Abulaz. See Hakam I
Abu'l-ķāsim, Sicilian emir, 169, 176
Abu-l-Khattár, Governor of Spain, 409
Abu-Marwan, at Saragossa, 8
Abū-s-Şabbāḥ, cited, 412 note
Abu Yazid, Berber chief, 422
Acca, cross of, 555
Acircius, identified, 493 note
Acqui, 240; see of, 175
Adalard, Abbot of Corbie, 2, 12
Adalard, Abbot of Saint-Bertin, 35 sqq.
274; death of, 277; 297
Adalbert, King of Italy, 158; submits to
Otto I, 159, 195 ; wars with Otto I, 160 sqq. ;
escapes to the Saracens, 162; leads revolt,
166 sq. ; death of, 167; 201; 247
Adalbert, Provost of Halberstadt, made Arch-
bishop of Bremen, 289 sq. ; declines Papacy,
291 ; Duke Bernard and, 293 sq. , 305 ;
negotiates treaty with Svein, 294; strained
relations with Svein, 296 sq. ; ecclesiastical
ambitions of, 297, 305 sq.
Adalbert, monk, missionary to Russia,
201 sq. ; Archbishop of Magdeburg, 202
Adalbert, Archbishop of Ravenna, 242 sq.
Adalbert, St, Bishop of Prague, xvi sq. ; 173;
300
Adalbert, Duke of Upper Lorraine, 293 sq.
Adalbert I, Duke (Marquess) of Tuscany, 48;
war with John VIII, 55 sq.
Adalbert II, the Rich, Marquess of Tuscany,
submits to Emperor Guy, 65; plots against
Berengar I, 148 sq. ; Sergius III and, 151
Adalbert, Marquess of Ivrea, 148; and
Rodolph II, 136, 152 sq. ; 157
Adalbert-Atto, of Canossa; and Queen Ade-
laide, 158 sq. ; Count of Modena and Reggio,
163
Adalbert of Babenberg, 68
Adalbert, of Babenberg, Margrave of Austria,
295; 298; 303
Adalbert, veteran of Charles the Great, 530
Adalbold, Bishop of Utrecht, 249
Adalman, contests see of Milan, 158; resigns,
160
Adam, Life of, 506
Adamnan, Abbot of Hy (Iona), Life of Co-
lumba by, 504, 507; 506
## p. 652 (#698) ############################################
652
Index
Adamnan, Vision of, 505
Adananus. See Adamnan
Adela, wife of Baldwin of Lille, Count of
Flanders, 111
Adelaide, Empress, marries Lothar II, King
of Italy, 140, 156, 158, 194; marries Em-
peror Otto I, 140 sq. , 159, 162, 195, 205
note; Otto II and, 168, 207, 209; Otto III
and, 171, 210 sq.
London. 1901.
Strzygowski, J. (with Crowfoot, J. W. and Smirnov, J. I. ). Kleinasien, ein Neuland
d. Kunstgesch. Leipsic. 1903.
Orient oder Rome. Beiträge zur Geschichte der spätantiken u. frühchristlichen
Kunst. Leipsic. 1901.
(Many other works. )
Tafrali, O. Topographie de Thessalonique. Paris. 1913. .
Texier, C. F. M. and Pullan, R. P. Byzantine Architecture. London. 1864.
Tikkanen, J. J. Die Psalterillustration im Mittelalter. Helsingfors. 1895 ff.
Die Genesismosaiken von S. Marco in Venedig. Helsingfors. 1899.
Uspenski, Th. I. O vnovi otkrytykh mozaikakh v tserkvi Sv. Dimitriya v Soluni
(Izvestiya russk. arkh. Instituta v Konstantinopolê, xiv). Sofia. 1909.
Van Millingen, A. (and others). Byzantine Churches in Constantinople. London.
1912.
Venturi, A. Storia dell'Arte Italiana. Milan. 7 vols. 1901-15.
Viollet-le-Duc, E. E. Dictionnaire raisonné de l’Architecture française du xie au
xvie s. Paris. 1858–68. Index, Sabine, H. 1889.
Warner, G. F. and Wilson, H. A. The Benedictional of Saint Aethelwold, Bishop
of Winchester 963-984. (The Roxburghe Club. ) Oxford. 1910.
Wilpert, J. Die römische Mosaiken u. Malereien der kirchlichen Bauten v. 4 bis
13 Jhdt. 2nd edn. 4 vols. Freiburg-im-Breisgau. 1917.
Wulff, 0. Altchristliche u. byzantinische Kunst. 1. Berlin-Neubabelsberg. 1918.
Zimmermann, E. H. Die Buchmalerei in karolingischer u. ottonischer Zeit. (K. K.
Zentral-Kommission f. Kunst- u. historisch. Denkmäle. ) Vienna. 1910.
## p. 646 (#692) ############################################
646
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
OF
LEADING EVENTS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME
463 Death of St Patrick.
c. 490-583 Cassiodorus.
576-636 Isidore of Seville.
594 Death of Gregory of Tours.
597 Death of Columba.
Augustine's mission in Kent.
604 Death of St Gregory the Great.
615 Death of Columban.
690 Death of Benedict Biscop.
704 Death of Adamnan.
709 Death of Aldhelm.
732 Victory of Charles Martel over the Saracens at Poitiers.
735 Death of Bede (most probable date).
756 'Abd-ar-Raḥmān ibn Muřāwiya, emir of Spain.
c. 787 First landing of the Vikings in England.
796 Death of Offa of Mercia.
c. 800 The invasions of the Northmen begin.
802–825 The Northmen establish themselves in Ireland.
802–839 Reign of Ecgbert as king of Wessex.
804 Death of Alcuin.
814–840 Reign of Louis the Pious.
817 Divisio Imperii. Death of St Benedict of Aniane.
824 Promulgation of the Constitutio Romana.
825 Conquest of Cornwall by Ecgbert.
Collapse of Mercia.
826 St Anskar's first mission to Scandinavia.
827-831 Saracen conquest of Sicily.
833 The Field of Lies.
834 The Norsemen attack the Frankish Empire in force.
835 Resumption of Viking raids upon England.
840 Death of Einhard.
840-855 Reign of Lothar I.
840–876 Reign of Louis the German.
840–877 Reign of Charles the Bald.
841 Battle of Fontenoy (25 June).
841-891 Height of the Viking invasions.
842 Oath of Strasbourg (14 Feb. ).
843 Sack of St Peter's at Rome by the Saracens.
Treaty of Verdun (Aug. ). Division of the Frankish Empire.
844-860 Kenneth Mac Alpin of Scotland
## p. 647 (#693) ############################################
Chronological Table
647
845–882 Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims.
847 Pope Leo IV walls the Leonine City.
c. 850 Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals.
Rurik, the Scandinavian, of Russia.
851 The Danes first winter in Thanet.
855 Death of the Emperor Lothar I and division of his lands.
855-869 Reign of Lothar II in Lorraine.
855-875 Reign of the Emperor Louis II in Italy.
856 Death of Raban Maur.
857 Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople.
858–867 Pope Nicholas I.
859-862 Second expedition of the Norsemen to Spain and the Mediter-
ranean.
864 St Cyril and St Methodius among the Moravians.
867 Schism of East and West in the affair of Photius.
868 Death of Ratramn.
869 Death of Lothar II (8 Aug. ).
Charles the Bald crowned king of Lorraine (6 Oct. ).
Martyrdom of St Edmund.
c. 870 Harold Fairhair founds the kingdom of Norway.
870 Submission of East Anglia to the Northmen.
Partition of Lorraine at Meersen (8 Aug. ).
871 Battle of Ashdown.
871-899 Reign of Alfred the Great.
872–882 Pope John VIII.
874 The Norse begin to settle in Iceland.
875 Death of the Emperor Louis II (12 Aug. ).
Imperial Coronation of Charles the Bald (25 Dec. ).
876 Death of Louis the German (28 Aug. ).
Colonisation of Northumbria by the Danes.
877 Settlement of the Five Boroughs.
Assembly of Quierzy (14 June).
Death of Charles the Bald (6 Oct. ).
878 Battle of Edington.
Peace between Alfred and Guthrum at Chippenham (the so-called
Treaty of Wedmore).
879–887 Boso, king of Provence.
880 Treaty of Ribemont (all Lorraine ceded to Germany).
c. 880 Death of John Scottus (Erigena).
881-887 Charles the Fat as Emperor.
882 Death of Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims (21 Dec. ).
Murder of Pope John VIII. Triumph of Roman nobles.
884 Union of the Frankish kingdoms under the Emperor Charles the
Fat.
885 Recapture of London by Alfred, and Alfred and Guthrum's Peace.
885-887 The Northmen besiege Paris.
887 Final disruption of the Empire of Charles the Great.
887-899 Arnulf, king of Germany.
888-898 Odo, king of France.
888-911 or 912 Rodolph I, king of Jurane Burgundy.
c. 890 The Saracens seize Fraxinetum.
891 King Arnulf defeats the Northmen near Louvain.
895 The Magyars settle in Hungary.
896 Arnulf crowned Emperor.
## p. 648 (#694) ############################################
648
Chronological Table
898–923 Reign of Charles the Simple of France.
899-911 Reign of Louis the Child of Germany.
899-925 Reign of Edward the Elder.
900 The Hungarian ravages begin.
901 Louis (the Blind), now king of Italy, receives the Imperial Crown.
910 Foundation of Cluny.
911-918 Conrad I of Germany.
911 Convention of St Clair-sur-Epte, and definitive establishment of the
Northmen in France.
Beginning of the reconquest of the Danelaw.
Charles the Simple gains Lorraine.
912–919 Aethelfeda, Lady of the Mercians.
914-929 Pope John X.
915 Defeat of the Saracens at the Garigliano.
919-938 Henry I (the Fowler), king of Germany.
922 Revolt of France from the Carolingians.
925–939 Reign of Aethelstan.
925 Lorraine finally united to Germany.
926–945 Reign of Hugh of Provence in Italy (d. 948).
927-941 Odo, abbot of Cluny.
928–936 St Wenceslas (Václav), duke of Bohemia.
929 Death of Charles the Simple.
'Abd-ar-Raḥmān III declares himself Caliph in Spain.
c. 931-933 Treaty for the union of Burgundy and Provence.
932–954 Alberic, ruler of Rome.
933 Defeat of the Hungarians at Riade (15 Mar. ).
935 Death of Gorm the Old, king of Denmark.
935–970 Fernan Gonzalez, count of Castile.
936 Carolingian Restoration (Louis d'Outremer) in France.
936–973 Reign of Otto the Great.
937 Battle of Brunanburh.
939 Rebellion of the German dukes.
939–946 Reign of Edmund of England.
943 Dunstan made abbot of Glastonbury.
946-955 Reign of Eadred of England.
947 The Kalbite dynasty of Sicily founded.
950 Berengar II crowned king of Italy.
951-952 First expedition of Otto the Great to Italy.
953-954 Second rebellion of the German dukes.
954 England under one king.
954–994 Maiolus, abbot of Cluny.
954–986 Reign of Lothair in France.
955 Defeat of the Hungarians in the Lechfeld (10 Aug. ).
955-963(4) John XII (Octavian), Pope.
959-975 Reign of Edgar the Peaceable of England.
960 Final establishment of Otto's rule in Germany.
960-988 Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury.
961-964 Otto's second expedition to Italy.
962 Otto the Great, Emperor of the West.
963 Deposition of Pope John XII (4 Dec. ), and election of Leo VIII, the
Emperor's nominee.
966-972 Otto's third expedition to Italy.
968 Adalbert, first archbishop of Magdeburg, appointed.
969 Conquest of Egypt by the Fatimites.
## p. 649 (#695) ############################################
Chronological Table
649
970–1035 Sancho the Great, king of Navarre.
972 Marriage of Otto II and Theophano.
Capture of Frainet (Fraxinetum).
973-983 Otto II, Emperor of the West.
975-978 Reign of Edward the Martyr of England.
977 War of the three Henries.
978-1002 Almanzor, prime minister in Spain.
978–1016 Reign of Aethelred the Unready.
980 Renewal of Scandinavian invasions of England.
c. 980-1040 Peace of God.
982 Otto II defeated by the Saracens. Revolt of the Wends from Ger-
many.
983 Otto II nominates a Lombard Pope (John XIV), the first to take a
papal name.
983-991 Regency of Theophano.
983–1002 Otto III, Emperor of the West.
985–996(8) Crescentius II, patrician of Rome.
987-996 Hugh Capet, king of France.
c. 989 Vladímir of Russia becomes Christian.
991-1009 Peter Orseolo II, doge of Venice.
992–1025 Boleslav (Bolesław) Chrobry, duke of Poland.
994-1049 Odilo, abbot of Cluny.
996 Otto III nominates a German Pope (Gregory V).
996–1037 Reign of Robert the Pious of France.
999 Otto III nominates a French Pope (Sylvester II).
1000 The Hungarians become Christian under St Stephen.
Foundation of the archbishopric of Gnesen for Poland.
1000–1025 Burchard, bishop of Worms, canonist.
1001 St Stephen crowned king of Hungary.
Foundation of the archbishopric of Gran for Hungary.
1002 Death of the Emperor Otto III (23 Jan. ).
Massacre of St Brice's Day.
Saracens defeated at Bari by the Venetians.
1002–1012 John Crescentius (III), patrician of Rome.
1002–1014 Reign of Ardoin of Ivrea in Italy.
1002–1024 Reign of Henry II, Emperor of the West.
1003 Death of Pope Sylvester II (Gerbert).
1004 Henry II crowned king of the Lombards at Pavia.
Richard, abbot of St Vannes.
1007 Establishment of the see of Bamberg.
1007-1029 Fulbert, bishop of Chartres.
1012 Murder of Archbishop Alphege (Aelfheah).
1012–1024 Benedict VIII (of Tusculum), Pope.
1012–1044 Counts of Tusculum supreme in Rome.
1013 Triumph of Svein in England.
1014 Death of Svein (Feb. ).
Imperial coronation of Henry II at Rome.
Defeat of the Vikings at Clontarf by Brian Boru.
1016 Death of Edmund Ironside.
Revolt of Melo in Apulia.
1017-1035 Reign of King Knut the Great.
1018 Treaty of Bautzen.
1024 Death of Pope Benedict VIII.
Death of Henry II.
## p. 650 (#696) ############################################
1
650
Chronological Table
1024_1039 Reign of Conrad II the Salic.
1027 Conrad II crowned Emperor at Rome.
1030 Ranulf becomes count of Aversa.
1031 Abolition of the Caliphate in Spain.
1031–1060 Reign of Henry I of France.
1032 Death of Rodolph III of Burgundy.
Ferdinand I, first king of Castile.
1033-1034 Acquisition of Burgundy by Conrad II.
1034-1058 Reign of Casimir I of Poland.
1035 Foundation of the State of Aragon by Ramiro I Sanchez.
1035–1076 Raymond-Berengar I of Barcelona.
1037 Conrad's Constitutio de feudis for Italy.
1037–1055 Břatislav I, duke of Bohemia.
1038 (? ) Conrad II declares Roman Law the territorial law of Rome.
1038 Death of St Stephen of Hungary.
1039 Death of Conrad II (4 June), and accession of Henry III as king
of Germany, Italy, and Burgundy.
Beginning of the Truce of God.
1042 Accession of Edward the Confessor.
1042–1048 Wazo, bishop of Liège.
1043 The “Day of Indulgence. ”
William de Hauteville, count of Apulia.
1046 Henry IIl's coronation as Emperor; he reforms the Papacy. Synod
of Sutri.
1046–1047 Pope Clement II (Suidger of Bamberg).
1049 Death of Odilo, abbot of Cluny.
1049–1054 Pope Leo IX (Bruno of Toul).
1053 Battle of Civitate.
Death of Earl Godwin.
1054 Battle of Dunsinane.
Schism of East and West.
1055–1057 Pope Victor II.
1056 Death of Henry III and succession of Henry IV.
1060-1108 Reign of Philip I of France.
1066 Death of Edward the Confessor.
1079 First Norse king of the Isle of Man.
NOTE
For the transliteration of Slavonic names there has been adopted the scheme
given in the Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. vur; for Oriental names that
used in the publications of the Royal Asiatic Society.
## p. 651 (#697) ############################################
651
INDEX
.
Adalard, Bishop of Reggio, 158
Adalard, Bishop of Verona, aids Louis (the
Blind), 149
Adalard, Count Palatine, 3
Adalbero, Archbishop of Rheims, 80, 209;
charged with treason, 81 sqq. ; correspond-
ence of, 81; 536; death of, 99
Adalbero, Archbishop of Trèves, 238, 248
Adalbero, Bishop of Laon. See Asselin
Adalbero, Bishop of Metz, 197; 200
Adalbero (III), Bishop of Metz, 293
Adalbero, Bishop of Verdun, 209 sq.
Adalbero of Eppenstein, Bishop of Bamberg,
297
Adalbero of Eppenstein, Duke of Carinthia;
made Duke, 239, 249, 253; deposed, 269 sq. ,
Aar, river, 26, and Burgundy, 136, 180 note
Aargau, seized by Rodolph II, 136
Aarhus, see of, founded, 192
Abacus, revived by Gerbert, 536
Abbasid Caliphs, 413, 419; in Africa, 410,
413
Abbo of St Germain, 497, 529
Abdallāh, becomes Emir of Spain, 418 sq. ;
420; 433
'Abdallāh, son of Tarūb, 416
*Abd-al-Malik, Governor of Spain, 409
Abd-ar-Rahmān, Emir of Spain, 409
*Abd-ar-Rahmān ibn Mu'āwiya, Emir of
Spain, early life of, 410; enters Spain, 411;
becomes Emir, 412 sq. ; 415; independent
of the Caliphate of Bagdad, 430; builds a
mosque at Cordova, 432, 436
*Abd-ar-Rahmān II, Emir of Spain; as
prince, 414; reign of, 415 sqq. ; the Spanish
March and, 8; the Vikings and, 317, 416;
social conditions under, 429, 432
'Abd-ar-Rahmān III, Emir of Spain; and
the Spanish party, 419 sqq. ; takes the title
of Caliph, 421; wars with Leon, 420 sqq. ;
with Navarre, 421; African policy, 421 sqq. ;
character and death of, 423; library of,
435; trade and society under, 428, 431 sq.
*Abd-ar-Raḥmān, son of Hakam II, 424
'Abd-ar-Raḥmān, son of Ibn Hajjāj, 419
'Abd-ar-Rahmān, “Sanchuelo," 427
Abdias, Apostolic History of, 497
Aberffraw, 342
Abingdon, abbey at, 374, 404; abbots of, see
Aethelwold, Siward, Spearhafoc
Abotrites. See Obotrites
Abraham, Bishop of Freising, imprisoned,
205; 218
Abraham, Testament of, 505
Abruzzans, the, 155
Abruzzi, the, bishopric in, 166; Paldolf of
Capua in, 268
Abū Hafs Omar al-Balluţi, 415
Abulaz. See Hakam I
Abu'l-ķāsim, Sicilian emir, 169, 176
Abu-l-Khattár, Governor of Spain, 409
Abu-Marwan, at Saragossa, 8
Abū-s-Şabbāḥ, cited, 412 note
Abu Yazid, Berber chief, 422
Acca, cross of, 555
Acircius, identified, 493 note
Acqui, 240; see of, 175
Adalard, Abbot of Corbie, 2, 12
Adalard, Abbot of Saint-Bertin, 35 sqq.
274; death of, 277; 297
Adalbert, King of Italy, 158; submits to
Otto I, 159, 195 ; wars with Otto I, 160 sqq. ;
escapes to the Saracens, 162; leads revolt,
166 sq. ; death of, 167; 201; 247
Adalbert, Provost of Halberstadt, made Arch-
bishop of Bremen, 289 sq. ; declines Papacy,
291 ; Duke Bernard and, 293 sq. , 305 ;
negotiates treaty with Svein, 294; strained
relations with Svein, 296 sq. ; ecclesiastical
ambitions of, 297, 305 sq.
Adalbert, monk, missionary to Russia,
201 sq. ; Archbishop of Magdeburg, 202
Adalbert, Archbishop of Ravenna, 242 sq.
Adalbert, St, Bishop of Prague, xvi sq. ; 173;
300
Adalbert, Duke of Upper Lorraine, 293 sq.
Adalbert I, Duke (Marquess) of Tuscany, 48;
war with John VIII, 55 sq.
Adalbert II, the Rich, Marquess of Tuscany,
submits to Emperor Guy, 65; plots against
Berengar I, 148 sq. ; Sergius III and, 151
Adalbert, Marquess of Ivrea, 148; and
Rodolph II, 136, 152 sq. ; 157
Adalbert-Atto, of Canossa; and Queen Ade-
laide, 158 sq. ; Count of Modena and Reggio,
163
Adalbert of Babenberg, 68
Adalbert, of Babenberg, Margrave of Austria,
295; 298; 303
Adalbert, veteran of Charles the Great, 530
Adalbold, Bishop of Utrecht, 249
Adalman, contests see of Milan, 158; resigns,
160
Adam, Life of, 506
Adamnan, Abbot of Hy (Iona), Life of Co-
lumba by, 504, 507; 506
## p. 652 (#698) ############################################
652
Index
Adamnan, Vision of, 505
Adananus. See Adamnan
Adela, wife of Baldwin of Lille, Count of
Flanders, 111
Adelaide, Empress, marries Lothar II, King
of Italy, 140, 156, 158, 194; marries Em-
peror Otto I, 140 sq. , 159, 162, 195, 205
note; Otto II and, 168, 207, 209; Otto III
and, 171, 210 sq.
