No More Learning

morial Address (1877); Prince Deukalion
(1878). Posthumously: Picturesque Europe
(edited : 1878-80); (Studies in German Liter-
aturel (1879); Critical Essays and Literary
Notes) (1880); Dramatic Works) (1880). *
Taylor, Benjamin Franklin. An American
poet, author, and war correspondent; born at
Lowville, N. Y. , 1819; died at Cleveland, O. ,
1887. He wrote: Pictures of Life in Camp
and Field) (1871); (The World on Wheels)
(1874); "Song of Yesterday) (1877); (Between
the Gates) (1878); "Summer Savory) (1879);
(Dulce Domum! (1884); (Theophilus Trent'
(1887).
Taylor, Sir Henry. An English poet of
celebrity ; born at Bishop-Middleham, Durham,
Oct. 18, 1800; died March 28, 1886. In 1824
he became editor of the London Magazine,
and obtained a position in the Colonial Office,
which he retained until 1872. His dramatic
works are : (Isaac Comnenus) (1827); “Philip
van Artevelde) (1834), his best ; (Edwin the
Fair) (1842); (The Virgin Widow) (1850); and
(St. Clement's Eve! (18 He published
several volumes of essays, -" The Statesman'
>


## p. 517 (#533) ############################################

TAYLOR:
517
(1836), Notes from Life) (1847), «Notes from
Books) (1849); also (The Eve of the Con-
quest, and Other Poems) (1847); and his (Au-
tobiography) (1885). In 1888 his Letters)
appeared, edited by Dowden. *
Taylor, Isaac (known as Taylor of Ongar).
An English minister and author; born in Lon-
don, in 1759; died at Ongar, Dec. II, 1829.
He was originally an engraver. Besides ser-
mons, he published many volumes, chiefly for
the young; among which are: (Advice to the
Teens); (Beginnings of British Biography);
(Beginnings of European Biography); (Bi-
ography of a Brown Loaf); (Book of Martyrs
for the Young); Bunyan Explained to a
Child); (Child's Life of Christ); (Mirabilia;
or, The Wonders of Nature and Art); (Scenes
in America, in Asia, in Europe, in Foreign
Lands. )
Taylor, Isaac. An English author, son of
Isaac Taylor of Ongar; born at Lavenham,
Suffolk, Aug. 17, 1787; died at Ongar, June 28,
1865. Besides contributing to the Eclectic
Review, he published many books, including:
Elements of Thought! (1823); History of
the Transmission of Ancient Books to Mod-
ern Times) (1827); “The Process of Historical
Proof Exemplified and Explained' (1828);
Natural History of Enthusiasm (1829);
Physical Theory of Another Life) (1836);
(Loyola and Jesuitism in its Rudiments) (1849).
In 1862 a pension of £,100 was bestowed upon
him from the civil-service fund «in public ac-
knowledgment of his eminent services to litera-
ture, especially in the departments of history
and philosophy, during more than forty years. ”
Taylor, Isaac. An English clergyman and
writer, grandson of Isaac Taylor of Ongar;
born at Stanford Rivers, May 2, 1829; a canon
of York. He has written: 'Words and Places,
an explanation of the local names in Great
Britain (1864, 3 eds. since); “The Family Pen:
Memorials Biographical and Literary of the
Taylor Family of Ongar) (1867); “The Alpha-
bet: An Account of the Origin and Develop-
ment of Letters) (1883); (The Manx Runcs)
(1886); (The Origin of the Aryans) (1890),
summing up the evidence, especially that of
philology and craniology, against the Central-
Asian theory.
Taylor, Isidore Justin Séverin, Baron
(ti'ler or tā'ler). A French dramatist and
writer of books of travel; born at Brussels,
1789; died at Paris, Sept. 8, 1879. Among his
dramatic compositions are: (The Informer);
( Ismail and Marie. ) He wrote also: Pict-
uresque Tour in Spain, Portugal, and the Coast
of Africa) (3 vols. , 1826–32); (Syria, Egypt,
Palestine, and Judea) (3 vols. , 1835-39); Pil-
grimage to Jerusalem (1841); (The Pyrenees)
(1843); and 24 vols. of Picturesque and Ro-
mantic Travels in Ancient France) (1820-63).
Taylor, Jeremy. A celebrated English theo-
logical writer; born August 1613, at Cam-
bridge; died at Lisburn, Ireland, Aug. 13, 1667.
During the civil wars he was chaplain to
Charles I. , who had the degree of D. D. con-
ferred on him for his treatise (Episcopacy As-
serted against the Acephali and Arians New
and Old. In 1658 he became bishop of Down
and Connor in Ireland, and labored earnestly
for the establishment of the Protestant Church
there. Besides his sermons, his principal works
are: (Discourse on the Liberty of Prophesy-
ing) (1647); “The Great Exemplar of Sanctity
and Holy Life (1649); (The Rule and Exer-
cise of Holy Living (1650); (The Rule and
Exercise of Holy Dying) (1651); Ductor Du-
bitantium,' a work on casuistry: *
Taylor, John. An English poet; born in
Gloucestershire, August 1580; died in London,
1654. He followed the occupation of water-
man during a part of his life, and hence was
termed the water-poet. ” His productions, of
which about 140 are known to collectors, are
interesting, as they show the manners and cus-
toms of the times. They are remarkable for the
eccentricity of their titles, as, (Taylor's Re-
venge; or, The Rimer, William Fennor, Firkt,
Ferrited, and Finely Fetched over the Coals)
(1615); (The Pennyles Pilgrimage; or, The
Moneylesse Perambulation of John Taylor,
alias the King's Majestie's Water-Poet, from
London to Edinborough on Foot) (1618).
Taylor, Philip Meadows. An English soldier
and author; born in Liverpool, Sept. 25, 1808;
died in Mentone, France, May 13, 1876. He
spent a great part of his life in India, in the
army and other government service, and mar-
ried an Indian princess. He was the author
of: (Confessions of a Thug) (1839, new ed.
1858); (Tippoo Sultaun: A Tale of the Mysore
War) (1840); Notices of Cromlechs, Cairns,
and Other Ancient Scytho-Druidical Remains
in the Principality of Sorapur) (1853); “Tara:
A Mahratta Tale) (1863); (The Student's Man.
ual of the History of India, from the Earliest
Period to the Present) (1870); and other works.
Taylor, Thomas. An English author styled
(the Platonist”; born in London, May 15,
1758; died there, Nov. I, 1835. His works com-
prise 63 vols. , of which 23 are large quartos.
Among them are treatises on arithmetic and
geometry; on the Eleusinian and Bacchic mys-
teries; an essay on the Rights of Brutes, in
ridicule of Thomas Paine's (Rights of Man);
a (History of the Restoration of the Platonic
Theology); and a volume of (Miscellanies in
Prose and Verse. ) His main labor was the
translating of great classical Greek and Latin
works. His translation of Plato was in 5 vols. ,
and was printed at the expense of the Duke
of Norfolk. Of his translation of Aristotle only
fifty complete copies were struck off; the ex-
pense being defrayed by W. Meredith, a retired
tradesman.
Taylor, Tom. A British dramatist; born at
Sunderland, Durham, in 1817; died at Wands.
worth, July 12, 1880. He edited Punch in 1874-
80; was art critic to the London Times and
(


## p. 518 (#534) ############################################

518
TAYLOR – TENNANT
Graphic, and produced more than 100 dramatic
pieces. Among them are: (Still Waters Run
Deep'; (The Unequal Match'; (The Over-
land Route); (The Contested Election); Our
American Cousin); “The Ticket-of-Leave Man. '
He translated from the French of Villemarqué
(The Ballads and Songs of Brittany); and
published Life and Times of Sir Joshua Rey.
nolds) (1865).
Taylor, William. An American evangelist,
missionary bishop in Africa, and author; born
1821. He wrote: (California Life Illustrated);
(Seven Years' Street Preaching in San Fran-
cisco) (1856); Model Preacher) (1860); (Four
Years' Campaign in India (1875).
Tchernytchevskiï, Nikolai Gavrilovich
(cher-ne-chev'skē)A Russian miscellaneous
writer ; born at Saratov, July 1, 1828; died there,
Oct. 29, 1889. He translated into Russian J. S.
Mill's Principles of Political Economy, mak-
ing considerable additions to the first volume.
While in prison as a suspect he wrote the
novel “What's to be Done ? ) (1863), which
won for him deportation to Siberia. It has
been translated into English. In 1883 he was
allowed to live in Astrakhan, and was par-
doned in 1889.
Teellinck, Evald (tāʻlink). A notable Dutch
anti-papal polemist; born at Zierickzee about
1570; died 1629. He wrote some 20 books,
most of them attacking the papal system.
Among them are: (The Paw of the Beast);
(The Plain Mark of Antichrist); (Bileam ; or,
The Blind Papist. ?
Tegnér, Esaias (teng-nır'). A Swedish poet;
born at Kyrkerud, Wermland, Sweden, Nov.
13, 1782; died at Wexio, Nov. 2, 1846. His
most celebrated work is the epic (Frithiof's
Saga) (1825), a collection of ballads which has
been translated into every European language.
He also wrote a poem, "Svea) (1811), which
was crowned by the Swedish Academy ; (Natt-
värdsbarned) (translated by Longfellow, under
the title (The Children of the Lord's Supper);
(Axel,' a poem of the time of Charles XII.
(Collected Works, Stockholm, 7 vols. , 1847–
51; additional 3 vols. , 1873-74). *
Teleki, Joseph, Count (tel-ek'ē). A Hun-
garian statesman and historian; born Oct. 24,
1790 ; died at Pesth, Feb. 16, 1855. His principal
work is (The Period of the Hunyads in Hun-
gary (5 vols. , with 3 supplementary vols. of
documentary matter, 1852-55).
Téllez, Gabriel, Maestro Fray (tel'yáth).
[“ Tirso de Molina. ”] A Spanish dramatist;
born in Madrid, some time between 1570 and
1585; died in Soria, about 1648. He is said to
have written about 300 plays, but only 59 are
extant. The most famous is 'El Burlador de
Sevilla. He wrote several autos or religious
pieces; and two collections of stories after the
fashion of the "Decameron,' - the (Cigarrales
de Toledo) (1621 or 1624), and (Deleitar Apro-
vechando) (unfinished, 1625).
Telmann, Konrad (telmän). A German
poet and story-writer; born at Stettin, Nov. 26,
1854; died at Rome, Jan. 23, 1897. His princi-
pal works are : In Solitude) (1876); Waves
of Ocean (1884); (In Pomerania) (2 vols. ,
1875), a collection of stories; “Dissonances and
Accords) (1888), stories; (Sicilian Stories)
(1889); (Athwart Life) (1890); “Dark Depths)
(1895); the novels (In the Flush of Morning
(1880), “Væ Victis) (1886), “On the Sirens' Isle,
Capri (1889), “Of the Lineage of the Icaridæ
(1891), "Vox Populi? (1897); etc.
Temme, Jodocus Donatus Hubert (tem'e).
A German jurist and story-writer; born at
Lette in Westphalia, 1798; died at Zürich,
Nov. 14, 1881. Among his stories are : 'German
Tales of Crime) (in two series, comprising 14
vols. ); Darksome Ways) (3 vols. , 1862–63);
(The Black Village) (3 vols. , 1863); (The Na-
tive Land) (3 vols. , 1868).
Tempeltey, Eduard (tem-pel'ti). A German
poet; born at Berlin, Oct. 13, 1832. His two
dramas, Clytemnestra) (1857), and Here
Guelph, Here Ghibellin ! ) (1859) were received
with extraordinary favor. Among his other
dramas is Cromwell (1882), which was also
remarkably successful. He wrote also a chap-
let of songs, Mariengarn) (1866), the theme
of which is love in all its phases.
Tencin, Claudine-Alexandrine Guérin de
(ten-san'). A French writer; born at Grenoble
in 1681 ; died Dec. 4, 1749. She was the friend
of Fontenelle, Marmontel, Bolingbroke, and
other noted men, and the mother of D'Alem-
bert. Among her writings are: “The Siege of
Calais); (The Misfortunes of Love); (Anec.
dotes of the Court and Reign of Edward II. ';
and “The Count of Comminges,' which is prob-
ably her best book.
Ten Kate, Jan Jacob Lodewijk (ten kä'tė).
A Dutch poet and theologian; born at The
Hague, Dec. 23, 1819. In 1836 his first volume
of poems, entitled (Gedichten,' appeared. In
1837, with a friend, he published a translation
of the (Odes) of Anacreon, the first of a long
series of translations that have distinguished
him among modern Dutch poets. Among these
may be mentioned that of Byron's (Giaour);
Tasso's (Gerusalemme Liberata) (1856); Teg.
nér's (Frithiof's Saga' (1861); Schiller's (Marie
Stuart) (1866); La Fontaine's (Fables); Dan.
te's Inferno) (1876); Milton's Paradise Lost)
(1880). Among his original works are various
collections of poems, and many treatises of a
religious or philosophical character, some in
prose; Dead and Alive) (1856); (The Crea-
tion (1860; English translation by Rev. D. Van
de Pelt, 1888); « The Planets) (1869); (Eunoë)
(1874); (Palm Leaves and Flowers of Poesy)
(1884).
Tennant, William. A Scottish Oriental
scholar; born at Anstruther, Fifeshire, May
15, 1784; died near Dollar, Feb. 15, 1848. He
was professor of Oriental languages at St.
Andrews University from 1834. He published:


## p. 519 (#535) ############################################

TENNEMANN - TERTULLIAN
519
3
(
(The Anster Concert) (1811), and Anster
Fair, both poems descriptive of rural Scottish
life; several later poems and dramas; a (Syr-
iac and Chaldee Grammar) (1840); a "Life of
Allan Ramsay) (1808); and numerous contribu-
tions to periodicals, including translations from
Oriental poets.
Tennemann, Wilhelm Gottlieb (ten'é-män).
A German philosopher; born at Brembach near
Erfurt, 1761; died 1819. His most important
work is a (History of Philosophy) (11 vols. ,
1798-1819); he wrote also : (Doctrines and Opin-
ions of the Disciples of Socrates on the Immor-
tality of the Soul) (1791); Plato's System of
Philosophy) (4 vols. , 1792-94).
Tenney, Mrs. Sarah (Brownson). An
American novelist; born in Massachusetts,
1839; died in New Jersey, 1876. She was
daughter of Orestes A. Brownson. Her books
are: Marion Elwood' (1859); (At Anchor)
( 1865); and Life of Demetrius Gallitzin,
Prince and Priest) (1873).
Tennyson, Alfred, Baron Tennyson. The
great English poet; born at Somersby, Lincoln-
shire, Aug. 6, 1809; died at Aldworth, Oct. 6,
1892. He published, with his brother Charles,
a volume entitled Poems of Two Brothers)
(1827). In 1829 he won the chancellor's gold
medal for the prize poem (Timbuctoo'; in
1830 appeared his first book, Poems, Chiefly
Lyrical); in 1832 the first volume containing
still recognized masterpieces; in 1850 (In Me-
moriam); the same year he was appointed
poet-laureate to succeed Wordsworth; in 1855
he received the honorary degree of D. C. L.
from Oxford. (The Princess) was published in
1847; Maud and Other Poems) in 1855; (The
Idylls of the King) in 1859; (Enoch Arden)
and (The Holy Grail) in 1869; "Queen Mary'
in 1875; (Harold' in 1876; (The Cup) in 1884;
(Tiresias) in 1885; (Locksley Hall Sixty Years
After,' etc. , in 1886; (The Foresters) and the
collection (Death of Enone) in 1892. *
Tennyson, Charles. See Turner.
Tennyson, Frederick. An English poet,
brother of Alfred; born at Louth, Lincolnshire,
June 5, 1807. He was educated at Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, and in 1828 took the medal
for a Greek poem. He published various vol-
umes of verse, including Days and Hours)
(1854); (The Isles of Greece) (1890); (Daphne,
and Other Poems) (1891).
Tennyson, Hallam, Lord. An English bi-
ographer, son of Alfred; born 1852. He has
written (The Life of Alfred, Lord Tennyson
(2 vols. , 1897), containing a complete bibliogra-
phy of his father's works.
Teramo, Jacopo Palladino de (tā-rä'mo).
An Italian bishop and writer ; born at Teramo
in the Abruzzi, 1349; died in Poland, 1417.
He is noted as author of 'The Trial of Belial,
a vision in which Belial appeals to God for
justice for the infringement of his rights by
Jesus Christ.
Tercy, Fanny Messageot (târ-sē'), wife of
François; born 1781. She wrote several tales,
among them (Louise de Sénancour) (1817);
(The Hermit of Mt. St. Valentin' (1821); (The
Wife of Holofernes) (1829); (Chronicles of
Franche-Comté) (1831).
Tercy, François. A French poet; born at
Lons-le-Saulnier in Jura, about 1774; died at
Le Mans, Oct. I, 1841. He wrote: (Epithala-
mium of Napoleon and Marie Louise) (1810);
(Birth of the King of Rome) (1811); Death
of Louis XVI. , an idyl in the ancient style
(1816); Death and Apotheosis of Marie An-
toinette) (1817); Death of Louis XVIII. (1818).
Terence - Publius Terentius Afer (ter'.
ens). A Latin writer of comedy; born at
Carthage about 185 B. C. ; died about 159 B. C.
He was a slave, but on account of his talent
was carefully educated and was manumitted ;
after the performance of his first comedy,
(Andria,' in 166 B. C. , he enjoyed the friend-
ship of such men as the younger Scipio and
Lælius. All his comedies are extant; they are:
(Andria, Hecyra, (Heauton - timorumenos,
(Eunuchus, Phormio,' and (Adelphi. There
are translations into English by Patrick (1745),
Colman (1765), and Riley (1853). *
Terhune, Albert Payson. An American
journalist and author, son of Mary V. ; born
1868. He wrote: (Syria from the Saddle);
(Columbia Stories); (The Great Cedarhurst
Mystery.
Terhune, Mrs. Mary Virginia (Hawes).
[“Marion Harland. ”] An American novelist,
editor, and writer on domestic topics ; born in
Virginia, 1830. She has contributed largely to
magazines, edited departments in Wide Awake,
St. Nicholas, etc. , and conducted other maga-
zines as chief editor. Among her novels are :
(Alone) (1854); (The Hidden Path) (1855);
Moss Side (1857); Miriam' (1860); Neme-
sis) (1860); (Husks) (1863); “Sunnybank) (1866);
etc. Her works on housekeeping include:
(Common Sense in the Household' (1871);
Breakfast, Luncheon, and Tea) (1875); (The
Dinner Year-Book) (1878).
Terrasson, Jean (tär-äs-on'). A French
miscellaneous writer; born at Lyons, 1670;
died at Paris, 1750. He wrote (Sethos,' a
sort of philosophical novel, which contains
some curious details regarding the customs of
ancient Egypt, and the initiations into the re-
ligious mysteries (3 vols. , 1731); Dissertation
on Homer's Iliad (1715); "Justification of the
India Company) (1720).
Tersteegen, Gerhard. A German lyric poet;
born at Mörs, Nov. 25, 1697; died at Mühlheim
on the Ruhr, April 3, 1769. Among his works
are : (The Spiritual Garden (1729); (Crumbs)
(1773). Among his religious songs and hymns
the more notable are (Shout, ye Heavens, for
Joy); and (The Day is Now Ended. ?
Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens
Tertullianus) (ter-tul'yan). A Latin Church


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520
TESTI – THALES
Father and ecclesiastical writer; born at Car.
thage about 100 A. D. ; died about 240. He
wrote many works, among which are (Apolo-
geticum); On the Pretexts of the Heretics);
(Against Marcion, in five books; and works
on Patience, on Chastity, on Monogamy, on
Idolatry, on Theatres, etc.
Testi, Fulvio, Count (tes'tē. ) An Italian
statesman and poet; born at Ferrara, 1593;
died there, 1646. He was one of the most pota-
ble lyric poets of Italy in his time. Besides
songs and ballads, he wrote: (Arsinda; or,
the Line of the Princes d'Este,' a drama; 'The
Isle of Alcina, a tragedy; an uncompleted
epic, 'Constantine); Italy,' a poem in 43 stan-
zas, in which he portrays the situation of Italy
under the Spanish yoke.
Tétard, Jean (tė-tä'). A French philosoph-
ical and polemical writer; born at Longvic in
Burgundy, 1770; died at Paris, 1841. Among
his writings are: Moral Essay on Man in his
Relation to God? (1818); (Against Obscurant-
ism and Jesuitism) (1826); "Indelible and His.
toric Character of Jesuitism and Doctrinism
(1832).
Teuffel, Mrs. Blanche Willis (Howard).
An American novelist; born at Bangor, Me. ,
1847; now living at Stuttgart. Her books are :
(One Summer) (1875); (One Year Abroad)
(1877); (Aunt Serena' (1881); "Guenn) (1883);
(Aulnay Tower) (1885);( Tony the Maid (1887);
(The Open Door) (1889); (A Battle and a Boy)
(1892); No Heroes) (1893).
Teuffel, Wilhelm (toi'fel). A German phi-
lologist; born at Ludwigsburg, Sept. 27, 1820;
died at Tübingen, where he was professor in the
university, March 8, 1878. His greatest work
is the History of Roman Literature) (1870).
He wrote also :Exercises in Latin Style (1887);
(Studies in Greek and Roman, and also in
German Literary History) (1871); and edited
with notes several Greek and Roman classics.
Teutsch, Georg Daniel (toitsh). A Transyl-
vanian historical writer; born at Schässburg;
died at Hermannstadt, July 2, 1893. He was
bishop of the Saxons of Transylvania, and
wrote : History of the Transylvanian Saxons)
(2d ed. 1874); (Compend of the History of
Transylvania); Documents for the History of
Transylvania) (1857); (The Reformation in the
Transylvanian Saxonland) (6th ed. 1886); (Doc-
umentary History of the Evangelical Church
in Transylvania) (2 vols. , 1862–63).
Texier, Charles Félix Marie (tex-yā' or
tez-yā'). A French archæologist; born at Ver-
sailles, 1802; died 1871. He wrote: (Descrip-
tion of Asia Minor: Fine Arts, Historic Monu-
ments, Plans of Ancient Cities, etc. (1839);
( Description of Armenia, Persia, Mesopotamia
(1842); (The Ancient Ports at the Mouth of
the Tiber) (1858); Byzantine Architecture )
(1865).
Thaarup, Thomas (tär'op). A Danish poet;
born at Copenhagen, 1749; died 1821. Some
of his dramatic compositions, among them
(The Birthday) and Peter's Wedding,' are
regarded as equal to the best in Danish liter-
ature. His Song of Love and Fatherland)
ranks as a lyrical classic.
Thacher, John Boyd. An American critical
scholar and bibliographer; born in 1847. He was
chairman of the Committee of Awards at the
World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, in
1893; mayor of Albany in 1897. He has pub-
lished: (Charlecote : A Drama); (The Conti-
nent of America, its Discovery and its Bap-
tism'; Little Speeches. '
Thackeray, William Makepeace. A cele-
brated English novelist; born in Calcutta, India,
July 18, 1811; died Dec. 24, 1863. His works
include: "The Paris Sketch-Book) (1840);
(Comic Tales and Sketches) (1841), which con-
tained (Yellowplush Papers,' 'Major Gahagan,
and (The Bedford Row Conspiracy); (The
Great Hoggarty Diamond (1841: in book form
1848); A Shabby-Genteel Story) (1841); (The
Chronicle of the Drum? (1841); Barry Lyn-
don) (1842); Men's Wives) (1842); (Irish
Sketch-Book) (1843); Notes of a Journey from
Cornhill to Grand Cairo) (1846); Vanity Fair)
(Jan. 1847- July 1848);"Our Street) (1847); (The
Book of Snobs) (1848); Mrs. Perkins's Ball
(1848); Dr. Birch and his Young Friends)
(1848); (The History of Samuel Titmarsh
(1848), a reissue of various articles; (The His.
tory of Pendennis) (Nov. 1848 - Oct. 1850);
(English Humorists of the Eighteenth Century)
(1851-52), a series of lectures; (The History
of Henry Esmond) (1852); (The Newcomes)
(1853-55); (The Rose and the Ring) (1854);
(The Four Georges) (1855-56), a series of
lectures; (The Virginians) (1857-59); Lovel
the Widower) (1860-61); (The Adventures of
Philip) (1861-62); <Roundabout Papers) (1862),
being a volume of previously printed pieces;
(Denis Duval (1867), left unfinished. His
drawings and caricatures were posthumously
published in book form under the title (Thack-
eravana (1876). *
Thaer, Wilhelm Albrecht (tä'er). A Ger.
man agriculturist; born at Lüdersdorf, near
Wriezen on the Oder, Aug. 6, 1828. He was
appointed professor in the University of Gies-
sen, 1871. He is author of a “System of Agri-
culture ) (1877); (Ancient Egyptian Husbandry)
(1881); (Weeds in Rural Economy) (1881);
(Researches in Tenant-Farming (1890).
Thales (thā'lēs). The earliest of the Greek
philosophers, called the father of philosophy;
born at Miletus, 640 B. C. ; died about 550.
He was the founder of the Ionic school, one
of the chief sources of Grecian philosophy.
He visited Egypt for instruction in the sciences
professed by the priesthood. Besides abstract
philosophy, he studied geometry and astronomy,
and tradition credits him with predicting a so-
lar eclipse. His ancient biographers mention
among his services to astronomy a calculation
of the length of the year, and of the interval
:
)


## p. 521 (#537) ############################################

THANET - THEOPHRASTUS
521
between solstices and equinoxes. He left noth-
ing in writing.
Thanet, Octave, pseudonym of Alice French.
An American novelist; born in Massachusetts,
1850. She has published: (Knitters in the
Sun); Otto the Knight); (Stories of a West-
ern Town); (An Adventure in Photography);
(Expiation); etc. *
Thausing, Moritz (tou'sing). An Austrian
art critic; born at Leitmeritz in Bohemia,
June 3, 1838; died there, Aug. 14, 1884. He
became professor of the science of æsthetics
in the University of Vienna, 1873. He wrote:
(Dürer: History of his Life and his Art)
(1876); (J. J. Callot's Sketch-Book) (1881);
(Art Letters from Vienna) (1884).
Thaxter, Mrs. Celia (Leighton). An Amer-
ican poet; born at Portsmouth, N. H. , June
20, 1836; died 1894. She spent her childhood
and most of her later life at the Isles of Shoals.
Her works are: (Poems) (1872); (Among the
Isles of Shoals) (1873); Poems (1874); “Drift-
Weed) (1879); Poems for Children (1884);
"The Cruise of the Mystery, etc. (1886); (Idyls
and Pastorals) (1886); (The Yule Log (1889);
(An Island Garden (1894); Letters) (1895);
"Stories and Poems for Children' (1895). *
Thayer, Alexander Wheelock. An Ameri.
can writer on music and musicians, whose life
has mostly been spent abroad; born in 1817.
He contributed to the Dictionary of Music);
was musical critic of the New York Tribune;
afterwards was consul at Trieste, 1859-82. He
published: (Signor Masoni, etc. (1862); “The
Hebrews and the Red Sea) (1883); and three
volumes of Life of Beethoven) (1866–87).
Thayer, Mrs. Emma (Homan) (Graves). A
writer and artist of Colorado; born 1842. She
has written: «Wild Flowers of Colorado);
(Wild Flowers of the Pacific Coast); (An
English American (a novel).
Thayer, Joseph Henry. An American cler-
gyman, Biblical scholar, and translator; born
in 1828. He graduated from Harvard in 1850,
from Andover in 1857. He was pastor of a
Congregational church, and a military chap-
lain, 1859–64; secretary of the American Board
of Revision for the New Testament, 1877; and
professor in Harvard Divinity School since
1884. He has written : (Grammar of the Idiom
of the New Testament); Books and Their
Use); translations of (Grammar of the New
Testament Greek); (Greek-English Lexicon of
the New Testament); and published a volume
of Critical Essays. )
Thayer, William Makepeace. An Ameri-
can clergyman, retired from the Congregational
church and devoted to literature.
He was
born at Franklin, Mass. , Feb. 23, 1820. His
books have attained great popularity, several
being reprinted abroad in German, French,
Italian, Greek, Swedish, etc. Among his works
are: (The Bobbin Boy) (1859); (The Pioneer
Boy) (1863); a Series of Biographies (10 vols. ,
1859-63); (Youth's History of the Rebellion)
(1863-65); (White House Stories) (1880-85);
(Marvels of the New West' (1887); "Life of Gar-
field); (Men who Win); (Women who Win. )
Theiner, Augustin (ti'ner). A German can-
onist; born at Breslau, April 11, 1804; died
Aug. 10, 1874. He was appointed prefect of
the Vatican archives, 1855; but was deprived
of that office during the Vatican Council on the
charge of giving to certain oppositionist bishops
secret documents of the curia. His first nota.
ble work was a tractate in opposition to the
rule of clerical celibacy, (The Introduction of
Obligatory Celibacy) (2 vols. , 1828; new ed.
enlarged, 3 vols. , 1856-57). His other principal
works are : History of the Return of the Reign-
ing Houses of Brunswick and Saxony to the
Bosom of the Catholic Church (1843); an edi.
tion of Baronius's Church Annals, with a con-
tinuation (3 vols. , 1856-57); Diplomatic Code
of the Temporal Dominion of the Holy See)
(1863); (Temporal Sovereignty of the Holy
See Judged by the General Councils of Lyons
and Constance (1867).
Theocritus (the-ok'rē-tus). The greatest of
Greek bucolic poets; commonly reputed to
have been a native of Syracuse, but Cos also
claims him; he lived in the first half of the
third century B. C. He wrote in he Doric
dialect, pastorals and idyls of lowly life, which
have ever since been regarded as the con-
summate models of that kind of poetry. Vir-
gil imitated him in his (Bucolics. ' We have
31 of his idyls and pastorals, and a number
of his epigrams: there are English translations
by Calverley (1869) in verse, by Andrew Lang
(1860) in prose, and by others. *
Theodoret (the-od'Ō-ret). A celebrated
Greek church historian and theological writer;
born at Antioch about 390; died about 400.
He became bishop of Cyrrhus, a city in Syria,
423, and there passed the remainder of his
liie. He wrote voluminous commentaries on
the Scriptural books, of which many are ex-
tant; we have also his "Church History) in
five books, covering the period 324-429, and
several of his theological tractates, besides
about 200 of his (Letters.
Theognis of Megara (thé-og'nis). A Greek
elegiac poet who flourished in the latter half
of the sixth century B. C. There are 1389
verses preserved under his name, of import-
ance in enabling us to understand the state
of parties and the problems of society in the
Greece of that time. Translated by Frere
(1842). *
Theophrastus of Eresus in Lesbos (the-o.
fras'tus). A Greek philosopher; became the
head of the Peripatetic school after the death
of its founder Aristotle, presiding over it for
35 years (322-287 B. C. ). His treatises on
(Practical Botany,' in nine books, and (The-
oretical Botany,' in six books, are still extant;
besides fragments of works on mineralogy, on
the senses, and on metaphysics. The work by


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which he is best known is his treatise called
(Characters.
Theophylactus, surnamed Simocatta (thē.
o-fil-ak'tus). A Byzantine historian; born at
Locri about 570 A. D. ; died about 640. Three
of his works are extant: History of the Em-
peror Maurice); Problems of Physics); "Let-
ters, Moral, Rural, and Amorous,' — of these
there are 85, in which are imitated the letters
of Aristænetus.
Theopompus of Chios (the'o-pom'pus). A
Greek historian and rhetorician; born about
378 B.