In the
following
year, calculation of the stadia he adopts the reckoning of
455, Valentinian was murdered ; Maximin usurped Protagoras.
455, Valentinian was murdered ; Maximin usurped Protagoras.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
The wife of C.
Julius Caesar, the grandfather
The emperor's judgment was in favour of the equi- of the dictator, and the sister of Q. Marcius Rex,
table interpretation, but against the strict law. consul in B. c. 118. (Suet. Caes. 6. )
The conjecture that the Ulpius Marcellus, who 3. A vestal virgin, who was condemned along
commanded in Britain in the reign of Commodus, with Licinia in B. c. 113 by L. Cassius Longinus.
is the jurist, hardly needs refutation. The only For particulars and authorities see LICINIA, No. 2.
ground for it is the sameness of name, to which it 4. The second wife of M. Cato Uticensis, to
is objected that Dion Cassius, who speaks of the whom she bore many children, was the daughter of
military talent of Ulpius Marcellus, says nothing L. Marcius Philippus, consul B. c. 56. It was
of his legal reputation (Dion Cassius, lxxi. 8, and about the year B. c. 56 that Cato is related to have
the note of Reimarus). Besides this, it is very ceded her to his friend Q. Hortensius, with the
unlikely that a man who had been a jurist during I approbation of her father: some remarks upon this
a
## p. 940 (#956) ############################################
940
MARCIA GENS.
MARCIANUS.
es the empre
the unbassa
pate up the
Dobit and le
take blood's
bare prude
tian who
to give up hi
Intation as
invasion A
and Coastar
peront with
Ama,
provide a
Upon this
4 D. 451.
of Chalcedo
fete conde
Beleztatza
the Arabs
pece; and
ist tb
curious tale are made elsewhere. _[Vol. I. p. 648, B. C. 310. The only patrician family in this gens,
b. ] She continued to live with Hortensius till the as is remarked above, was that of CORIOLANUS:
death of the latter, in B. C. 50, after which she the names of the plebeian families in the time of
returned to Cato, who left her behind in Rome, the republic are CENSORINUS, CRISPUS, FIGULUS
placing his family and property under her care, LIBO, PHILIPPUS, RALLA, Rex, Rurus, RUTILUS,
vhen he fled from the city with the rest of the SeptimuS, SERMO, TREMULUS. The only cogno.
aristocratical party on Cacsar's approach in B. C. 49. mens which occur on coins are Censorinus, Libo,
(Appian, B. C. ii. 99 ; Plut. Cat. min. 25, 39, 52; Philippus. A few persons are mentioned without
Lucan, ii. 329, &c. )
any surname: they are given under MARCIUS.
5. The wife of Fabius Maximus, the friend of MARCIANUS, emperor of the East (A. D.
Augustus, learnt from her husband the secret visit 450-457), was the son of an obscure but respect-
of the emperor to his grandson Agrippa, and in-able man, who had served in the imperial annies.
formed Livia of it, in consequence of which she He was born either in Thrace or in Illyricum,
became the cause of her husband's death, A. D. 13 about A. D. 391 ; and at an early age he entered!
or 14. (Tac. Ann, i. 5. ) We learn from Ovid the imperial army. Of his earlier history we are
(Fast. vi. 802) that she belonged to the family of acquainted with a few trifling stories and adven-
the Philippi. Her name also occurs in the epistle tures. His way to fortune was slow, for in 421,
which Ovid addressed to her husband (Ex Pont at the age of thirty, he was still a common soldier,
j. 2).
or, perhaps, a non-commissioned officer. Some years
6. The daughter of Cremutius Cordus, who was afterwards he attached himself to the famoun
put to death in the reign of Tiberius, is spoken of general Aspar, and subsequently to his son Arda-
under CORDUB. [Vol. 1. p. 851, b. )
burius, as private secretary, obtaining, at the same
7. Marcia FURNILLA, the second wife of the time, the office of captain of the guards. During
emperor Titus, was divorced by her husband after fifteen, or perhaps nineteen years, he continued in
the death of their daughter Julia. (Suet. Tit. 4. ) the service of those eminent men, and found ample
Some commentators propose changing the name of opportunities for developing his military talents.
l'uruilla into Fulviu or Fulvilla, on the authority He accompanied Aspar in his unfortunate campaign
of a coin which bears the legend Pouisia Lebaoth. against Genseris, king of the Vandals in Africa, in
But the coin is of rather doubtful authority ; and 431, when he was made a prisoner of war; but on
even if it be genuine it may refer to Fulvia Plautilla, account of his reputation, and perhaps for services
the wife of Caracalla. It is very improbable that which history does not record, obtained his release,
a coin should be struck in honour of a woman that and returned to Constantinople. His history
had been divorced, and that the title of Augusta during the following nineteen years is veiled in
should be given to her. (Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 364. ) obscurity ; and it is only from subsequent events
MA'RCIA. 1. The mistress of Quadratus, that we are allowed to conclude that he distin-
who was slain by Commodus, became the favourite guished himself in no ordinary degree ; for the
concubine of Commodus himself. From her he emperor, Theodosius the Younger, having died in
adopted the title of Amazonius. She was one of 450, his widow, the celebrated Pulcheria, offered
the most active among the conspirators, who com- her hand and the imperial title to Marcian, on
passed his destruction. She subsequently became condition that he would not prevent her from con-
the wife of Eclectus, his chamberlain, also a continuing the state of virginity which she had
spirator, and was eventually put to death by hitherto enjoyed ; and Marcian, who was then
Julianus, along with Laetus, who also had been about sixty, consented to it gladly, and married
actively engaged in the plot. We are told appa- the chaste empress, who was then above fifty.
rently by Xiphilinus, that she was friendly to the At that time Marcian held the rank of tribune and
Christians, for whom, through her influence with senator ; and he was so favourably known among
;
the emperor, she procured many advantages. (Dion the people, that his elevation to supreme power
Cass. lxxii. 4, lxxiii. 16. ) [COMMODUS, ECLEC was received by them with applause and demon-
Tus, LAETUS, QUADRATUS. )
strations of joy. His coronation took place on the
2. The first wife of Septimius Severus. She 24th of August, 450; and the whole transaction,
died before her husband became emperor ; and as it seems, was so little premeditated, and was
after his elevation he erected statues to her memory. settled in so short a time, that Valentinian, the
(See authorities on SEVERUS. ) [W. R. ] emperor of Rome, was not even asked to give bis
MA'RCIA GENS, originally patrician, after consent, which he did, however, at a later period,
wards plebeian likewise. We also, but not so for he stood in great want of the assistance of a
frequently, find the name written Martius. This man like Marcian, who, to military renown, ac-
gens claimed to be descended from Ancus Marcius, quired in the war against the Vandals and Per
the fourth king of Rome (Suet. Caes. 6; Val. Max. sians, joined a kind disposition and accomplished
iv. 3. & 4; 08. Fast. vi. 803); and hence one of diplomatic skill.
its families subsequently assumed the name of Rex, Both the Eastern and the Western empire were
and the heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus then in great apprehension from the unbounded
Marcius were placed upon the coins of the gens. ambition and power of Attila, who had no sooner
[See the coins under CENSORINUS and Philippus. ] heard of the election of Marcian than he despatched
But notwithstanding the claims to such high an ambassadors to him, demanding, in an imperative
tiquity made by the Marcii, no patricians of this tone, the tribute which the younger Theodosius
name, with the exception of Coriolanus, are men- had engaged to pay annually to the king of the
tioned in the early history of the republic, and it Huns. “I have iron for Attila," was the em-
was not till after the enactment of the Licinian peror's stern answer, “but no gold. ” Upon this
laws that any inember of the gens obtained the Apollonius was sent into Attila's camp to negotiate
consulship. The first Marcius who reached this the continuance of peace, and was charged with
dignity was C. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus, in presents for the barbarian, which he was to deliver
Taebais ir
also sent
entre to
was iben i
apie a
barbarians
to prepare
who bad
The death
from prea
and almos
the Hung
populating
waste ty
against I
Geired ex
(Saronia
Aas an
Herrara
death of
Canned a
Marcian
435, Vale
the crow
rain and
Humne.
Martian
with his
disturban
which w
sans, be
hostilities
Sell il, ar
both of
been the
power of
6
chosen er
from Pal
ofspring
Euphemi
became a
was decid
Bliziratic
5
1
## p. 941 (#957) ############################################
MARCIANUS.
941
MARCIANUS.
on the express condition that they were presents, his wide dominions, and procured for them domestic
but no tribute. Attila having declined to admit and external peace during the terrible expeditions
the ambassador into his presence, though not to of the Huns and the Vandals. His laudable efforts
accept the presents, Apollonius firmly refused to to put down the venality and corruption of the
give up the latter previous to having obtained an public functionaries and advocates were crowned
audience ; and being at last admitted, behaved so with success ; and the Codex Theodosianus con-
nobly and fearlessly, that the king swore he would tains many of his constitutions, from which we may
take bloody revenge. He thought it, however, draw a favourable conclusion as to his honesty and
more prudent to turn his wrath against Valen- wisdom. His orthodoxy caused bim to be praised
tinian, who had likewise affronted him, by refusing in an exaggerated degree by the orthodox writers.
to give up his sister Honoria, whom Attila claimed (Evagr. ii. 12; Theophan. p. 89, &c. ; Theodor.
as his betrothed wife. Without disclosing his Lect. i. 28; Nicephor. Call. xv. 1-4; Priscus,
intention as to the countries he had chosen for an pp. 41, 43, 48, 72, &c. ; Zonar. vol. i. p. 45, &c. ;
invasion, Attila sent messengers at once to Rome Cedren. p. 343, &c. ; Procop. Vand. 1, 4; Malela,
and Constantinople, who addressed each of the em- pp. 26, 27 ; Codin. pp. 35, 60, 61; Glycas, p. 262;
perors with the haughty and insulting words : Joel, p. 171. )
(W. P. )
“ Attila, my lord and thy lord, commands thee to
provide a palace for his immediate reception. "
Upon this he set out for the invasion of Gaul,
A. D. 451.
In the same year Marcian assembled the council
of Chalcedon, where the doctrines of the Eutychians
were condemned. In the following year, 452, the
BOMOS
celebrated Ardabarius, then dux Orientis, defeated
the Arabs near Damascus, and made them sue for
COIN OF THE EMPEROR MARCIANUS.
peace ; and Maximin met with similar success
against the Blemmyes, who had invaded the MARCIA'NUS, of Heracleia in Pontus, a
Thebais in Upper Egypt. A strong army was Greek geographer, lived after Ptolemy, whom he
also sent towards the frontiers of the Western frequently quotes, and before Stephanus of Byzan-
empire to assist Valentinian against Attila, who tium, who refers to him, but his exact date is
was then invading Italy, and to secure the Eastern uncertain. If he is the same Marcianus as the
empire against any unexpected diversion of the one mentioned by Synesius (Ep. 103) and Socrates
barbarians. In short Marcian neglected nothing (H. E. iv. 9), he must have lived at the beginning
to prepare peace and happiness for his subjects, of the fifth century of the Christian era. He wrote å
who had so cruelly suffered under his predecessors. work in prose, entitled, IIepitious tñs & Ew Sandoons
The death of Attila, in 453, relieved him not only éqúou te kal doneplov kad twv év, avthi ueglotwv v-
from great and just anxiety, but the subsequent, wv, “A Periplus of the External Sen, both eastern
and almost immediate dissolution of the empire of and western, and of the largest islands in it. ” The
the Huns, afforded him an opportunity of re- External Sea he used in opposition to the Medi-
populating those provinces which had been laid terranean, which he says had been sufficiently
waste by the Huns in their previous campaigns described by Artemiodorus. This work was in
against Theodosius. Thus the Eastern Goths re- two books ; of which the former, on the eastern
ceived extensive lands in Pannonia ; Sarmatians and southern seas, has come down to us entire, but
(Slavonians) and Herules, in Illyricum; and Scyri, of the latter, which treated of the western and
Alans and Huns, under Attila's youngest son northern seas, we possess only the three last chap-
Hernac, in Scythia and Lower Moesia. The ters on Africa, and a mutilated one on the distance
death of the excellent empress Pulcheria, in 454, from Rome to the principal cities in the world. In
caused a general affliction ; but the popularity of this work he chiefly follows Ptolemy, and in the
Marcian only gained by it.
In the following year, calculation of the stadia he adopts the reckoning of
455, Valentinian was murdered ; Maximin usurped Protagoras. He also made an epitome of the eleven
the crown ; Italy and Gaul were covered with books of the Periplous of Artemiodorus of Ephesus
ruins and blood ; and the Vandal Genseric pillaged (ARTEMIODORUS, No. 6), but of this epitome we
Rome. In the midst of these terrible commotions, have only the introduction, and the periplus of
Marcian secured the peace of his own dominions Pontus, Bithynia, and Paphlagonia. It was not,
with his wonted wisdom and firmness; and some however, simply an abridgment of Artemiodorus ;
disturbances having broken out in Lazica, in 456, for Marcianus tells us that he made use of the
which were kindled by the Armenians and Per- works of other distinguished geographers, who had
sians, he sent able officers against the latter, who written descriptions of coasts, among whom he
soon compelled the enemy to desist from farther mentions Timosthenes of Rhodes, Eratosthenes,
hostilities. But in the beginning of 457 Marcian Pytheas of Massilia, Isidorus of Charax, Sosander
fell ill, and after five months' suffering, died on the the pilot, Simmias, A pellas of Cyrene, Euthymenes
26th of June following. His death would have of Massilia, Phileas of Athens, Androsthenes of
been the signal of great calamities but for the Thasus, Cleon of Sicily, Eudoxus of Rhodes,
power of Aspar, who caused Leo the Great to be Hanno of Carthage, Scylax of Caryanda and
chosen emperor. Marcian had, of course, no issue Botthaeus ; but he says that he followed more
from Pulcheria. He had, however, a daughter, the particularly Artemiodorus, Strabo, and Menippus
offspring of a former marriage, who was called of Pergamus. Marcianus also published an edition
Euphemia, and was married to Anthemius, who of Menippus with additions and corrections. (Me-
became afterwards emperor of the West. Marcian NIPPUS. ]
was decidedly an excellent man, who deserves our The extant works of Marcianus were first pab
admiration for the manner in which he governed | lished by D. Hoeschelius in his “Geographica"
## p. 942 (#958) ############################################
942
MARCIANUS.
MARCION.
free.
restored to
I order to
bis father,
refused to
which had
poesibisi
froc un a
the obena
pected of
obain his
painen
Went to 1
there alte
of which,
Papel de
Thenon
cioe's ani
wrote
Marcian
earlier,
Aceai
mitted
Was teh
too abs:
tinence
August. Vindel. 1600, 8vo. , then by Morell, Paris, MARCIA'NUS, GE'SSIUS, a native of Syria
1602, 8vo. , and subsequently by Hudson, in the the husband of Julia Mamaea, by whom he was
first volume of his “Geographi Graeci Minores," the reputed father of Alexander Severus. We
Oxon. 1698, and by Miller, Paris, 1839, 8vo. know nothing of his history, except that he on seve-
They have been also published separately by Hoff- ral occasions discharged the duties of an imperial
mann, “ Marciani Periplus, Menippi Peripli Fragm. procurator. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. 30. ) (W. R]
&c. ," Lips. 1841, 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. MARCIANUS, GRA'NIUS, a Roman sena-
iv. p. 613, &c. ; Dodwell, de Aetate et Scriptis tor, was accused of majestas in A. D. 35, by C.
Murciani, in Hudson, l. C. ; Ukert, Gcographie Gracchus, and put an end to his own life. (Tac.
der Griechen und Römer, vol. i. pars i. p. 235 ; Ann. vi. 38. ),
Forbiger, Handbuch der alten Geographie, vol. i. MARCIA'NUS I'CELUS. [ICELUS. )
P. 448. )
MARCI'LIUS, attended Cicero as interpreter
MARCIA'NUS (Maptiavós), a physician at during his journey in Asia Minor and his admi-
Rome, who enjoyed a great reputation is an ana- nistration of Cilicia, from August, B. c. 51, to the
tomist in the second century after Christ, and wrote following February. Cicero highly recommends
some works on that subject, which are now lost. Marcilius, his son, and his family interests to Q.
Galen became personally acquainted with him Minucius Thermus, propraetor of Asia. (Ad Fam.
during his first visit to Rome, about A. D. 165, and xiii. 54. )
(W. B. D. ]
tells an anecdote of him which shows him to MA'RCION (Mapklwy,) one of the most cele-
have been an envious and malicious person (De brated of the so-called heretics of the second cen-
Praenot. ad Epig. c. 3, vol. xiv. p. 614, &c. ). He tury. He was a native of Pontus. The accourt,
is probably the same person as the physician prevalent in the days of Epiphanius, of which there
named Martialis, though it is uncertain which name is no reason to doubt the correctness, made him a
is correct.
native of Sinope in Hellenopontus. Tertullian re-
Some medical formulae by a physician of the peatedly calls him a ship-master, nauclerus (Adv.
same name are quoted by Aëtius (ii. 3. 110, ii. 4. Marc. i. 18, iii. 6, iv. 9, &c. ), and, according to
47, iii. 3. 11, pp. 358, 402, 554) and Scribonius one MS. and the version of Rufinus, Rhodon, a
Largus (c. 46. S 177. p. 223); but this cannot be writer of the latter part of the second century (apud
the same person as the contemporary of Galen, as Euseb. H. E. v. 13), calls him the seaman Mar-
he lived about the beginning of the Christian era cion. Some moderns have doubted whether so
in the reign of Augustus.
(W. A. G. ) learned a man could have been in such an occupa-
MARCIA'NUS, AEʻLIUS, a Roman jurist, who tion, but we see no reason to questiou the state-
wrote after the death of Septimius Severus, whom ment, nor does his learning appear to have been
he calls Divus (Dig. 50. tit. 4. s. 7). Another passage great. His father was bishop of a Christian church
(48. tit. 17. s. 1) shows that he was then writing (probably at Sinope), but there is reason to think
under Antoninus Caracalla, the son and successor that Marcion had grown up before his father's
of Severus. It also appears from his Institutions, conversion, for Tertullian intimates (De Praescrip.
that he survived Caracalla (Dig. 35. tit. 1. 6. 33 ; Hereticor. c. 30) that he had been a stoic, and
Cod. 9. tit. 8. s. 8). It is therefore probable that speaks of his " finding out God” (Adv. Marcion,
he also wrote under Alexander Severus, whose reign i. 1), expressions which indicate that he had not
commenced A. D. 222. Caracalla died A. D. 217. been brought up as a Christian, but had become a
Another Aelius Marcianus is cited the Digest, convert in an adult age, after inquiry, and on his
who was proconsul of Baetica in the time of An- own conviction. Be this as it may, he appears to
toninus Pius (Dig. 1. tit. 6. s. 2, where Ulpian gives have been a sincere and earnest believer, charac-
the rescript of Pius addressed to this Marcianus). terised by the severity of his ascetic practices; nor
The works of Marcianus, from which there are does he at first seem to have entertained, at least
excerpts in the Digest, are :-Sixteen books of In- he did not avow, any opinions at variance with
stitutiones, from which there are excerpts in the the usual belief of the church with which he was
Digest : this work was also used for the compilation in full communion.
of Justinian's Institutions (compare Inst. 4. tit. 3. The course of his life was, however, altogether al-
8. 1, and Dig. 32. 6. 65. ♡ 4; Inst. 2. tit. 18, tered by his excoinmunication. The occasion of this
“ hoc colore,” &c. , and Dig. 5. tit. 2. s. 2); two is, in the spurious addition to one of the works of
books on Publica Judicia ; two books on Appella- Tertullian (De Praescrip. Haeret. c. 51), and by Epi-
tiones ; five books entitled Regularia ; a single book phanius, stated to have been his seduction of a girl ;
on Delatores ; a single book on the Hypothecaria but the silence of Tertullian in his genuine works,
Formula ; and a single book ad Sct. Turpillianum. and of the other early opponents of Marcion, ready
He also wrote notes on Papinian. Marcianus is as they would have been to lay hold on anything
cited by Ulpianus and Paulus. There are 275 | unfavourable to him, throws, as Beausobre and Lard-
excerpts from Marcianus in the Digest. Zimmern ner have shown, considerable doubt on the accusa-
(Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts) cites a work by tion. Beausobre and Neander suppose that he
G. Oelrichs, De Vita, Studiis, Honoribus et Scriptis was cut off from the church on account of his having
Ael. Marciani ICti. Traj. ad Rhen. 1754. 4to. already begun to propagate his obnoxious senti-
There are rescripts addressed by Alexander Se-
ments as to the Mosaic dispensation and the Old
verus to A. Marcianus (Cod. 2. tit. 13. s. 6) and to Testament generally. Even if the charge brought
A. Martianus, which may be the same name (Cod. against him by Epiphanius be credited, there is no
7.
The emperor's judgment was in favour of the equi- of the dictator, and the sister of Q. Marcius Rex,
table interpretation, but against the strict law. consul in B. c. 118. (Suet. Caes. 6. )
The conjecture that the Ulpius Marcellus, who 3. A vestal virgin, who was condemned along
commanded in Britain in the reign of Commodus, with Licinia in B. c. 113 by L. Cassius Longinus.
is the jurist, hardly needs refutation. The only For particulars and authorities see LICINIA, No. 2.
ground for it is the sameness of name, to which it 4. The second wife of M. Cato Uticensis, to
is objected that Dion Cassius, who speaks of the whom she bore many children, was the daughter of
military talent of Ulpius Marcellus, says nothing L. Marcius Philippus, consul B. c. 56. It was
of his legal reputation (Dion Cassius, lxxi. 8, and about the year B. c. 56 that Cato is related to have
the note of Reimarus). Besides this, it is very ceded her to his friend Q. Hortensius, with the
unlikely that a man who had been a jurist during I approbation of her father: some remarks upon this
a
## p. 940 (#956) ############################################
940
MARCIA GENS.
MARCIANUS.
es the empre
the unbassa
pate up the
Dobit and le
take blood's
bare prude
tian who
to give up hi
Intation as
invasion A
and Coastar
peront with
Ama,
provide a
Upon this
4 D. 451.
of Chalcedo
fete conde
Beleztatza
the Arabs
pece; and
ist tb
curious tale are made elsewhere. _[Vol. I. p. 648, B. C. 310. The only patrician family in this gens,
b. ] She continued to live with Hortensius till the as is remarked above, was that of CORIOLANUS:
death of the latter, in B. C. 50, after which she the names of the plebeian families in the time of
returned to Cato, who left her behind in Rome, the republic are CENSORINUS, CRISPUS, FIGULUS
placing his family and property under her care, LIBO, PHILIPPUS, RALLA, Rex, Rurus, RUTILUS,
vhen he fled from the city with the rest of the SeptimuS, SERMO, TREMULUS. The only cogno.
aristocratical party on Cacsar's approach in B. C. 49. mens which occur on coins are Censorinus, Libo,
(Appian, B. C. ii. 99 ; Plut. Cat. min. 25, 39, 52; Philippus. A few persons are mentioned without
Lucan, ii. 329, &c. )
any surname: they are given under MARCIUS.
5. The wife of Fabius Maximus, the friend of MARCIANUS, emperor of the East (A. D.
Augustus, learnt from her husband the secret visit 450-457), was the son of an obscure but respect-
of the emperor to his grandson Agrippa, and in-able man, who had served in the imperial annies.
formed Livia of it, in consequence of which she He was born either in Thrace or in Illyricum,
became the cause of her husband's death, A. D. 13 about A. D. 391 ; and at an early age he entered!
or 14. (Tac. Ann, i. 5. ) We learn from Ovid the imperial army. Of his earlier history we are
(Fast. vi. 802) that she belonged to the family of acquainted with a few trifling stories and adven-
the Philippi. Her name also occurs in the epistle tures. His way to fortune was slow, for in 421,
which Ovid addressed to her husband (Ex Pont at the age of thirty, he was still a common soldier,
j. 2).
or, perhaps, a non-commissioned officer. Some years
6. The daughter of Cremutius Cordus, who was afterwards he attached himself to the famoun
put to death in the reign of Tiberius, is spoken of general Aspar, and subsequently to his son Arda-
under CORDUB. [Vol. 1. p. 851, b. )
burius, as private secretary, obtaining, at the same
7. Marcia FURNILLA, the second wife of the time, the office of captain of the guards. During
emperor Titus, was divorced by her husband after fifteen, or perhaps nineteen years, he continued in
the death of their daughter Julia. (Suet. Tit. 4. ) the service of those eminent men, and found ample
Some commentators propose changing the name of opportunities for developing his military talents.
l'uruilla into Fulviu or Fulvilla, on the authority He accompanied Aspar in his unfortunate campaign
of a coin which bears the legend Pouisia Lebaoth. against Genseris, king of the Vandals in Africa, in
But the coin is of rather doubtful authority ; and 431, when he was made a prisoner of war; but on
even if it be genuine it may refer to Fulvia Plautilla, account of his reputation, and perhaps for services
the wife of Caracalla. It is very improbable that which history does not record, obtained his release,
a coin should be struck in honour of a woman that and returned to Constantinople. His history
had been divorced, and that the title of Augusta during the following nineteen years is veiled in
should be given to her. (Eckhel, vol. vii. p. 364. ) obscurity ; and it is only from subsequent events
MA'RCIA. 1. The mistress of Quadratus, that we are allowed to conclude that he distin-
who was slain by Commodus, became the favourite guished himself in no ordinary degree ; for the
concubine of Commodus himself. From her he emperor, Theodosius the Younger, having died in
adopted the title of Amazonius. She was one of 450, his widow, the celebrated Pulcheria, offered
the most active among the conspirators, who com- her hand and the imperial title to Marcian, on
passed his destruction. She subsequently became condition that he would not prevent her from con-
the wife of Eclectus, his chamberlain, also a continuing the state of virginity which she had
spirator, and was eventually put to death by hitherto enjoyed ; and Marcian, who was then
Julianus, along with Laetus, who also had been about sixty, consented to it gladly, and married
actively engaged in the plot. We are told appa- the chaste empress, who was then above fifty.
rently by Xiphilinus, that she was friendly to the At that time Marcian held the rank of tribune and
Christians, for whom, through her influence with senator ; and he was so favourably known among
;
the emperor, she procured many advantages. (Dion the people, that his elevation to supreme power
Cass. lxxii. 4, lxxiii. 16. ) [COMMODUS, ECLEC was received by them with applause and demon-
Tus, LAETUS, QUADRATUS. )
strations of joy. His coronation took place on the
2. The first wife of Septimius Severus. She 24th of August, 450; and the whole transaction,
died before her husband became emperor ; and as it seems, was so little premeditated, and was
after his elevation he erected statues to her memory. settled in so short a time, that Valentinian, the
(See authorities on SEVERUS. ) [W. R. ] emperor of Rome, was not even asked to give bis
MA'RCIA GENS, originally patrician, after consent, which he did, however, at a later period,
wards plebeian likewise. We also, but not so for he stood in great want of the assistance of a
frequently, find the name written Martius. This man like Marcian, who, to military renown, ac-
gens claimed to be descended from Ancus Marcius, quired in the war against the Vandals and Per
the fourth king of Rome (Suet. Caes. 6; Val. Max. sians, joined a kind disposition and accomplished
iv. 3. & 4; 08. Fast. vi. 803); and hence one of diplomatic skill.
its families subsequently assumed the name of Rex, Both the Eastern and the Western empire were
and the heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus then in great apprehension from the unbounded
Marcius were placed upon the coins of the gens. ambition and power of Attila, who had no sooner
[See the coins under CENSORINUS and Philippus. ] heard of the election of Marcian than he despatched
But notwithstanding the claims to such high an ambassadors to him, demanding, in an imperative
tiquity made by the Marcii, no patricians of this tone, the tribute which the younger Theodosius
name, with the exception of Coriolanus, are men- had engaged to pay annually to the king of the
tioned in the early history of the republic, and it Huns. “I have iron for Attila," was the em-
was not till after the enactment of the Licinian peror's stern answer, “but no gold. ” Upon this
laws that any inember of the gens obtained the Apollonius was sent into Attila's camp to negotiate
consulship. The first Marcius who reached this the continuance of peace, and was charged with
dignity was C. Marcius Rutilus Censorinus, in presents for the barbarian, which he was to deliver
Taebais ir
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who bad
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5
1
## p. 941 (#957) ############################################
MARCIANUS.
941
MARCIANUS.
on the express condition that they were presents, his wide dominions, and procured for them domestic
but no tribute. Attila having declined to admit and external peace during the terrible expeditions
the ambassador into his presence, though not to of the Huns and the Vandals. His laudable efforts
accept the presents, Apollonius firmly refused to to put down the venality and corruption of the
give up the latter previous to having obtained an public functionaries and advocates were crowned
audience ; and being at last admitted, behaved so with success ; and the Codex Theodosianus con-
nobly and fearlessly, that the king swore he would tains many of his constitutions, from which we may
take bloody revenge. He thought it, however, draw a favourable conclusion as to his honesty and
more prudent to turn his wrath against Valen- wisdom. His orthodoxy caused bim to be praised
tinian, who had likewise affronted him, by refusing in an exaggerated degree by the orthodox writers.
to give up his sister Honoria, whom Attila claimed (Evagr. ii. 12; Theophan. p. 89, &c. ; Theodor.
as his betrothed wife. Without disclosing his Lect. i. 28; Nicephor. Call. xv. 1-4; Priscus,
intention as to the countries he had chosen for an pp. 41, 43, 48, 72, &c. ; Zonar. vol. i. p. 45, &c. ;
invasion, Attila sent messengers at once to Rome Cedren. p. 343, &c. ; Procop. Vand. 1, 4; Malela,
and Constantinople, who addressed each of the em- pp. 26, 27 ; Codin. pp. 35, 60, 61; Glycas, p. 262;
perors with the haughty and insulting words : Joel, p. 171. )
(W. P. )
“ Attila, my lord and thy lord, commands thee to
provide a palace for his immediate reception. "
Upon this he set out for the invasion of Gaul,
A. D. 451.
In the same year Marcian assembled the council
of Chalcedon, where the doctrines of the Eutychians
were condemned. In the following year, 452, the
BOMOS
celebrated Ardabarius, then dux Orientis, defeated
the Arabs near Damascus, and made them sue for
COIN OF THE EMPEROR MARCIANUS.
peace ; and Maximin met with similar success
against the Blemmyes, who had invaded the MARCIA'NUS, of Heracleia in Pontus, a
Thebais in Upper Egypt. A strong army was Greek geographer, lived after Ptolemy, whom he
also sent towards the frontiers of the Western frequently quotes, and before Stephanus of Byzan-
empire to assist Valentinian against Attila, who tium, who refers to him, but his exact date is
was then invading Italy, and to secure the Eastern uncertain. If he is the same Marcianus as the
empire against any unexpected diversion of the one mentioned by Synesius (Ep. 103) and Socrates
barbarians. In short Marcian neglected nothing (H. E. iv. 9), he must have lived at the beginning
to prepare peace and happiness for his subjects, of the fifth century of the Christian era. He wrote å
who had so cruelly suffered under his predecessors. work in prose, entitled, IIepitious tñs & Ew Sandoons
The death of Attila, in 453, relieved him not only éqúou te kal doneplov kad twv év, avthi ueglotwv v-
from great and just anxiety, but the subsequent, wv, “A Periplus of the External Sen, both eastern
and almost immediate dissolution of the empire of and western, and of the largest islands in it. ” The
the Huns, afforded him an opportunity of re- External Sea he used in opposition to the Medi-
populating those provinces which had been laid terranean, which he says had been sufficiently
waste by the Huns in their previous campaigns described by Artemiodorus. This work was in
against Theodosius. Thus the Eastern Goths re- two books ; of which the former, on the eastern
ceived extensive lands in Pannonia ; Sarmatians and southern seas, has come down to us entire, but
(Slavonians) and Herules, in Illyricum; and Scyri, of the latter, which treated of the western and
Alans and Huns, under Attila's youngest son northern seas, we possess only the three last chap-
Hernac, in Scythia and Lower Moesia. The ters on Africa, and a mutilated one on the distance
death of the excellent empress Pulcheria, in 454, from Rome to the principal cities in the world. In
caused a general affliction ; but the popularity of this work he chiefly follows Ptolemy, and in the
Marcian only gained by it.
In the following year, calculation of the stadia he adopts the reckoning of
455, Valentinian was murdered ; Maximin usurped Protagoras. He also made an epitome of the eleven
the crown ; Italy and Gaul were covered with books of the Periplous of Artemiodorus of Ephesus
ruins and blood ; and the Vandal Genseric pillaged (ARTEMIODORUS, No. 6), but of this epitome we
Rome. In the midst of these terrible commotions, have only the introduction, and the periplus of
Marcian secured the peace of his own dominions Pontus, Bithynia, and Paphlagonia. It was not,
with his wonted wisdom and firmness; and some however, simply an abridgment of Artemiodorus ;
disturbances having broken out in Lazica, in 456, for Marcianus tells us that he made use of the
which were kindled by the Armenians and Per- works of other distinguished geographers, who had
sians, he sent able officers against the latter, who written descriptions of coasts, among whom he
soon compelled the enemy to desist from farther mentions Timosthenes of Rhodes, Eratosthenes,
hostilities. But in the beginning of 457 Marcian Pytheas of Massilia, Isidorus of Charax, Sosander
fell ill, and after five months' suffering, died on the the pilot, Simmias, A pellas of Cyrene, Euthymenes
26th of June following. His death would have of Massilia, Phileas of Athens, Androsthenes of
been the signal of great calamities but for the Thasus, Cleon of Sicily, Eudoxus of Rhodes,
power of Aspar, who caused Leo the Great to be Hanno of Carthage, Scylax of Caryanda and
chosen emperor. Marcian had, of course, no issue Botthaeus ; but he says that he followed more
from Pulcheria. He had, however, a daughter, the particularly Artemiodorus, Strabo, and Menippus
offspring of a former marriage, who was called of Pergamus. Marcianus also published an edition
Euphemia, and was married to Anthemius, who of Menippus with additions and corrections. (Me-
became afterwards emperor of the West. Marcian NIPPUS. ]
was decidedly an excellent man, who deserves our The extant works of Marcianus were first pab
admiration for the manner in which he governed | lished by D. Hoeschelius in his “Geographica"
## p. 942 (#958) ############################################
942
MARCIANUS.
MARCION.
free.
restored to
I order to
bis father,
refused to
which had
poesibisi
froc un a
the obena
pected of
obain his
painen
Went to 1
there alte
of which,
Papel de
Thenon
cioe's ani
wrote
Marcian
earlier,
Aceai
mitted
Was teh
too abs:
tinence
August. Vindel. 1600, 8vo. , then by Morell, Paris, MARCIA'NUS, GE'SSIUS, a native of Syria
1602, 8vo. , and subsequently by Hudson, in the the husband of Julia Mamaea, by whom he was
first volume of his “Geographi Graeci Minores," the reputed father of Alexander Severus. We
Oxon. 1698, and by Miller, Paris, 1839, 8vo. know nothing of his history, except that he on seve-
They have been also published separately by Hoff- ral occasions discharged the duties of an imperial
mann, “ Marciani Periplus, Menippi Peripli Fragm. procurator. (Dion Cass. lxxviii. 30. ) (W. R]
&c. ," Lips. 1841, 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. MARCIANUS, GRA'NIUS, a Roman sena-
iv. p. 613, &c. ; Dodwell, de Aetate et Scriptis tor, was accused of majestas in A. D. 35, by C.
Murciani, in Hudson, l. C. ; Ukert, Gcographie Gracchus, and put an end to his own life. (Tac.
der Griechen und Römer, vol. i. pars i. p. 235 ; Ann. vi. 38. ),
Forbiger, Handbuch der alten Geographie, vol. i. MARCIA'NUS I'CELUS. [ICELUS. )
P. 448. )
MARCI'LIUS, attended Cicero as interpreter
MARCIA'NUS (Maptiavós), a physician at during his journey in Asia Minor and his admi-
Rome, who enjoyed a great reputation is an ana- nistration of Cilicia, from August, B. c. 51, to the
tomist in the second century after Christ, and wrote following February. Cicero highly recommends
some works on that subject, which are now lost. Marcilius, his son, and his family interests to Q.
Galen became personally acquainted with him Minucius Thermus, propraetor of Asia. (Ad Fam.
during his first visit to Rome, about A. D. 165, and xiii. 54. )
(W. B. D. ]
tells an anecdote of him which shows him to MA'RCION (Mapklwy,) one of the most cele-
have been an envious and malicious person (De brated of the so-called heretics of the second cen-
Praenot. ad Epig. c. 3, vol. xiv. p. 614, &c. ). He tury. He was a native of Pontus. The accourt,
is probably the same person as the physician prevalent in the days of Epiphanius, of which there
named Martialis, though it is uncertain which name is no reason to doubt the correctness, made him a
is correct.
native of Sinope in Hellenopontus. Tertullian re-
Some medical formulae by a physician of the peatedly calls him a ship-master, nauclerus (Adv.
same name are quoted by Aëtius (ii. 3. 110, ii. 4. Marc. i. 18, iii. 6, iv. 9, &c. ), and, according to
47, iii. 3. 11, pp. 358, 402, 554) and Scribonius one MS. and the version of Rufinus, Rhodon, a
Largus (c. 46. S 177. p. 223); but this cannot be writer of the latter part of the second century (apud
the same person as the contemporary of Galen, as Euseb. H. E. v. 13), calls him the seaman Mar-
he lived about the beginning of the Christian era cion. Some moderns have doubted whether so
in the reign of Augustus.
(W. A. G. ) learned a man could have been in such an occupa-
MARCIA'NUS, AEʻLIUS, a Roman jurist, who tion, but we see no reason to questiou the state-
wrote after the death of Septimius Severus, whom ment, nor does his learning appear to have been
he calls Divus (Dig. 50. tit. 4. s. 7). Another passage great. His father was bishop of a Christian church
(48. tit. 17. s. 1) shows that he was then writing (probably at Sinope), but there is reason to think
under Antoninus Caracalla, the son and successor that Marcion had grown up before his father's
of Severus. It also appears from his Institutions, conversion, for Tertullian intimates (De Praescrip.
that he survived Caracalla (Dig. 35. tit. 1. 6. 33 ; Hereticor. c. 30) that he had been a stoic, and
Cod. 9. tit. 8. s. 8). It is therefore probable that speaks of his " finding out God” (Adv. Marcion,
he also wrote under Alexander Severus, whose reign i. 1), expressions which indicate that he had not
commenced A. D. 222. Caracalla died A. D. 217. been brought up as a Christian, but had become a
Another Aelius Marcianus is cited the Digest, convert in an adult age, after inquiry, and on his
who was proconsul of Baetica in the time of An- own conviction. Be this as it may, he appears to
toninus Pius (Dig. 1. tit. 6. s. 2, where Ulpian gives have been a sincere and earnest believer, charac-
the rescript of Pius addressed to this Marcianus). terised by the severity of his ascetic practices; nor
The works of Marcianus, from which there are does he at first seem to have entertained, at least
excerpts in the Digest, are :-Sixteen books of In- he did not avow, any opinions at variance with
stitutiones, from which there are excerpts in the the usual belief of the church with which he was
Digest : this work was also used for the compilation in full communion.
of Justinian's Institutions (compare Inst. 4. tit. 3. The course of his life was, however, altogether al-
8. 1, and Dig. 32. 6. 65. ♡ 4; Inst. 2. tit. 18, tered by his excoinmunication. The occasion of this
“ hoc colore,” &c. , and Dig. 5. tit. 2. s. 2); two is, in the spurious addition to one of the works of
books on Publica Judicia ; two books on Appella- Tertullian (De Praescrip. Haeret. c. 51), and by Epi-
tiones ; five books entitled Regularia ; a single book phanius, stated to have been his seduction of a girl ;
on Delatores ; a single book on the Hypothecaria but the silence of Tertullian in his genuine works,
Formula ; and a single book ad Sct. Turpillianum. and of the other early opponents of Marcion, ready
He also wrote notes on Papinian. Marcianus is as they would have been to lay hold on anything
cited by Ulpianus and Paulus. There are 275 | unfavourable to him, throws, as Beausobre and Lard-
excerpts from Marcianus in the Digest. Zimmern ner have shown, considerable doubt on the accusa-
(Geschichte des Röm. Privatrechts) cites a work by tion. Beausobre and Neander suppose that he
G. Oelrichs, De Vita, Studiis, Honoribus et Scriptis was cut off from the church on account of his having
Ael. Marciani ICti. Traj. ad Rhen. 1754. 4to. already begun to propagate his obnoxious senti-
There are rescripts addressed by Alexander Se-
ments as to the Mosaic dispensation and the Old
verus to A. Marcianus (Cod. 2. tit. 13. s. 6) and to Testament generally. Even if the charge brought
A. Martianus, which may be the same name (Cod. against him by Epiphanius be credited, there is no
7.
