Her (His-
tory of England from the Revolution) (1778)
was called the republican history of Eng.
tory of England from the Revolution) (1778)
was called the republican history of Eng.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
25, 1832.
He wrote: Munich Antiques) (7 vols. , 1861-
69); Masterpieces of Ecclesiastical Architect-
ure) (1862), fruit of his studies in France and
England; Monuments of Art, in association
with Lübke (6th ed. 1892); History of German
Copperplate and Wood Engraving. '
Luzan, Ignacio de (lö'thän). A Spanish poet
and scholar; born at Saragossa, 1702; died at
Madrid, 1754. His work on (The Poetic Art)
(1737) is greatly admired.
Luzzatti, Luigi (löts-ä'tē). An Italian states.
man; born at Venice, 1841. He is author of a
series of works on political law, among them
(State and Church in Belgium' and 'Embry-
ology and Development of Political Constitu-
tions.
Lyall, Alfred Comyns, Sir. An English
administrator and author; born at Coulston,
Surrey, in 1835. In the course of a long and
useful career in India he was Home Secretary,
Foreign Secretary, and in 1882 Lieutenant-
Governor of the North-West Provinces, having
in the previous year been created K. C. B. As
an author his reputation is due chiefly to his
(Asiatic Studies, Religious and Social) (1882);
a biography of Warren Hastings (1889) in
the (English Men of Action) series; and (The
Rise of the British Dominion in India' (3d ed.
1893).
Lyall, Edna, pseudonym of Ada Ellen
Bayly. An English novelist; born at Brighton.
Among her works are: (Won by Waiting);
(Donovan); Autobiography of a Slander);
(Knight Errant); (A Hardy Norseman); "In
the Golden Days); "We Two); Derrick
Vaughan, Novelist); Doreen); “To Right the
Wrong); etc.
Lycophron (li'kof-ron). A Greek poet and
grammarian, native of Chalcis in Eubæa; lived
in the third century B. C. He had a part in
organizing the Alexandrine Library. He was
classed as a tragic poet with the “Pleiad, so
called. One poem alone of his numerous
a
## p. 355 (#371) ############################################
LYCURGUS-LYTLE
355
compositions remains : Alexandra,' which con-
tains, in 1474 iambic verses, a prophecy of
Cassandra relating to the fall of Troy and the
fortunes of the heroes therein concerned.
Lycurgus (li-kér'gus). An Attic orator of
the fourth century B. C. He was a disciple of
Plato and Isocrates, and a zealous adherent
of the patriotic party. His Orations) against
Leocrates are extant: they are notable less for
their form than for their noble and dignified
exposition.
Lydgate, John. An English poet of the 15th
century. He was a monk of Bury St. Edmunds.
He translated Benoit de St. Maure's History
of Troy) at the command of Henry V. ; wrote
a poem on the Battle of Agincourt,' and one
upon the coronation of Henry VII. ; his (Story
of Thebes) is written as though it were one of
the “Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. He wrote
some ballads that became popular favorites, as
(The London Lackpenny); (A Satirical Ballad
on the Times); A Lover's Complaint. '
Lyell, Sir Charles. A distinguished English
geologist; born at Kinnordy, Scotland, Nov. 14,
1797 ; died at London, Feb. 22, 1875. In his
(Principles of Geology) (3 vols. , 1830) he as-
sailed the doctrine of “catastrophism in geol-
ogy. He published: (Elements of Geology)
(1837); “Travels in North America, with Geo-
logical Observations) (2 vols. , 1845); “A Second
Visit to the United States) (2 vols. , 1846): these
voyages were made for the purpose of testing
his principle of continuous geologic evolution.
His last work was "Geological Evidences of
the Antiquity of Man (1863).
Lyle, William. A Scottish poet; born in
Edinburgh, Nov. 17, 1822. Since coming to
the United States he has resided in Roches-
ter, N. Y. His poems are widely read in this
country and Canada. Among his most popular
Scottish dialect poems is (The Grave of Three
Hundred. He has also written several Eng-
lish poems, including Diotima. (The Martyr
Queen) was published in 1888.
Lyly, John. An English dramatist; born
1554; died in London, 1606. Between 1578 and
1600 he composed several plays, chiefly myth-
ological, which were acted by the boys of
St. Paul's School in presence of Queen Eliza-
beth. But he is noteworthy principally on ac-
count of his two books (Euphues, or the An-
atomy of Wit) (1579), and “Euphues and his
England) (1580), which were the first serious
attempts in English to use words as mere musi-
cal notes, quite subordinating the matter to the
sound. Fantastic as the form was, the recog.
nition of new possibilities in the language in-
toxicated the cultured classes, and set the liter-
ary fashion for many years: story-writers who
wished to assure themselves an audience en.
titled their books (Euphues his —, and the
influence is clear and strong on Sidney and
Spenser.
Lyman, Joseph Bardwell. An American
agriculturist; born in Chester, Mass. , Oct. 6,
1829; died in Richmond Hill, L. I. , Jan, 28,
1872. In 1867 he became agricultural editor
of the New York World. The following year
he was editor of Hearth and Home, and shortly
after joined the staff of the Tribune. He wrote,
with his wife, (The Philosophy of Housekeep-
ing) (1867). He published: (Resources of the
Pacific States) (1865); (Women of the War)
(1866); and (Cotton Culture) (1867).
Lyman, Laura Elizabeth Baker. An Amer-
ican journalist; born in Kent's Hill, Me. , April
2, 1831. Under her pen-name of Kate Hun-
nibee,” she became widely known from a series
of articles which appeared in Hearth and
Home. She edited the Home Interest depart-
ment in the New York Tribune (1869-70), and
the Dining-Room Magazine (1876–77).
Lyman, Theodore. An American philan-
thropist; born in Boston, Feb. 20, 1792; died
in Brookline, Mass. , July 18, 1849. Graduated
at Harvard in 1810. He founded the State
Reform School, to which he gave $72,500.
Among his works are : (Three Weeks in Paris)
(1814); (The Political State of Italy) (1820);
(Account of the Hartford Convention) (1823);
and (The Diplomacy of the United States with
Foreign Nations) (2 vols. , 1828).
Lynch, James Daniel. An American poet
and miscellaneous writer; born in Mecklenburg
County, Va. , Jan. 6, 1836. His best-known
poems are: “The Clock of Destiny, (The
Star of Texas,' and (The Siege of the Alamo. '
He also published: (Kemper County Vindi-
cated' (1878); “Bench and Bar of Mississippi)
(1881); and (Bench and Bar of Texas) (1885).
Lyne, Joseph Leycester. An English di-
vine and religious writer, called “Father Ig.
natius” and Ignatius of Jesus”; born in
London, Nov. 23, 1837. He was a mission
curate in London, but withdrew to begin the
attempt of restoring monasticism in the Church
of England. He built Llanthony Abbey in
Wales, and established there a community of
monks on the pattern of the Benedictine or-
der. He is the author of many published
sermons, poems, tales, etc. , among which are :
(The Catholic Church of England) (1864);
Brother Placidus) (1870); Leonard Morris, or
the Benedictine Monk) (1871); (Mission Ser-
mons and Orations) (1886); (Tales of the Mon-
astery.
Lysias (liz'i-as). An Attic orator; about
450-380 B. C.
Of his anciently accredited 425
orations only 233 were authentic; 31 are still
extant, but some even of these, and considera-
ble fractions of others, are suspected to be spuri-
ous. All but one of these were written for other
persons to deliver in courts or public assem-
blies; the exception is a speech made by him
in court for the conviction of his brother's
murderer. They are all written in the purest
Attic, and the narration and arguments are
managed with extraordinary skill.
Lytle, William Haines (li-tl). An Ameri-
can general and poet; born in Cincinnati, O. ,
## p. 356 (#372) ############################################
356
LYTTON – MACARTHUR
Nov. 2, 1826; killed at the battle of Chicka-
mauga, Tenn. , Sept. 20, 1863. He graduated
at Cincinnati College, and studied law. He
was a captain in the Mexican War; and in
the Civil War served as colonel in 1861, and
later as brigadier-general of volunteers, having
been promoted to that rank for gallant conduct.
His best-known poems are Antony to Cleo-
patra) and (Jacqueline. No complete collec-
tion of his works was published.
Lytton, Edward Bulwer, Lord. See Bul.
wer.
Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer, Earl of
[«Owen Meredith »], the only son of Edward
Bulwer-Lytton; born in London, Nov. 8, 1831 ;
died in Paris, Nov. 24, 1891. He was educated
at Harrow and Bonn; went to Washington in
1849 as private secretary to his uncle, Lord
Dalling (William Henry Lytton Earle); and
subsequently had an important diplomatic ca-
reer in Vienna, Athens, Copenhagen, and Lis.
bon. He was made viceroy of India in 1876;
created Earl of Lytton in 1880; and ambassa-
dor to France in 1887. His works include:
(Clytemnestra, The Earl's Return, and Other
Poems) (1855); “The Wanderer) (1859); Lu-
cile,' a novel in verse (1860); (Fables in Song'
(1874); "Glenaveril (1885); King Poppy)
(1892); (The Ring of Amasis,' a novel (1863;
new ed. 1890); and (Marah,' poems, published
posthumously (1892). *
M
Maartens, Maarten (mär'tenz), pseudonym
of J. M. W. Van der Poorten-Schwartz. The
most noted Dutch novelist of the day; born in
Amsterdam, 1858. He writes his books in Eng-
lish. Among them are : (The Sin of Joost Ave-
lingh) (1890); A Question of Taste) (1891);
(God's Fool' (1892); (The Greater Glory)
(1894); etc. *
Mabie, Hamilton Wright. A distinguished
American essayist, critic, and editor; born at
Cold Spring, N. Y. , Dec. 13, 1845. He grad -
uated from Williams College, practiced law
for a time in New York city, and then entered
journalism, becoming in 1879 associate editor
of the Christian Union, now the Outlook. His
thoughtful, happily turned, and sound essays,
many of which have appeared originally in his
paper, have won him the position of a critic
of recognized authority and influence. He has
insisted on the value of the past and the neces-
sity of a broad culture for the true appreciation
of literature, while sympathetic towards the
new. The wide sale of his books has done much
to stimulate and direct the American taste for
letters. He has supplemented the written word
by much work on the lecture platform. He is
one of the most acceptable lecturers on liter-
ary subjects in the country. His books are :
(Norse Stories Retold from the Eddas); My
Study Fire); (Under the Trees and Elsewhere);
(Short Studies in Literature); “Essays in Lit-
erary Interpretation); Essays on Nature and
Culture ); (Essays on Books and Culture. )
Mabillon, Jean (mä-be-yôn'). A noted French
scholar and historian; born at St. Pierremont,
Ardennes, Nov. 23, 1632; died at Paris, Dec.
27, 1707. He belonged to the Benedictine order,
and lived in the famous Abbey of St. Germain-
des-Prés, Paris, after 1664. His critical (Ancient
Analects) (4 vols. , 1675-85), and (Italian Mu-
seum' (2 vols. , 1687-89), collected in Germany
and Italy, possess great value. In (On Diplo-
macy) (1681), his chief work, in which are stated
the principles of historic inquiry, and which
became a classic, he defended his method, which
had been attacked by the Jesuits. He wrote
also works relating to the Benedictine saints
and history.
Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de (mä-ble'). A
French publicist, brother of Condillac; born at
Grenoble, March 14, 1709; died in Paris, April
23, 1785. The admiration of antiquity prevalent
during the French Revolution was largely due
to his "Parallel between the Romans and the
French) (1740), 'Observations on the Romans)
(1751), and (Observations on the History of
Greece) (1766). His (Conversations of Pho-
cion (1763) has been said to contain the germ
of modern communism. (Collected Works, 1879. )
MacAfee, Mrs. Nelly Nichol (Marshall). An
American novelist, daughter of Gen. Humphrey
Marshall of the Confederate army; born at
Louisville, Ky. , 1845. Among her works are :
(Sodom Apples) (1866); “Wearing the Cross)
(1868); (A Criminal through Love' (1882); etc.
McAfee, Robert Breckinridge. An Ameri.
can lawyer and historian; born in Mercer
County, Ky. , February 1784; died there, March
12, 1849. He was United States chargé d'affaires
at Bogota, Colombia, from 1833 till 1837; and
was a member of the Royal Antiquarian So-
ciety of Denmark. He wrote a (History of
the War of 1812) (1816). Much valuable in-
formation has been obtained from his private
journal, relating to the early history of Kentucky.
McAnally, David Rice. An American edu-
cator and prose-writer; born in Tennessee, Feb.
17, 1810. He was long associated with Horace
Mann in efforts to improve methods in educa-
tion. He is the author of Life of Martha
Laurens Ramsay) (1852); “Life and Labors of
Bishop Marvine) (1878); and (History of Meth-
odism in Missouri (1881).
MacArthur, Robert Stuart. An American
Baptist divine; born at Dalesville, P. Q. , 1841.
He has been pastor of Calvary Baptist Church,
New York, since 1870, and is editor of the
## p. 357 (#373) ############################################
MACAULAY - MCCLINTOCK
357
>
Christian Inquirer and the Baptist Quarterly
Review. He has published "Quick Truths in
Quaint Texts"; "Calvary Pulpit, or Christ and
Him Crucified' (1890); etc.
Macaulay, Catharine, Mrs. (Sawbridge).
An English historian; born in Kent, 1733; died
June 22, 1791. She is best known by her (His-
tory of England (8 vols. , 1763-83).
Her (His-
tory of England from the Revolution) (1778)
was called the republican history of Eng.
land, and was severely criticized. Only one
volume appeared.
Macaulay, James. A Scottish novelist and
writer for the young; born at Edinburgh, 1817.
He has been editor of several periodicals, for
thirty-five years editor-in-chief of the Religious
Tract Society; founded the Boy's Own Paper,
and the Girl's Own Paper. He has published
(Across the Ferry) (1871); (All True) (new ed.
1880); (From Middy to Admiral of the Fleet);
(Sea Pictures) (new ed. 1884); "Victoria, her
Liſe and Reign (1887); etc.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord. A
famous English historian, essayist, poet, and
statesman; born at Rothley Temple, Leicester-
shire, Oct. 25, 1800; died at Kensington, Dec.
28, 1859. Called to the bar in 1826, he was
Member of Parliament 1830-34, 1839-47, 1852-
57; member of the Supreme Council in India
(residing at Calcutta) 1834-38; Secretary of
War 1839-41 ; Paymaster-General 1846-47. The
History of England) is his one large work.
Vols. i. and ii. appeared in 1849 ; iii. and iv.
in 1855; V. , edited by his sister Lady Trevel-
yan, in 1866. His "Lays of Ancient Rome !
appeared in 1842. His works have been pub-
lished in innumerable forms in many coun-
tries; a complete edition, edited by Lady
Trevelyan, appeared in 1866. He was a keen
critic, an eloquent and convincing orator, and
one of the most delightful of English letter-
writers. He has contributed to English liter-
ature a vast number of brilliant essays, the
enumeration of which will be found in the
biographical notice in the Library. *
MacCarthy, Denis Florence. An Irish poet;
born at Dublin, 1817 (? ); died 1882. He was
a lawyer by profession, but never practiced.
He won the love of his countrymen by his
lyrics on Irish history and legend.
Among
his works are: (Ballads, Poems, and Lyrics)
(1850); (The Bell-Founder,' etc. (new ed. 1857);
Underglimpses,' etc. (1857). He wrote also
'Early Life of Shelley) (1872).
McCarthy, Justin. A noted Irish journalist,
politician, historian, novelist, and miscellaneous
writer; born at Cork, Nov. 22, 1830. He has
been a Home Rule Member of Parliament
since 1879, and since the fall of Parnell, chair-
man of the Irish Parliamentary party. He
spent three years (1868–70) in the United States,
traveling, lecturing, and engaged in literary
work, being (amongst other things) connected
editorially with the New York Independent.
Ile revisited this country in 1886. Among his
chief works are: (A History of Our Own
Times) (4 vols. , 1879-80); \History of the Four
Georges) (4 vols. , 1889); the novels Lady
Judith) (1871); (A Fair Saxon (1873); (Dear
Lady Disdain (1875); (The Right Honorable'
(1886, with Mrs. Campbell-Praed); etc. (Mod-
ern Leaders,' a collection of biographical
sketches, appeared in 1872. His latest work is
(The Story of Gladstone's Life) (1897). *
McCarthy, Justin Huntley. An Irish jour-
nalist, politician, historian, poet, and novelist,
son of Justin; born 1860. He has been a
Member of Parliament since 1884. He has
written : (Outline of Irish History) (1883);
(Serapion, and Other Poems) (1883); Eng.
land under Gladstone) (2d ed. 1885); “Camiola,
a Girl with a Fortune) (1885). He completed
a (History of the French Revolution in 1897.
McCaul, John. A Canadian educator and
writer; born in Dublin, Ireland, 1807. In 1849
and 1853 he was elected president of Toronto
University. He published several volumes of
articles and treatises on classical subjects, be-
sides editing portions of Horace, Longinus,
Lucian, and Thucydides, as college text-books.
He also wrote : Britanno-Roman Inscriptions)
(1863); and (Christian Epitaphs of the First
Six Centuries. )
Macchetta, Blanche Roosevelt (Tucker),
Mrs. (mä-ket'a). An American novelist and bi-
ographer, daughter of John Randolph Tucker,
United States Senator from Virginia ; born in
Wisconsin, 18—. She has written : (Home-Life
of Henry W. Longfellow' (1882);(Stage-Struck)
(1884); Life of Gustave Doré) (1885); (The
Copper Queen' (1886), a novel ; etc.
McClellan, George Brinton. A distingushed
American general ; born in Philadelphia, Dec.
3, 1826; died in Orange, N. J. , Oct. 29, 1885.
He was commander of the Army of the Poto-
mac, 1861–62. The most important of his works
are : (Report on the Organization and Campaigns
of the Army of the Potomac) (1864); «The
Armies of Europe); “European Cavalry); and
(McClellan's Own Story' (1887).
McClelland, Margaret Greenway. An
American novelist; born in Norwood, Va. , 18-;
died 1895. Besides many stories and poems
contributed to magazines, she wrote: (Oblive
ion' (1885); Princess' (1886); Jean Monteith)
(1887); (Madame Silva (1888); (Burkett's Lock)
(1889); Mammy Mystic); and other novels and
tales.
McClintock, John. An American educator
and author; born in Philadelphia, Oct. 27, 1814;
died in Madison, N. J. , March 4, 1870. He was
made president of Drew Theological Seminary
in 1867. He was the author with James Strong
of a large and valuable (Cyclopædia of Bib.
lical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature )
(12 vols. ); a work of many years' labor, and
intended to cover the whole field embraced in
the title. The last volume was published in
1895. He wrote also (An Analysis of Wat-
son's Theological Institutes) (1850); “Temporal
## p. 358 (#374) ############################################
358
MACCOLL- MACE
Power of the Pope' (1853); and Living
Words,' a volume of sermons published since
his death.
MacColl, Evan. A Canadian poet; born in
Kenmore, Argyleshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1808.
Since emigrating to Canada (1850), he has
written many poems, and is called the bard of
St. Andrew's Society of Kingston. Among his
publications are: My Rowan Tree, best
known of his lyrical verses; (Clarsach Nan
Beann, or Poems and Songs in Gaelic) (1837);
and (The Mountain Minstrel, or Poems and
Songs in English) (1887).
MacColl, Malcolm. A distinguished English
clergyman and religious and political writer;
born in Inverness-shire, March 27, 1838. He
became canon of Ripon 1884, and Savoy
chaplain 1894. He has published : (Mr. Glad-
stone and Oxford, by Scrutator) (2d ed. 1865);
(Science and Prayer) (4th ed. 1866); (The
Reformation in England (2d ed. 1869); (The
Ober-Ammergau Passion Play) (7th ed. 1870);
(Lawlessness, Sacerdotalism, and Ritualism)
(3d ed. 1875); (Christianity in Relation to Sci-
ence and Morals) (4th ed. 1889); etc.
McConnell, John Ludlum. An American
prose-writer ; born in Jacksonville, I. , Nov. II,
1826; died there, Jan. 17, 1862. His books, de-
scriptive of Western individuality and growth,
include :( Talbot and Vernon (1850); (Graham,
or Youth and Manhood (1850); (The Glens)
(1851); and (Western Characters, or Types of
Border Life) (1853).
McCook, Henry Christopher. An American
clergyman, naturalist, and miscellaneous writer;
born in New Lisbon, O. , July 3, 1837. He is
vice-president of the American Entomological
Society, and of the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences of Philadelphia; and author of "The
Mound-Making Ants of the Alleghanies (1877);
(The Natural History of the Agricultural Ant
of Texas) (1880); (Tenants of an Old Farm)
(1884); (The Gospel in Nature) (1887); and
(American Spiders and their Spinning-Work)
(1888).
McCosh, James. A prominent Scottish-Amer-
ican theologian; born in Carskeoch, Ayrshire,
Scotland, April 1, 1811; died in Princeton,
N. J. , in 1894. He came to America in 1868 ;
was president of Princeton College (1868-88),
and was one of the foremost men of his day in
university life. His principal works include:
(Christianity and Positivism (1871); (A Re-
ply to Prof. Tyndall's Belfast Address) (1875);
(The Development Hypothesis) (1876); (The
Emotions) (1880); Herbert Spencer's Philoso-
phy as Culminating in his Ethics) (1885).
McCrackan, William Denison. An Ameri-
can political and miscellaneous writer and
lecturer; born in Munich, Bavaria, 1864. His
home is in New York. He has written : (Rise
of the Swiss Republic); (Swiss Solutions of
American Problems); "Little Idyls of the Big
World); etc.
McCrae, George Gordon. An Australian
poet; born in Scotland. He has a position in
the civil service in Victoria. A number of his
poems are based on native Australian legends,
the best known being Māmba, the Bright-
Eyed' (1867), and Story of Balladeādro' (1867),
both published in Australian periodicals. No
collection of his verse has appeared.
MacCrie, Thomas. A Scottish Presbyterian
divine and historical writer ; born at Duns, No-
vember 1772; died at Edinburgh, Aug. 5, 1835.
He was professor of divinity at Whitburn, 1817-
27. He wrote: Life of John Knox) (1812,
several editions); Life of Andrew Melville) (2
vols. , 1819); “History of the Reformation in Italy)
(1827); History of the Reformation in Spain
(1829); the two last becoming standard works.
McCulloch, John Ramsay. A famous Scot.
tish statistician and political economist; born
at Whithorn, Wigtownshire, March 1, 1789; died
in London, Nov. II, 1864. He was professor of
political economy at London University (now
University College) 1828–32; editor of the Scots-
man 1818–20 ; comptroller of the stationery of-
fice 1838-64; and a regular contributor to the
Edinburgh Review. Among the very large
number of works he wrote or compiled may be
mentioned : Principles of Political Economy)
(1825), his chief work ; Dictionary of Commerce)
(1832); “Statistical Account of the British Em-
pire) (1837); etc. He was a disciple of Adam
Smith and Ricardo, and edited the works of
both, adding a life of the former to his edition
of the Wealth of Nations. )
McCurdy, James Frederick. A Canadian
Oriental scholar; born in Chatham, N. B. , Feb.
18, 1847. He has published: (Aryo-Semitic
Speech) (1881); (The Semitic Perfect in As-
syrian' in the (Transactions of the Congress of
Orientalists) (1883); and various essays on sub-
jects connected with Oriental learning.
Macdonald, George. A noted Scottish nov.
elist and poet; born at Huntley, 1824. He was
originally an Independent minister, but became
a lay member of the Church of England. He
has lectured in this country (1872–73). Ainong
his best-known novels are : David Elginbrod)
(1862); (Annals of a Quiet Neighborhood
(1866); (Robert Falconer) (1868). He published
poems in 1855, 1857, 1864, 1868, and 1882. *
McDowell, Katharine Sherwood. An
American poet; born in Holly Springs, Miss. ,
Feb. 26, 1849; died there, July 22, 1884. In 1872
she became private secretary to Longfellow,
She wrote: (The Radical Club, a poem ;
(Suwanee River Tales); Like Unto Like)
(1881); and Dialect Tales) (1884).
Mace, Frances Parker Laughton. An Amer.
ican poet; born in Orono, Me. , Jan. 15, 1836.
She has published (Legends, Lyrics, and Son-
nets) (1883), and poems entitled (Under Pine
and Palm); her contributions to magazines in-
clude : (Israfil, (Easter Morning,' and 'Thie
Kingdom of the Child. (Only Waiting,' a poem,
attained great popularity.
## p. 359 (#375) ############################################
MACÉ – MACKAY
359
>
Macé, Jean (mä-sā'). A French educator and
popular writer for the young; born in Paris,
1815. He served in the French army 1842–45.
In 1866 he founded a league of instruction in
the Belgian manner. His best-known work is
(Contes du Petit-Château) (1862), called in the
English translation (Home Fairy Tales. He
has also written : (History of a Mouthful of
Bread' (1861); (Servants of the Stomach'(1866);
(France before the Franks' (1881); etc. s*
Macedo, Joaquim Manoel de (mä-shā'do).
A Brazilian poet; born in San João d'Itaborahi,
June 24, 1820; professor of national history in
the college of Rio Janeiro. He has written
very successful novels, dramas, and comedies.
As a lyric poet he is greatly esteemed. His
works include: Moreninha,' a novel (1844;
5th ed. , revised, 1877); “O Moço Loura, a novel
of the early stages of the Portuguese conquest
(1845); A Nebulosa,' a poem (1857); (Cotie,'
a drama; (Fantasma Branco, a comedy (1856);
and Corógraphia do Brasil (1873).
Macedo, José Agostinho de. A noted Por-
tuguese miscellaneous writer; born at Beja,
Sept. II, 1761; died at Pedrouços, 1831. Among
his works are: (Gama) (1811), an epic; (A
Meditaçao' (Meditation : 1813), a poem, his chief
work; Man, or the Limits of Reason' (1815),
a philosophical treatise ; a number of sarcastic
critiques; etc.
Macfarlane, Charles. A Scottish historian;
born 18-; died 1858. He traveled extensively
in the East, and for many years resided in Italy.
He wrote: "Our Indian Empire) (1844); (Pic-
torial History of Scotland (8 vols. , 1849, with
G. L. Craik); (Turkey and Its Destiny' (1850);
(History of British India) (1852); etc.
McGaffey, Ernest. An American writer of
verse; born in Ohio, 1861. He is a lawyer in
Chicago. He has published (Poems of Gun
and Rod and Poems.
MacGahan, Barbara. A Russo-American
novelist, wife of J.
He wrote: Munich Antiques) (7 vols. , 1861-
69); Masterpieces of Ecclesiastical Architect-
ure) (1862), fruit of his studies in France and
England; Monuments of Art, in association
with Lübke (6th ed. 1892); History of German
Copperplate and Wood Engraving. '
Luzan, Ignacio de (lö'thän). A Spanish poet
and scholar; born at Saragossa, 1702; died at
Madrid, 1754. His work on (The Poetic Art)
(1737) is greatly admired.
Luzzatti, Luigi (löts-ä'tē). An Italian states.
man; born at Venice, 1841. He is author of a
series of works on political law, among them
(State and Church in Belgium' and 'Embry-
ology and Development of Political Constitu-
tions.
Lyall, Alfred Comyns, Sir. An English
administrator and author; born at Coulston,
Surrey, in 1835. In the course of a long and
useful career in India he was Home Secretary,
Foreign Secretary, and in 1882 Lieutenant-
Governor of the North-West Provinces, having
in the previous year been created K. C. B. As
an author his reputation is due chiefly to his
(Asiatic Studies, Religious and Social) (1882);
a biography of Warren Hastings (1889) in
the (English Men of Action) series; and (The
Rise of the British Dominion in India' (3d ed.
1893).
Lyall, Edna, pseudonym of Ada Ellen
Bayly. An English novelist; born at Brighton.
Among her works are: (Won by Waiting);
(Donovan); Autobiography of a Slander);
(Knight Errant); (A Hardy Norseman); "In
the Golden Days); "We Two); Derrick
Vaughan, Novelist); Doreen); “To Right the
Wrong); etc.
Lycophron (li'kof-ron). A Greek poet and
grammarian, native of Chalcis in Eubæa; lived
in the third century B. C. He had a part in
organizing the Alexandrine Library. He was
classed as a tragic poet with the “Pleiad, so
called. One poem alone of his numerous
a
## p. 355 (#371) ############################################
LYCURGUS-LYTLE
355
compositions remains : Alexandra,' which con-
tains, in 1474 iambic verses, a prophecy of
Cassandra relating to the fall of Troy and the
fortunes of the heroes therein concerned.
Lycurgus (li-kér'gus). An Attic orator of
the fourth century B. C. He was a disciple of
Plato and Isocrates, and a zealous adherent
of the patriotic party. His Orations) against
Leocrates are extant: they are notable less for
their form than for their noble and dignified
exposition.
Lydgate, John. An English poet of the 15th
century. He was a monk of Bury St. Edmunds.
He translated Benoit de St. Maure's History
of Troy) at the command of Henry V. ; wrote
a poem on the Battle of Agincourt,' and one
upon the coronation of Henry VII. ; his (Story
of Thebes) is written as though it were one of
the “Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. He wrote
some ballads that became popular favorites, as
(The London Lackpenny); (A Satirical Ballad
on the Times); A Lover's Complaint. '
Lyell, Sir Charles. A distinguished English
geologist; born at Kinnordy, Scotland, Nov. 14,
1797 ; died at London, Feb. 22, 1875. In his
(Principles of Geology) (3 vols. , 1830) he as-
sailed the doctrine of “catastrophism in geol-
ogy. He published: (Elements of Geology)
(1837); “Travels in North America, with Geo-
logical Observations) (2 vols. , 1845); “A Second
Visit to the United States) (2 vols. , 1846): these
voyages were made for the purpose of testing
his principle of continuous geologic evolution.
His last work was "Geological Evidences of
the Antiquity of Man (1863).
Lyle, William. A Scottish poet; born in
Edinburgh, Nov. 17, 1822. Since coming to
the United States he has resided in Roches-
ter, N. Y. His poems are widely read in this
country and Canada. Among his most popular
Scottish dialect poems is (The Grave of Three
Hundred. He has also written several Eng-
lish poems, including Diotima. (The Martyr
Queen) was published in 1888.
Lyly, John. An English dramatist; born
1554; died in London, 1606. Between 1578 and
1600 he composed several plays, chiefly myth-
ological, which were acted by the boys of
St. Paul's School in presence of Queen Eliza-
beth. But he is noteworthy principally on ac-
count of his two books (Euphues, or the An-
atomy of Wit) (1579), and “Euphues and his
England) (1580), which were the first serious
attempts in English to use words as mere musi-
cal notes, quite subordinating the matter to the
sound. Fantastic as the form was, the recog.
nition of new possibilities in the language in-
toxicated the cultured classes, and set the liter-
ary fashion for many years: story-writers who
wished to assure themselves an audience en.
titled their books (Euphues his —, and the
influence is clear and strong on Sidney and
Spenser.
Lyman, Joseph Bardwell. An American
agriculturist; born in Chester, Mass. , Oct. 6,
1829; died in Richmond Hill, L. I. , Jan, 28,
1872. In 1867 he became agricultural editor
of the New York World. The following year
he was editor of Hearth and Home, and shortly
after joined the staff of the Tribune. He wrote,
with his wife, (The Philosophy of Housekeep-
ing) (1867). He published: (Resources of the
Pacific States) (1865); (Women of the War)
(1866); and (Cotton Culture) (1867).
Lyman, Laura Elizabeth Baker. An Amer-
ican journalist; born in Kent's Hill, Me. , April
2, 1831. Under her pen-name of Kate Hun-
nibee,” she became widely known from a series
of articles which appeared in Hearth and
Home. She edited the Home Interest depart-
ment in the New York Tribune (1869-70), and
the Dining-Room Magazine (1876–77).
Lyman, Theodore. An American philan-
thropist; born in Boston, Feb. 20, 1792; died
in Brookline, Mass. , July 18, 1849. Graduated
at Harvard in 1810. He founded the State
Reform School, to which he gave $72,500.
Among his works are : (Three Weeks in Paris)
(1814); (The Political State of Italy) (1820);
(Account of the Hartford Convention) (1823);
and (The Diplomacy of the United States with
Foreign Nations) (2 vols. , 1828).
Lynch, James Daniel. An American poet
and miscellaneous writer; born in Mecklenburg
County, Va. , Jan. 6, 1836. His best-known
poems are: “The Clock of Destiny, (The
Star of Texas,' and (The Siege of the Alamo. '
He also published: (Kemper County Vindi-
cated' (1878); “Bench and Bar of Mississippi)
(1881); and (Bench and Bar of Texas) (1885).
Lyne, Joseph Leycester. An English di-
vine and religious writer, called “Father Ig.
natius” and Ignatius of Jesus”; born in
London, Nov. 23, 1837. He was a mission
curate in London, but withdrew to begin the
attempt of restoring monasticism in the Church
of England. He built Llanthony Abbey in
Wales, and established there a community of
monks on the pattern of the Benedictine or-
der. He is the author of many published
sermons, poems, tales, etc. , among which are :
(The Catholic Church of England) (1864);
Brother Placidus) (1870); Leonard Morris, or
the Benedictine Monk) (1871); (Mission Ser-
mons and Orations) (1886); (Tales of the Mon-
astery.
Lysias (liz'i-as). An Attic orator; about
450-380 B. C.
Of his anciently accredited 425
orations only 233 were authentic; 31 are still
extant, but some even of these, and considera-
ble fractions of others, are suspected to be spuri-
ous. All but one of these were written for other
persons to deliver in courts or public assem-
blies; the exception is a speech made by him
in court for the conviction of his brother's
murderer. They are all written in the purest
Attic, and the narration and arguments are
managed with extraordinary skill.
Lytle, William Haines (li-tl). An Ameri-
can general and poet; born in Cincinnati, O. ,
## p. 356 (#372) ############################################
356
LYTTON – MACARTHUR
Nov. 2, 1826; killed at the battle of Chicka-
mauga, Tenn. , Sept. 20, 1863. He graduated
at Cincinnati College, and studied law. He
was a captain in the Mexican War; and in
the Civil War served as colonel in 1861, and
later as brigadier-general of volunteers, having
been promoted to that rank for gallant conduct.
His best-known poems are Antony to Cleo-
patra) and (Jacqueline. No complete collec-
tion of his works was published.
Lytton, Edward Bulwer, Lord. See Bul.
wer.
Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer, Earl of
[«Owen Meredith »], the only son of Edward
Bulwer-Lytton; born in London, Nov. 8, 1831 ;
died in Paris, Nov. 24, 1891. He was educated
at Harrow and Bonn; went to Washington in
1849 as private secretary to his uncle, Lord
Dalling (William Henry Lytton Earle); and
subsequently had an important diplomatic ca-
reer in Vienna, Athens, Copenhagen, and Lis.
bon. He was made viceroy of India in 1876;
created Earl of Lytton in 1880; and ambassa-
dor to France in 1887. His works include:
(Clytemnestra, The Earl's Return, and Other
Poems) (1855); “The Wanderer) (1859); Lu-
cile,' a novel in verse (1860); (Fables in Song'
(1874); "Glenaveril (1885); King Poppy)
(1892); (The Ring of Amasis,' a novel (1863;
new ed. 1890); and (Marah,' poems, published
posthumously (1892). *
M
Maartens, Maarten (mär'tenz), pseudonym
of J. M. W. Van der Poorten-Schwartz. The
most noted Dutch novelist of the day; born in
Amsterdam, 1858. He writes his books in Eng-
lish. Among them are : (The Sin of Joost Ave-
lingh) (1890); A Question of Taste) (1891);
(God's Fool' (1892); (The Greater Glory)
(1894); etc. *
Mabie, Hamilton Wright. A distinguished
American essayist, critic, and editor; born at
Cold Spring, N. Y. , Dec. 13, 1845. He grad -
uated from Williams College, practiced law
for a time in New York city, and then entered
journalism, becoming in 1879 associate editor
of the Christian Union, now the Outlook. His
thoughtful, happily turned, and sound essays,
many of which have appeared originally in his
paper, have won him the position of a critic
of recognized authority and influence. He has
insisted on the value of the past and the neces-
sity of a broad culture for the true appreciation
of literature, while sympathetic towards the
new. The wide sale of his books has done much
to stimulate and direct the American taste for
letters. He has supplemented the written word
by much work on the lecture platform. He is
one of the most acceptable lecturers on liter-
ary subjects in the country. His books are :
(Norse Stories Retold from the Eddas); My
Study Fire); (Under the Trees and Elsewhere);
(Short Studies in Literature); “Essays in Lit-
erary Interpretation); Essays on Nature and
Culture ); (Essays on Books and Culture. )
Mabillon, Jean (mä-be-yôn'). A noted French
scholar and historian; born at St. Pierremont,
Ardennes, Nov. 23, 1632; died at Paris, Dec.
27, 1707. He belonged to the Benedictine order,
and lived in the famous Abbey of St. Germain-
des-Prés, Paris, after 1664. His critical (Ancient
Analects) (4 vols. , 1675-85), and (Italian Mu-
seum' (2 vols. , 1687-89), collected in Germany
and Italy, possess great value. In (On Diplo-
macy) (1681), his chief work, in which are stated
the principles of historic inquiry, and which
became a classic, he defended his method, which
had been attacked by the Jesuits. He wrote
also works relating to the Benedictine saints
and history.
Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de (mä-ble'). A
French publicist, brother of Condillac; born at
Grenoble, March 14, 1709; died in Paris, April
23, 1785. The admiration of antiquity prevalent
during the French Revolution was largely due
to his "Parallel between the Romans and the
French) (1740), 'Observations on the Romans)
(1751), and (Observations on the History of
Greece) (1766). His (Conversations of Pho-
cion (1763) has been said to contain the germ
of modern communism. (Collected Works, 1879. )
MacAfee, Mrs. Nelly Nichol (Marshall). An
American novelist, daughter of Gen. Humphrey
Marshall of the Confederate army; born at
Louisville, Ky. , 1845. Among her works are :
(Sodom Apples) (1866); “Wearing the Cross)
(1868); (A Criminal through Love' (1882); etc.
McAfee, Robert Breckinridge. An Ameri.
can lawyer and historian; born in Mercer
County, Ky. , February 1784; died there, March
12, 1849. He was United States chargé d'affaires
at Bogota, Colombia, from 1833 till 1837; and
was a member of the Royal Antiquarian So-
ciety of Denmark. He wrote a (History of
the War of 1812) (1816). Much valuable in-
formation has been obtained from his private
journal, relating to the early history of Kentucky.
McAnally, David Rice. An American edu-
cator and prose-writer; born in Tennessee, Feb.
17, 1810. He was long associated with Horace
Mann in efforts to improve methods in educa-
tion. He is the author of Life of Martha
Laurens Ramsay) (1852); “Life and Labors of
Bishop Marvine) (1878); and (History of Meth-
odism in Missouri (1881).
MacArthur, Robert Stuart. An American
Baptist divine; born at Dalesville, P. Q. , 1841.
He has been pastor of Calvary Baptist Church,
New York, since 1870, and is editor of the
## p. 357 (#373) ############################################
MACAULAY - MCCLINTOCK
357
>
Christian Inquirer and the Baptist Quarterly
Review. He has published "Quick Truths in
Quaint Texts"; "Calvary Pulpit, or Christ and
Him Crucified' (1890); etc.
Macaulay, Catharine, Mrs. (Sawbridge).
An English historian; born in Kent, 1733; died
June 22, 1791. She is best known by her (His-
tory of England (8 vols. , 1763-83).
Her (His-
tory of England from the Revolution) (1778)
was called the republican history of Eng.
land, and was severely criticized. Only one
volume appeared.
Macaulay, James. A Scottish novelist and
writer for the young; born at Edinburgh, 1817.
He has been editor of several periodicals, for
thirty-five years editor-in-chief of the Religious
Tract Society; founded the Boy's Own Paper,
and the Girl's Own Paper. He has published
(Across the Ferry) (1871); (All True) (new ed.
1880); (From Middy to Admiral of the Fleet);
(Sea Pictures) (new ed. 1884); "Victoria, her
Liſe and Reign (1887); etc.
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, Lord. A
famous English historian, essayist, poet, and
statesman; born at Rothley Temple, Leicester-
shire, Oct. 25, 1800; died at Kensington, Dec.
28, 1859. Called to the bar in 1826, he was
Member of Parliament 1830-34, 1839-47, 1852-
57; member of the Supreme Council in India
(residing at Calcutta) 1834-38; Secretary of
War 1839-41 ; Paymaster-General 1846-47. The
History of England) is his one large work.
Vols. i. and ii. appeared in 1849 ; iii. and iv.
in 1855; V. , edited by his sister Lady Trevel-
yan, in 1866. His "Lays of Ancient Rome !
appeared in 1842. His works have been pub-
lished in innumerable forms in many coun-
tries; a complete edition, edited by Lady
Trevelyan, appeared in 1866. He was a keen
critic, an eloquent and convincing orator, and
one of the most delightful of English letter-
writers. He has contributed to English liter-
ature a vast number of brilliant essays, the
enumeration of which will be found in the
biographical notice in the Library. *
MacCarthy, Denis Florence. An Irish poet;
born at Dublin, 1817 (? ); died 1882. He was
a lawyer by profession, but never practiced.
He won the love of his countrymen by his
lyrics on Irish history and legend.
Among
his works are: (Ballads, Poems, and Lyrics)
(1850); (The Bell-Founder,' etc. (new ed. 1857);
Underglimpses,' etc. (1857). He wrote also
'Early Life of Shelley) (1872).
McCarthy, Justin. A noted Irish journalist,
politician, historian, novelist, and miscellaneous
writer; born at Cork, Nov. 22, 1830. He has
been a Home Rule Member of Parliament
since 1879, and since the fall of Parnell, chair-
man of the Irish Parliamentary party. He
spent three years (1868–70) in the United States,
traveling, lecturing, and engaged in literary
work, being (amongst other things) connected
editorially with the New York Independent.
Ile revisited this country in 1886. Among his
chief works are: (A History of Our Own
Times) (4 vols. , 1879-80); \History of the Four
Georges) (4 vols. , 1889); the novels Lady
Judith) (1871); (A Fair Saxon (1873); (Dear
Lady Disdain (1875); (The Right Honorable'
(1886, with Mrs. Campbell-Praed); etc. (Mod-
ern Leaders,' a collection of biographical
sketches, appeared in 1872. His latest work is
(The Story of Gladstone's Life) (1897). *
McCarthy, Justin Huntley. An Irish jour-
nalist, politician, historian, poet, and novelist,
son of Justin; born 1860. He has been a
Member of Parliament since 1884. He has
written : (Outline of Irish History) (1883);
(Serapion, and Other Poems) (1883); Eng.
land under Gladstone) (2d ed. 1885); “Camiola,
a Girl with a Fortune) (1885). He completed
a (History of the French Revolution in 1897.
McCaul, John. A Canadian educator and
writer; born in Dublin, Ireland, 1807. In 1849
and 1853 he was elected president of Toronto
University. He published several volumes of
articles and treatises on classical subjects, be-
sides editing portions of Horace, Longinus,
Lucian, and Thucydides, as college text-books.
He also wrote : Britanno-Roman Inscriptions)
(1863); and (Christian Epitaphs of the First
Six Centuries. )
Macchetta, Blanche Roosevelt (Tucker),
Mrs. (mä-ket'a). An American novelist and bi-
ographer, daughter of John Randolph Tucker,
United States Senator from Virginia ; born in
Wisconsin, 18—. She has written : (Home-Life
of Henry W. Longfellow' (1882);(Stage-Struck)
(1884); Life of Gustave Doré) (1885); (The
Copper Queen' (1886), a novel ; etc.
McClellan, George Brinton. A distingushed
American general ; born in Philadelphia, Dec.
3, 1826; died in Orange, N. J. , Oct. 29, 1885.
He was commander of the Army of the Poto-
mac, 1861–62. The most important of his works
are : (Report on the Organization and Campaigns
of the Army of the Potomac) (1864); «The
Armies of Europe); “European Cavalry); and
(McClellan's Own Story' (1887).
McClelland, Margaret Greenway. An
American novelist; born in Norwood, Va. , 18-;
died 1895. Besides many stories and poems
contributed to magazines, she wrote: (Oblive
ion' (1885); Princess' (1886); Jean Monteith)
(1887); (Madame Silva (1888); (Burkett's Lock)
(1889); Mammy Mystic); and other novels and
tales.
McClintock, John. An American educator
and author; born in Philadelphia, Oct. 27, 1814;
died in Madison, N. J. , March 4, 1870. He was
made president of Drew Theological Seminary
in 1867. He was the author with James Strong
of a large and valuable (Cyclopædia of Bib.
lical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature )
(12 vols. ); a work of many years' labor, and
intended to cover the whole field embraced in
the title. The last volume was published in
1895. He wrote also (An Analysis of Wat-
son's Theological Institutes) (1850); “Temporal
## p. 358 (#374) ############################################
358
MACCOLL- MACE
Power of the Pope' (1853); and Living
Words,' a volume of sermons published since
his death.
MacColl, Evan. A Canadian poet; born in
Kenmore, Argyleshire, Scotland, Sept. 21, 1808.
Since emigrating to Canada (1850), he has
written many poems, and is called the bard of
St. Andrew's Society of Kingston. Among his
publications are: My Rowan Tree, best
known of his lyrical verses; (Clarsach Nan
Beann, or Poems and Songs in Gaelic) (1837);
and (The Mountain Minstrel, or Poems and
Songs in English) (1887).
MacColl, Malcolm. A distinguished English
clergyman and religious and political writer;
born in Inverness-shire, March 27, 1838. He
became canon of Ripon 1884, and Savoy
chaplain 1894. He has published : (Mr. Glad-
stone and Oxford, by Scrutator) (2d ed. 1865);
(Science and Prayer) (4th ed. 1866); (The
Reformation in England (2d ed. 1869); (The
Ober-Ammergau Passion Play) (7th ed. 1870);
(Lawlessness, Sacerdotalism, and Ritualism)
(3d ed. 1875); (Christianity in Relation to Sci-
ence and Morals) (4th ed. 1889); etc.
McConnell, John Ludlum. An American
prose-writer ; born in Jacksonville, I. , Nov. II,
1826; died there, Jan. 17, 1862. His books, de-
scriptive of Western individuality and growth,
include :( Talbot and Vernon (1850); (Graham,
or Youth and Manhood (1850); (The Glens)
(1851); and (Western Characters, or Types of
Border Life) (1853).
McCook, Henry Christopher. An American
clergyman, naturalist, and miscellaneous writer;
born in New Lisbon, O. , July 3, 1837. He is
vice-president of the American Entomological
Society, and of the Academy of Natural Sci-
ences of Philadelphia; and author of "The
Mound-Making Ants of the Alleghanies (1877);
(The Natural History of the Agricultural Ant
of Texas) (1880); (Tenants of an Old Farm)
(1884); (The Gospel in Nature) (1887); and
(American Spiders and their Spinning-Work)
(1888).
McCosh, James. A prominent Scottish-Amer-
ican theologian; born in Carskeoch, Ayrshire,
Scotland, April 1, 1811; died in Princeton,
N. J. , in 1894. He came to America in 1868 ;
was president of Princeton College (1868-88),
and was one of the foremost men of his day in
university life. His principal works include:
(Christianity and Positivism (1871); (A Re-
ply to Prof. Tyndall's Belfast Address) (1875);
(The Development Hypothesis) (1876); (The
Emotions) (1880); Herbert Spencer's Philoso-
phy as Culminating in his Ethics) (1885).
McCrackan, William Denison. An Ameri-
can political and miscellaneous writer and
lecturer; born in Munich, Bavaria, 1864. His
home is in New York. He has written : (Rise
of the Swiss Republic); (Swiss Solutions of
American Problems); "Little Idyls of the Big
World); etc.
McCrae, George Gordon. An Australian
poet; born in Scotland. He has a position in
the civil service in Victoria. A number of his
poems are based on native Australian legends,
the best known being Māmba, the Bright-
Eyed' (1867), and Story of Balladeādro' (1867),
both published in Australian periodicals. No
collection of his verse has appeared.
MacCrie, Thomas. A Scottish Presbyterian
divine and historical writer ; born at Duns, No-
vember 1772; died at Edinburgh, Aug. 5, 1835.
He was professor of divinity at Whitburn, 1817-
27. He wrote: Life of John Knox) (1812,
several editions); Life of Andrew Melville) (2
vols. , 1819); “History of the Reformation in Italy)
(1827); History of the Reformation in Spain
(1829); the two last becoming standard works.
McCulloch, John Ramsay. A famous Scot.
tish statistician and political economist; born
at Whithorn, Wigtownshire, March 1, 1789; died
in London, Nov. II, 1864. He was professor of
political economy at London University (now
University College) 1828–32; editor of the Scots-
man 1818–20 ; comptroller of the stationery of-
fice 1838-64; and a regular contributor to the
Edinburgh Review. Among the very large
number of works he wrote or compiled may be
mentioned : Principles of Political Economy)
(1825), his chief work ; Dictionary of Commerce)
(1832); “Statistical Account of the British Em-
pire) (1837); etc. He was a disciple of Adam
Smith and Ricardo, and edited the works of
both, adding a life of the former to his edition
of the Wealth of Nations. )
McCurdy, James Frederick. A Canadian
Oriental scholar; born in Chatham, N. B. , Feb.
18, 1847. He has published: (Aryo-Semitic
Speech) (1881); (The Semitic Perfect in As-
syrian' in the (Transactions of the Congress of
Orientalists) (1883); and various essays on sub-
jects connected with Oriental learning.
Macdonald, George. A noted Scottish nov.
elist and poet; born at Huntley, 1824. He was
originally an Independent minister, but became
a lay member of the Church of England. He
has lectured in this country (1872–73). Ainong
his best-known novels are : David Elginbrod)
(1862); (Annals of a Quiet Neighborhood
(1866); (Robert Falconer) (1868). He published
poems in 1855, 1857, 1864, 1868, and 1882. *
McDowell, Katharine Sherwood. An
American poet; born in Holly Springs, Miss. ,
Feb. 26, 1849; died there, July 22, 1884. In 1872
she became private secretary to Longfellow,
She wrote: (The Radical Club, a poem ;
(Suwanee River Tales); Like Unto Like)
(1881); and Dialect Tales) (1884).
Mace, Frances Parker Laughton. An Amer.
ican poet; born in Orono, Me. , Jan. 15, 1836.
She has published (Legends, Lyrics, and Son-
nets) (1883), and poems entitled (Under Pine
and Palm); her contributions to magazines in-
clude : (Israfil, (Easter Morning,' and 'Thie
Kingdom of the Child. (Only Waiting,' a poem,
attained great popularity.
## p. 359 (#375) ############################################
MACÉ – MACKAY
359
>
Macé, Jean (mä-sā'). A French educator and
popular writer for the young; born in Paris,
1815. He served in the French army 1842–45.
In 1866 he founded a league of instruction in
the Belgian manner. His best-known work is
(Contes du Petit-Château) (1862), called in the
English translation (Home Fairy Tales. He
has also written : (History of a Mouthful of
Bread' (1861); (Servants of the Stomach'(1866);
(France before the Franks' (1881); etc. s*
Macedo, Joaquim Manoel de (mä-shā'do).
A Brazilian poet; born in San João d'Itaborahi,
June 24, 1820; professor of national history in
the college of Rio Janeiro. He has written
very successful novels, dramas, and comedies.
As a lyric poet he is greatly esteemed. His
works include: Moreninha,' a novel (1844;
5th ed. , revised, 1877); “O Moço Loura, a novel
of the early stages of the Portuguese conquest
(1845); A Nebulosa,' a poem (1857); (Cotie,'
a drama; (Fantasma Branco, a comedy (1856);
and Corógraphia do Brasil (1873).
Macedo, José Agostinho de. A noted Por-
tuguese miscellaneous writer; born at Beja,
Sept. II, 1761; died at Pedrouços, 1831. Among
his works are: (Gama) (1811), an epic; (A
Meditaçao' (Meditation : 1813), a poem, his chief
work; Man, or the Limits of Reason' (1815),
a philosophical treatise ; a number of sarcastic
critiques; etc.
Macfarlane, Charles. A Scottish historian;
born 18-; died 1858. He traveled extensively
in the East, and for many years resided in Italy.
He wrote: "Our Indian Empire) (1844); (Pic-
torial History of Scotland (8 vols. , 1849, with
G. L. Craik); (Turkey and Its Destiny' (1850);
(History of British India) (1852); etc.
McGaffey, Ernest. An American writer of
verse; born in Ohio, 1861. He is a lawyer in
Chicago. He has published (Poems of Gun
and Rod and Poems.
MacGahan, Barbara. A Russo-American
novelist, wife of J.
