Photius informs us, that among these
was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of
?
was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of
?
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
It after-
ward took the appellation of Cesarca ad Anazarbum,
bat from what Roman emperor is not known, though
prior to the time of F"liny (5, 27). The original appel-
lation, however, finally prevailed, aa we find it so desig-
nated in Hierocies and the fenperial Notitiffi, at which
period it had become the chief town of Cilicia Secunda.
It was nearly destroyed by a terrible earthquake under
Justinian. Anazarrtus -was the birthplace of Dioscor-
idesandOppian- The Turks call it, at the present day,
Ait-Ztrtth. (Cra. mer*a A. aia Minor, vol. 2, p. 354. )
Asc. *i:s, I. the son of Lycurgus and Cleophile, or,
according to others, Astypalsea, was in the expedition
of the Argonauts. He was also at the chase of the
Calydonian boar, in Which he perished. (ApoUod. , 3,
9. --H. , 1, 8. --Hyg-in. , fab. , 173 et 248. )--II. King
of Simos. and son of Neptune and Astypatea. He
went with the Argonauts, and succeeded Tiphys as pi-
lot of the snip Argo. rle reigned in Ionia, where he
married Samia, daughter of the Msander, by whom he
Bad four sons, Ferilas, Enudus, Samus, Alithersus, and
one daughter called Parthenope. He paid particular
attention to the culture of the vine, and on one occa-
wn was told by a slave, whom he was pressing with
hard labour in his vineyard, that he would never taste
of its produce. After the vintage had been gathered
in and the wine made, Ancsaus, in order to falsify the
prediction, was about to raise a cup of the liquor to his
bps, deriding, at the same time, the pretended prophet
(who, however, merely told him, in reply, that there
were many things between the cup and the lip), when
tadiags came that a boar had broken into his vineyard.
Throwing down the cup, with the untasted liquor,
Ancsus rushed forth to meet the animal, and lost his
life in the encounter. Hence arose the Greek proverb,
Multf caiu. nl inter calicem tupremajue labra.
The Latin translation is by Erasmus, who, as Dacier
thinks, read trrm for 7rt/-e<, a supposition not at all
probable, since "cadunt" gives the spirit, though not
the literal meaning, of TreTifi. --The story just given is
related somewhat differently by other writers, but the
pant in all ia the same. (Eustalh . ad II. , p. 77, ed.
Jtemi -- fettu*, *. <<. Manum. -- Aid. Gell. , 13, 17. --
Dmttcr, ad Feat. , I. c. )
A>>CALITE>>, a people of Britain, near the Atrebatii,
and probably a clan of that nation. Baxter supposes
thfm to have been the herdsmen and shepherds of the
. 1 trefcat ii. and to have possessed those parts of Oxford-
tktre and Buckinghamshire most proper for pasturage.
Horrfev, on the other hand, makes their country cor-
? ? respond to the modem Berkshire. But it is all uncer-
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? ANC
ANu
sacrificed himself for the good of his country, when
the earth had opened and swallowed up many build-
ings. The oracle had been consulted, and gave for
answer, that the gulf would never close if Midas did
not throw into it whatever ho had most precious.
Though the king cast in much gold and silver, yet the
gulf continued open, till Anchurus, thinking nothing
more precious than life, and regarding himself, there-
fore, as the most valuable of his father's possessions,
took a tender leave of his wife and family, and leaped
into the earth, which closed immediately over his head.
Midas erected there an altar of stone to Jupiter, and
that altar was the first object which he turned into
gold when he had received his fatal gift from the gods.
Every year, when the day Came round on which the
chasm had been first formed, the altar became one of
stone again; but, when this day had passed by, it
once more changed to gold. (Plut. , Parali. , p. 306. )
Ancile, a sacred shield, which fell from heaven in
the reign of Numa, when the Roman people laboured
under a pestilence. Upon the preservation of this
shield depended the fate of the Roman empire, ac-
cording to the admonition given to Numa by the nymph
Egeria, and the monarch therefore ordered eleven of
the same size and form to be made, that if ever any
attempt was made to cany them away, the plunderer
might find it difficult to distinguish the true one.
They were made with such exactness, that the king
promised Veturius Mamurius, the artist, whatever
reward he desired. ( Vid. Mamurius. ) They were
kept in the temple of Vesta, and an order of priests
was chosen to watch over their safety. These priests
were called Salii, and were twelve in number; they
carried every year, on the first of March, the shields
in a solemn procession through the streets of Rome,
dancing and singing praises to the god Mars. (Vid.
Salii. ) This sacred festival continued three days, du-
ring which every important business was stopped. It
was deemed unfortunate to be married on those days,
or to undertake any expedition. Hence Suetonius
(Oth. , 8) states, that Otho marched from Rome, on
his unsuccessful expedition against Vitellius, during
the festival of the Ancilia, "nulla religionum cvra,"
without any regard for sacred ceremonies, and Tacitus
(Hist. , 1, 8. 9) remarks, that many ascribed to this cir-
cumstance the unfortunate issue of the campaign.
The form of the ancile occurs in ancient coins. Rep-
resentations of it are also given by modern writers on
Roman Antiquities. (Consult Ltpsius, Mil. Bom. ;
Anal. , lib. 3, dial. 1. ) Plutarch, in explaining their
shape, remarks, "they are neither circular, nor yet,
like the pclta, semicircular, but fashioned in two crook-
ed indented lines, the extremities of which, meeting
close, form a curve (uynvhov). " According to this ety-
mology, the name should be written in Latin Ancyle.
Ovid says the shield was called ancile, " quod ab omni
? parte recusum est," a derivation much worse than Plu-
tarch's. The name is very probably of Etrurian ori-
gin, and the whole legend would appear to be a myth,
turning on the division of the Roman year into twelve
months by the fabulous Numa. (Plut. , Vit. Num. , c.
13. --Ovid, Fast. , 3, 377. )
Ancona, a city of Italy, on the coast of Picenum,
which still retains its name. The appellation is sup-
fiosed to be of Greek origin, and to express the angu-
ar form of the promontory on which the city is placed.
(Mela, 2, 4. --Procop. , Rcr. Got. , 2. ) This bold head-
? ? land was called Cumerium Promontorium: its modern
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? A. IVD
AND
ras found in modem times, a spurious in-
Kription on a temple erected in honour of Augustus,
which gives a history of the several actions and pub-
lic menu of Augustus, and which shows also that
he had been a great patron of the Ancyrani. Ancyra
is now called by the Turks Angouri, and by the Eu-
mfeaa An^oriL, and is the place whence the celebra-
ted shawls and hosiery made of goats' hair were ori-
ginally brought. Near this place, Bajazet was con-
quered and made prisoner by Timur, or, as the name
u commonly, though incorrectly, written, Tamerlane.
(Haanert, vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 46, aeqq. )--II. A town of
Phrygia, on the confines of Mysia. Strabo (576)
places it in the district of Abasitis, near the sources
of the river Makest us, which flows into the Rhyndacus.
(Mnaert,-ro\. 6, pt. 3, p. 111. )
. \>:I. I. "IT. K. gladiators who fought blindfolded,
irhence the proverb Anitaim/nrum more pugnare, to
denote rash and inconsiderate measures. The name
comes from the Greek. tiva6urai, because they fought
in chariots or on horseback. (Consult Erasmus,
CM. , p. 461. )
AsfDiSii, a city of Messenia, situate, according to
Piosanias (4, 33), at the distance of eight stadia from
Cjmasium- It had been the capital of Messenia he-
Cue the domination of the Heraclide. (Pausan. , 4,
3. ) Strabo (36O) places it on the road from Mcssene
lo Megalopolis. It is also mentioned by Livy (36, 31)
as situated between these two cities. Sir W. Gell
(Inn, p. 69) observed its ruins between Sakona and
Krfita, on a hill formed by the foot of Mount Tetrage.
(Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol. 3, p. 147. )
AjtDBcIvi or ANDES, a people of Gaul, east of the
Namnetes. and. lying along the northern bank of the
Liger or Loire. Their capital was Juliomagus, now
Amper*, and their territory corresponded in part to
what Va now the department de la Mayenne. (Cat. ,
B. G. , 2, 35. )
AXDES, I. a people of Gaul. Vid. Andecavi. --II. A
vulaoe near Mantua, where Virgil was bom. (Compare
Huron. . Chrm. Euseb. , Z, and Sil. Ital. , 8, 594. )
Tradition has long assigned to a small place, now
named Pietota, the honour of representing this birth-
place of Virgil ? . but as this opinion appears to derive
no support from the passages in which the poet is sup-
posed to speak of his own farm, the prevailing notion
arnona the learned seems to contradict the popular re-
port which identifies Andes with Pietola. (Maffci,
Verona UUtutr. , vol. 2, p. 1. --Vito, Memoric htoriche,
vol. 1, p. 31. --Bonelli, Mem. Mantor. , vol. 1, p. 120. )
ll may be observed, however, that Virgil's birthplace
and his form may not necessarily have been one and
the tame: in this case it would seem that no argument
could be objected to a local, but very ancient and well-
established tradition. (Cramer's'Ancient Italy, vol.
I, p. 69, teqq. )
A. VBOCIDB8, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras,
and born in the first year of the 78th Olympiad, B. C.
463. He commanded the Athenian fleet in the war
fcetween the Corinthians and Corcyreans, and was af-
terward accused of having been concerned in mutila-
ting the Hemue, or statues of Mercury, a crime of
which Alcibiades was regarded as one of the authors.
Andocides, having been arrested for this sacrilege, es-
caped punishment by denouncing his real or pretended
accomplices.
Photius informs us, that among these
was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of
? ? obtaining hie father's pardon. (Phot. , Bill. , vol. 2, p.
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? AND
Minos, and a new name is given him; Eurygyes
(Evpvyvjif), "the far-plougher,'1 or "the possessor of
wide-extended acres" (cvpi'f and ~)"i'ri), and it is worth
noticing, that, after having been slain, and previous
to his new appellation, he was reawakened to life by
-iCsculapius, or the sun. (Compare Hesych. , vol. 1,
p. 1332, ed. Alberti, and Creuzer's Symbolik, vol. 4,
p. 107. )
ANDROMACHF, a daughter of Eetion, king of Hy-
poplacian Thebe, in Mysia, married Hector, son of
Priam, and became the mother of Astyanax. She
was equally remarkable for her domestic virtues, and
for attachment to hcr-husband. In the division of the
prisoners by the Greeks, after the taking of Troy,
Andromache fell to the share of Pyrrhus, who carried
her to Epirus, where she became the mother of three
sons, Molossus, Pielus, and Pergamus. Pyrrhus sub-
sequently conceded her to Hclenus, the brother of
Hector, who had also been among the captives of the
prince. She reigned with Helcnus over part of Epirus,
and became by him the mother of Cestrinus. (Homer,
II. , 6, 22 ct 24. -- Virg. , JEn. , 3, 48o. --Hygin. , Fab. ,
123. )
ANDROMACHUS, I. an opulent Sicilian, father of the
historian Timtcus. He collected together the inhabi-
tants of the city of Naxos, which Dionysius the tyrant
had destroyed, and founded with them Tauromenium.
Andromachus, as prefect of the new city, subsequent-
ly aided Timoleon in restoring liberty to Syracuse.
(Diod. Sic. , 16, 7 ct 68. ) -- II. A general of Alex-
ander, to whom Parmenio gave the government of
Syria. He was burned alive by the Samaritans, but
his death was avenged by Alexander. (Quint. Curt. ,
4, 5. ) -- III. A brother-in-law of Selcucus Callinicus.
--IV. A traitor, who discovered to the Parthians all
the measures of Crassus, and, on being chosen guide,
led the Roman army into a situation whence there was
no mode of escape. --V. A physician of Crete in the
age of Nero: he was physician to the emperor, and
inventor of the famous medicine, called after him,
Tin i in-a Andromachi. It was intended at first as an
antidote against poisons, but became afterward a kind
of panacea. This medicine enjoyed so high a rep-
utation among the Romans, that the Emperor Antoni-
nus, at a later period, took some of it every day, and
had it prepared every year in his palace. It consisted
of 61 ingredients, the principal of which were squills,
opium, pepper, and dried vipers. ' This absurd com-
pound was in vogue even in modern times, as late as
1787, in Paris. (Galen, de Theriac. , p. 470. -- Id.
de Antidot. , lib. 1, p. 4333. -- Sprengel, Hist. Mcd. ,
vol. 2, p. 56. )
ANDROMEDA, a daughter of Cepheus, king of . . Ethi-
opia, by Cassiope. She was promised in marriage to
Phineus, her uncle, when Neptune inundated the coasts
of the country, and sent a sea-monster to ravage the
land, because Cassiope had boasted herself fairer than
Juno and the Nereides. The oracle of Jupiter Am-
iiinn being consulted, returned for answer that the
calamity could only be removed by exposing Androm-
eda to the monster. She was accordingly secured to
a rock, and expected every moment to be destroy-
ed, when Perseus, who was returning through the
air from the conquest of the Gorgons, saw her, and
was captivated with her beauty. He promised to de-
liver her and destroy the monster if he received her
in marriage as a reward. Cepheus consented, and
Perseus changed the sea-monster into a rock, by show-
? ? ing him Medusa's head, and unbound Andromeda.
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? ANI
la and the Romans. The modem name of the island
ii the same wilh the ancient, or else varies from it
ail; in dropping the iViiul letter. (Cramer's Ane.
Gnat. wl. 3, p. 41O. )
Aiuoiit, a town of Phocis, mentioned by Homer
(I, . . 531) in conjunction with Hyampolis, and
doubtless in the immediate vicinity of that city, with
rikb il was even sometimes confounded (Compare
the Frock Strain*, Ecciairciss. , No. 34, vol. 3, Ap-
fai. , p. 154. ) SStr. i! > > affirms, that it obtained its
nynr frnni the violent (fusts of wind which blew from
Mount Catopteriua, a peak belonging to the chain of
Parnassus He adds that it was named by some au-
thors . Vnemolea- (-SVraic/, 423. -- Cramer* Ancient
Grace, vol. 2, p. 186. )
AXGEUOK, an artist, invariably named in connexion
with Tecueiu, as his constant associate. It is uncer-
tain whether they excelled chiefly in casting brass or
in earring marble. They are supposed by Sillig to
ha** flourished about 548 B. C. Mention Is made in
particular, by the ancient writers, of a statue of Apol-
|j by these artists. According to Miiller, they imi-
tated a very ancient statue of the Delian Apollo, made,
u Plutarch states, in the time of Hercules. (Siliig,
Dxt. . lrt. ,i. v. )
Amu, a people of Germany, at the base of the Cher-
KKMSUS Cimbrica, in the country answering now to
the northeastern part of the Ducky of Hoistein.
From them the English have derived their name.
There ii still, at the present day, in that quarter, a
district called Angeln. (Tacit. , Germ. , 40. --Kid.
Suones. )
AXQEO. a river of Illyricum, pursuing a northern
course, according to Herodotus, and joining the Bron-
gus. which flows into the Danube. (Herodot. , 4, 49. )
A. xcciTii, or ANGITIA, a grove in the country of the
Marsi, to the west of the Lacus Fucinus. The name
ii derived, according to Soliuus, from a sister of Circe,
who dwelt in the vicinity. It is now Silva d'Albi.
(Sola. , S. --Serv. ad Virg. , JEn. , 7, 759. )
ASICETUS, I. a son of Hercules by Hebe, the god-
dcu of youth. (Apolloil . 2, 7. )--II. A frecdman who
directed the education of Nero, and became the instru-
ment of his crimes. It was he who encouraged the
emperor to destroy his mother Agrippina, and who
gave the first idea of the galley, which, by falling on a
sudden to pieces, through secret mechanism, was to
have accomplished this horrid purpose. (Suet. , Vit.
Ntr. )
ANICIA, Gera, a family at Rome, which, in the flour-
ishing times of the republic, produced many brave and
illustrious citizens.
Asictus G. ILLUS, I. triumphed over the Illyrians
and their king Gentius, and obtained the honors of a
triumph A. lT. C. 535. He obtained the consulship
A. U. C. 594, B. C. 150. --If. Probus. a Roman consul,
A. D. 371, celebrated for his humanity.
Axiom's, a river of Elis, in the district of Triphylia,
to the north of Lepneum. This stream formed into
marshes at its mouth, from the want of a fall to carry
off the water. The stagnant pool thus created ex-
haled an odour so fetid as to be perceptible at the dis-
tance of twenty stadia, andthe fish caught there were so
tainted with the infection that they could not be eaten.
(Strain, 346. ) Pausanias, however, affirms (5, 5) that
this miasma was not confined to the marshes, but could
be traced to the very source of the river. It was as-
cribed to the centaur's having washed the wounds in-
? ? flicted by Hercules's envenomed shafts in the stream.
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? ANNA COMNENA.
ANNALES.
monies attending her festival. It was a feast com-
memorative of the year and the spring, and the hymns
sung on this occasion bore the free and joyous charac-
ter of orgiastic strains. In them Anna Perenna was
entreated to make the entire year roll away in health
and prosperity (" Vt annarc perennareque commode
liceal. "--Macrob. , Sal. , 1, 12). Now, this new year,
this year full of freshness and of benefits invoked, is
no other than Anna herself, a personification of the old
lunar year. (Compare Hermann unit Creuzer, Briefe,
etc. , p. 135. ) Anna is the same word, in fact, as an-
nus, or anus according to the primitive Roman orthog-
raphy; in Greek Ivor; or Ivor, whence the expression
bill '? "' via, proving that the word carries with it the
accessory idea of antiquity, just as Hoc appears analo-
gous to vctus. (Compare Lcnnep, Etymol. Gr. , p.
ward took the appellation of Cesarca ad Anazarbum,
bat from what Roman emperor is not known, though
prior to the time of F"liny (5, 27). The original appel-
lation, however, finally prevailed, aa we find it so desig-
nated in Hierocies and the fenperial Notitiffi, at which
period it had become the chief town of Cilicia Secunda.
It was nearly destroyed by a terrible earthquake under
Justinian. Anazarrtus -was the birthplace of Dioscor-
idesandOppian- The Turks call it, at the present day,
Ait-Ztrtth. (Cra. mer*a A. aia Minor, vol. 2, p. 354. )
Asc. *i:s, I. the son of Lycurgus and Cleophile, or,
according to others, Astypalsea, was in the expedition
of the Argonauts. He was also at the chase of the
Calydonian boar, in Which he perished. (ApoUod. , 3,
9. --H. , 1, 8. --Hyg-in. , fab. , 173 et 248. )--II. King
of Simos. and son of Neptune and Astypatea. He
went with the Argonauts, and succeeded Tiphys as pi-
lot of the snip Argo. rle reigned in Ionia, where he
married Samia, daughter of the Msander, by whom he
Bad four sons, Ferilas, Enudus, Samus, Alithersus, and
one daughter called Parthenope. He paid particular
attention to the culture of the vine, and on one occa-
wn was told by a slave, whom he was pressing with
hard labour in his vineyard, that he would never taste
of its produce. After the vintage had been gathered
in and the wine made, Ancsaus, in order to falsify the
prediction, was about to raise a cup of the liquor to his
bps, deriding, at the same time, the pretended prophet
(who, however, merely told him, in reply, that there
were many things between the cup and the lip), when
tadiags came that a boar had broken into his vineyard.
Throwing down the cup, with the untasted liquor,
Ancsus rushed forth to meet the animal, and lost his
life in the encounter. Hence arose the Greek proverb,
Multf caiu. nl inter calicem tupremajue labra.
The Latin translation is by Erasmus, who, as Dacier
thinks, read trrm for 7rt/-e<, a supposition not at all
probable, since "cadunt" gives the spirit, though not
the literal meaning, of TreTifi. --The story just given is
related somewhat differently by other writers, but the
pant in all ia the same. (Eustalh . ad II. , p. 77, ed.
Jtemi -- fettu*, *. <<. Manum. -- Aid. Gell. , 13, 17. --
Dmttcr, ad Feat. , I. c. )
A>>CALITE>>, a people of Britain, near the Atrebatii,
and probably a clan of that nation. Baxter supposes
thfm to have been the herdsmen and shepherds of the
. 1 trefcat ii. and to have possessed those parts of Oxford-
tktre and Buckinghamshire most proper for pasturage.
Horrfev, on the other hand, makes their country cor-
? ? respond to the modem Berkshire. But it is all uncer-
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? ANC
ANu
sacrificed himself for the good of his country, when
the earth had opened and swallowed up many build-
ings. The oracle had been consulted, and gave for
answer, that the gulf would never close if Midas did
not throw into it whatever ho had most precious.
Though the king cast in much gold and silver, yet the
gulf continued open, till Anchurus, thinking nothing
more precious than life, and regarding himself, there-
fore, as the most valuable of his father's possessions,
took a tender leave of his wife and family, and leaped
into the earth, which closed immediately over his head.
Midas erected there an altar of stone to Jupiter, and
that altar was the first object which he turned into
gold when he had received his fatal gift from the gods.
Every year, when the day Came round on which the
chasm had been first formed, the altar became one of
stone again; but, when this day had passed by, it
once more changed to gold. (Plut. , Parali. , p. 306. )
Ancile, a sacred shield, which fell from heaven in
the reign of Numa, when the Roman people laboured
under a pestilence. Upon the preservation of this
shield depended the fate of the Roman empire, ac-
cording to the admonition given to Numa by the nymph
Egeria, and the monarch therefore ordered eleven of
the same size and form to be made, that if ever any
attempt was made to cany them away, the plunderer
might find it difficult to distinguish the true one.
They were made with such exactness, that the king
promised Veturius Mamurius, the artist, whatever
reward he desired. ( Vid. Mamurius. ) They were
kept in the temple of Vesta, and an order of priests
was chosen to watch over their safety. These priests
were called Salii, and were twelve in number; they
carried every year, on the first of March, the shields
in a solemn procession through the streets of Rome,
dancing and singing praises to the god Mars. (Vid.
Salii. ) This sacred festival continued three days, du-
ring which every important business was stopped. It
was deemed unfortunate to be married on those days,
or to undertake any expedition. Hence Suetonius
(Oth. , 8) states, that Otho marched from Rome, on
his unsuccessful expedition against Vitellius, during
the festival of the Ancilia, "nulla religionum cvra,"
without any regard for sacred ceremonies, and Tacitus
(Hist. , 1, 8. 9) remarks, that many ascribed to this cir-
cumstance the unfortunate issue of the campaign.
The form of the ancile occurs in ancient coins. Rep-
resentations of it are also given by modern writers on
Roman Antiquities. (Consult Ltpsius, Mil. Bom. ;
Anal. , lib. 3, dial. 1. ) Plutarch, in explaining their
shape, remarks, "they are neither circular, nor yet,
like the pclta, semicircular, but fashioned in two crook-
ed indented lines, the extremities of which, meeting
close, form a curve (uynvhov). " According to this ety-
mology, the name should be written in Latin Ancyle.
Ovid says the shield was called ancile, " quod ab omni
? parte recusum est," a derivation much worse than Plu-
tarch's. The name is very probably of Etrurian ori-
gin, and the whole legend would appear to be a myth,
turning on the division of the Roman year into twelve
months by the fabulous Numa. (Plut. , Vit. Num. , c.
13. --Ovid, Fast. , 3, 377. )
Ancona, a city of Italy, on the coast of Picenum,
which still retains its name. The appellation is sup-
fiosed to be of Greek origin, and to express the angu-
ar form of the promontory on which the city is placed.
(Mela, 2, 4. --Procop. , Rcr. Got. , 2. ) This bold head-
? ? land was called Cumerium Promontorium: its modern
Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-26 09:05 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uva. x001045523 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? A. IVD
AND
ras found in modem times, a spurious in-
Kription on a temple erected in honour of Augustus,
which gives a history of the several actions and pub-
lic menu of Augustus, and which shows also that
he had been a great patron of the Ancyrani. Ancyra
is now called by the Turks Angouri, and by the Eu-
mfeaa An^oriL, and is the place whence the celebra-
ted shawls and hosiery made of goats' hair were ori-
ginally brought. Near this place, Bajazet was con-
quered and made prisoner by Timur, or, as the name
u commonly, though incorrectly, written, Tamerlane.
(Haanert, vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 46, aeqq. )--II. A town of
Phrygia, on the confines of Mysia. Strabo (576)
places it in the district of Abasitis, near the sources
of the river Makest us, which flows into the Rhyndacus.
(Mnaert,-ro\. 6, pt. 3, p. 111. )
. \>:I. I. "IT. K. gladiators who fought blindfolded,
irhence the proverb Anitaim/nrum more pugnare, to
denote rash and inconsiderate measures. The name
comes from the Greek. tiva6urai, because they fought
in chariots or on horseback. (Consult Erasmus,
CM. , p. 461. )
AsfDiSii, a city of Messenia, situate, according to
Piosanias (4, 33), at the distance of eight stadia from
Cjmasium- It had been the capital of Messenia he-
Cue the domination of the Heraclide. (Pausan. , 4,
3. ) Strabo (36O) places it on the road from Mcssene
lo Megalopolis. It is also mentioned by Livy (36, 31)
as situated between these two cities. Sir W. Gell
(Inn, p. 69) observed its ruins between Sakona and
Krfita, on a hill formed by the foot of Mount Tetrage.
(Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol. 3, p. 147. )
AjtDBcIvi or ANDES, a people of Gaul, east of the
Namnetes. and. lying along the northern bank of the
Liger or Loire. Their capital was Juliomagus, now
Amper*, and their territory corresponded in part to
what Va now the department de la Mayenne. (Cat. ,
B. G. , 2, 35. )
AXDES, I. a people of Gaul. Vid. Andecavi. --II. A
vulaoe near Mantua, where Virgil was bom. (Compare
Huron. . Chrm. Euseb. , Z, and Sil. Ital. , 8, 594. )
Tradition has long assigned to a small place, now
named Pietota, the honour of representing this birth-
place of Virgil ? . but as this opinion appears to derive
no support from the passages in which the poet is sup-
posed to speak of his own farm, the prevailing notion
arnona the learned seems to contradict the popular re-
port which identifies Andes with Pietola. (Maffci,
Verona UUtutr. , vol. 2, p. 1. --Vito, Memoric htoriche,
vol. 1, p. 31. --Bonelli, Mem. Mantor. , vol. 1, p. 120. )
ll may be observed, however, that Virgil's birthplace
and his form may not necessarily have been one and
the tame: in this case it would seem that no argument
could be objected to a local, but very ancient and well-
established tradition. (Cramer's'Ancient Italy, vol.
I, p. 69, teqq. )
A. VBOCIDB8, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras,
and born in the first year of the 78th Olympiad, B. C.
463. He commanded the Athenian fleet in the war
fcetween the Corinthians and Corcyreans, and was af-
terward accused of having been concerned in mutila-
ting the Hemue, or statues of Mercury, a crime of
which Alcibiades was regarded as one of the authors.
Andocides, having been arrested for this sacrilege, es-
caped punishment by denouncing his real or pretended
accomplices.
Photius informs us, that among these
was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of
? ? obtaining hie father's pardon. (Phot. , Bill. , vol. 2, p.
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? AND
Minos, and a new name is given him; Eurygyes
(Evpvyvjif), "the far-plougher,'1 or "the possessor of
wide-extended acres" (cvpi'f and ~)"i'ri), and it is worth
noticing, that, after having been slain, and previous
to his new appellation, he was reawakened to life by
-iCsculapius, or the sun. (Compare Hesych. , vol. 1,
p. 1332, ed. Alberti, and Creuzer's Symbolik, vol. 4,
p. 107. )
ANDROMACHF, a daughter of Eetion, king of Hy-
poplacian Thebe, in Mysia, married Hector, son of
Priam, and became the mother of Astyanax. She
was equally remarkable for her domestic virtues, and
for attachment to hcr-husband. In the division of the
prisoners by the Greeks, after the taking of Troy,
Andromache fell to the share of Pyrrhus, who carried
her to Epirus, where she became the mother of three
sons, Molossus, Pielus, and Pergamus. Pyrrhus sub-
sequently conceded her to Hclenus, the brother of
Hector, who had also been among the captives of the
prince. She reigned with Helcnus over part of Epirus,
and became by him the mother of Cestrinus. (Homer,
II. , 6, 22 ct 24. -- Virg. , JEn. , 3, 48o. --Hygin. , Fab. ,
123. )
ANDROMACHUS, I. an opulent Sicilian, father of the
historian Timtcus. He collected together the inhabi-
tants of the city of Naxos, which Dionysius the tyrant
had destroyed, and founded with them Tauromenium.
Andromachus, as prefect of the new city, subsequent-
ly aided Timoleon in restoring liberty to Syracuse.
(Diod. Sic. , 16, 7 ct 68. ) -- II. A general of Alex-
ander, to whom Parmenio gave the government of
Syria. He was burned alive by the Samaritans, but
his death was avenged by Alexander. (Quint. Curt. ,
4, 5. ) -- III. A brother-in-law of Selcucus Callinicus.
--IV. A traitor, who discovered to the Parthians all
the measures of Crassus, and, on being chosen guide,
led the Roman army into a situation whence there was
no mode of escape. --V. A physician of Crete in the
age of Nero: he was physician to the emperor, and
inventor of the famous medicine, called after him,
Tin i in-a Andromachi. It was intended at first as an
antidote against poisons, but became afterward a kind
of panacea. This medicine enjoyed so high a rep-
utation among the Romans, that the Emperor Antoni-
nus, at a later period, took some of it every day, and
had it prepared every year in his palace. It consisted
of 61 ingredients, the principal of which were squills,
opium, pepper, and dried vipers. ' This absurd com-
pound was in vogue even in modern times, as late as
1787, in Paris. (Galen, de Theriac. , p. 470. -- Id.
de Antidot. , lib. 1, p. 4333. -- Sprengel, Hist. Mcd. ,
vol. 2, p. 56. )
ANDROMEDA, a daughter of Cepheus, king of . . Ethi-
opia, by Cassiope. She was promised in marriage to
Phineus, her uncle, when Neptune inundated the coasts
of the country, and sent a sea-monster to ravage the
land, because Cassiope had boasted herself fairer than
Juno and the Nereides. The oracle of Jupiter Am-
iiinn being consulted, returned for answer that the
calamity could only be removed by exposing Androm-
eda to the monster. She was accordingly secured to
a rock, and expected every moment to be destroy-
ed, when Perseus, who was returning through the
air from the conquest of the Gorgons, saw her, and
was captivated with her beauty. He promised to de-
liver her and destroy the monster if he received her
in marriage as a reward. Cepheus consented, and
Perseus changed the sea-monster into a rock, by show-
? ? ing him Medusa's head, and unbound Andromeda.
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? ANI
la and the Romans. The modem name of the island
ii the same wilh the ancient, or else varies from it
ail; in dropping the iViiul letter. (Cramer's Ane.
Gnat. wl. 3, p. 41O. )
Aiuoiit, a town of Phocis, mentioned by Homer
(I, . . 531) in conjunction with Hyampolis, and
doubtless in the immediate vicinity of that city, with
rikb il was even sometimes confounded (Compare
the Frock Strain*, Ecciairciss. , No. 34, vol. 3, Ap-
fai. , p. 154. ) SStr. i! > > affirms, that it obtained its
nynr frnni the violent (fusts of wind which blew from
Mount Catopteriua, a peak belonging to the chain of
Parnassus He adds that it was named by some au-
thors . Vnemolea- (-SVraic/, 423. -- Cramer* Ancient
Grace, vol. 2, p. 186. )
AXGEUOK, an artist, invariably named in connexion
with Tecueiu, as his constant associate. It is uncer-
tain whether they excelled chiefly in casting brass or
in earring marble. They are supposed by Sillig to
ha** flourished about 548 B. C. Mention Is made in
particular, by the ancient writers, of a statue of Apol-
|j by these artists. According to Miiller, they imi-
tated a very ancient statue of the Delian Apollo, made,
u Plutarch states, in the time of Hercules. (Siliig,
Dxt. . lrt. ,i. v. )
Amu, a people of Germany, at the base of the Cher-
KKMSUS Cimbrica, in the country answering now to
the northeastern part of the Ducky of Hoistein.
From them the English have derived their name.
There ii still, at the present day, in that quarter, a
district called Angeln. (Tacit. , Germ. , 40. --Kid.
Suones. )
AXQEO. a river of Illyricum, pursuing a northern
course, according to Herodotus, and joining the Bron-
gus. which flows into the Danube. (Herodot. , 4, 49. )
A. xcciTii, or ANGITIA, a grove in the country of the
Marsi, to the west of the Lacus Fucinus. The name
ii derived, according to Soliuus, from a sister of Circe,
who dwelt in the vicinity. It is now Silva d'Albi.
(Sola. , S. --Serv. ad Virg. , JEn. , 7, 759. )
ASICETUS, I. a son of Hercules by Hebe, the god-
dcu of youth. (Apolloil . 2, 7. )--II. A frecdman who
directed the education of Nero, and became the instru-
ment of his crimes. It was he who encouraged the
emperor to destroy his mother Agrippina, and who
gave the first idea of the galley, which, by falling on a
sudden to pieces, through secret mechanism, was to
have accomplished this horrid purpose. (Suet. , Vit.
Ntr. )
ANICIA, Gera, a family at Rome, which, in the flour-
ishing times of the republic, produced many brave and
illustrious citizens.
Asictus G. ILLUS, I. triumphed over the Illyrians
and their king Gentius, and obtained the honors of a
triumph A. lT. C. 535. He obtained the consulship
A. U. C. 594, B. C. 150. --If. Probus. a Roman consul,
A. D. 371, celebrated for his humanity.
Axiom's, a river of Elis, in the district of Triphylia,
to the north of Lepneum. This stream formed into
marshes at its mouth, from the want of a fall to carry
off the water. The stagnant pool thus created ex-
haled an odour so fetid as to be perceptible at the dis-
tance of twenty stadia, andthe fish caught there were so
tainted with the infection that they could not be eaten.
(Strain, 346. ) Pausanias, however, affirms (5, 5) that
this miasma was not confined to the marshes, but could
be traced to the very source of the river. It was as-
cribed to the centaur's having washed the wounds in-
? ? flicted by Hercules's envenomed shafts in the stream.
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? ANNA COMNENA.
ANNALES.
monies attending her festival. It was a feast com-
memorative of the year and the spring, and the hymns
sung on this occasion bore the free and joyous charac-
ter of orgiastic strains. In them Anna Perenna was
entreated to make the entire year roll away in health
and prosperity (" Vt annarc perennareque commode
liceal. "--Macrob. , Sal. , 1, 12). Now, this new year,
this year full of freshness and of benefits invoked, is
no other than Anna herself, a personification of the old
lunar year. (Compare Hermann unit Creuzer, Briefe,
etc. , p. 135. ) Anna is the same word, in fact, as an-
nus, or anus according to the primitive Roman orthog-
raphy; in Greek Ivor; or Ivor, whence the expression
bill '? "' via, proving that the word carries with it the
accessory idea of antiquity, just as Hoc appears analo-
gous to vctus. (Compare Lcnnep, Etymol. Gr. , p.
