No More Learning

10. $ 3; Hy-
several geographical works. Suidas is not certain gin. Fab. 97 ; comp. Deion. )
[L. S. )
whether he was a native of the Pontic Heracleia, DIOMEDES (Aloundms). 1. A son of Tydeus
or whether he was not the same person as the and Dežpyle, the husband of Aegialeia, and the
physician Diogenianus of Heracleia Albace in Caria. successor of Adrastus in the kingdom of Argos,
Nothing is known of the contents or arrangement though he was descended from an Aetolian family.
of his Anthology. His Lexicon seems to have (Apollod. i. 8. § 5, &c. ) The Homeric tradition
heen much used by Suidas and Hesychius : and about him is as follows :-His father Tydeus fell
indeed some suppose the Lexicon of Hesychins to in the expedition against Thebes, while Diomedes
have been almost entirely taken from that of Dio- was yet a boy (Il. ri. 2. 2. 2); but he himself after-
genianus. A portion of it is still extant, containing wards was one of the Epigoni who took Thebes. (11.
à collection of proverbs, under the title Tapoiuiai | iv, 405; comp. Paus. ii. 20. 4. ) Diomedes went
δημώδεις εκ της Διογενιανού συναγωγής. Tlie | to Troy with Sthenelus and Eurvalus, carrying
work is in alphabetical order, and contains 775 with him in eighty ships warriors from Argos,
proverbs. It was first printed by Schottus, with Tiryns, Hermione, Asine, Troezene, Eionae, Epi-
the proverbs of Zenobius and Suidas, in his apol- daurus, Aegina, and Mases. (ii. 559, &c. ) In the
quial 'Examviraí, Antv. 1612, 4to. Better editions army of the Greeks before Troy, Diomedes was,
have been published by Gaisford, in his Paroemio- next to Achilles, the bravest among the heroes ;
graphi Graeci, Oxon. 1836, and by Leutsch and and, like Achilles and Odysseus, he enjoved the
Schneidewinn in their Corpus Paroemiogr. Graec. special protection of Athena, who assisted him in
There are passages in this work, which, unless all dangerous moments. (*: 826, vi. 98. x. 240,
they are interpolations, would point to a later date xi. 312; comp. Virg. Aen. i. 96. ) He fought
than that assigned by Suidas. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. with the most distinguished among the Trojans,
v. p. 109; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vi. Proleg. p. xlvi. ; such as Hector and Aeneias (viii. 110, &c. , v.
Leutsch and Schneid. Praef. p. xxvii. ) [P. S. ] | 310, &c. ), and even with the gods who espoused
DIOGENIANUS, FU'LVIUS, a consular the cause of the Trojans. He thus wounded
under Macrinus remarkable for his imprudent free- Aphrodite, and drove her from the field of battle (v.
dom of speech. The passage in Dion Cassius 335, 440), and Ares himself was likewise wounded
which contained some particulars with regard to by him. (v. 837. ) Diomedes was wounded by
this personage is extremely defective. He may Pandareus, whom, however, he afterwards slew
be the same with the Fulvius who was praefect of with many other Trojans. (v. 97, &c. ) In the
the city when Elagabalus was slain, and who pe- attack of the Trojans on the Greek camp. he and
rished in the massacre which followed that event. Odysseus offered a brave resistance, but Diomedes
(Dion Cass. Ixxviii. 36, lxxix. 21. ) (W. R. ] was wounded and returned to the ships. (xi. 320,
DIOGNE'TUS (Alójuntos). 1. Admiral of An- &c. ) He wore a cuirass made by Hephaestus, but
tiochus the Great, was commissioned, in B. c. 222, sometimes also a lion's skin. (viii. 195, x. 177. )
а


## p. 1025 (#1045) ##########################################

DIOMEDES.
1025
DIOMEDES.
At the funeral games of Patroclus he conquered in should be exposed to unceasing sufferings unless he
the chariot-race, and received a woman and a tri- restored the sacred image to the Trojans. (Sers.
pod as his prize. (xxiii. 373, &c. ) He also con- ad Acn. ii. 166, ji. 407, iv, 427, v. 81. )
quered the Telamonian Ajax in single combat, On his return from Troy, he had like other
and won the sword which Achilles had offered as heroes to suffer much from the enmity of Aphro-
the prize. (xxiii. 811, &c. ) lle is described in dite, but Athena still continued to protect him.
the Iliad in general as briive in war and wisc in lle was first thrown by a storm on the coast of
council (ix. 53), in battle furious like a mountain Lycin, where he was to be sacrificed to Ares by
torrent, and the terror of the Trojans, whom he king Licus; but Callirrhoe, the king's daughter,
chases before him, as a lion chases goats. (v. 87, took pity upon him, and assisted him in escaping.
xi. 382. ) lle is strong like a god (v. 884), and (Plut. Purall. Gr. et Rom. 23. ) On his arrival in
the Trojan women during their sacrifice to Athena Argos he met with an evil reception which had
pray to her to brenk his spear and to make him been prepared for him either by Aphrodite or
fall. (vi. 306. ) He himself knows no fear, and Nauplius, for his wife Aegialeia was living in adul-
refuses his consent when Agamemnon proposes to tery with Hippolytus, or according to others, with
take to flight, and he declares that, if all tiee, he cometes or Cyllabarus. (Dict_Cret. vi. 2 ; Tzetz.
and his friend Sthenelus will stay and fight till ad Lycoph. 609; Serv. ad Aen. viii. 9. ) lle there-
Troy shall fall. (ix. 32, &c. , comp. vii. 398, viii. fore quitted Argos either of his own accord, or he
151; Philostr. Iler. 1. )
was expelled by the adulterers (Tzetz. ad Lye.
The story of Diomedes, like those of other heroes 602), and went to Aetolia. His going to Aetolia
of the Trojan time, has received various additions and the subsequent recorery of Argos are placed in
and embellishments from the hands of later writers, some traditions immediately after the war of the
of which we shall notice the principal ones. After the Epigoni, and Diomedes is said to have gone with
expedition of the Epigoni he is mentioned among the Alcmaeon to assist his grandfather Oeneus in Aeto-
suitors of Helen (Hygin. Fub. 81 ; Apollod. iii. 10. lia against his enemies. During the absence of
§ 8), and his love of Helen induced him to join Diomedes, Agamemnon took possession of Argos ;
the Greeks in their expedition against 'Troy with but when the expedition against Troy was resolved
30 ships. (Hygin. Fal. 97. ) Being a relative of upon, Agamemnon from fear invited Diomedes and
Thersites, who was slain by Achilles, he did not Alcmaeon back to Argos, and asked them to take
permit the body of the Amazon Penthesileia to be part in the projected expedition. Diomedes alone
honourably buried, but dragged her by the feet accepted the proposal, and thus recovered Argos.
into the river Scamander. (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 993; (Strab. vii. p. 325, x. p. 462 ; comp. Hygin. Fal.
Dict. Cret. iv. 3. ) Philoctetes was persuaded by 175; Apollod. i. 8. $ 6; Paus. ii. 25. 5 2. ) Accord-
Diomedes and Odysseus to join the Greeks against ing to another set of traditions, Diomedes did not
Troy. (Soph. Philoct. 570, &c. ; Hygin. Fab. 102. ) go to Aetolia till after his return from Troy, when
Diomedes conspired with Odysseus against Pala- he was expelled from Argos, and it is said that he
medes, and under the pretence of having discovered went first to Corinth; but being informed there of
a hidden treasure, they let him down into a well the distress of Oeneus, he hastened to Aetolia to
and tbere stoned him to dcath. (Dict. Cret. ii. 15; assist him.
Diomedes conquered and slew the
comp. Paus. x. 31. § 1. ) After the death of enemies of his grandfather, and then took up his
Paris, Diomedes and Odysseus were sent into the residence in Aetolia. (Dict, Cret. vi. 2. ) Other
city of Troy to negotiate for peace (Dict. Cret, v. writers make him attempt to return to Argos, but
4), but he was afterwards one of the Greeks con- on his way home a storm threw him on the coast
cealed in the wooden horse. (Hygin. Fab. 108. ) of Daunia in Italy. Dannus, the king of the
When he and Odysseus had arrived in the arx of country, received him kindly, and solicited his
Troy by a subterraneous passage, they slew the assistance in a war against the Messapians. He
guards and carried away the palladium (Virg. Aen. promised in return to give him a tract of land and
ii. 163), as it was believed that Ilium could not be the hand of his daughter Euippe. Diomedes de-
taken so long as the palladium was within its feated the Messapians, and distributed their terri-
walls. When, during the night, the two heroes tory among the Dorians who had accompanied him
were returning to the camp with their precious In Italy Diomedes gave up his hostility against the
booty, and Odysseus was walking behind him, Trojans, and even assisted them against Turnus.
Diomedes saw by the shadow of his companion (Paus. i. 11; Serv, ad Aen. viii. 9. ) He died in
that he was drawing his sword in order to kill Daunia at an advanced age, and was buried in one
him, and thus to secure to himself alone the honour of the islands off cape Garganus, which were called
of having taken the palladium. Diomedes, how- after him the Diomedean islands. Subsequently,
erer, turned round, seized the sword of Odysseus, when Daunus too had died, the Dorians were con-
tied his hands, and thus drove him along before quered by the Illyrians, but were metamorphosed
him to the camp. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 822. ) by Zeus into birds. (Anton. Lib. 37; comp. Tzetz.
Diomedes, according to some, carried the palladium ad Lyc. 602, 618. ) According to Tzetzes, Dio-
with him to Argos, where it remained until medes was murdered by Daunus, whereas according
Ergiaeus, one of his descendants, took it away with to others he returned to Argos, or disappeared in
the assistance of the Laconian Leagrus, who con- one of the Diomedean islands, or in the country of
veyed it to Sparta. (Plut. Quaest. Graec. 48. ) Ac- the Heneti. (Strab. vi. p. 284. ) A number of
cording to others, Diomedes was robbed of the towns in the eastern part of Italy, such as Bene-
palladium by Demophon in Attica, where he land- ventum, Acquumtuticum, Argos Hippion (after-
ed one night on his return from Troy, without wards Argyripa or Arpi), Venusia or Aphro-
knowing where he was. (Paus. ii. 28. & 9. ) A disia, Canusium, Venaſrum, Salapia, Spina, Sipus,
third tradition stated, that Diomedes restored the Garganum, and Brundusium, were believed to
palladium and the remains of Anchises to Aeneias, have been founded by Diomedes. (Serr. ad den
because he was informed by an oracle, that he / viii. 9, xi. 240 ; Sirab. vi. pp. 283, 284; Pline
3 u


## p. 1026 (#1046) ##########################################

1026
DIOMEDES.
DIOMEDON.
:
IV. N. ii. 20; Justin, xii. 2. ) The worship and of Christian parents. He lived at Tarsus for some
service of gods and heroes was sprend by Diomedes time, and practised as a physician, but afterwards
far and wide: in and near Argos he caused temples removed 10 Nicaea in Bithynia, where he conti-
of Athena to be built (Plut. de Flum. 18; Paus. med till his death. We are told that he practised
ii. 24. § 2); his armour was preserved in a temple with great success, and used to endeavour, when-
of Athena at Luceria in Apulin, and a gold chain ever he had an opportunity, to convert his patients
of his was shewn in a temple of Artemis in Peuce- to Christianity. For his efforts in this cause he
tia. At Troezene he had founded a temple of Apollo was ordered to be brought before the emperor Dio-
Epibaterius, and instituted the Pythian games cletian, who at that time happened to be at Nico-
there. He himself was subsequently worshipped medeia in Bithynin, but died on his way thither,
as a divine being, capecially in Italy, where statues about the beginning of the fourth century after
of him existed at Argyripa, Metapontum, Thurii, Christ. A church was built at Constantino-
and other places. (Schol. ad Pind. Nem. x. 12; ple in his honour by Constantine the Great,
Scylax, Peripl. p. 6; comp. Strab. v. p. 214, &c. ) which was afterwards adorned and beautified by
There are traces in Greece also of the worship the emperor Basil I. in the ninth century. Ile is
of Diomedes, for it is said that he was placed commemorated by the Roinish and Greek churches
among the gods togсther with the Dioscuri,
on the 16th of August. (Acta Sanct. ; Bzovius,
and that Athena conferred upon him the immor- Nomenclator Sanctorum Professione Medicorum ,
tality which had been intended for his father Carpzovius, de Medicis ab Ecclesia pro Sunctis ha-
Tydeus. It has been conjectured that Diomedes litis; Menoloq. Graccorum. ) [11. A. G. )
is an ancient Pelasgian name of some divinity, who DIOʻMEDON ( Alouéówv), an Athenian com-
was afterwards confounded with the hero Diomedes, mander during the Peloponnesian war, came out
so that the worship of the god was transferred to early in the campaign of B. C. 412, the first after
the hero. (Böckh, Explicat. ad Pind. Nem. x. the Syracusan disaster, with a supply of 16 ships
p. 463. ) Diomedes was represented in a painting for the defence of Ionia. Chios and Miletus were
on the acropolis of Athens in the act of carrying already in revolt, and the Chians presently
away the Palladium from Troy (Paus. i. 22. $ 6), proceeded to attempt its extension to Lesbos.
and Polygotus had painted him in the Lesche at Diomedon, who had captured on his first arrival
Delphi. (x. 25. & 2, 10. $ 2. ) Comp. Brandstäter, four Chian ships, was soon after joined by Leon
Die Gesch. des Aetol. Land. p. 76, &c.
with ten from Athens, and the two commanders
2. A son of the great Diomedes by Euippe, the with a squadron of 25 ships now sailed for Lesbos.
daughter of Daunus. (Anton. Lib. 37. )
They recovered Mytilene at once, defeating the
3. A son of Ares and Cyrene, was king of the Chian detachment in the harbour ; and by this
Bistones in Thrace, and was killed by Heracles on blow were enabled to drive out the enemy and
account of his mares, which he fed with human secure the whole island, a service of the highest
flesh. (Apollod. ii. 5. § 8 ; Diod. iv. 15; Serv. importance. They also regained Clazomenae, and
ad Aen. i. 756. ) Hyginus (Fab. 250) calls him a from Lesbos and the neighbouring coast carried on
son of Atlas by his own daughter Asteria. [L. S. ] a successful warfare against Chios. (Thuc. viii.
DIOME'DÈS (Alounons), a Greek grammarian, 19——24. ) In this service it seems likely they
who wrote a commentary or scholia on the gram- were permanently engaged until the occasion, in
mar of Dionysius Thrax, of which a few fragments the following winter, when we find them, on the
are still extant. (Villoison, Anecd. pp. 99, 126, recommendation of Peisander, who with his oligar-
172, 183, 186; Bekker, Anecd. ii. ) He seems chical friends was then working for the recall of
also to have written on Homer, for an opinion of Alcibiades, placed in the chief command of the fieet
his on Homer is refuted by the Venetian Scholiast at Samos, superseding Phrynichus and Scironides.
on Homer (ad Il. ij. 252).
[L. S. ] After acting against Rhodes, now in revolt, they
DIOME'DES, the author of a grammatical trea- 1 remained, apparently, during the period of inaction
tise “ De Oratione et Partibus Orationis et Vario at the cominencement of the season of B. C. 411,
Genere Metrorum libri III. " We are entirely subordinate to Peisander, then at Samos. Hither-
ignorant of his history, but since he is frequently to he had trusted them : their appointment had
quoted by Priscian (e. g. lib. ix. pp. 861, 870, lib. been perhaps the result of their successful opera-
x. 879, 889, 892), he must have lived before the tions in Lesbos and Chios, and of a neutrality in
commencement of the 6th century. The work is party-matters : perhaps they had joined in his plan
dedicated to a certain Athanasinis, of whom we for the sake of the recall of Alcibiades, and now
know nothing whatsoever. It is remarked else that this project was given up, they drew back, and
where (CHARISICS], that a close correspondence saw moreover, as practical men, that the overthrow
may be detected between the above work and of democracy would be the signal for universal revolt
many passages in the Institutiones Grammaticae
to Sparta : Thucydides says that they were in-
of Charisius, and the same remark applies to fluenced by the honours they received from the
Maximus Victorinus.
democracy. For whatever reason, they now, on
Diomedes was first published in a collection of Peisander's departure, entered into communication
Latin Grammarians printed at Venice by Nic. with Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus, and, acting
Jenson, about 1476. It is to be found in the under their direction, crushed the oligarchical con-
Grammaticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui of Puis. spiracy among the Samians, and on hearing that
chius, 4to. Hanov. 1605, pp. 170--5-27. For cri- the government of the Four Hundred was estab-
tical emendations, consult Scioppius, Suspect. Lect. lished in Athens, raised the standard of indepen-
and Reurens, Collectanea Litteruria, Levden, 1815. dent democracy in the army, and recalled Aleibiades.
See also Osann, Beiträge zur Griech. u. höm. Lit. (viii. 54, 55, 73. )
(iesch. ii.