He has
translated
works by
Max Müller, Tyndall, Mill, and others.
Max Müller, Tyndall, Mill, and others.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
6, 1817.
He was a Physiocrat, or
adherent of Quesnay's theory that all value is
derived from land; and strove to propagate
this system in 'Physiocratie) (1768). Later he
became involved in the French Revolution,
took refuge in the United States, and founded a
great manufacturing house. His writings were
neglected till Jevons, the Duke of Argyll, and
later Henry George, revived the old Physio-
cratic idea.
Dupuy, Eliza Ann. An American story-
writer; born in Petersburg, Va. , about 1814;
died in New Orleans, January 1881. (The Con-
spirators, her first novel, has Aaron Burr as
the principal character. Most of her stories,
about forty in number, were published in the
New York Ledger.
Duran, Agustin (dö-rän'). A distinguished
Spanish critic (1789-1862), who had a decisive
influence on recent Spanish literature. His first
work, anonymous, (On the Decadence of the
Spanish Theatre) (1828), led to the reform of
the Spanish stage and its liberation from the
French yoke. Of still greater service in arous-
ing love for the native poesy was his Collec-
tion of Romanceros and Balladists) (5 vols. ,
1828-32). As a poet he won greatest distinc-
tion by his poem of chivalry (The Three
Citrons in the Garden of Love) (1856), written
in 15th-century Castilian.
Durand, Alice. See Gréville, Henry.
Durandi, Jacopo (dü-rän'dē). An Italian
dramatic poet and historian; born in Sant'
Agata, Vercelli, July 25, 1737; died in Turin,
Oct. 28, 1817. Armida) (1770) and (Hannibal
in Turin (1771) are his best-known plays; his
other gift displays itself in a (History of the
Ancient Peoples of Italy) (1769).
Durant, Gilles (dü-ron'). A French poet ;
born in Clermont, 1554; died at Paris, 1615 (? ).
He tried his hand at every species of metrical
composition, -odes, elegies, sonnets, and imi-
tations of the Psalms; but his important work
is contained in a "Menippean Satire,' written
to ridicule the League against Henry IV. ,-
the sub-title being 'Lamentation for a Leagued
Ass, that Died in 1990, when the States Were
in Session.
Duranti, Durante, Count (dö-rän'tē). An
Italian poet and orator (1718-80); born at
Brescia. Among his poetical writings, all char-
acterized by wit and refined taste, the best is
the didactic poem 'Use,' in which he portrays
his hero in the three periods of bachelor, hus-
band, and widower. He wrote two tragedies,
(Virginia' (1764) and Attilius Regulus) (1771);
and a volume, Rime,' containing miscellaneous
a
L
verse.
(
Duras, Claire Lechat de Kersaint, Duchess
of (dü-rä'). A French novelist; born in Brest,
1777; died in Paris, 1828. Well born, accom-
plished, and brilliantly married, she was seized
with the sentimental sickness of the day, and
wrote (Qurika) (1823), the tale of a negress
who fell in love with a white man; and (Ed-
ward) (1825), a novel in which it was the
gentleman's turn to throw his heart in an in-
discreet direction.
Durbin, John Price. An American clergy-
man and miscellaneous writer; born in Bour.
bon County, Ky. , in 1800; died in New York
city, Oct. 17, 1876. He contributed extensively
to current literature, and was the author of
(Observations in Europe, Principally in France
and Great Britain) (2 vols. , 1844); and (Obser-
vations in Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and Asia
Minor) (2 vols. , 1845).
D'Urfey, Thomas, usually called Tom. An
English dramatist and poet; born in Exeter,
1653; died in London (? ), Feb. 26, 1723. He
was a good-natured, simple-hearted, thoroughly
vulgar and unliterary writer. His dramas, com-
edies, operas, tragedies, and songs, are exactly
like what Sancho Panza would have written
if he had
to letters Many, like (The
Siege of Memphis) (1676), an extravagant
## p. 158 (#174) ############################################
158
DURINGSFELD - DUYCKINCK
(
tragedy, and (The Plotting Sisters) (1691), a
comedy, are vestured in a regal pomp of verbi-
age; others, like the (Songs Complete) (1699),
are of virginal simplicity, but not of virginal
modesty.
Düringsfeld, Ida von (dör'ings-feld). A Ger.
man story-teller (1815-76); born at Militsch in
Lower Silesia. Her (Poems) (1835) and the
cycle of stories (The Star of Andalusia) (1838)
were issued under the pseudonym “Thekla,"
and yearly volumes thereafter anonymously or
pseudonymously; (The Women of Byron) ap-
peared in her own name in 1845, when she
married Otto von Reinsberg. Extensive travels
later bore fruit in numerous stories, collections
of national songs, descriptions of national
usages, etc. ; all were highly prized, including
in the latter line : (Proverbs of German and
Roumanian Speech' (2 vols. , 1872-75); and
(The Wedding Book : Usages and Beliefs Re-
garding the Wedding among the Christian
Nations of Europe) (1871).
Durivage, Francis Alexander. An Ameri-
can author, nephew of Edward Everett ; born
in Boston, Mass. , 1814; died in 1881. He con-
tributed light literature in prose and verse to
magazines; wrote novelettes ; and jointly with
W. S. Chase translated Lamartine's History
of the Revolution of 1848. He was also author
of several plays, and of Life Scenes from the
World around Us) (1853); (Cyclopædia of His-
tory); and (The Fatal Casket.
Duruy, Georges (dü-rüe'). A French writer
on history; born in 1853, at Paris, where he
became professor of French literature in the
Polytechnic School in 1891. He wrote some
novels that became popular favorites, as “The
Lifeguard); (A Soul's Victory); (Dream-End. '
His principal historical works are: “History of
Turenne); (Short Popular History of France. )
His Cardinal Carlo Carafa: a Study on the
Pontificate of Paul IV. (1883) was crowned
by the Academy.
Duruy, Victor. A distinguished French his-
torian; born at Paris, Sept. 11, 1811 ; died 1894.
He assisted Napoleon III. in compiling (The
Life of Julius Cæsar, and was made minister
of public instruction in 1863. Among his his-
torical works are: (History of the Romans)
(2 vols. , 1843); (State of the Roman World
toward the Time of the Founding of the Em-
pire) (1853); (General Introduction to the His-
tory of France) (1865); History of the Greeks)
(3 vols. , 1886). He also wrote the greater part
of a (Universal History. His works have been
translated in part under Professor Mahaffy's
editorship. *
Dutra É Mello, Antonio Francisco (dö'trä
ā mel'o). A Brazilian poet; born in Rio Janeiro,
Aug. 8, 1823; died Feb. 22, 1843. His verses
are considered among the best of South Amer-
ican poetry. Among his choicest works are :
(A'noite Inspiracão Poetica); (A’noite de S.
Toão); and Historia Critica da Lingua Latina. '
Dutt, Toru (dot). A Hindow poet (1856-77).
She received a good European education, and
had the advantage of four years' travel in the
West. She translated into English many French
poems,- from Béranger, Gautier, Coppée, etc. ,
-- and a collection of these was published as
(A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields) (1876).
She also rendered into English some of the
Ancient Ballads of Hindustan. She wrote in
French a story : Miss d'Arvers's Diary *
Duval, Alexandre (dü-väl'). A French
dramatist (1767-1842); born at Rennes. He
served in the French fleet during the American
Revolutionary War, and on his return to France
was an engineer and architect; but finally de-
voted himself to writing plays which won great
favor from their skillful construction, interesting
situations, and fine dialogue. The best are:
(Edward in Scotland ); (The Domestic Ty.
rant); (The Chevalier of Industry. He wrote
the text of the very successful opera Joseph
in Egypt.
Duvar, John Hunter. See Hunter-Duvar.
Duvergier d'Hauranne, Prosper (dü-verzh-
yā' dõ-rän'). A French political writer; born
in Rouen, Aug. 3, 1798; died in Paris, May 19
or 22, 1881. Prominent in politics, his writings
reflect his opinions; particularly his Princi-
ples of Representative Government! (1838)
and History of Parliamentary Government in
France) (1857-73).
Duveyrier, Charles (dü-vā-ryā'). A French
dramatist (1803-66); born at Paris. He was a
disciple of Saint-Simon, and passed a year in
jail for a newspaper article on Woman's Place
under the Saint-Simonian system. From un-
successful he grew to be a successful play.
wright, especially in collaboration. Of the 300
or more pieces which bear his name, there may
be mentioned: (Frontin the Husband-Bache-
lor); Valerie, in which Malle. Mars made a
brilliant success; (The Cat Metamorphosed into
a Woman); (Figaro's Daughter); “The Burgo-
master of Saardam.
Dux, Adolf (döx). A Hungaro-German poet
(1822-81); born at Poszony (Presburg). He
made admirable versions of Hungarian poems
and novels into German, including those of
Katona, Arany, Jókai, Gyulai, and Eötvös. He
was the first to translate Petöfi's Select Poems.
His own works comprise novels and studies in
literary history.
Duyckinck, Evert Augustus. An American
author; born in New York city, Nov. 23, 1816;
died there, Aug. 13, 1878. Graduating from
Columbia College, he studied law, was admitted
to the bar in 1837, and went to Europe for a
year, after which he devoted himself to litera.
ture, in which he was fertile and successful.
In 1847 he edited the Literary World. In 1854,
with his brother George, he prepared the 'Cy-
clopædia of American Literature ) (2 vols. ,
1855; enlarged eds. 1865 and 1875). He was
a voluminous and successful writer, and added
much to the literature of his times. His last
work was the preparation, with William Cullen
Bryant, of an edition of Shakespeare.
## p. 159 (#175) ############################################
DUYCKINCK – DZIERZKOVSKI
159
3
1
Duyckinck, George Long. An American
prose-writer; born in New York, Oct. 17, 1823;
died there, March 30, 1863. He graduated at
the University of New York in 1843, and was
admitted to the bar, but did not practice. With
his brother Evert he edited the Literary World
and prepared the "Cyclopædia of American
Literature); he also wrote several biographies.
Duyse, Prudens van (doi'ze). A Flemish
poet (1804-59); born at Dendermonde. He
was a very prolific author, and wrote poems of
every kind, - epic, lyric, dramatic. They are
all mediocre, but served to reawaken a love of
the Flemish tongue. He wrote many valuable
works on Flemish history.
Dwight, John Sullivan. An American mu-
sical critic; born at Boston, May 13, 1813; died
Sept. 5, 1893. After two years in the Unitarian
ministry, he became one of the founders of
Brook Farm, and was editor of its organ the
Harbinger. In 1852 he established Dwight's
Journal of Music, in which appeared most of
his scholarly musical criticisms. His best-
known poem is "God Save the State. *
Dwight, Theodore. An American journal-
ist, brother of Timothy; born Dec. 15, 1764;
died June 12, 1846. He was a well-known
Federalist, a Member of Congress, and wrote
History of the Hartford Convention (of 1814)
and Character of Thomas Jefferson.
Dwight, Theodore. An American miscel.
laneous prose-writer, son of Theodore; born
March 3, 1796; died Oct. 16, 1866. He wrote
'Tour in Italy); (Summer Tour in New Eng.
land”; (The Northern Traveler); 'The Kan-
sas War); Life of Garibaldi); besides gazet-
teers, histories, and school-books.
Dwight, Timothy. An American Congre.
gational clergyman of great distinction; born
in Northampton, Mass. , May 14, 1752; died in
New Haven, Conn. , Jan. II, 1817. He was
president of Yale College from 1795 to 1817,
and was a very conspicuous figure in theology
and education. His “Theology Explained and
Defended consists of a course of 173 sermons
which has passed through as many as a hun-
dred editions. In addition to theological works
he wrote “Essay on Light); (Observations on
Language);(Travels in New England and New
York,' which is still widely quoted. He also
wrote verse : an epic called (The Conquest of
Canaan); Greenfield Hill,' a pastoral; “The
Triumph of Infidelity,' a satire.
Dwight, Timothy. An American Congre-
gational clergyman; born in Norwich, Conn. ,
Nov. 16, 1828 ; grandson of Timothy Dwight.
He is now president of Yale University, to
which post he was elected in 1886. He was
one of the members of the New Testament
Revision Committee. He has published (The
True Ideal of an American University)
Dyce, Alexander. An English literary critic
and historian; born in Edinburgh, June 30,
1798; died in London, May 19, 1869. As editor
of definitive editions of the British poets, he
has rendered lasting service to the native Par-
nassus; his capital achievements, Works of
Shakespeare) (1853-58) and (A Few Notes on
Shakespeare' (1853), leaving little room for
improvement, although subsequent discoveries
may supplement them.
Dyer, Sir Edward. An English elegiac poet;
born at Sharpham Park, Somersetshire; died
in London (? ), May (? ) 1607. An elegant
courtier, he advanced himself in royal favor
by court verse. "My Mind to Me a Kingdom
Is) is the best of his effusions. His works,
(The Shepherd's Conceit of Prometheus) and
other poems, were not collected until 1872.
Dyer, John. An English didactic and de-
scriptive poet; born in Aberglasney, Wales, in
1700 or 1699 ; died in Lincolnshire (? ), July 24,
1758. He presented himself before the Muses
with (Grongar Hill (1726), an engaging but
excessively correct piece of poetry; nor did he
unbend until (The Ruins of Rome) (1740) in-
spired him. His final effort, (The Fleece)
(1757), was suffused with tender romanticism.
Dyer, Sidney. An American poet and prose
writer; born in Cambridge, N. Y. , Feb. 11, 1814.
He published a volume of poems entitled
(Voices of Nature (1850); (Songs and Ballads )
(1857); “Great Wonders in Little Things)
(1871); "Ocean Gardens and Palaces) (1877);
(Elmdale Lyceum (1879); etc. ; also Psalm-
ist for the Use of Baptist Churches.
Dyer, Thomas Henry. An English histo-
rian; born in London, May 4, 1804; died at
Bath, Jan. 30, 1888. He traveled and studied
for years to prepare a History of Modern
Europe) (1861); (History of the City of Rome)
(1865); and (Ancient Athens) (1873); all monu-
ments of learning and critical insight.
Dygasiuski, Adolf (di-gäs-in'skē). A Polish
story-writer; born in the Russo-Polish govern-
ment of Kjebzy in 1839. His stories are re-
markable for charming descriptions of scenery;
among them : "On the Manor); (From Village,
Field, and Forest) (1887); From City and
Country) (1889).
He has translated works by
Max Müller, Tyndall, Mill, and others.
Dyherrn, Baron George von (dē'hārn). A
German poet and novelist ; born in Glogau,
Jan. I, 1848; died in Rothenburg, Silesia, Dec.
27, 1878. He wrote many poems and tales of
great merit; (In the Still Hour' (1870) being a
collection of his best verse, and (From Society)
(1880) and Heights and Depths) (1881), his
ablest fictions.
Dzierzkovski, Joseph (tsertsſköf-ske). A
Polish novelist (1807-65); born at Xaverov,
Galicia, in 1807; died in Lemberg, Jan. 13, 1865.
He loves to contrast the selfish dissipation of
the upper classes with the humble virtues of
the lowly. (Salon and Street) (1847); (The
Twins) (1854); (The Jugglers) (1855); (The
Crown of Thorns) (1856), are noteworthy ;
(Polish Chivalry) (1858), a historical novel, is
one of his best. He also wrote a drama, “The
Spark of Poesy) (1860).
2
1
.
!
1
1
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EADIE - EATON
E
Eadie, John. A Scotch religious writer; born ' of Sketches of the Origin, Progress, and Et-
at Alva, Stirlingshire, May 9, 1810; died in fects of Music, with an Account of the Ancient
Glasgow, June 3, 1876 (not 1870). He wrote Bards and Minstrels) (1793), met with very
on theology with great vogue among the un- general approval.
learned; his books including The Divine
Love) (1855), Paul the Preacher) (1859), etc. ,
Eastlake, Sir Charles Locke. An English
artist, and critic and historian of art; born in
in addition to scholarly treatises and com-
Plymouth, Nov. 17, 1793; died in Pisa, Italy,
mentaries.
Dec. 14, 1865. His paintings were noteworthy;
Eadmer or Edmer. A British historian and
and in such books as Materials for a History
biographer, who lived, a monk, at Canterbury,
of Oil Painting' (1847–69) and History of the
between 1090 and 1115, and died about 1124.
Gothic Revival (1871), he manifests taste and
An enduring fame has been the outcome of his
discrimination.
(History of Recent Events) (Historia Novo-
rum); "Life of St. Anselm); and other works.
Eastman, Charles Gamage. An American
poet; born in Fryeburg, Me. , June 1, 1816; died
Eagles, John. An English artist, art critic,
in Burlington, Vt. , 1861. He published (1848)
and poet; born in Bristol, 1783; died at Clifton,
a volume of Poems) descriptive of rural life
Nov. 8, 1855. He contributed essays on art to
in New England, and marked by a high de-
periodicals, and brought out “The Sketcher,' a
gree of metrical finish. He edited the Ver.
collection of miscellaneous prose and verse.
mont Patriot at Montpelier from 1846 until his
A book of (Sonnets) appeared posthumously. death, and was a contributor of poetry to
Earle, Mrs. Alice Morse. An American magazines.
writer; born in Massachusetts in 1851. She has
Eastman, Julia Arabella. An American
written extensively upon the manners and cus-
story-writer; born in Fulton, N. Y. , July 17,
toms of the colonial period in New England
1837
Included in her juvenile story-books
and New York. Among her numerous works
are : (Short Comings and Long Goings (1869);
are : Curious Punishments of Bygone Days);
(Beulah Romney) (1871); and (Young Rick!
(Customs and Fashions in Old New England);
(1875). She also contributed sketches and po.
(Colonial Dames and Goodwives); 'Colonial
ems to magazines.
Days in Old New York. )
Earle, John. An English clergyman and
Eastman, Mary (Henderson). An Ameri-
can prose-writer; born in Warrenton, Va. , in
author; born in York, England, in 1601; died
1818. She has published : Dacotah, or Life
at Oxford, Nov. 17, 1665. He was chaplain and
tutor to Charles II. , and his companion in
and Legends of the Sioux? (1849); Romance
exile ; later Bishop of Worcester. His literary
of Indian Life) (1852); (Tales of Fashionable
fame is due to the famous Microcosmographie,
Life (1856); and many stories and sketches.
or a Peece of the World discovered in Essayes Eastwick, Edward Backhouse. An English
and Characters) (1628), a series of sketches Orientalist and diplomatist; born in Berkshire
full of wit and humor, which throw much light in 1814; died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, July
on the social condition of the time.
16, 1883. He was a voluminous writer on Ori-
Early, Jubal Anderson. An American gen-
ental (especially East-Indian) subjects, and has
eral and lawyer; born in Franklin County,
rendered very important service to English
Va. , Nov. 3, 1816; died March 2, 1894. He literature by many translations from Persian
graduated from West Point in 1837; served in and Hindu: e. g. , Sadi's “Gulistan) or (The
the Seminole War (1837-38); resigned in 1838
Rose Garden in 1852, and the version of Pil-
to study law; and was prominent in the Mexi-
pay's fables called (Anvār-i-Suhaili in 1854.
can War (1847–48). He became a Confederate
He also wrote a Journal of a Diplomat's
major-general in the Civil War; took part
Three-Years' Residence in Persia! (2 vols. ,
at Bull Run and Gettysburg, and in 1864 in-
1864), and “Venezuela,' or 'Sketches of Life in
vaded Maryland, but was checked by Sheri-
a South-American Republic) (1868). Between
dan. After the war he practiced law at
1878 and 1882 he brought out a sumptuous
Richmond and Lynchburg, Va. , and New Or. | 2-vol. edition of the Kaisar-nama-i-hind,' or
leans, La. His works include: A Memoir of
(Lay of the Empress. He was a frequent
the Last Year of the War for Independence
contributor to literary journals.
in the Confederate States) (1867) ; 'Campaigns
Eaton, Arthur Wentworth Hamilton. An
of General Lee) (1872).
American clergyman and author; born in Nora
Eastcott, Richard. An English writer on Scotia in 1849. He is a minister of the Epis-
music; born at Exeter, about 1740; died at copal Church in New York city. Among his
Livery Dale (? ), Devonshire, 1828. A volume works are: 'The Heart of the Creeds) (1838);
## p. 161 (#177) ############################################
EBELING – EÇA DE QUEIROZ
161
1
1
.
.
(Acadian Legends and Lyrics) (1889); “Tales
of a Garrison Town' (with C. L. Betts).
Ebeling, Adolf (a'bel-ing). A German de-
scriptive and historical writer ; born in Ham-
burg. Oct. 24, 1827. Living Pictures from
Modern Paris) (1863-67); (Rainbows in the
East) (1868), a series of Oriental epics, legends,
or ghazels; Napoleon III. and his Court)
(1891-93); are the fruit of large travel and
study. He has written also many biograph-
ical studies and travel sketches.
Ebeling, Christoph Daniel. A German
scholar and historian; born in Hildesheim,
about 1741; died in Hamburg, June 30, 1817.
He was for many years professor of history
and Greek at Hamburg. His chief work is a
"Geography and History of North America)
15 vols. , 1793-99), for which he received a vote
of thanks from Congress.
Eberhard, Christian August Gottlob (ā'ber-
härd). A German poet and descriptive writer;
born in Belzig, Jan. 12, 1769; died in Dresden,
May 13, 1845. His verse is a reminiscence of
the 18th-century style and of the school of
Gleim, the idyl 'Little Hans and the Cookie)
(1822) and Various Poems) (1833) eminently
50. His best prose is in Italy as It Impressed
Me) (1839).
Eberhard, Johann August. A German phil-
osophical writer; born in Halberstadt, Aug. 31,
1739; died in Halle (? ), Jan. 6, 1809. He first
attracted attention with a "New Apology (or
plea] of Socrates) (1772), an attack upon the
narrow theology of the day, to which succeeded
'Universal History of Philosophy) (1788);
Handbook to Asthetic) (1803-5); and other
works from a Wolfian standpoint, in harmony
with Leibnitz and opposition to Kant.
Ebers, Georg Moritz (ā'bers). A distin-
guished German Egyptologist and novelist;
born at Berlin, March 1, 1837. His series of his-
torical romances comprise in sequence: An
Egyptian Princess) (1864); (Uarda! (1877);
Homo Sum) (1878); (The Sisters) (1879);
'The Emperor) (1880); “Serapis) (1885); “The
Bride of the Nile' (1886); Joshua) (1889); ( Per
Aspera' (1892); (Cleopatra' (1894); and (Eli-
fen, in verse (1888). The first two have
been translated into many languages. Between
times he has written several other historical
novels; including (The Burgomaster's Wife)
(1881), of the Spanish domination in the Low
Countries. His contributions to Egyptology
are also numerous. *
Ebert, Johann Arnold (ā'bert). A German
translator and poet; born in Hamburg, Feb. 8,
1723; died in Brunswick, March 19, 1795. His
friend Klopstock addressed a pleasing ode to
him. He is better known through his trans-
lations of Young's Night Thoughts) and other
poems than by his own work, which appears in
Epistles and Miscellaneous Verse) (1789).
Ebert, Karl Egon. An Austrian poet and
dramatist (1801-82); born at Prague. He be-
gan with dramas of Bohemian history, many
of which were staged but only one printed,
(Wratislav and Jutta) (1835). As a lyric
poet and balladist he was more successful;
his Poems) (1824) contain fine lyrics, and
(Schwerting the Saxon Duke) is still high in
popular favor. His longer poems -(Vlasta, a
National Hero-Poem of Bohemia,' and 'The
Monastery, are Auent in style, pure and ele.
gant in language. (A Monument to Karl Egon,
Prince of Fürstenberg) consists of a garland of
sonnets; (Devout Meditations of a Man of the
World' is a didactic poem.
Ebner-Eschenbach, Baroness Marie von
(āb'ner esh'en-bach). An eminent Austrian
novelist and poet; born (Countess Dubsky) at
Castle Zdislavic, Moravia, Sept. 13, 1830. Be-
ginning in 1860 as a playwright, Mary Stuart
in Scotland) (1860) and the tragedy (Marie
Roland, with the one-act dramas (Doctor Rit-
ter,' (Violets,' and (The Disconsolate One,'
were but moderately successful. Turning to
fiction, "The Princess of Banalia) (1872), a
satiric tale, made little impression; but (Two
Countesses) (1885), a story of Austrian high so-
ciety, met with striking favor, and its succes-
sors place her among the great writers. They
include: (Tales of Village and Castle'; (The
Child of the Parish); (The Rival. She has
epic power, keen psychological insight, and
quick sensibility; and is unsurpassed in grace
of form and precision of style.
Ebrard, Johannes Heinrich August
(ā'brärd). A German Protestant theological
writer, dramatist, and literary critic; born in
Erlangen, Jan. 18, 1818; died there, July 23,
1888. He led a general reform movement in
theology, producing : Philosophical Criticism of
Evangelical History) (1842); (The Dogma of
the Last Supper and its History) (1845-46);
(Practical Theology (1856); etc. ; while under
the pseudonym of “Gottfried Flammberg” he
wrote Duplessis-Mornay) (1859), and other
dramas, and "A Life in Song) (2d ed. 1872), a
collection of verse. His other pseudonym,
“Christian Deutsch, has served in connection
with (Stephen Klinger) (1872), a play, and
studies of the Ossian creations.
Ebsworth, Joseph. An English dramatist
and musician; born in London, Oct. 10, 1788;
died in Edinburgh, June 22, 1868. He wrote,
adapted, or translated many successful plays;
among them (The Rival Valets) (1825), a
comedy drama, and “The Crusaders' (1850–51),
a drama. He was an adapter rather than a
creator. His songs, learning, and versatility
made him a distinguished figure in Edinburgh
circles. He wrote also in collaboration with
his wife, Mary Emma (Fairbrother).
Eça de Queiroz, José Maria (ā'sä dė kā.
roz). A Portuguese novelist; born at Póvoa
do Varzim, Nov. 25, 1845. At first a journalist,
he traveled and was in the consular service in
many parts of the world. He introduced the
naturalistic school into Portugal. His powers
of observation and description are great, and
in his novels -(The Crime of Father Amaro)
))
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162
ECHARD -- EDERSHEIM
(1874, rewritten in 1880); ( The First Monk
of St. Basil) (1877); (A Relic) (1886) - he
portrays in master strokes the failings of
Portuguese society. His strange, half real-
istic, half fanciful story, (The Relic, weaves
into a narrative of Oriental travel a dramatic
representation of the Passion of Christ in the
form of a dream. In collaboration with Ra-
malho-Ortigảo he wrote the spirited tale of
adventure, (The Mystery of Cintra Street.
Echard or Eachard, Laurence. An English
historian; born at Barsham, Suffolk, 1670 (? );
died at Lincoln, Aug. 16, 1730. A clergyman
and a scholar, his History of England from
the First Entrance of Julius Cæsar and the
Romans to the End of the Reign of James the
First) (1707) contains a wealth of information,
including the particulars of Cromwell's inter-
view with the Devil on the morning of the
battle of Worcester. Other historical and schol-
arly works increased his reputation.
Echegaray, José (ā-cha-gär-ā'). A notable
Spanish dramatist; born in Madrid, 1832. He
is author of several treatises on mechanics and
civil engineering, and was for a time minister
of commerce and of public instruction. Since
1874, when the production of “The Avenger's
Bride opened a new and brilliant life for the
Spanish stage, he has given himself wholly to
the drama; producing in a few years thirty
plays rich in imagination, dramatic force, and
lyric talent, though with the true Spaniard's
love of the horrible. Of his greatest pieces
may be named : (The Great Galeotto); (Mad.
man or Saint); (Conflict between Two Duties);
(A Merry Life and a Sad Death. ' *
Echeverria, Estéban (ā-chā vā-rē'ä). A nota-
ble Argentine poet; born in Buenos Ayres,
1809; died in Montevideo, 1851. He published
a book of Rhymes) at 19; passed some time
in France, became a devotee of Byron and
Lamartine, and on his return published an-
other volume whose exuberance explains its
failure. But later volumes of short poems
(Counsels ); «The Female Captives); (Guitar)
prove him a genuine poet.
Eckardt, Ludwig (eck'ärt). An Austrian lit.
erary historian, essayist, and dramatist ; born in
Vienna, May 16, 1827; died at Tetchen, Bohemia,
Feb. I, 1871. His career was one of vicissitudes
owing to his political opinions, but he wrote:
Josephine, a drama; Lectures on Goethe's
Torquato Tasso) (1852); Dramatic Studies)
(1853); and other critical and biographical
studies, attaining distinction as a scholar.
Eckermann, Johann Peter (ek'er-män). A
German poet (1792-1854); born at Winsen in
Hanover. He has permanent place in litera-
ture through his deeply affectionate record of
"Conversations with Goethe in the Last Years
of his Life) (2 vols. , 1823-32); it has been trans-
lated into nearly all the languages of Europe,
even Turkish. He edited the 40-vol. edition
of Goethe's works (1839-40).
Eckstein, Ernst (ek'stin). A German hu-
morist, poet, and novelist; born at Giessen, Feb.
adherent of Quesnay's theory that all value is
derived from land; and strove to propagate
this system in 'Physiocratie) (1768). Later he
became involved in the French Revolution,
took refuge in the United States, and founded a
great manufacturing house. His writings were
neglected till Jevons, the Duke of Argyll, and
later Henry George, revived the old Physio-
cratic idea.
Dupuy, Eliza Ann. An American story-
writer; born in Petersburg, Va. , about 1814;
died in New Orleans, January 1881. (The Con-
spirators, her first novel, has Aaron Burr as
the principal character. Most of her stories,
about forty in number, were published in the
New York Ledger.
Duran, Agustin (dö-rän'). A distinguished
Spanish critic (1789-1862), who had a decisive
influence on recent Spanish literature. His first
work, anonymous, (On the Decadence of the
Spanish Theatre) (1828), led to the reform of
the Spanish stage and its liberation from the
French yoke. Of still greater service in arous-
ing love for the native poesy was his Collec-
tion of Romanceros and Balladists) (5 vols. ,
1828-32). As a poet he won greatest distinc-
tion by his poem of chivalry (The Three
Citrons in the Garden of Love) (1856), written
in 15th-century Castilian.
Durand, Alice. See Gréville, Henry.
Durandi, Jacopo (dü-rän'dē). An Italian
dramatic poet and historian; born in Sant'
Agata, Vercelli, July 25, 1737; died in Turin,
Oct. 28, 1817. Armida) (1770) and (Hannibal
in Turin (1771) are his best-known plays; his
other gift displays itself in a (History of the
Ancient Peoples of Italy) (1769).
Durant, Gilles (dü-ron'). A French poet ;
born in Clermont, 1554; died at Paris, 1615 (? ).
He tried his hand at every species of metrical
composition, -odes, elegies, sonnets, and imi-
tations of the Psalms; but his important work
is contained in a "Menippean Satire,' written
to ridicule the League against Henry IV. ,-
the sub-title being 'Lamentation for a Leagued
Ass, that Died in 1990, when the States Were
in Session.
Duranti, Durante, Count (dö-rän'tē). An
Italian poet and orator (1718-80); born at
Brescia. Among his poetical writings, all char-
acterized by wit and refined taste, the best is
the didactic poem 'Use,' in which he portrays
his hero in the three periods of bachelor, hus-
band, and widower. He wrote two tragedies,
(Virginia' (1764) and Attilius Regulus) (1771);
and a volume, Rime,' containing miscellaneous
a
L
verse.
(
Duras, Claire Lechat de Kersaint, Duchess
of (dü-rä'). A French novelist; born in Brest,
1777; died in Paris, 1828. Well born, accom-
plished, and brilliantly married, she was seized
with the sentimental sickness of the day, and
wrote (Qurika) (1823), the tale of a negress
who fell in love with a white man; and (Ed-
ward) (1825), a novel in which it was the
gentleman's turn to throw his heart in an in-
discreet direction.
Durbin, John Price. An American clergy-
man and miscellaneous writer; born in Bour.
bon County, Ky. , in 1800; died in New York
city, Oct. 17, 1876. He contributed extensively
to current literature, and was the author of
(Observations in Europe, Principally in France
and Great Britain) (2 vols. , 1844); and (Obser-
vations in Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and Asia
Minor) (2 vols. , 1845).
D'Urfey, Thomas, usually called Tom. An
English dramatist and poet; born in Exeter,
1653; died in London (? ), Feb. 26, 1723. He
was a good-natured, simple-hearted, thoroughly
vulgar and unliterary writer. His dramas, com-
edies, operas, tragedies, and songs, are exactly
like what Sancho Panza would have written
if he had
to letters Many, like (The
Siege of Memphis) (1676), an extravagant
## p. 158 (#174) ############################################
158
DURINGSFELD - DUYCKINCK
(
tragedy, and (The Plotting Sisters) (1691), a
comedy, are vestured in a regal pomp of verbi-
age; others, like the (Songs Complete) (1699),
are of virginal simplicity, but not of virginal
modesty.
Düringsfeld, Ida von (dör'ings-feld). A Ger.
man story-teller (1815-76); born at Militsch in
Lower Silesia. Her (Poems) (1835) and the
cycle of stories (The Star of Andalusia) (1838)
were issued under the pseudonym “Thekla,"
and yearly volumes thereafter anonymously or
pseudonymously; (The Women of Byron) ap-
peared in her own name in 1845, when she
married Otto von Reinsberg. Extensive travels
later bore fruit in numerous stories, collections
of national songs, descriptions of national
usages, etc. ; all were highly prized, including
in the latter line : (Proverbs of German and
Roumanian Speech' (2 vols. , 1872-75); and
(The Wedding Book : Usages and Beliefs Re-
garding the Wedding among the Christian
Nations of Europe) (1871).
Durivage, Francis Alexander. An Ameri-
can author, nephew of Edward Everett ; born
in Boston, Mass. , 1814; died in 1881. He con-
tributed light literature in prose and verse to
magazines; wrote novelettes ; and jointly with
W. S. Chase translated Lamartine's History
of the Revolution of 1848. He was also author
of several plays, and of Life Scenes from the
World around Us) (1853); (Cyclopædia of His-
tory); and (The Fatal Casket.
Duruy, Georges (dü-rüe'). A French writer
on history; born in 1853, at Paris, where he
became professor of French literature in the
Polytechnic School in 1891. He wrote some
novels that became popular favorites, as “The
Lifeguard); (A Soul's Victory); (Dream-End. '
His principal historical works are: “History of
Turenne); (Short Popular History of France. )
His Cardinal Carlo Carafa: a Study on the
Pontificate of Paul IV. (1883) was crowned
by the Academy.
Duruy, Victor. A distinguished French his-
torian; born at Paris, Sept. 11, 1811 ; died 1894.
He assisted Napoleon III. in compiling (The
Life of Julius Cæsar, and was made minister
of public instruction in 1863. Among his his-
torical works are: (History of the Romans)
(2 vols. , 1843); (State of the Roman World
toward the Time of the Founding of the Em-
pire) (1853); (General Introduction to the His-
tory of France) (1865); History of the Greeks)
(3 vols. , 1886). He also wrote the greater part
of a (Universal History. His works have been
translated in part under Professor Mahaffy's
editorship. *
Dutra É Mello, Antonio Francisco (dö'trä
ā mel'o). A Brazilian poet; born in Rio Janeiro,
Aug. 8, 1823; died Feb. 22, 1843. His verses
are considered among the best of South Amer-
ican poetry. Among his choicest works are :
(A'noite Inspiracão Poetica); (A’noite de S.
Toão); and Historia Critica da Lingua Latina. '
Dutt, Toru (dot). A Hindow poet (1856-77).
She received a good European education, and
had the advantage of four years' travel in the
West. She translated into English many French
poems,- from Béranger, Gautier, Coppée, etc. ,
-- and a collection of these was published as
(A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields) (1876).
She also rendered into English some of the
Ancient Ballads of Hindustan. She wrote in
French a story : Miss d'Arvers's Diary *
Duval, Alexandre (dü-väl'). A French
dramatist (1767-1842); born at Rennes. He
served in the French fleet during the American
Revolutionary War, and on his return to France
was an engineer and architect; but finally de-
voted himself to writing plays which won great
favor from their skillful construction, interesting
situations, and fine dialogue. The best are:
(Edward in Scotland ); (The Domestic Ty.
rant); (The Chevalier of Industry. He wrote
the text of the very successful opera Joseph
in Egypt.
Duvar, John Hunter. See Hunter-Duvar.
Duvergier d'Hauranne, Prosper (dü-verzh-
yā' dõ-rän'). A French political writer; born
in Rouen, Aug. 3, 1798; died in Paris, May 19
or 22, 1881. Prominent in politics, his writings
reflect his opinions; particularly his Princi-
ples of Representative Government! (1838)
and History of Parliamentary Government in
France) (1857-73).
Duveyrier, Charles (dü-vā-ryā'). A French
dramatist (1803-66); born at Paris. He was a
disciple of Saint-Simon, and passed a year in
jail for a newspaper article on Woman's Place
under the Saint-Simonian system. From un-
successful he grew to be a successful play.
wright, especially in collaboration. Of the 300
or more pieces which bear his name, there may
be mentioned: (Frontin the Husband-Bache-
lor); Valerie, in which Malle. Mars made a
brilliant success; (The Cat Metamorphosed into
a Woman); (Figaro's Daughter); “The Burgo-
master of Saardam.
Dux, Adolf (döx). A Hungaro-German poet
(1822-81); born at Poszony (Presburg). He
made admirable versions of Hungarian poems
and novels into German, including those of
Katona, Arany, Jókai, Gyulai, and Eötvös. He
was the first to translate Petöfi's Select Poems.
His own works comprise novels and studies in
literary history.
Duyckinck, Evert Augustus. An American
author; born in New York city, Nov. 23, 1816;
died there, Aug. 13, 1878. Graduating from
Columbia College, he studied law, was admitted
to the bar in 1837, and went to Europe for a
year, after which he devoted himself to litera.
ture, in which he was fertile and successful.
In 1847 he edited the Literary World. In 1854,
with his brother George, he prepared the 'Cy-
clopædia of American Literature ) (2 vols. ,
1855; enlarged eds. 1865 and 1875). He was
a voluminous and successful writer, and added
much to the literature of his times. His last
work was the preparation, with William Cullen
Bryant, of an edition of Shakespeare.
## p. 159 (#175) ############################################
DUYCKINCK – DZIERZKOVSKI
159
3
1
Duyckinck, George Long. An American
prose-writer; born in New York, Oct. 17, 1823;
died there, March 30, 1863. He graduated at
the University of New York in 1843, and was
admitted to the bar, but did not practice. With
his brother Evert he edited the Literary World
and prepared the "Cyclopædia of American
Literature); he also wrote several biographies.
Duyse, Prudens van (doi'ze). A Flemish
poet (1804-59); born at Dendermonde. He
was a very prolific author, and wrote poems of
every kind, - epic, lyric, dramatic. They are
all mediocre, but served to reawaken a love of
the Flemish tongue. He wrote many valuable
works on Flemish history.
Dwight, John Sullivan. An American mu-
sical critic; born at Boston, May 13, 1813; died
Sept. 5, 1893. After two years in the Unitarian
ministry, he became one of the founders of
Brook Farm, and was editor of its organ the
Harbinger. In 1852 he established Dwight's
Journal of Music, in which appeared most of
his scholarly musical criticisms. His best-
known poem is "God Save the State. *
Dwight, Theodore. An American journal-
ist, brother of Timothy; born Dec. 15, 1764;
died June 12, 1846. He was a well-known
Federalist, a Member of Congress, and wrote
History of the Hartford Convention (of 1814)
and Character of Thomas Jefferson.
Dwight, Theodore. An American miscel.
laneous prose-writer, son of Theodore; born
March 3, 1796; died Oct. 16, 1866. He wrote
'Tour in Italy); (Summer Tour in New Eng.
land”; (The Northern Traveler); 'The Kan-
sas War); Life of Garibaldi); besides gazet-
teers, histories, and school-books.
Dwight, Timothy. An American Congre.
gational clergyman of great distinction; born
in Northampton, Mass. , May 14, 1752; died in
New Haven, Conn. , Jan. II, 1817. He was
president of Yale College from 1795 to 1817,
and was a very conspicuous figure in theology
and education. His “Theology Explained and
Defended consists of a course of 173 sermons
which has passed through as many as a hun-
dred editions. In addition to theological works
he wrote “Essay on Light); (Observations on
Language);(Travels in New England and New
York,' which is still widely quoted. He also
wrote verse : an epic called (The Conquest of
Canaan); Greenfield Hill,' a pastoral; “The
Triumph of Infidelity,' a satire.
Dwight, Timothy. An American Congre-
gational clergyman; born in Norwich, Conn. ,
Nov. 16, 1828 ; grandson of Timothy Dwight.
He is now president of Yale University, to
which post he was elected in 1886. He was
one of the members of the New Testament
Revision Committee. He has published (The
True Ideal of an American University)
Dyce, Alexander. An English literary critic
and historian; born in Edinburgh, June 30,
1798; died in London, May 19, 1869. As editor
of definitive editions of the British poets, he
has rendered lasting service to the native Par-
nassus; his capital achievements, Works of
Shakespeare) (1853-58) and (A Few Notes on
Shakespeare' (1853), leaving little room for
improvement, although subsequent discoveries
may supplement them.
Dyer, Sir Edward. An English elegiac poet;
born at Sharpham Park, Somersetshire; died
in London (? ), May (? ) 1607. An elegant
courtier, he advanced himself in royal favor
by court verse. "My Mind to Me a Kingdom
Is) is the best of his effusions. His works,
(The Shepherd's Conceit of Prometheus) and
other poems, were not collected until 1872.
Dyer, John. An English didactic and de-
scriptive poet; born in Aberglasney, Wales, in
1700 or 1699 ; died in Lincolnshire (? ), July 24,
1758. He presented himself before the Muses
with (Grongar Hill (1726), an engaging but
excessively correct piece of poetry; nor did he
unbend until (The Ruins of Rome) (1740) in-
spired him. His final effort, (The Fleece)
(1757), was suffused with tender romanticism.
Dyer, Sidney. An American poet and prose
writer; born in Cambridge, N. Y. , Feb. 11, 1814.
He published a volume of poems entitled
(Voices of Nature (1850); (Songs and Ballads )
(1857); “Great Wonders in Little Things)
(1871); "Ocean Gardens and Palaces) (1877);
(Elmdale Lyceum (1879); etc. ; also Psalm-
ist for the Use of Baptist Churches.
Dyer, Thomas Henry. An English histo-
rian; born in London, May 4, 1804; died at
Bath, Jan. 30, 1888. He traveled and studied
for years to prepare a History of Modern
Europe) (1861); (History of the City of Rome)
(1865); and (Ancient Athens) (1873); all monu-
ments of learning and critical insight.
Dygasiuski, Adolf (di-gäs-in'skē). A Polish
story-writer; born in the Russo-Polish govern-
ment of Kjebzy in 1839. His stories are re-
markable for charming descriptions of scenery;
among them : "On the Manor); (From Village,
Field, and Forest) (1887); From City and
Country) (1889).
He has translated works by
Max Müller, Tyndall, Mill, and others.
Dyherrn, Baron George von (dē'hārn). A
German poet and novelist ; born in Glogau,
Jan. I, 1848; died in Rothenburg, Silesia, Dec.
27, 1878. He wrote many poems and tales of
great merit; (In the Still Hour' (1870) being a
collection of his best verse, and (From Society)
(1880) and Heights and Depths) (1881), his
ablest fictions.
Dzierzkovski, Joseph (tsertsſköf-ske). A
Polish novelist (1807-65); born at Xaverov,
Galicia, in 1807; died in Lemberg, Jan. 13, 1865.
He loves to contrast the selfish dissipation of
the upper classes with the humble virtues of
the lowly. (Salon and Street) (1847); (The
Twins) (1854); (The Jugglers) (1855); (The
Crown of Thorns) (1856), are noteworthy ;
(Polish Chivalry) (1858), a historical novel, is
one of his best. He also wrote a drama, “The
Spark of Poesy) (1860).
2
1
.
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160
EADIE - EATON
E
Eadie, John. A Scotch religious writer; born ' of Sketches of the Origin, Progress, and Et-
at Alva, Stirlingshire, May 9, 1810; died in fects of Music, with an Account of the Ancient
Glasgow, June 3, 1876 (not 1870). He wrote Bards and Minstrels) (1793), met with very
on theology with great vogue among the un- general approval.
learned; his books including The Divine
Love) (1855), Paul the Preacher) (1859), etc. ,
Eastlake, Sir Charles Locke. An English
artist, and critic and historian of art; born in
in addition to scholarly treatises and com-
Plymouth, Nov. 17, 1793; died in Pisa, Italy,
mentaries.
Dec. 14, 1865. His paintings were noteworthy;
Eadmer or Edmer. A British historian and
and in such books as Materials for a History
biographer, who lived, a monk, at Canterbury,
of Oil Painting' (1847–69) and History of the
between 1090 and 1115, and died about 1124.
Gothic Revival (1871), he manifests taste and
An enduring fame has been the outcome of his
discrimination.
(History of Recent Events) (Historia Novo-
rum); "Life of St. Anselm); and other works.
Eastman, Charles Gamage. An American
poet; born in Fryeburg, Me. , June 1, 1816; died
Eagles, John. An English artist, art critic,
in Burlington, Vt. , 1861. He published (1848)
and poet; born in Bristol, 1783; died at Clifton,
a volume of Poems) descriptive of rural life
Nov. 8, 1855. He contributed essays on art to
in New England, and marked by a high de-
periodicals, and brought out “The Sketcher,' a
gree of metrical finish. He edited the Ver.
collection of miscellaneous prose and verse.
mont Patriot at Montpelier from 1846 until his
A book of (Sonnets) appeared posthumously. death, and was a contributor of poetry to
Earle, Mrs. Alice Morse. An American magazines.
writer; born in Massachusetts in 1851. She has
Eastman, Julia Arabella. An American
written extensively upon the manners and cus-
story-writer; born in Fulton, N. Y. , July 17,
toms of the colonial period in New England
1837
Included in her juvenile story-books
and New York. Among her numerous works
are : (Short Comings and Long Goings (1869);
are : Curious Punishments of Bygone Days);
(Beulah Romney) (1871); and (Young Rick!
(Customs and Fashions in Old New England);
(1875). She also contributed sketches and po.
(Colonial Dames and Goodwives); 'Colonial
ems to magazines.
Days in Old New York. )
Earle, John. An English clergyman and
Eastman, Mary (Henderson). An Ameri-
can prose-writer; born in Warrenton, Va. , in
author; born in York, England, in 1601; died
1818. She has published : Dacotah, or Life
at Oxford, Nov. 17, 1665. He was chaplain and
tutor to Charles II. , and his companion in
and Legends of the Sioux? (1849); Romance
exile ; later Bishop of Worcester. His literary
of Indian Life) (1852); (Tales of Fashionable
fame is due to the famous Microcosmographie,
Life (1856); and many stories and sketches.
or a Peece of the World discovered in Essayes Eastwick, Edward Backhouse. An English
and Characters) (1628), a series of sketches Orientalist and diplomatist; born in Berkshire
full of wit and humor, which throw much light in 1814; died at Ventnor, Isle of Wight, July
on the social condition of the time.
16, 1883. He was a voluminous writer on Ori-
Early, Jubal Anderson. An American gen-
ental (especially East-Indian) subjects, and has
eral and lawyer; born in Franklin County,
rendered very important service to English
Va. , Nov. 3, 1816; died March 2, 1894. He literature by many translations from Persian
graduated from West Point in 1837; served in and Hindu: e. g. , Sadi's “Gulistan) or (The
the Seminole War (1837-38); resigned in 1838
Rose Garden in 1852, and the version of Pil-
to study law; and was prominent in the Mexi-
pay's fables called (Anvār-i-Suhaili in 1854.
can War (1847–48). He became a Confederate
He also wrote a Journal of a Diplomat's
major-general in the Civil War; took part
Three-Years' Residence in Persia! (2 vols. ,
at Bull Run and Gettysburg, and in 1864 in-
1864), and “Venezuela,' or 'Sketches of Life in
vaded Maryland, but was checked by Sheri-
a South-American Republic) (1868). Between
dan. After the war he practiced law at
1878 and 1882 he brought out a sumptuous
Richmond and Lynchburg, Va. , and New Or. | 2-vol. edition of the Kaisar-nama-i-hind,' or
leans, La. His works include: A Memoir of
(Lay of the Empress. He was a frequent
the Last Year of the War for Independence
contributor to literary journals.
in the Confederate States) (1867) ; 'Campaigns
Eaton, Arthur Wentworth Hamilton. An
of General Lee) (1872).
American clergyman and author; born in Nora
Eastcott, Richard. An English writer on Scotia in 1849. He is a minister of the Epis-
music; born at Exeter, about 1740; died at copal Church in New York city. Among his
Livery Dale (? ), Devonshire, 1828. A volume works are: 'The Heart of the Creeds) (1838);
## p. 161 (#177) ############################################
EBELING – EÇA DE QUEIROZ
161
1
1
.
.
(Acadian Legends and Lyrics) (1889); “Tales
of a Garrison Town' (with C. L. Betts).
Ebeling, Adolf (a'bel-ing). A German de-
scriptive and historical writer ; born in Ham-
burg. Oct. 24, 1827. Living Pictures from
Modern Paris) (1863-67); (Rainbows in the
East) (1868), a series of Oriental epics, legends,
or ghazels; Napoleon III. and his Court)
(1891-93); are the fruit of large travel and
study. He has written also many biograph-
ical studies and travel sketches.
Ebeling, Christoph Daniel. A German
scholar and historian; born in Hildesheim,
about 1741; died in Hamburg, June 30, 1817.
He was for many years professor of history
and Greek at Hamburg. His chief work is a
"Geography and History of North America)
15 vols. , 1793-99), for which he received a vote
of thanks from Congress.
Eberhard, Christian August Gottlob (ā'ber-
härd). A German poet and descriptive writer;
born in Belzig, Jan. 12, 1769; died in Dresden,
May 13, 1845. His verse is a reminiscence of
the 18th-century style and of the school of
Gleim, the idyl 'Little Hans and the Cookie)
(1822) and Various Poems) (1833) eminently
50. His best prose is in Italy as It Impressed
Me) (1839).
Eberhard, Johann August. A German phil-
osophical writer; born in Halberstadt, Aug. 31,
1739; died in Halle (? ), Jan. 6, 1809. He first
attracted attention with a "New Apology (or
plea] of Socrates) (1772), an attack upon the
narrow theology of the day, to which succeeded
'Universal History of Philosophy) (1788);
Handbook to Asthetic) (1803-5); and other
works from a Wolfian standpoint, in harmony
with Leibnitz and opposition to Kant.
Ebers, Georg Moritz (ā'bers). A distin-
guished German Egyptologist and novelist;
born at Berlin, March 1, 1837. His series of his-
torical romances comprise in sequence: An
Egyptian Princess) (1864); (Uarda! (1877);
Homo Sum) (1878); (The Sisters) (1879);
'The Emperor) (1880); “Serapis) (1885); “The
Bride of the Nile' (1886); Joshua) (1889); ( Per
Aspera' (1892); (Cleopatra' (1894); and (Eli-
fen, in verse (1888). The first two have
been translated into many languages. Between
times he has written several other historical
novels; including (The Burgomaster's Wife)
(1881), of the Spanish domination in the Low
Countries. His contributions to Egyptology
are also numerous. *
Ebert, Johann Arnold (ā'bert). A German
translator and poet; born in Hamburg, Feb. 8,
1723; died in Brunswick, March 19, 1795. His
friend Klopstock addressed a pleasing ode to
him. He is better known through his trans-
lations of Young's Night Thoughts) and other
poems than by his own work, which appears in
Epistles and Miscellaneous Verse) (1789).
Ebert, Karl Egon. An Austrian poet and
dramatist (1801-82); born at Prague. He be-
gan with dramas of Bohemian history, many
of which were staged but only one printed,
(Wratislav and Jutta) (1835). As a lyric
poet and balladist he was more successful;
his Poems) (1824) contain fine lyrics, and
(Schwerting the Saxon Duke) is still high in
popular favor. His longer poems -(Vlasta, a
National Hero-Poem of Bohemia,' and 'The
Monastery, are Auent in style, pure and ele.
gant in language. (A Monument to Karl Egon,
Prince of Fürstenberg) consists of a garland of
sonnets; (Devout Meditations of a Man of the
World' is a didactic poem.
Ebner-Eschenbach, Baroness Marie von
(āb'ner esh'en-bach). An eminent Austrian
novelist and poet; born (Countess Dubsky) at
Castle Zdislavic, Moravia, Sept. 13, 1830. Be-
ginning in 1860 as a playwright, Mary Stuart
in Scotland) (1860) and the tragedy (Marie
Roland, with the one-act dramas (Doctor Rit-
ter,' (Violets,' and (The Disconsolate One,'
were but moderately successful. Turning to
fiction, "The Princess of Banalia) (1872), a
satiric tale, made little impression; but (Two
Countesses) (1885), a story of Austrian high so-
ciety, met with striking favor, and its succes-
sors place her among the great writers. They
include: (Tales of Village and Castle'; (The
Child of the Parish); (The Rival. She has
epic power, keen psychological insight, and
quick sensibility; and is unsurpassed in grace
of form and precision of style.
Ebrard, Johannes Heinrich August
(ā'brärd). A German Protestant theological
writer, dramatist, and literary critic; born in
Erlangen, Jan. 18, 1818; died there, July 23,
1888. He led a general reform movement in
theology, producing : Philosophical Criticism of
Evangelical History) (1842); (The Dogma of
the Last Supper and its History) (1845-46);
(Practical Theology (1856); etc. ; while under
the pseudonym of “Gottfried Flammberg” he
wrote Duplessis-Mornay) (1859), and other
dramas, and "A Life in Song) (2d ed. 1872), a
collection of verse. His other pseudonym,
“Christian Deutsch, has served in connection
with (Stephen Klinger) (1872), a play, and
studies of the Ossian creations.
Ebsworth, Joseph. An English dramatist
and musician; born in London, Oct. 10, 1788;
died in Edinburgh, June 22, 1868. He wrote,
adapted, or translated many successful plays;
among them (The Rival Valets) (1825), a
comedy drama, and “The Crusaders' (1850–51),
a drama. He was an adapter rather than a
creator. His songs, learning, and versatility
made him a distinguished figure in Edinburgh
circles. He wrote also in collaboration with
his wife, Mary Emma (Fairbrother).
Eça de Queiroz, José Maria (ā'sä dė kā.
roz). A Portuguese novelist; born at Póvoa
do Varzim, Nov. 25, 1845. At first a journalist,
he traveled and was in the consular service in
many parts of the world. He introduced the
naturalistic school into Portugal. His powers
of observation and description are great, and
in his novels -(The Crime of Father Amaro)
))
!
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162
ECHARD -- EDERSHEIM
(1874, rewritten in 1880); ( The First Monk
of St. Basil) (1877); (A Relic) (1886) - he
portrays in master strokes the failings of
Portuguese society. His strange, half real-
istic, half fanciful story, (The Relic, weaves
into a narrative of Oriental travel a dramatic
representation of the Passion of Christ in the
form of a dream. In collaboration with Ra-
malho-Ortigảo he wrote the spirited tale of
adventure, (The Mystery of Cintra Street.
Echard or Eachard, Laurence. An English
historian; born at Barsham, Suffolk, 1670 (? );
died at Lincoln, Aug. 16, 1730. A clergyman
and a scholar, his History of England from
the First Entrance of Julius Cæsar and the
Romans to the End of the Reign of James the
First) (1707) contains a wealth of information,
including the particulars of Cromwell's inter-
view with the Devil on the morning of the
battle of Worcester. Other historical and schol-
arly works increased his reputation.
Echegaray, José (ā-cha-gär-ā'). A notable
Spanish dramatist; born in Madrid, 1832. He
is author of several treatises on mechanics and
civil engineering, and was for a time minister
of commerce and of public instruction. Since
1874, when the production of “The Avenger's
Bride opened a new and brilliant life for the
Spanish stage, he has given himself wholly to
the drama; producing in a few years thirty
plays rich in imagination, dramatic force, and
lyric talent, though with the true Spaniard's
love of the horrible. Of his greatest pieces
may be named : (The Great Galeotto); (Mad.
man or Saint); (Conflict between Two Duties);
(A Merry Life and a Sad Death. ' *
Echeverria, Estéban (ā-chā vā-rē'ä). A nota-
ble Argentine poet; born in Buenos Ayres,
1809; died in Montevideo, 1851. He published
a book of Rhymes) at 19; passed some time
in France, became a devotee of Byron and
Lamartine, and on his return published an-
other volume whose exuberance explains its
failure. But later volumes of short poems
(Counsels ); «The Female Captives); (Guitar)
prove him a genuine poet.
Eckardt, Ludwig (eck'ärt). An Austrian lit.
erary historian, essayist, and dramatist ; born in
Vienna, May 16, 1827; died at Tetchen, Bohemia,
Feb. I, 1871. His career was one of vicissitudes
owing to his political opinions, but he wrote:
Josephine, a drama; Lectures on Goethe's
Torquato Tasso) (1852); Dramatic Studies)
(1853); and other critical and biographical
studies, attaining distinction as a scholar.
Eckermann, Johann Peter (ek'er-män). A
German poet (1792-1854); born at Winsen in
Hanover. He has permanent place in litera-
ture through his deeply affectionate record of
"Conversations with Goethe in the Last Years
of his Life) (2 vols. , 1823-32); it has been trans-
lated into nearly all the languages of Europe,
even Turkish. He edited the 40-vol. edition
of Goethe's works (1839-40).
Eckstein, Ernst (ek'stin). A German hu-
morist, poet, and novelist; born at Giessen, Feb.
