Lastly,
whatever
God hath given thee, let him take: (he taketh not indeed, unless God wills ; but if God will, he taketh away what God gave, lest God take Himself away from thee :) no one can deprive thee of God; thou deprivest thyself of Him, if thou fliest from Him.
Augustine - Exposition on the Psalms - v4
Have they not chosen to forsake their idols ?
They have been forsaken by their idols.
Con
founded be all they that worship carved images, who glory in their idols. But there is a certain disputer who seemeth unto himself learned, and saith, I do not worship that stone, nor
Pf. l16, that image which is without sense; your prophet could not
-'-
be aware that they have eyes and see not, and 1 be ignorant that this image neither hath a soul, nor seeth with its eyes, nor heareth with its ears : I worship not this image ; but I
' i. e. fall adore 1 what I see, and serve him whom I see not Who is
before, that? Some invisible deity, he replieth, who presideth over
that image. By giving this account of their images, they
seem to themselves able disputants, because they do not
l Cor. worship idols, and yet do worship devils. The things,
10, 20. I
brethren, saith the Apostle, which the Gentiles sacrifice, they
sacrifice unto devils, and not to God ; and
iCor. 8, addeth, that ye should have fellowship with devils ; for we 4' know that an idol is nothing in the world. The Apostle
himself saith this, we know that an idol is nothing: and that what the GentiIles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God; and would not that ye should have fellowship with devils. Let them not therefore excuse themselves on this ground, that they are not devoted to insensate idols; they are rather devoted to devils, which is more dangerous. For if they were only worshipping idols, as they would not help them, so they would not hurt them ; but if thou worship and serve devils, they themselves will be thy masters. And who
will be thy masters? Those who are jealous of thee: they must necessarily be jealous of thy freedom, always wish to possess thee, always to render thee such, as they may be able to draw along with them. For those evil spirits have a sort of inherent malevolence, and love of destruction : thej- rejoice in the evil of man ; and feed upon our delusion, if they have deceived us. And what do they seek? Not those over whom they may for ever have dominion, but with whom they
would not, he
Satan's envy. Divine worship is not for creatures. 4-25
may for ever undergo damnation ; just as an evil-minded Veti. robber is wont to accuse the innocent. If a man is burnt ------ alive, doth he burn the less, if two men are burning? doth he
die the less, if he die in company with another ? His punishment is not lessened, but his malignity is fed. ' Let
him die with me ;' not meaning that he will the less himself
die, but another's ill brings consolation. Such is the devil ;
he wisheth to seduce those who with him may be punished :
and because God is a Judge whom he cannot deceive, (for
he accuseth not before Him the innocent,) wishing to have
true charges to prefer, he persuadeth to sin. Behold what master they who worship idols and devils create for them
selves : for the things which the GentileIs sacrifice, they l Cor.
would not lhat10,m'
12. But what sort of God have we ? Hear what followeth. For when he had said, Confounded be all they that worship carved images, and that glory in their idols: lest men should try to stand in defence of their images, by saying, We are not worshipping stones, but deities : what deities dost thou worship ? Tell me, dost thou worship devils, or good spirits, such as are the Angels ? For there are holy Angels, and there are evil spirits. I say, that in thy temples none are worshipped but evil spirits; who in their pride exact sacrifice for themselves, and wish themselves to be worshipped as gods ; who are malignant and proud. Such also are wicked men, who seek their own glory, and despise the glory of
God. But observe holy men, who are like the Angels. When thou hast found some holy man who serveth God, if thou wish to worship him instead of God, he forbiddeth thee: he will not arrogate to himself the honour due to God, he will not be unto thee as God, but be with thee under God. Thus did the holy Apostles Paul and Barnabas. They preached the word of God in Lycaonia. When they had
wonderful works in Lycaonia, the people of that country brought victims, and wished to sacrifice to them, calling Barnabas Jupiter, and Paul Mercury: they were not pleased. Did they perchance refuse to be sacrificed to, because they abhorred to be compared to devils ? No, but because they shuddered at divine honour being paid
sacrifice unto devils, and not to God; and ye should have fellowship with devils.
performed
4-26 Saints and Angels refuse divine honours.
Psalm to men. Their own words shew this : it is no guess of ours; xcvix ror tne tex^ of the 000k goeth on to say how they were Acts 14, moved: then Barnabas and Paul rent their clothes, and 14, 16' ran in among the people, crying out, Men and brethren,
why do ye these things? we also are men of like passions with you. Attend. Just then, as good men forbid those who had wished to worship them as gods, and wish rather that God alone be worshipped, God alone be adored, to God alone sacrifice be offered, not to themselves ; so also all the holy Angels seek His glory Whom they love; endeavour to impel and to excite to the contemplation of Him all whom they love : Him they declare to them, not themselves, since they are angels ; and because they are soldiers, they study only how to seek the glory of their Captain ; but if they have sought their own glory, they are condemned as
'tyranni usurpers1. Such were the devil and his angels: he claimed for himself divine honour, and for all his demons ; he filled the pagan temples, and persuaded them to offer images and sacrifices to himself. Was it not better to worship holy Angels than devils ? They answer : we do not worship devils; we worship angels, as ye call them, the powers and the ministers of the great God. I wish ye would worship them : ye would easily learn from themselves not to worship them. Hear an Angel teaching. He was teaching a disciple of Christ, and shewing him many wonders in the Revelation of John : and when some wonderful vision had
been shewn him, he trembled, and fell down at the Angel's feet; but that Angel, who sought not but the glory of God,
I
Rev. 19, said, See thou do it not ; for fellow of
am a servant thee, I0- and of thy brethren the prophets. What then, my brethren ? Let no man say, I fear lest the Angel may be angry with me, if I worship him not as my God. He is then angry with thee, when thou hast chosen to worship him : for he is righteous, and loveth God. As devils are angry if they are
not worshipped, so are Angels angry if they are worshipped instead of God. But lest the weak and trembling heart perchance say unto itself: If then the demons are incensed because they are not worshipped, I fear to offend them ; what can even their chief the devil do unto thee ? If he had any power over us, no one of us would remain. Are not
Satan's impotence. Angels worship God, and teach us so. 427
daily so many things said against him by the mouth of Ver. Christians, and yet the harvest of Christians increaseth. ------ When thou art angry with the most depraved of thy slaves,
thou givest him the name, Satan, Devil. Perhaps in this thou
dost err, since thou sayest it to a man, and thy immoderate
anger hurrieth thee to revile the image of God : and yet thou choosest a term thou deeply hatest, to apply to him. If he could, would he not revenge himself? But it is not allowed:
and he doth so much only as is allowed him. For when he wished to tempt Job, he had to ask power to do so : and he Joh l, could do nothing had he not received power. Why then11- dost thou not fearlessly worship God, without Whose will
no one hurteth thee, and by Whose permission thou art chastened, not overcome ? For if it shall have pleased the
Lord thy God to permit some man to hurt thee, or some
spirit: He will chasten thee, that thou maycst cry unto Him:
" The Lord hath chastened and corrected me: but He hath Ps. lis, not given me over unto death. " Confounded, therefore, 18'
be all they that worship carved images, and that delight in vain gods: worship Him, all ye His angels. Let pagans learn to worship God : they wish to worship Angels : let them imitate Angels, and worship Him Who is worshipped by Angels. Worship Him, all ye His angels. Let that Angel worship who was sent to Cornelins, (for worshipping Him he sent Cornelins to Peter,) himself Peter's fellow- servaut; let him worship Christ, Peter's Lord. Worship Him, all ye gods !
13. Ver. 8. Sion heard of it, and rejoiced. What did
Sion hear? That all His Angels worship Him. What
heard Sion ? Behold what she heard : The heavens have declared His righteousness: and all the people have seen
His glory. Confounded be all they that worship carved images, and that delight in their idols. For the Church
was not as yet among the Gentiles ; in Judaea the Jews had
some of them believed, and the very Jews who believed thought that they only belonged to Christ : the Apostles
were sent to the Gentiles, Cornelins was preached to; Cornelins believed, was baptized, and they who were with Acts to, Cornelins were also baptized. But ye know what happened,
that they might be baptized: the reader indeed hath not
428 Joy of the Jewish Church at conversion of Gentiles.
Psalm reached this point, but, nevertheless, some recollect; and XCT II- let those who do not recollect, hear briefly from me. The Angel was sent to Cornelins : the Angel sent Cornelins to
Peter; Peter came to Cornelins. And because Cornelins and his household were Gentiles, and uncircumcised : lest they might hesitate to give the Gospel to the uncircumcised: before Cornelins and his household were baptized, the Holy Spirit came, and filled them, and they began to speak with tongues. Now the Holy Spirit had not fallen upon any one who had not been baptized: but upon these It fell before
For Peter might hesitate whether he might baptize the uncircumcised: the Holy Spirit came, they began to speak with tongues ; the invisible gift was given, and took away all doubt about the visible Sacrament ; they were all
Acts ll, baptized. And thou hast it there written ; And the apostles
1-
and brethren that were in JucLea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. This is what he here mentions ; Sion heard ofit, and rejoiced: and the daughters of Judah were glad. What did Sion hear, and rejoice at ? That the Gentiles also had received the word of God. One wall had come, but the comer existed not as yet. The name Sion is here peculiarly given to the Church which was in Judaea. Sion heard of it, and rejoiced: and the daughters of Judah were glad. Thus it is written, The apostles and brethren that were in Judcea heard. See if the daughters of Judaea rejoiced not. What did they hear ? That the Gentiles had also received the word of God. Where did this Psalm express this? The heavens have declared His righteousness: and all the people hare seen His glory. And because even the Gentiles, who used to
baptism.
yer. B.
ver. 7. worship idols, had believed, he goeth on to say, Confounded be all they that worship carved images, and that delight in their idols. Sion heard of it, and rejoiced : and the daugh ters of Judah were glad. Afterwards some of the circumcised
Acts1 1, chose to reproach Peter, saying unto him, Thou wentest in
men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them. But he gave them a reason, telling how while he prayed a vessel let down by four corners was shewn Him. This vessel which contained all living things, signified all nations. But it hung by four corners, because there are four quarters of the globe,
ib. 4. &c.
Christ is over all the earth, equal to the Father. 429
whence the people were to come : and four Gospels preach Ver. Christ, that His grace may be understood to belong to all the ------ four quarters of the globe. Because therefore such a vision had
been shewn to Peter, he rehearsed to them the whole, how Cornelins believed, and that, before the Gentile was baptized,
the Holy Spirit came upon him. When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then Aetsil, hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life. 18' Behold, Sion heard of it, and rejoiced, and the daughters of Judah were glad because of Thy judgments, O Lord. What
judgments ? Because God is no accepter of persons. For Acts 10, Peter himself, when he had seen Cornelins the centurion,34,
and those who were with him, filled with the Holy Ghost,
cried out and said, Of a truth I perceive, that God is no respecter of persons. Therefore, The daughters of Judah rejoiced because of Thy judgments, 0 Lord. What is, because
of Thy judgments ? Because in any nation, "and in any v. 36. people, he that serveth Him is accepted of Him : for He is Rom. 3,
not the God of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles.
14. Ver. 9. See if this be not the reason for the joy of the daughters of Judah. And the daughters of Judah were glad because of Thy judgments, O Lord. For Thou, Lord, art
most high over all the earth. Not in Judaea alone, but over Jerusalem ; not over Sion only, but over all the earth. To this whole earth the judgments of God prevailed, so that it assembled its nations from every quarter : judgments with which they who have cut themselves off have no communion: they neither hear the prophecy, nor see its completion; For
"
Thou, Lord, art most high over all the earth: Thou art exalted far above all gods. What is far 1 ? For it is said of 1 nimis Christ. What then meaneth far, except that Thou mayest
be acknowledged coequal with the Father ? What meaneth,
above all gods ? Who are they ? Idols have not life, have
not sense : devils have life and sense ; but they are evil.
What great thing is it that Christ is exalted above devils ?
He is exalted above devils : but neither is this very great ;
the heathen gods indeed are devils, but He is far above allPn. 96.
/ have said, Ye are gods : p'8_ and ye are all the children of the Most Highest : again it is6-
gods. Even men are styled gods :
written, God standeth in the congregation ofprinces: He is
82,
430 Servants of Christ must abhor His enemies.
Psalm a Judge among gods. Jesus Christ our Lord is exalted XCVI1- above all : not only above idols, not only above devils ; but above all righteous men. Even this is not enougb ; above all Angels also : for whence otherwise is this, Worship Him, all ye gods? Thou art far exalted above
all gods.
15. Ver. 10. What then do we all, who have assembled
before Him, before Him Who is exalted far above all gods? He hath given us a brief commandment, O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil! Christ doth not deserve that with Him thou shouldest love avarice. Thou lovest Him : thou shouldest hate what He hateth. There is a man who is thine enemy, he is what thou art ; ye are the work of one Creator, with the same nature : and yet if thy son were to speak unto thine enemy, and come to his house, and constantly converse with him, thou wouldest be inclined to disinhcril him ; because he speaketh with thine enemy. And how so ? Because thou seemest to say justly, Thou art my enemy's friend, and seekest thou ought of my property ? Attend then. Thou lovest Christ: avarice is Christ's foe; why speak with her ? I say not, speak with her ; why dost thou serve her ? For Christ commandeth thee to do many things, and thou dost them not; she commandeth thee, and thou dost them. Christ commandeth thee to clothe the poor man : and thou dost it not ; avarice biddeth thee defraud, and this thou dost in preference. If such be the case, if such thou art, do not very confidently promise thyself Christ's heritage. But thou sayest, I love Christ. O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil! Hence it appeareth that thou lovest what is good, if thou shalt be found to hate what is evil. O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil!
16. But when we have begun to hate evil, persecutions will follow. We hate evil ; some persecutor saith to us, Defraud; saith to us, Worship that image; saith to us, Offer frankincense to devils: but we have heard, O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil. We have heard indeed: but if we do not these things, the
persecutor rageth. To what degree doth he rage? What will he take away? Answer: Wherefore art thou a Christian:
God is our warrant against fear of man. 431
on account of thy eternal heritage, or thy temporal happi- Ver. ness ? Ask the question of thy faith, place thy soul on the -- frame1 of conscience, torlure thyself with the fear of judg- lcatasta ment, answer whom thou hast believed in, why thou hast believed. Thou sayest to me, I have believed in Christ.
What hath Christ promised thee, but what He hath shewn in Himself? What hath He shewn in Himself? He died, and arose from the dead, ascended into heaven. Dost thou wish to follow ? Imitate His passion : expect His promise. What then can the enraged persecutor deprive thee of, when thou hast begun to hate the evil, because thou lovest the Lord? What can he deprive thee of? Thy- patrimony? Can he deprive thee of heaven ?
Lastly, whatever God hath given thee, let him take: (he taketh not indeed, unless God wills ; but if God will, he taketh away what God gave, lest God take Himself away from thee :) no one can deprive thee of God; thou deprivest thyself of Him, if thou fliest from Him.
17. Perhaps thou answerest: I am not concerned for my
but21,
The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken Joh 1,
patrimony.
away; I may say, Blessed be the name of the T^ord:
I fear, lest he slay me. This is all. Hear the Psalm consoling thee : The Lord preserveth the souls of His servants. Because then he had said above, O ye that love
the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil, lest ye should fear to hate evil, lest he should kill thee, he addeth instantly, The Lord preserveth the souls of His servants.
Hear Him preserving the souls of His servants, and saying,
Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill Mat. 10, the soul. He who hath most power against thee, slayeth 28
the body. What hath he done unto thee ? What he also
did to the Lord thy God. Why lovest thou to have what
Christ hath, if thou fearest to suffer what Christ did ? He
came to bear thy life, temporal, weak, subject unto death.
Surely fear to die, if thou canst avoid dying. What thou
canst not avoid through thy nature, why dost thou not undergo by faith ? Let the adversary who threateneth take
away from thee that life, God giveih thee another life : for
He gave thee this life also, and without His will even this
shall not be taken from thee ; but if it be His will that it
432 God gives a belter life than man takes away.
Pbalm be taken from thee, He hath a life to give thee in exchange; xcvn- fear not to be robbed for His sake. Art thou unwilling to
put off a patched garment? He will give thee a robe of 1 Cor. glory. What robe dost thou tell me of? This corruptible 16'63' must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on
immortality. This very flesh of thine shall not perish. Thine enemy can rage as far as to thy death : he hath not power beyond, either over thy soul, or even over thy flesh ; for although he scatter thy flesh about, he hindereth not the resurrection. Men were fearful for their life : and what said
Mat. 10, the Lord unto them ? The very hairs of your head are all 30' numbered. Dost thou, who losest not a single hair, fear the loss of thy life ? All things are numbered with God. He
Who created all things, will restore all things. They were not, and they were created : they were, and shall they not be restored ? Believe then with your whole heart, my brethren, and ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil. Be strong, not only in the love of God, but also in the hatred of evil. Let no man frighten you : He Who
called you is more powerful, He is Almighty ; He is stronger than all the strong, higher than all the exalted. The Son of God hath died for us : fear not but that thou shalt receive His life, who hast a pledge in His death. For, for whom
Rom. 6, hath He died ? was it for the righteous ? Ask of Paul : for Christ died for the ungodly. Thou wast ungodly, and He died for thee: thou art justified, and will He desert thee ? He Who justified the ungodly, shall He desert the godly? O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is
evil ! Let no man fear : The Lord preserveth the souls of His saints ; He shall deliver them from the hand of the ungodly.
18. But perhaps thou wilt say, I lose this light. (Ver. 1 Tliere sprung up a light for the righteous. What light fearest thou thou mayest lose fearest thou thou mayest be in darkness Fear not thou mayest lose light; nay, fear lest
while thou art guarding against the loss of this light, thou mayest lose that true light. For we see to whom that light
which thou fearest losing, and with whom shared. Do the righteous only see this sun, when He niaketh rise over the just and unjust, and raineth upon the
given Matt,
6,
is
it
is ?
it is
1. )
?
The Righteous have a light better than this sun. 433
just and unjust? Wicked men, robbers, the unchaste, beasts, Vgr. flies, worms, see that light together with thee. What sort of--1 -- light doth He keep for the righteous, Who giveth this even
to such as these? Deservedly the Martyrs beheld this light in
faith ; for they who despised this light of the sun, had some light in their eyes, which they longed for, who rejected this.
There is sprung up a light for the righteous: and joyful glad nessfor such as are true-hearted. Do you imagine that they were really in misery, when they walked in chains? Spacious was the prison to the faithful, light were the chains to the confessors. They who preached Christ amid their torments, had joy in the iron-chair. There is sprung up a light fur
the righteous. What light hath sprung up for the righteous ?
Not that which springeth up for the unrighteous ; not that which He causeth to rise over the good and bad. There is
a different light which springeth up to the righteous ; of which light, that never rose upon themselves, the unrighteous
shall in the end say, Therefore have we erred from the wayvfM. 5, of truth, and the light of righteousness hath not shined upon b-
us, and the sun of righteousness rose not upon us. Behold,
by loving this sun they have lain in the darkness of the
heart. What did it profit them to have seen with their eyes
this sun, and not in mind to have seen that light ? Tobit
was blind, but he used to teach his son the way of God.
Ye know this, that Tobit warned his son, and said to him,
Son, give alms of thy substance ; because that alms suffer Toh\n,
10-
not to come into darkness. Even he who was in darkness spoke thus. Do ye see that there is another light which springeth up to the righteous, and joyful gladness for such as are true-hearted ? He had not sight : and he said to his son, Give alms of thy substance ; alms suffer not to come into darkness. Nor did he fear, lest his son should say to him in his heart, And hast not thou then given alms ? why dost thou, that art blind thyself, thus enjoin me ? Behold, thy alms have brought thee to darkness, and how sayest thou to me, Give alms: alms suffer not to come into darkness. How could he- speak with such confidence, except because he had in sight another light ? The son gave his arm to his father, that he might walk : but the father taught the son the way that he might live. There is therefore another
VOL. IV. f f
434 The joys of the wicked declared to be no joys.
Psalm light which springeth up to the righteous: There is sprung . xff II- up a light for the righteous: and joyful gladness for the
Dost thou wish to know that light ? Be true-
true-hearted.
hearted. What is, be true-hearted?
heart before God, withstanding His will, and wishing to bend Him unto thee, and not to rule thyself to please Him ;
and thou wilt feel the joyful gladness which all the true-
hearted know. There is sprung up a light for the righteous:
and joyful gladness for the true-hearted.
19. Ver. 12. Be glad, ye righteous. Perhaps already the
faithful hearing the word, Be glad, are thinking of banquets, preparing cups, waiting for the season of roses ; because it is said, Be glad, ye righteous ! See what followeth, Be glad in the Lord. Thou art waiting for the season of spring, that thou mayest be glad : thou hast the Lord for joyful gladness, the Lord is always with thee, He hath no special season ;
Is. 67, ll1e prophet Isaiah : There is no joy, saith my God, to the wicked. What the wicked call joy is not joy, such as he knew who made no account of their joy: let us believe him, brethren. He was a man, but he knew both kinds of joy.
He certainly knew the joys of the cup, for he was a man, he knew the joy of the table, he knew the joys of marriage, he knew those joys worldly and luxurious. He who knew them saith with confidence, There is no joy to the wicked, saith
the Lord. But it is not man who speaks, it is the Lord : of the truth of the Lord it is said, There is no joy to the wicked. For they but seem to themselves to rejoice: But there is no
thou hast Him by night, thou hast Him by day.
hearted ; and thou hast ever joy from Him. For that joy which is after the fashion of the world, is not true joy. Hear
joy to the wicked, saith not a man, but tIhe Lord. Whence
desired the day of men, thou knowest. Thou Who shewest me another day, Who teachest me another light, Who fillest me with another joy, Who dost inspire my heart with another feeling, Thou hast made me not desire the day of men. Isaiah saw men in drink, in luxury, in theatres and spectacles, the whole world
indulging itself in various trifles, and yet he cried, There is no joy, saith the Lord, to the wicked. If this was not joy, what sort of joy was that which he saw, in comparison with
Jer. 17, he who saw real joy, saith, Neither have
Be not of a crooked
Be true-
The righteous have a better joy, seen by Faith. 435 which this was not joy ? As if thou hadst known the sun, Ver.
and wcrt to say to some person who was praising a lamp, --
:-- this is not light. Why is it not light ? He holdeth it in
high esteem, he rejoiceth, he is delighted : and thou sayest,
This is not light. Or if any one were admiring an ape, thou
wouldest say, This is not beauty. And if perchance he were engaged in tracing the composition of the brute's limbs, and admiring all their fitness of adaptation to each other, thou who hadst known another beauty wouldest deny and say,
not so. Why Because thou knowest another.
thou sayest, see not that light which Isaiah saw. Believe, and thou shalt see it. For perhaps thou hast not the eye to see it; for
For as there
light seen
an eye by which that beauty discerned. an eye of the flesh, by means of which this so there an eye of the heart, by which that
joy perceived: perhaps that eye wounded, dimmed, dis turbed by passion, by avarice, by indulgence, by senseless lust thine eye disturbed thou canst not see that light. Believe, before thou seest: thou shalt be healed, and shalt see. There sprung up a light for the righteous: and
joyful-gladness for the true-hearted.
20. Be glad, he saith, in the Lord, ye righteous and
confess to the remembrance of His holiness. Now made
glad, now rejoicing in the Lord, confess unto Him; for unless were His will, ye would not rejoice in Him. For
the Lord Himself saith These things have spoken to yow- Johnl6 that in Me ye might have peace. But in the world ye shall 33. have tribulation. If ye are Christians, look for tribulations
in this world look not for more peaceful and better times. Brethren, ye deceive yourselves what the Gospel doth not promise you, promise not to yourselves. Ye know what the Gospel saith we are speaking to Christians we ought not
to disobey the faith. The Gospel saith this, that in the last
times many evils, many stumbling-blocks, many tribulations,
much iniquity, shall abound but he that shall endure unto
the end, the same shall be saved. The love, saith, o/-Mat. 24, many shall wax cold. Whosoever then hath been stedfastly 3-- 13, fervent in spirit, as the Apostle saith, fervent in spirit, his Ron,. ^ love shall not wax cold: because the love of God is shed^- abroad in our hearts the Holy Ghost, Which given unto a.
But
?
f 2
;: ;
by
:
is
is it
is
it,
' '
;;
is
is
: isit is
I
?
I ;
is
it
;
is
:
is
it is
436 The ' whole earth' called to sing of God's marvels.
Psalm us. Let no man therefore promise himself what the Gospel -- -doth not promise. Behold, happier times will come, and I am doing this, and purchasing this. It is good for thee to listen to Him Who is not deceived, nor hath deceived any
I/AT. XCVII.
man, Who promised thee joy not here, but in Himself ; and when all here hath passed away, to hope that with Him thou wilt for ever reign ; lest when thou dost wish to reign here, ihou mayest neither enjoy gladness here, nor fmd it there.
PSALM XCVIII. A Discourse to the People.
1. Ver. 1. O sing unto the Lord a new song. The new man knoweth this, the old man knoweth it not. The old man is the old life, and the new man the new life: the old life is derived from Adam, the new life is formed in Christ. But in this Psalm, the whole world is enjoined to sing a new
Ps. 96,i. song. More openly elsewhere the words are these: O sing
unto the Lord a new song; sing unto the Lord, all the
Dona- whole earth; that they who cut themselves off from the
tlats-
communion of the whole earth, may understand that they cannot sing the new song, because it is sung in the whole, and not in a part of it. Attend here also, and see that this is said. And when the whole earth is enjoined to sing a new song, it is meant, that peace singeth a new song. O sing unto the Lord a new song; for He hath done marvellous things. What marvellous things? Behold, the Gospel was just now being read, and we heard the mar vellous things of the Lord. The only son of his mother, who was a widow, was being carried out dead : the Lord, in compassion, made them stand still ; they laid him down,
Luke 7, and the Lord said, Young man, L say un'o thee, Arise. 12-- l6- And he that was dead sat up, and began to speak: and He delivered him unto his mother. Behold, the Lord hath done marvellous things: but it is much more marvellous, that He hath aroused from everlasting death the whole world, than that He recalled to life the only son of a
widowed mother. O sing then unto the Lord a new song;
Christ, God's Right Hand, healeth unto God. 437
for the Lord hath done marvellous things. What marvellous v-er.
'---
things ? Hear : His own right hand, and His holy arm, halh healed for Him. What is the Lord's holy arm ? Our Lord Jesus Christ. Hear Isaiah: Who hath believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed ? His holy arm then, and His own right hand, is Himself. Our Lord Jesus Christ is therefore the arm of God, and the
right hand of God : for this reason is it said, hath He healed for Him. It is not said only, " His right hand hath healed the world," but hath healed for Him. For many are healed
for themselves, not for Him. Behold how many long for that bodily health, and receive it from Him : they are healed by Him, but not for Him. How are they healed by Him, and not for Him ? When they have received health, they become wanton : they who when sick were chaste, when cured become adulterers: they who when in illness injured no man, on the recovery of their strength attack and crush the innocent : they are healed, but not unto Him. Who is
he who is healed unto Him ? He who is healed inwardly. Who is he that is healed inwardly ? He who trusteth in Him, that when he shall have been healed inwardly, re formed into a new man, afterwards this mortal flesh too, which doth languish for a time, may in the end itself even recover its most perfect health. Let us therefore be healed for Him. But that we may be healed for Him, let us believe
in His right hand ; because His own right hand, and His holy arm, hath healed for Him.
2. Ver. 2. The Lord hath made known His salvation.
This very right hand, this very arm, this very salvation, is
our Lord Jesus Christ, of Whom it is said, And all Jlesh Luke 3, shall see the salvation of God; of Whom also that Simeon6'
who embraced the Infant in his arms, spoke, "Lord, <<o<<;Luke2, leltest Thou Thy servant depart in peace ; for mine eyes
have seen Thy salvation. " The Lord hath made known His
salvation. To whom did He make it known ? To a part,
or to the whole ? Not to any part specially. Let no man betray, no man deceive, no man say, Lo, here is Christ, Mat. 24, or there : the man who saith, Lo, Ho is here, or there, pointeth to some particular spots.
founded be all they that worship carved images, who glory in their idols. But there is a certain disputer who seemeth unto himself learned, and saith, I do not worship that stone, nor
Pf. l16, that image which is without sense; your prophet could not
-'-
be aware that they have eyes and see not, and 1 be ignorant that this image neither hath a soul, nor seeth with its eyes, nor heareth with its ears : I worship not this image ; but I
' i. e. fall adore 1 what I see, and serve him whom I see not Who is
before, that? Some invisible deity, he replieth, who presideth over
that image. By giving this account of their images, they
seem to themselves able disputants, because they do not
l Cor. worship idols, and yet do worship devils. The things,
10, 20. I
brethren, saith the Apostle, which the Gentiles sacrifice, they
sacrifice unto devils, and not to God ; and
iCor. 8, addeth, that ye should have fellowship with devils ; for we 4' know that an idol is nothing in the world. The Apostle
himself saith this, we know that an idol is nothing: and that what the GentiIles sacrifice, they sacrifice to devils, and not to God; and would not that ye should have fellowship with devils. Let them not therefore excuse themselves on this ground, that they are not devoted to insensate idols; they are rather devoted to devils, which is more dangerous. For if they were only worshipping idols, as they would not help them, so they would not hurt them ; but if thou worship and serve devils, they themselves will be thy masters. And who
will be thy masters? Those who are jealous of thee: they must necessarily be jealous of thy freedom, always wish to possess thee, always to render thee such, as they may be able to draw along with them. For those evil spirits have a sort of inherent malevolence, and love of destruction : thej- rejoice in the evil of man ; and feed upon our delusion, if they have deceived us. And what do they seek? Not those over whom they may for ever have dominion, but with whom they
would not, he
Satan's envy. Divine worship is not for creatures. 4-25
may for ever undergo damnation ; just as an evil-minded Veti. robber is wont to accuse the innocent. If a man is burnt ------ alive, doth he burn the less, if two men are burning? doth he
die the less, if he die in company with another ? His punishment is not lessened, but his malignity is fed. ' Let
him die with me ;' not meaning that he will the less himself
die, but another's ill brings consolation. Such is the devil ;
he wisheth to seduce those who with him may be punished :
and because God is a Judge whom he cannot deceive, (for
he accuseth not before Him the innocent,) wishing to have
true charges to prefer, he persuadeth to sin. Behold what master they who worship idols and devils create for them
selves : for the things which the GentileIs sacrifice, they l Cor.
would not lhat10,m'
12. But what sort of God have we ? Hear what followeth. For when he had said, Confounded be all they that worship carved images, and that glory in their idols: lest men should try to stand in defence of their images, by saying, We are not worshipping stones, but deities : what deities dost thou worship ? Tell me, dost thou worship devils, or good spirits, such as are the Angels ? For there are holy Angels, and there are evil spirits. I say, that in thy temples none are worshipped but evil spirits; who in their pride exact sacrifice for themselves, and wish themselves to be worshipped as gods ; who are malignant and proud. Such also are wicked men, who seek their own glory, and despise the glory of
God. But observe holy men, who are like the Angels. When thou hast found some holy man who serveth God, if thou wish to worship him instead of God, he forbiddeth thee: he will not arrogate to himself the honour due to God, he will not be unto thee as God, but be with thee under God. Thus did the holy Apostles Paul and Barnabas. They preached the word of God in Lycaonia. When they had
wonderful works in Lycaonia, the people of that country brought victims, and wished to sacrifice to them, calling Barnabas Jupiter, and Paul Mercury: they were not pleased. Did they perchance refuse to be sacrificed to, because they abhorred to be compared to devils ? No, but because they shuddered at divine honour being paid
sacrifice unto devils, and not to God; and ye should have fellowship with devils.
performed
4-26 Saints and Angels refuse divine honours.
Psalm to men. Their own words shew this : it is no guess of ours; xcvix ror tne tex^ of the 000k goeth on to say how they were Acts 14, moved: then Barnabas and Paul rent their clothes, and 14, 16' ran in among the people, crying out, Men and brethren,
why do ye these things? we also are men of like passions with you. Attend. Just then, as good men forbid those who had wished to worship them as gods, and wish rather that God alone be worshipped, God alone be adored, to God alone sacrifice be offered, not to themselves ; so also all the holy Angels seek His glory Whom they love; endeavour to impel and to excite to the contemplation of Him all whom they love : Him they declare to them, not themselves, since they are angels ; and because they are soldiers, they study only how to seek the glory of their Captain ; but if they have sought their own glory, they are condemned as
'tyranni usurpers1. Such were the devil and his angels: he claimed for himself divine honour, and for all his demons ; he filled the pagan temples, and persuaded them to offer images and sacrifices to himself. Was it not better to worship holy Angels than devils ? They answer : we do not worship devils; we worship angels, as ye call them, the powers and the ministers of the great God. I wish ye would worship them : ye would easily learn from themselves not to worship them. Hear an Angel teaching. He was teaching a disciple of Christ, and shewing him many wonders in the Revelation of John : and when some wonderful vision had
been shewn him, he trembled, and fell down at the Angel's feet; but that Angel, who sought not but the glory of God,
I
Rev. 19, said, See thou do it not ; for fellow of
am a servant thee, I0- and of thy brethren the prophets. What then, my brethren ? Let no man say, I fear lest the Angel may be angry with me, if I worship him not as my God. He is then angry with thee, when thou hast chosen to worship him : for he is righteous, and loveth God. As devils are angry if they are
not worshipped, so are Angels angry if they are worshipped instead of God. But lest the weak and trembling heart perchance say unto itself: If then the demons are incensed because they are not worshipped, I fear to offend them ; what can even their chief the devil do unto thee ? If he had any power over us, no one of us would remain. Are not
Satan's impotence. Angels worship God, and teach us so. 427
daily so many things said against him by the mouth of Ver. Christians, and yet the harvest of Christians increaseth. ------ When thou art angry with the most depraved of thy slaves,
thou givest him the name, Satan, Devil. Perhaps in this thou
dost err, since thou sayest it to a man, and thy immoderate
anger hurrieth thee to revile the image of God : and yet thou choosest a term thou deeply hatest, to apply to him. If he could, would he not revenge himself? But it is not allowed:
and he doth so much only as is allowed him. For when he wished to tempt Job, he had to ask power to do so : and he Joh l, could do nothing had he not received power. Why then11- dost thou not fearlessly worship God, without Whose will
no one hurteth thee, and by Whose permission thou art chastened, not overcome ? For if it shall have pleased the
Lord thy God to permit some man to hurt thee, or some
spirit: He will chasten thee, that thou maycst cry unto Him:
" The Lord hath chastened and corrected me: but He hath Ps. lis, not given me over unto death. " Confounded, therefore, 18'
be all they that worship carved images, and that delight in vain gods: worship Him, all ye His angels. Let pagans learn to worship God : they wish to worship Angels : let them imitate Angels, and worship Him Who is worshipped by Angels. Worship Him, all ye His angels. Let that Angel worship who was sent to Cornelins, (for worshipping Him he sent Cornelins to Peter,) himself Peter's fellow- servaut; let him worship Christ, Peter's Lord. Worship Him, all ye gods !
13. Ver. 8. Sion heard of it, and rejoiced. What did
Sion hear? That all His Angels worship Him. What
heard Sion ? Behold what she heard : The heavens have declared His righteousness: and all the people have seen
His glory. Confounded be all they that worship carved images, and that delight in their idols. For the Church
was not as yet among the Gentiles ; in Judaea the Jews had
some of them believed, and the very Jews who believed thought that they only belonged to Christ : the Apostles
were sent to the Gentiles, Cornelins was preached to; Cornelins believed, was baptized, and they who were with Acts to, Cornelins were also baptized. But ye know what happened,
that they might be baptized: the reader indeed hath not
428 Joy of the Jewish Church at conversion of Gentiles.
Psalm reached this point, but, nevertheless, some recollect; and XCT II- let those who do not recollect, hear briefly from me. The Angel was sent to Cornelins : the Angel sent Cornelins to
Peter; Peter came to Cornelins. And because Cornelins and his household were Gentiles, and uncircumcised : lest they might hesitate to give the Gospel to the uncircumcised: before Cornelins and his household were baptized, the Holy Spirit came, and filled them, and they began to speak with tongues. Now the Holy Spirit had not fallen upon any one who had not been baptized: but upon these It fell before
For Peter might hesitate whether he might baptize the uncircumcised: the Holy Spirit came, they began to speak with tongues ; the invisible gift was given, and took away all doubt about the visible Sacrament ; they were all
Acts ll, baptized. And thou hast it there written ; And the apostles
1-
and brethren that were in JucLea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. This is what he here mentions ; Sion heard ofit, and rejoiced: and the daughters of Judah were glad. What did Sion hear, and rejoice at ? That the Gentiles also had received the word of God. One wall had come, but the comer existed not as yet. The name Sion is here peculiarly given to the Church which was in Judaea. Sion heard of it, and rejoiced: and the daughters of Judah were glad. Thus it is written, The apostles and brethren that were in Judcea heard. See if the daughters of Judaea rejoiced not. What did they hear ? That the Gentiles had also received the word of God. Where did this Psalm express this? The heavens have declared His righteousness: and all the people hare seen His glory. And because even the Gentiles, who used to
baptism.
yer. B.
ver. 7. worship idols, had believed, he goeth on to say, Confounded be all they that worship carved images, and that delight in their idols. Sion heard of it, and rejoiced : and the daugh ters of Judah were glad. Afterwards some of the circumcised
Acts1 1, chose to reproach Peter, saying unto him, Thou wentest in
men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them. But he gave them a reason, telling how while he prayed a vessel let down by four corners was shewn Him. This vessel which contained all living things, signified all nations. But it hung by four corners, because there are four quarters of the globe,
ib. 4. &c.
Christ is over all the earth, equal to the Father. 429
whence the people were to come : and four Gospels preach Ver. Christ, that His grace may be understood to belong to all the ------ four quarters of the globe. Because therefore such a vision had
been shewn to Peter, he rehearsed to them the whole, how Cornelins believed, and that, before the Gentile was baptized,
the Holy Spirit came upon him. When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then Aetsil, hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentance unto life. 18' Behold, Sion heard of it, and rejoiced, and the daughters of Judah were glad because of Thy judgments, O Lord. What
judgments ? Because God is no accepter of persons. For Acts 10, Peter himself, when he had seen Cornelins the centurion,34,
and those who were with him, filled with the Holy Ghost,
cried out and said, Of a truth I perceive, that God is no respecter of persons. Therefore, The daughters of Judah rejoiced because of Thy judgments, 0 Lord. What is, because
of Thy judgments ? Because in any nation, "and in any v. 36. people, he that serveth Him is accepted of Him : for He is Rom. 3,
not the God of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles.
14. Ver. 9. See if this be not the reason for the joy of the daughters of Judah. And the daughters of Judah were glad because of Thy judgments, O Lord. For Thou, Lord, art
most high over all the earth. Not in Judaea alone, but over Jerusalem ; not over Sion only, but over all the earth. To this whole earth the judgments of God prevailed, so that it assembled its nations from every quarter : judgments with which they who have cut themselves off have no communion: they neither hear the prophecy, nor see its completion; For
"
Thou, Lord, art most high over all the earth: Thou art exalted far above all gods. What is far 1 ? For it is said of 1 nimis Christ. What then meaneth far, except that Thou mayest
be acknowledged coequal with the Father ? What meaneth,
above all gods ? Who are they ? Idols have not life, have
not sense : devils have life and sense ; but they are evil.
What great thing is it that Christ is exalted above devils ?
He is exalted above devils : but neither is this very great ;
the heathen gods indeed are devils, but He is far above allPn. 96.
/ have said, Ye are gods : p'8_ and ye are all the children of the Most Highest : again it is6-
gods. Even men are styled gods :
written, God standeth in the congregation ofprinces: He is
82,
430 Servants of Christ must abhor His enemies.
Psalm a Judge among gods. Jesus Christ our Lord is exalted XCVI1- above all : not only above idols, not only above devils ; but above all righteous men. Even this is not enougb ; above all Angels also : for whence otherwise is this, Worship Him, all ye gods? Thou art far exalted above
all gods.
15. Ver. 10. What then do we all, who have assembled
before Him, before Him Who is exalted far above all gods? He hath given us a brief commandment, O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil! Christ doth not deserve that with Him thou shouldest love avarice. Thou lovest Him : thou shouldest hate what He hateth. There is a man who is thine enemy, he is what thou art ; ye are the work of one Creator, with the same nature : and yet if thy son were to speak unto thine enemy, and come to his house, and constantly converse with him, thou wouldest be inclined to disinhcril him ; because he speaketh with thine enemy. And how so ? Because thou seemest to say justly, Thou art my enemy's friend, and seekest thou ought of my property ? Attend then. Thou lovest Christ: avarice is Christ's foe; why speak with her ? I say not, speak with her ; why dost thou serve her ? For Christ commandeth thee to do many things, and thou dost them not; she commandeth thee, and thou dost them. Christ commandeth thee to clothe the poor man : and thou dost it not ; avarice biddeth thee defraud, and this thou dost in preference. If such be the case, if such thou art, do not very confidently promise thyself Christ's heritage. But thou sayest, I love Christ. O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil! Hence it appeareth that thou lovest what is good, if thou shalt be found to hate what is evil. O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil!
16. But when we have begun to hate evil, persecutions will follow. We hate evil ; some persecutor saith to us, Defraud; saith to us, Worship that image; saith to us, Offer frankincense to devils: but we have heard, O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil. We have heard indeed: but if we do not these things, the
persecutor rageth. To what degree doth he rage? What will he take away? Answer: Wherefore art thou a Christian:
God is our warrant against fear of man. 431
on account of thy eternal heritage, or thy temporal happi- Ver. ness ? Ask the question of thy faith, place thy soul on the -- frame1 of conscience, torlure thyself with the fear of judg- lcatasta ment, answer whom thou hast believed in, why thou hast believed. Thou sayest to me, I have believed in Christ.
What hath Christ promised thee, but what He hath shewn in Himself? What hath He shewn in Himself? He died, and arose from the dead, ascended into heaven. Dost thou wish to follow ? Imitate His passion : expect His promise. What then can the enraged persecutor deprive thee of, when thou hast begun to hate the evil, because thou lovest the Lord? What can he deprive thee of? Thy- patrimony? Can he deprive thee of heaven ?
Lastly, whatever God hath given thee, let him take: (he taketh not indeed, unless God wills ; but if God will, he taketh away what God gave, lest God take Himself away from thee :) no one can deprive thee of God; thou deprivest thyself of Him, if thou fliest from Him.
17. Perhaps thou answerest: I am not concerned for my
but21,
The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken Joh 1,
patrimony.
away; I may say, Blessed be the name of the T^ord:
I fear, lest he slay me. This is all. Hear the Psalm consoling thee : The Lord preserveth the souls of His servants. Because then he had said above, O ye that love
the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil, lest ye should fear to hate evil, lest he should kill thee, he addeth instantly, The Lord preserveth the souls of His servants.
Hear Him preserving the souls of His servants, and saying,
Fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill Mat. 10, the soul. He who hath most power against thee, slayeth 28
the body. What hath he done unto thee ? What he also
did to the Lord thy God. Why lovest thou to have what
Christ hath, if thou fearest to suffer what Christ did ? He
came to bear thy life, temporal, weak, subject unto death.
Surely fear to die, if thou canst avoid dying. What thou
canst not avoid through thy nature, why dost thou not undergo by faith ? Let the adversary who threateneth take
away from thee that life, God giveih thee another life : for
He gave thee this life also, and without His will even this
shall not be taken from thee ; but if it be His will that it
432 God gives a belter life than man takes away.
Pbalm be taken from thee, He hath a life to give thee in exchange; xcvn- fear not to be robbed for His sake. Art thou unwilling to
put off a patched garment? He will give thee a robe of 1 Cor. glory. What robe dost thou tell me of? This corruptible 16'63' must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on
immortality. This very flesh of thine shall not perish. Thine enemy can rage as far as to thy death : he hath not power beyond, either over thy soul, or even over thy flesh ; for although he scatter thy flesh about, he hindereth not the resurrection. Men were fearful for their life : and what said
Mat. 10, the Lord unto them ? The very hairs of your head are all 30' numbered. Dost thou, who losest not a single hair, fear the loss of thy life ? All things are numbered with God. He
Who created all things, will restore all things. They were not, and they were created : they were, and shall they not be restored ? Believe then with your whole heart, my brethren, and ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is evil. Be strong, not only in the love of God, but also in the hatred of evil. Let no man frighten you : He Who
called you is more powerful, He is Almighty ; He is stronger than all the strong, higher than all the exalted. The Son of God hath died for us : fear not but that thou shalt receive His life, who hast a pledge in His death. For, for whom
Rom. 6, hath He died ? was it for the righteous ? Ask of Paul : for Christ died for the ungodly. Thou wast ungodly, and He died for thee: thou art justified, and will He desert thee ? He Who justified the ungodly, shall He desert the godly? O ye that love the Lord, see that ye hate the thing which is
evil ! Let no man fear : The Lord preserveth the souls of His saints ; He shall deliver them from the hand of the ungodly.
18. But perhaps thou wilt say, I lose this light. (Ver. 1 Tliere sprung up a light for the righteous. What light fearest thou thou mayest lose fearest thou thou mayest be in darkness Fear not thou mayest lose light; nay, fear lest
while thou art guarding against the loss of this light, thou mayest lose that true light. For we see to whom that light
which thou fearest losing, and with whom shared. Do the righteous only see this sun, when He niaketh rise over the just and unjust, and raineth upon the
given Matt,
6,
is
it
is ?
it is
1. )
?
The Righteous have a light better than this sun. 433
just and unjust? Wicked men, robbers, the unchaste, beasts, Vgr. flies, worms, see that light together with thee. What sort of--1 -- light doth He keep for the righteous, Who giveth this even
to such as these? Deservedly the Martyrs beheld this light in
faith ; for they who despised this light of the sun, had some light in their eyes, which they longed for, who rejected this.
There is sprung up a light for the righteous: and joyful glad nessfor such as are true-hearted. Do you imagine that they were really in misery, when they walked in chains? Spacious was the prison to the faithful, light were the chains to the confessors. They who preached Christ amid their torments, had joy in the iron-chair. There is sprung up a light fur
the righteous. What light hath sprung up for the righteous ?
Not that which springeth up for the unrighteous ; not that which He causeth to rise over the good and bad. There is
a different light which springeth up to the righteous ; of which light, that never rose upon themselves, the unrighteous
shall in the end say, Therefore have we erred from the wayvfM. 5, of truth, and the light of righteousness hath not shined upon b-
us, and the sun of righteousness rose not upon us. Behold,
by loving this sun they have lain in the darkness of the
heart. What did it profit them to have seen with their eyes
this sun, and not in mind to have seen that light ? Tobit
was blind, but he used to teach his son the way of God.
Ye know this, that Tobit warned his son, and said to him,
Son, give alms of thy substance ; because that alms suffer Toh\n,
10-
not to come into darkness. Even he who was in darkness spoke thus. Do ye see that there is another light which springeth up to the righteous, and joyful gladness for such as are true-hearted ? He had not sight : and he said to his son, Give alms of thy substance ; alms suffer not to come into darkness. Nor did he fear, lest his son should say to him in his heart, And hast not thou then given alms ? why dost thou, that art blind thyself, thus enjoin me ? Behold, thy alms have brought thee to darkness, and how sayest thou to me, Give alms: alms suffer not to come into darkness. How could he- speak with such confidence, except because he had in sight another light ? The son gave his arm to his father, that he might walk : but the father taught the son the way that he might live. There is therefore another
VOL. IV. f f
434 The joys of the wicked declared to be no joys.
Psalm light which springeth up to the righteous: There is sprung . xff II- up a light for the righteous: and joyful gladness for the
Dost thou wish to know that light ? Be true-
true-hearted.
hearted. What is, be true-hearted?
heart before God, withstanding His will, and wishing to bend Him unto thee, and not to rule thyself to please Him ;
and thou wilt feel the joyful gladness which all the true-
hearted know. There is sprung up a light for the righteous:
and joyful gladness for the true-hearted.
19. Ver. 12. Be glad, ye righteous. Perhaps already the
faithful hearing the word, Be glad, are thinking of banquets, preparing cups, waiting for the season of roses ; because it is said, Be glad, ye righteous ! See what followeth, Be glad in the Lord. Thou art waiting for the season of spring, that thou mayest be glad : thou hast the Lord for joyful gladness, the Lord is always with thee, He hath no special season ;
Is. 67, ll1e prophet Isaiah : There is no joy, saith my God, to the wicked. What the wicked call joy is not joy, such as he knew who made no account of their joy: let us believe him, brethren. He was a man, but he knew both kinds of joy.
He certainly knew the joys of the cup, for he was a man, he knew the joy of the table, he knew the joys of marriage, he knew those joys worldly and luxurious. He who knew them saith with confidence, There is no joy to the wicked, saith
the Lord. But it is not man who speaks, it is the Lord : of the truth of the Lord it is said, There is no joy to the wicked. For they but seem to themselves to rejoice: But there is no
thou hast Him by night, thou hast Him by day.
hearted ; and thou hast ever joy from Him. For that joy which is after the fashion of the world, is not true joy. Hear
joy to the wicked, saith not a man, but tIhe Lord. Whence
desired the day of men, thou knowest. Thou Who shewest me another day, Who teachest me another light, Who fillest me with another joy, Who dost inspire my heart with another feeling, Thou hast made me not desire the day of men. Isaiah saw men in drink, in luxury, in theatres and spectacles, the whole world
indulging itself in various trifles, and yet he cried, There is no joy, saith the Lord, to the wicked. If this was not joy, what sort of joy was that which he saw, in comparison with
Jer. 17, he who saw real joy, saith, Neither have
Be not of a crooked
Be true-
The righteous have a better joy, seen by Faith. 435 which this was not joy ? As if thou hadst known the sun, Ver.
and wcrt to say to some person who was praising a lamp, --
:-- this is not light. Why is it not light ? He holdeth it in
high esteem, he rejoiceth, he is delighted : and thou sayest,
This is not light. Or if any one were admiring an ape, thou
wouldest say, This is not beauty. And if perchance he were engaged in tracing the composition of the brute's limbs, and admiring all their fitness of adaptation to each other, thou who hadst known another beauty wouldest deny and say,
not so. Why Because thou knowest another.
thou sayest, see not that light which Isaiah saw. Believe, and thou shalt see it. For perhaps thou hast not the eye to see it; for
For as there
light seen
an eye by which that beauty discerned. an eye of the flesh, by means of which this so there an eye of the heart, by which that
joy perceived: perhaps that eye wounded, dimmed, dis turbed by passion, by avarice, by indulgence, by senseless lust thine eye disturbed thou canst not see that light. Believe, before thou seest: thou shalt be healed, and shalt see. There sprung up a light for the righteous: and
joyful-gladness for the true-hearted.
20. Be glad, he saith, in the Lord, ye righteous and
confess to the remembrance of His holiness. Now made
glad, now rejoicing in the Lord, confess unto Him; for unless were His will, ye would not rejoice in Him. For
the Lord Himself saith These things have spoken to yow- Johnl6 that in Me ye might have peace. But in the world ye shall 33. have tribulation. If ye are Christians, look for tribulations
in this world look not for more peaceful and better times. Brethren, ye deceive yourselves what the Gospel doth not promise you, promise not to yourselves. Ye know what the Gospel saith we are speaking to Christians we ought not
to disobey the faith. The Gospel saith this, that in the last
times many evils, many stumbling-blocks, many tribulations,
much iniquity, shall abound but he that shall endure unto
the end, the same shall be saved. The love, saith, o/-Mat. 24, many shall wax cold. Whosoever then hath been stedfastly 3-- 13, fervent in spirit, as the Apostle saith, fervent in spirit, his Ron,. ^ love shall not wax cold: because the love of God is shed^- abroad in our hearts the Holy Ghost, Which given unto a.
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436 The ' whole earth' called to sing of God's marvels.
Psalm us. Let no man therefore promise himself what the Gospel -- -doth not promise. Behold, happier times will come, and I am doing this, and purchasing this. It is good for thee to listen to Him Who is not deceived, nor hath deceived any
I/AT. XCVII.
man, Who promised thee joy not here, but in Himself ; and when all here hath passed away, to hope that with Him thou wilt for ever reign ; lest when thou dost wish to reign here, ihou mayest neither enjoy gladness here, nor fmd it there.
PSALM XCVIII. A Discourse to the People.
1. Ver. 1. O sing unto the Lord a new song. The new man knoweth this, the old man knoweth it not. The old man is the old life, and the new man the new life: the old life is derived from Adam, the new life is formed in Christ. But in this Psalm, the whole world is enjoined to sing a new
Ps. 96,i. song. More openly elsewhere the words are these: O sing
unto the Lord a new song; sing unto the Lord, all the
Dona- whole earth; that they who cut themselves off from the
tlats-
communion of the whole earth, may understand that they cannot sing the new song, because it is sung in the whole, and not in a part of it. Attend here also, and see that this is said. And when the whole earth is enjoined to sing a new song, it is meant, that peace singeth a new song. O sing unto the Lord a new song; for He hath done marvellous things. What marvellous things? Behold, the Gospel was just now being read, and we heard the mar vellous things of the Lord. The only son of his mother, who was a widow, was being carried out dead : the Lord, in compassion, made them stand still ; they laid him down,
Luke 7, and the Lord said, Young man, L say un'o thee, Arise. 12-- l6- And he that was dead sat up, and began to speak: and He delivered him unto his mother. Behold, the Lord hath done marvellous things: but it is much more marvellous, that He hath aroused from everlasting death the whole world, than that He recalled to life the only son of a
widowed mother. O sing then unto the Lord a new song;
Christ, God's Right Hand, healeth unto God. 437
for the Lord hath done marvellous things. What marvellous v-er.
'---
things ? Hear : His own right hand, and His holy arm, halh healed for Him. What is the Lord's holy arm ? Our Lord Jesus Christ. Hear Isaiah: Who hath believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed ? His holy arm then, and His own right hand, is Himself. Our Lord Jesus Christ is therefore the arm of God, and the
right hand of God : for this reason is it said, hath He healed for Him. It is not said only, " His right hand hath healed the world," but hath healed for Him. For many are healed
for themselves, not for Him. Behold how many long for that bodily health, and receive it from Him : they are healed by Him, but not for Him. How are they healed by Him, and not for Him ? When they have received health, they become wanton : they who when sick were chaste, when cured become adulterers: they who when in illness injured no man, on the recovery of their strength attack and crush the innocent : they are healed, but not unto Him. Who is
he who is healed unto Him ? He who is healed inwardly. Who is he that is healed inwardly ? He who trusteth in Him, that when he shall have been healed inwardly, re formed into a new man, afterwards this mortal flesh too, which doth languish for a time, may in the end itself even recover its most perfect health. Let us therefore be healed for Him. But that we may be healed for Him, let us believe
in His right hand ; because His own right hand, and His holy arm, hath healed for Him.
2. Ver. 2. The Lord hath made known His salvation.
This very right hand, this very arm, this very salvation, is
our Lord Jesus Christ, of Whom it is said, And all Jlesh Luke 3, shall see the salvation of God; of Whom also that Simeon6'
who embraced the Infant in his arms, spoke, "Lord, <<o<<;Luke2, leltest Thou Thy servant depart in peace ; for mine eyes
have seen Thy salvation. " The Lord hath made known His
salvation. To whom did He make it known ? To a part,
or to the whole ? Not to any part specially. Let no man betray, no man deceive, no man say, Lo, here is Christ, Mat. 24, or there : the man who saith, Lo, Ho is here, or there, pointeth to some particular spots.
