494), and may probably be identified with a work This poem consists of 129 trimeter iambic verses,
noticed by Allatius (Diatrib.
noticed by Allatius (Diatrib.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
He wrote, 1.
Letters to Alexander, bishop 34.
MOSCHAMPAR.
(MoscHAMPAR.
]
of Alexandria, and to the Arians of Alexandria, 35. MYTILENAEUS, or of MYTILENE. He is
already noticed. 2. 'Eykubulov eis Evo éblov Tor the author of a homily In Saluti feram D. N. Jesu
'Euonyóv, Encomium Eusebü Emiseni, containing Christi Passionem, published by Gretser, De Cruce,
the account already mentioned of the council of vol. i. A work on the same subject, extant in
Antioch. 3. A work against the Manichaeans, MS. and described as by Georgius Methiminensis,
now lost, mentioned by Heraclian (apud Phot. or Methinensis (of Methymna? ), has been con-
Bibl. cod. 85). (Athan. Apol. contra Arian. c. 36, jectured to be the same work, but the conjecture
48, 49, Hist. Arian. ad Monach, c. 4, 17, Apol. de does not appear to be well founded. A George,
Fuga sua, c. 26, Epistola ad Episcop. Aegypt. et Metropolitan of Mytilene, probably the same with
Libyae, c. 7, De Synodis, c. 17 ; Socrates, H. E. i. the subject of the present article, is the author of
24, ü. 9, 10 ; Sozom. H. E. iii. 6, iv. 13; Theo- two works extant in MS. , Daridis et Symeonis
doret, H. E. ii. 8, 31, v. 7 ; Philostorg. H. E. vii. Confessorum et Martyrum Officium and Eorunder
17; Tillemont, Mémoires, vol. viii. ix. )
Vita ac Historia. Some epigrams in praise of the
30. LECAPENUS, a monk of Thessaly, who lived writings of Dionysius Arcopagita, by Georgius
about the middle of the fourteenth century, and Patricius, a native of Mytilene, are said by the
wrote on grammar and rhetoric. A treatise, Tepl Jesuit Delrio (Vindiciae Areopagit. c. xxi. ) to have
ouvráčews Tūv pnuátw, De Constructione Ver- been printed, but he does not say where ; but
borum, was printed at Florence A. D. 1515 and whether the author is the subject of the present
1520, and at Venice, by Aldus Manutius and article is by no means clear. (Allatius, Ibid.
Asulanus A. D. 1525, with the Greek grammar of p. 22; Fabric, Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 628)
Theodore Gaza. In the printed editions the work 36. Of NICOMEDEIA. He held the office of
is said to be by George Lecapenus ; but Allatius, chartophylax (record-keeper) in the Great Church
on the authority of several MSS. , claims it as the at Constantinople, whence he is sometimes called
work of Michael Syncellus of Jerusalem. Some Georgius Chartophylax (but he must not be con-
works of George Lecapenus remain in MS. Among founded with Georgius Chartophylax Callipolitanus
them are :
A Grammar, or rather Lericon of (No. 11]), and was afterwards archbishop of Nico
Attic Words, in alphabetical order. 2. An Exposi- medeia He lived in the latter part of the ninth
tion of the Enchiridion of Epictetus. 3. A treatise century, and was the friend of Photius, many of
On the Figures of Homer. 4. A History. 5. A whose letters are addressed to him. Combefis has
Poem, in lambic verse. 6. Several Letters. He confounded him with Georgius Pisida (No. 44),
also made a selection of the Letters of Libanius. and has placed him in the reign of Heraclius, two
(Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. vi. pp. 191, 297, 343, vol. centuries before his proper period. Several of his
viii. p. 79; Allatius, Ibid. p. 59. )
Homiliae are published in the Norum Auctarium
31. METHIMINENSIS (of Mytilene, No. 35]. of Combefis, vol. i. Three Idiomela (hymns or
32. METOCHITA. (MetochITA. ]
pieces set to music peculiar to them), written by
33. Monachus, or THE MONK. Many MSS. him, are contained in the same collection, and a
preserved in the various European libraries bear Latin translation of several of his Homiliae, and of
the name of George the Monk as the author. Great two of his Idiomela, one of them in praise of St.
perplexity has been occasioned by the vagueness of John Chrysostom, the other in praise of the Ni-
the designation, and its applicability to various cene Fathers, are contained in the Bibliotheca
persons of the name of George, but who are usually Pafrum (vol. xii. p. 692, &c. , ed. Lyon. , 1677).
identified by some additional designation. There Beside the homilies in Combefis, ascribed to George
is extant in MS. a Chronicon of George the Monk, of Nicomedeia, another in the same collection on
whom some have identified, but there is reason to the Nutirity of the Virgin, ascribed there to An-
think incorrectly, with George Hamartolus (No. dreas of Crete, is supposed to be by him. Among
## p. 253 (#269) ############################################
GEORGIUS.
253
GEORGIUS.
his many unpublished works a Chronicon is enu- an eye-witness ; and the poem was probably written
merated; but there is difficulty in distinguishing not long after the events he records. 2. nóremos
between the Chronica of the various Georges. 'Abapıkós, or 'Acapire Bellum Avaricum, or Ava-
homily or tract by Athanasius On the Presentation rica ; more fully, Eis toe gevojévny é podov tv
of Christ in the Temple is in some MSS. ascribed | βαρβαρών και εις την αυτών αστοχίαν ήτοι έκθεσις
to George of Nicomedeia. (Allatius, Ibid. pp. 9- Toù gevouévou podéuou eis TÙ Teixos tñs Kwotay-
13; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. viii. p. 459, vol. x. TIVOVÓNews Metaļu 'ACápwv Kal Twv Toaltw, De
p. 214; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. ii. p. 63. )
invasione facta a barlaris ac de frustrato eoruin
37. PACHIMERES. [PACHYMERES. )
consilio, sive expositio belli quod gestum est ad
38. PANEUPHEM US. (GEORGIUS EPARCH US, moenia Constantinopoleos inter Abares et Cives. This
No: 23. )
poem consists of one book of 541 trimeter iambic
39. Pardus. [PARDUS. )
verses, and describes the attack of the Avars on
40. PATRICIUS (of MYTILENE, No. 35. ) Constantinople, and their repulse and retreat (A. D.
41. PERIPATETICUs, or ANEPONYMUS, or GRE 626), while Heraclius was absent, and a Persian
GORIUS ANEPONYMUS. Fabricius speaks of two army occupied Chalcedon, opposite Constantinople.
works as having been published by Jo. Voegelinus, 3. 'Arádlotos "Yuvos, Hyunnus Acathistus, was
8vo. Augsburg A. D. 1600. One is described as composed on occasion of the victory over the Avars,
Epitome Organi Aristotelici, Gr. Lat. , by Gregorius commemorated in No. 2. . It is ascribed to George
Aneponymus (i. e. without a sumame); the other by his editor Quercius on internal evidence, which
as Compendium Philosophiae, Gr. Lat. , by Georgius cannot, however, be regarded as conclusive. 4. Els
Aneponymus. The two are probably one and the την αγίαν του Χριστού του Θεού ημών ανάστασιν,
same work (comp. Fabr. Bibl. Gr. vol. iii. pp. 220, In Sanctam Jesu Christi, Dei Nostri, Resurrectionem.
494), and may probably be identified with a work This poem consists of 129 trimeter iambic verses,
noticed by Allatius (Diatrib. de Georg. apnd Fabr. in which George exhorts Flavius Constantine, the
Bibl. Gr. vol. xii. p. 120) as extant in MS. , and son of Heraclius, to emulate the example of his
described by him as Georgii Monachi Epitome father. It was probably written about A. D. 627.
Philosophiae. It appears that a Latin version of 5. Els 'Hpdxdelov odv Baoinea, De Heraclio Ima
the same work by Laurentius Valla was published peralore, commonly cited by the title 'Hpakaids,
in 8vo. at Basel," a. D. 1542; in which the original Heraclias, or 'Hpakaidoos 'Axpodels dów, Hera-
was ascribed to Nicephorus Blemmyda (Fabric. cliadis Libri Duo. It has the second title, ñro eis
Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 630. )
την τέλειαν πτώσιν Χοσρόου βασιλέως Περσών,
42. PHORBENUS. (PHORBENUS. )
sire de Extremo Chosrode Persarum Regis Eacidio.
43. PARANZA, or PHRANZES. (PARANZA. ]
But this title does not correctly describe it, for it
44. Pisida (the Pisidian). The name of this takes a hasty survey of the transactions and ex-
writer occurs in the genitive case, in which it is ploits of Heraclius at home and abroad, and only
commonly found, under the various forms, Mool slightly touches on the final overthrow of Chosröes.
δου, Πισίδου, Πισιδίου, Πησίδου, Πησίδη, Πισσίδους, It was perhaps written when the intelligence of
Moldous: in Latin it is written Pisides and Pisida. that monarch's death first reached Constantinople,
He was, as his name indicates, a Pisidian by birth, about the end of A. D. 628, and before the return
and flourished in the time of the emperor Heraclius of Heraclius. 6. Εξαήμερον ήτοι Κοσμουργία,
(who reigned from A. D. 610 to 641), and of the Opus Sex Dierum seu Mundi Opificium. This poem
patriarch Sergius (who occupied the see of Con consists of 1910 trimeter iambic verses in the
stantinople from a. D. 610 to 639). In the MSS. of edition of Quercius, who restored some lines omitted
his works he is described as a deacon, and Xapto by previous editors. It has been supposed that
púrat, Chartophylax, “record keeper,” or Exevodú- this work has come down to us in a mutilated con-
hat, Sceuophylax,“ keeper of the sacred vessels,” of dition, for Suidas speaks of it as consisting of 3000
the Great Church (that of St. Sophia) at Constan- verses. But it is possible that the text of Suidas is
tinople. By Nicephorus Callisti he is termed corrupt, and that we should read eis éarn dioxinia,
" Refendarius” (“Pepevoápios), a designation not instead of aproxicam The poem bas no appear-
equivalent, as some have supposed, to Chartophy- ance of incompleteness. The Heraëmeron con-
lax, but describing a different office. We have no tains a prayer as if by the patriarch Sergius,
means of determining if he held all these offices for Heraclius and his children. The poem was
together or in succession, or if any of the titles are probably written about A. D. 629. 7. Els tov má-
incorrectly given. He appears to have accompanied Talov Biov, De Vanitate Vitae. This poem consists
the emperorHeraclius in his first expedition of 262 iambic verses, but has no internal mark of
against the Persians, and to have enjoyed the the time when it was written. 8. Kard Levýpov,
favour both of that emperor and of Sergius, but Contra Sererum, or Kard duoceboớs Lernpou 'Ava
nothing further is known of him.
Thoxelas, Contra Imperium Seterum Antiochiae,
The works of George the Pisidian are as follows: This poem consists of 731 iambic verses.
-1. Εις την κατά Περσών Εκστρατείαν Ηρακλείου Eage of Nicephorus Callisti (Hist. Ed. xviii. 48)
του βασιλέως, ακροάσεις τρείς, De Espediliome | has been understood as declaring that George
Heraclü Imperatoris contra Persas Libri tres. wrote a poem against Johannes Philoponus, and it
This work is mentioned by Suidas, and is pro- has been supposed that Philoponus is aimed at in
bably the earliest of the extant works of this this poem under the name of Severus, while others
writer. The three books are written in trimeter bave supposed that Nicephorus refers to the Hex-
iambics, and contain 1098 verses. They describe afmeron, and that Philoponus is attacked in that
the first expedition of Heraclius, whose valour and poem under the name of Proclus. But the words
piety are immoderately praised, against the Per- of Nicephorus do not require us to understand
sians, A. D. 622, when he attacked the frontier of that George wrote against Philoponus at all. This
Persia, in the neighbourhood of the Taurus. The poem against Severus contains the passage to which
descriptions of the author lead us to regard him as Nicephorus refers, and in which the Monophysite
1
A pas
## p. 254 (#270) ############################################
254
GEORGIUS.
GEORGIUS.
a
opinions which Philoponus held are attacked. 9. such fragments as had been then collected, with a
'Eynubulov eis adväylov 'Avaotáciov yaptupa Latin version by Fed. Morel, were first published
Encomium in Sanctum Anastasium Martyrem ; or, in 4to. Paris, 1584. Some copies of the edition
more fully, Blos Kal Toditela kal žoanois Toll dglou have the date 1585 in the title-page. The Hexaë-
και ενδόξου οσίου μάρτυρος Αναστασίου του μαρ- | meron was also published by Brunellus, as a work
Tupnoavtos év lépoids, Vita, Institutum, et Cer of Cyril of Alexandria, together with some poems
tamen Sancti, Gloriosi, et Venerabilis Martyris Anas- of Gregory Nazianzen and other pieces, 8vo. Rome,
tasii, qui in Perside Vartyrium passus est. This 1590. Both pieces, with the fragments, were re-
piece is in prose. 10. Eis tov ev Braxépvais vaøv, printed in the appendix to the Bibliotheca Patrum
In Templum Deiparae Constantinopoli in Blacher of La Bigne, fol. Paris, 1624, and with the version
nis situm ; a short poem in iambic verse
of Morel, and one or two additional fragments, in
These are all the extant works of George ; but the Paris edition of the Bibliotheca Patrum, fol.
that he wrote others appears from the quotations 1654, vol. xir. p. 389, &c. The Latin version of
which are found in ancient writers, and of which a Morel is in the edition of the BiWiotheca, fol.
considerable number have been collected from the Lyon. 1677, vol. xii. p. 323, &c. The De Erpe-
Chonographia of Theophanes, the Lexicon of Suidas, dicono Imperatoris Heraclii contra Persus, the
the Compendium of Cedrenus, the Historia Eccie Bellum Avaricum, the Hymnus Acathistus, the
siastica of Nicephorus Callisti, and the Commen. In Sanctam Jesu Christi D. N. Resurrectionem, the
taries of Isaacius Tzetzes. George is mentioned Heraclius, the Hesaë meron, the De l'anitate Vitae,
also by Johannes Tzetzes.
the Contra Severum, the Encomium in S. Anasta-
Some works known or asserted to be extant sium Martyrem, and a much-enlarged collection of
have been ascribed to George, but without suffi. fragments, with a valuable preface, introductions
cient reason. Usher and others have conjectured to the several pieces, a Latin version and notes
that he was the compiler of the Chronicon Paschale, by Joseph Maria Quercius of Florence, were pub-
but Quercius refutes the supposition. Possevino lished in the Corporis Historiae Byzantinae Nova
mentions a MS. work of his, De Gestis Impera- Appendix, fol. Rome, 1777. The Appendix com-
torum Constantinopolitanorum; but the supposition prehends also the works of Theodosius Diaconus
of the existence of such a work probably originated and Corippus Africanus Grammaticus by other
in a mistake. A MS. in the Imperial Library at editors. The De Expeditione contra Persas, Bel-
Vienna is described by Nesselius and Reimannus lum Avaricum, and Heraclias are edited by Bekker
as Georgii Pisidae Diaconi et Chartophylacis mag- and included in the Bonn reprint of the Byzantine
nae Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae et Cyrilli Mo writers. The little poem in Templum Deiparae,
nachi Breviarium Chronographicum ex Variis His &c. , was printed by Ducange in p. 65 of the notes
toriis concinnatum, fc. This MS. is probably the to his Zonaras, in the Paris edition of the Byzan-
same which Raderus mentions as having been read tine historians. Bandurius printed it with a Latin
by him. It is a modern Ms. , probably of the version in his Imperium Orientale, lib. vii. p. 177;
latter part of the sixteenth century ; and an exami- and Fabricius, with another Latin version, in his
nation of the title of the MS. itself shows that the Bill. Gr. vol. viii
. p. 615. (Quercius, ut sup. ;
Chronological Compendium is ascribed to Cyril Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. i. p. 185, vol vii. pp. 450,
alone. But to the proper title of this work is pre- 472, &c. , vol. viii. pp. 612, 615; Care, Hist. Litt.
fixed the inscription rewpylov Toù lolõou kal Kv vol. i. p. 583. )
planov; an indication, perhaps, that the writer of 45. SCHOLARIUS. (GENNADIUS OF CONSTAN-
the Codex intended to transcribe some of the TINOPLE, No. 2. )
works of George. The astronomical poem known 46. SYNCELLUS ; termed also ABBAS and Mo
as Empedoclis Sphaera, consisting of 168 iambic Nachus, lived in the latter part of the eighth and
verses, has been conjectured to be George's ; but beginning of the ninth century. He obtained his
it has been observed by Fabricius, that the writer distinguishing epithet from having been syncellus
speaks in one place like a polytheist, while all the or personal attendant of Tarasius, patriarch of
known writings of George are distinct expressions Constantinople, who died A. D. 806. Theophanes,
of Christian belief; and Quercius thinks this ob who was his friend, describes him as a man of
jection is decisive. Le Long speaks of Greek talent and learning, especially well versed in chro-
Commentaries on the Epistles of Paul by George nographical and historical subjects, which he had
of Pisidia as being extant in the Imperial Library studied very deeply. He died in " the orthodox
at Vienna, but they are not noticed in the cata- faith,” without completing his principal (and
logues of Lambecius and Reimannus; and it is pro- indeed only known) work, the completion of
bable that Le Long's statement is erroneous. which he strongly urged, as his dying request,
Some persons have improperly confounded George upon his friend Theophanes.
of Pisidia with George of Nicomedeia, who lived He is the author of a chronography, or chro
two centuries later (GEORGIUS, No. 36); and nicle, the title of which in full is as follows: 'Ek-
Cave erroneously makes George of Pisidia arch- | λογή Χρονογραφίας συνταγείσα υπό Γεωργίου
bishop of Nicomedeia, although he correctly fixes | Μοναχού Συγκέλλου γεγονότος Ταρασίου Πατριάρ-
the time in which he lived.
χου Κωνσταντινουπόλεως από 'Αδάμ μέχρι Διο-
The versification of George is correct and ele- KAqTlavoû, A select Chronicle, drawn up by George
gant, and in harmonious verses are very rare. He the Monk, Syncell us of Tarasius, Patriarch of
was much admired by the later Byzantine writers, Constantinople, from Adam to Diocletian. The
and was very commonly compared with Euripides, author states that he intended to bring his work
to whom some did not hesitate to prefer him. But down to A. D. 800; but, as already stated, he
his poems, however polished, are frequently dull, was cut off by death, and the work only comes
though in the Heraëmeron there are some passages down to the accession of Diocletian, A. D. 284.
of more elevated character.
The work is included in the various editions of
The Hexaëmeron and De Vanitate Vitae, with | the Byzantine writers. Goarus, the Parisian editor,
## p. 255 (#271) ############################################
GEORGIUS.
255
GEORGIUS.
1.
contended that we have the work of Syncellus in secretary, according to Hody, to the two popes,
a complete form, but the contrary opinion seeme Eugenius IV. and Nicholas V. (who acceded to the
to be the better founded. Possevino, Vossius, and papal crown A. D. 1447), but according to other state-
others have identified Syncellus with Georgius ments he received the appointment from Nicholas
Hamartolus (No. 27); but Allatius has shown V. apparently about a. D. 1450. He occupied for
that this identification is erroneous. Syncellus has many years a position of unrivalled eminence at Rome,
transcribed verbatim a considerable part of the as a Greek scholar and teacher, and a translator of
Chronicon of Eusebius, so that his work has been the Greek authors; but the arrival of many scholars
employed to restore or complete the Greek text of whom Nicholas invited to that city, and the su-
the Chronicon. The Chronographia of Theophanes, perior reputation of the version of Aristotle's Pro-
which extends from A. D. 285 to A.
of Alexandria, and to the Arians of Alexandria, 35. MYTILENAEUS, or of MYTILENE. He is
already noticed. 2. 'Eykubulov eis Evo éblov Tor the author of a homily In Saluti feram D. N. Jesu
'Euonyóv, Encomium Eusebü Emiseni, containing Christi Passionem, published by Gretser, De Cruce,
the account already mentioned of the council of vol. i. A work on the same subject, extant in
Antioch. 3. A work against the Manichaeans, MS. and described as by Georgius Methiminensis,
now lost, mentioned by Heraclian (apud Phot. or Methinensis (of Methymna? ), has been con-
Bibl. cod. 85). (Athan. Apol. contra Arian. c. 36, jectured to be the same work, but the conjecture
48, 49, Hist. Arian. ad Monach, c. 4, 17, Apol. de does not appear to be well founded. A George,
Fuga sua, c. 26, Epistola ad Episcop. Aegypt. et Metropolitan of Mytilene, probably the same with
Libyae, c. 7, De Synodis, c. 17 ; Socrates, H. E. i. the subject of the present article, is the author of
24, ü. 9, 10 ; Sozom. H. E. iii. 6, iv. 13; Theo- two works extant in MS. , Daridis et Symeonis
doret, H. E. ii. 8, 31, v. 7 ; Philostorg. H. E. vii. Confessorum et Martyrum Officium and Eorunder
17; Tillemont, Mémoires, vol. viii. ix. )
Vita ac Historia. Some epigrams in praise of the
30. LECAPENUS, a monk of Thessaly, who lived writings of Dionysius Arcopagita, by Georgius
about the middle of the fourteenth century, and Patricius, a native of Mytilene, are said by the
wrote on grammar and rhetoric. A treatise, Tepl Jesuit Delrio (Vindiciae Areopagit. c. xxi. ) to have
ouvráčews Tūv pnuátw, De Constructione Ver- been printed, but he does not say where ; but
borum, was printed at Florence A. D. 1515 and whether the author is the subject of the present
1520, and at Venice, by Aldus Manutius and article is by no means clear. (Allatius, Ibid.
Asulanus A. D. 1525, with the Greek grammar of p. 22; Fabric, Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 628)
Theodore Gaza. In the printed editions the work 36. Of NICOMEDEIA. He held the office of
is said to be by George Lecapenus ; but Allatius, chartophylax (record-keeper) in the Great Church
on the authority of several MSS. , claims it as the at Constantinople, whence he is sometimes called
work of Michael Syncellus of Jerusalem. Some Georgius Chartophylax (but he must not be con-
works of George Lecapenus remain in MS. Among founded with Georgius Chartophylax Callipolitanus
them are :
A Grammar, or rather Lericon of (No. 11]), and was afterwards archbishop of Nico
Attic Words, in alphabetical order. 2. An Exposi- medeia He lived in the latter part of the ninth
tion of the Enchiridion of Epictetus. 3. A treatise century, and was the friend of Photius, many of
On the Figures of Homer. 4. A History. 5. A whose letters are addressed to him. Combefis has
Poem, in lambic verse. 6. Several Letters. He confounded him with Georgius Pisida (No. 44),
also made a selection of the Letters of Libanius. and has placed him in the reign of Heraclius, two
(Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. vi. pp. 191, 297, 343, vol. centuries before his proper period. Several of his
viii. p. 79; Allatius, Ibid. p. 59. )
Homiliae are published in the Norum Auctarium
31. METHIMINENSIS (of Mytilene, No. 35]. of Combefis, vol. i. Three Idiomela (hymns or
32. METOCHITA. (MetochITA. ]
pieces set to music peculiar to them), written by
33. Monachus, or THE MONK. Many MSS. him, are contained in the same collection, and a
preserved in the various European libraries bear Latin translation of several of his Homiliae, and of
the name of George the Monk as the author. Great two of his Idiomela, one of them in praise of St.
perplexity has been occasioned by the vagueness of John Chrysostom, the other in praise of the Ni-
the designation, and its applicability to various cene Fathers, are contained in the Bibliotheca
persons of the name of George, but who are usually Pafrum (vol. xii. p. 692, &c. , ed. Lyon. , 1677).
identified by some additional designation. There Beside the homilies in Combefis, ascribed to George
is extant in MS. a Chronicon of George the Monk, of Nicomedeia, another in the same collection on
whom some have identified, but there is reason to the Nutirity of the Virgin, ascribed there to An-
think incorrectly, with George Hamartolus (No. dreas of Crete, is supposed to be by him. Among
## p. 253 (#269) ############################################
GEORGIUS.
253
GEORGIUS.
his many unpublished works a Chronicon is enu- an eye-witness ; and the poem was probably written
merated; but there is difficulty in distinguishing not long after the events he records. 2. nóremos
between the Chronica of the various Georges. 'Abapıkós, or 'Acapire Bellum Avaricum, or Ava-
homily or tract by Athanasius On the Presentation rica ; more fully, Eis toe gevojévny é podov tv
of Christ in the Temple is in some MSS. ascribed | βαρβαρών και εις την αυτών αστοχίαν ήτοι έκθεσις
to George of Nicomedeia. (Allatius, Ibid. pp. 9- Toù gevouévou podéuou eis TÙ Teixos tñs Kwotay-
13; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. viii. p. 459, vol. x. TIVOVÓNews Metaļu 'ACápwv Kal Twv Toaltw, De
p. 214; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. ii. p. 63. )
invasione facta a barlaris ac de frustrato eoruin
37. PACHIMERES. [PACHYMERES. )
consilio, sive expositio belli quod gestum est ad
38. PANEUPHEM US. (GEORGIUS EPARCH US, moenia Constantinopoleos inter Abares et Cives. This
No: 23. )
poem consists of one book of 541 trimeter iambic
39. Pardus. [PARDUS. )
verses, and describes the attack of the Avars on
40. PATRICIUS (of MYTILENE, No. 35. ) Constantinople, and their repulse and retreat (A. D.
41. PERIPATETICUs, or ANEPONYMUS, or GRE 626), while Heraclius was absent, and a Persian
GORIUS ANEPONYMUS. Fabricius speaks of two army occupied Chalcedon, opposite Constantinople.
works as having been published by Jo. Voegelinus, 3. 'Arádlotos "Yuvos, Hyunnus Acathistus, was
8vo. Augsburg A. D. 1600. One is described as composed on occasion of the victory over the Avars,
Epitome Organi Aristotelici, Gr. Lat. , by Gregorius commemorated in No. 2. . It is ascribed to George
Aneponymus (i. e. without a sumame); the other by his editor Quercius on internal evidence, which
as Compendium Philosophiae, Gr. Lat. , by Georgius cannot, however, be regarded as conclusive. 4. Els
Aneponymus. The two are probably one and the την αγίαν του Χριστού του Θεού ημών ανάστασιν,
same work (comp. Fabr. Bibl. Gr. vol. iii. pp. 220, In Sanctam Jesu Christi, Dei Nostri, Resurrectionem.
494), and may probably be identified with a work This poem consists of 129 trimeter iambic verses,
noticed by Allatius (Diatrib. de Georg. apnd Fabr. in which George exhorts Flavius Constantine, the
Bibl. Gr. vol. xii. p. 120) as extant in MS. , and son of Heraclius, to emulate the example of his
described by him as Georgii Monachi Epitome father. It was probably written about A. D. 627.
Philosophiae. It appears that a Latin version of 5. Els 'Hpdxdelov odv Baoinea, De Heraclio Ima
the same work by Laurentius Valla was published peralore, commonly cited by the title 'Hpakaids,
in 8vo. at Basel," a. D. 1542; in which the original Heraclias, or 'Hpakaidoos 'Axpodels dów, Hera-
was ascribed to Nicephorus Blemmyda (Fabric. cliadis Libri Duo. It has the second title, ñro eis
Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 630. )
την τέλειαν πτώσιν Χοσρόου βασιλέως Περσών,
42. PHORBENUS. (PHORBENUS. )
sire de Extremo Chosrode Persarum Regis Eacidio.
43. PARANZA, or PHRANZES. (PARANZA. ]
But this title does not correctly describe it, for it
44. Pisida (the Pisidian). The name of this takes a hasty survey of the transactions and ex-
writer occurs in the genitive case, in which it is ploits of Heraclius at home and abroad, and only
commonly found, under the various forms, Mool slightly touches on the final overthrow of Chosröes.
δου, Πισίδου, Πισιδίου, Πησίδου, Πησίδη, Πισσίδους, It was perhaps written when the intelligence of
Moldous: in Latin it is written Pisides and Pisida. that monarch's death first reached Constantinople,
He was, as his name indicates, a Pisidian by birth, about the end of A. D. 628, and before the return
and flourished in the time of the emperor Heraclius of Heraclius. 6. Εξαήμερον ήτοι Κοσμουργία,
(who reigned from A. D. 610 to 641), and of the Opus Sex Dierum seu Mundi Opificium. This poem
patriarch Sergius (who occupied the see of Con consists of 1910 trimeter iambic verses in the
stantinople from a. D. 610 to 639). In the MSS. of edition of Quercius, who restored some lines omitted
his works he is described as a deacon, and Xapto by previous editors. It has been supposed that
púrat, Chartophylax, “record keeper,” or Exevodú- this work has come down to us in a mutilated con-
hat, Sceuophylax,“ keeper of the sacred vessels,” of dition, for Suidas speaks of it as consisting of 3000
the Great Church (that of St. Sophia) at Constan- verses. But it is possible that the text of Suidas is
tinople. By Nicephorus Callisti he is termed corrupt, and that we should read eis éarn dioxinia,
" Refendarius” (“Pepevoápios), a designation not instead of aproxicam The poem bas no appear-
equivalent, as some have supposed, to Chartophy- ance of incompleteness. The Heraëmeron con-
lax, but describing a different office. We have no tains a prayer as if by the patriarch Sergius,
means of determining if he held all these offices for Heraclius and his children. The poem was
together or in succession, or if any of the titles are probably written about A. D. 629. 7. Els tov má-
incorrectly given. He appears to have accompanied Talov Biov, De Vanitate Vitae. This poem consists
the emperorHeraclius in his first expedition of 262 iambic verses, but has no internal mark of
against the Persians, and to have enjoyed the the time when it was written. 8. Kard Levýpov,
favour both of that emperor and of Sergius, but Contra Sererum, or Kard duoceboớs Lernpou 'Ava
nothing further is known of him.
Thoxelas, Contra Imperium Seterum Antiochiae,
The works of George the Pisidian are as follows: This poem consists of 731 iambic verses.
-1. Εις την κατά Περσών Εκστρατείαν Ηρακλείου Eage of Nicephorus Callisti (Hist. Ed. xviii. 48)
του βασιλέως, ακροάσεις τρείς, De Espediliome | has been understood as declaring that George
Heraclü Imperatoris contra Persas Libri tres. wrote a poem against Johannes Philoponus, and it
This work is mentioned by Suidas, and is pro- has been supposed that Philoponus is aimed at in
bably the earliest of the extant works of this this poem under the name of Severus, while others
writer. The three books are written in trimeter bave supposed that Nicephorus refers to the Hex-
iambics, and contain 1098 verses. They describe afmeron, and that Philoponus is attacked in that
the first expedition of Heraclius, whose valour and poem under the name of Proclus. But the words
piety are immoderately praised, against the Per- of Nicephorus do not require us to understand
sians, A. D. 622, when he attacked the frontier of that George wrote against Philoponus at all. This
Persia, in the neighbourhood of the Taurus. The poem against Severus contains the passage to which
descriptions of the author lead us to regard him as Nicephorus refers, and in which the Monophysite
1
A pas
## p. 254 (#270) ############################################
254
GEORGIUS.
GEORGIUS.
a
opinions which Philoponus held are attacked. 9. such fragments as had been then collected, with a
'Eynubulov eis adväylov 'Avaotáciov yaptupa Latin version by Fed. Morel, were first published
Encomium in Sanctum Anastasium Martyrem ; or, in 4to. Paris, 1584. Some copies of the edition
more fully, Blos Kal Toditela kal žoanois Toll dglou have the date 1585 in the title-page. The Hexaë-
και ενδόξου οσίου μάρτυρος Αναστασίου του μαρ- | meron was also published by Brunellus, as a work
Tupnoavtos év lépoids, Vita, Institutum, et Cer of Cyril of Alexandria, together with some poems
tamen Sancti, Gloriosi, et Venerabilis Martyris Anas- of Gregory Nazianzen and other pieces, 8vo. Rome,
tasii, qui in Perside Vartyrium passus est. This 1590. Both pieces, with the fragments, were re-
piece is in prose. 10. Eis tov ev Braxépvais vaøv, printed in the appendix to the Bibliotheca Patrum
In Templum Deiparae Constantinopoli in Blacher of La Bigne, fol. Paris, 1624, and with the version
nis situm ; a short poem in iambic verse
of Morel, and one or two additional fragments, in
These are all the extant works of George ; but the Paris edition of the Bibliotheca Patrum, fol.
that he wrote others appears from the quotations 1654, vol. xir. p. 389, &c. The Latin version of
which are found in ancient writers, and of which a Morel is in the edition of the BiWiotheca, fol.
considerable number have been collected from the Lyon. 1677, vol. xii. p. 323, &c. The De Erpe-
Chonographia of Theophanes, the Lexicon of Suidas, dicono Imperatoris Heraclii contra Persus, the
the Compendium of Cedrenus, the Historia Eccie Bellum Avaricum, the Hymnus Acathistus, the
siastica of Nicephorus Callisti, and the Commen. In Sanctam Jesu Christi D. N. Resurrectionem, the
taries of Isaacius Tzetzes. George is mentioned Heraclius, the Hesaë meron, the De l'anitate Vitae,
also by Johannes Tzetzes.
the Contra Severum, the Encomium in S. Anasta-
Some works known or asserted to be extant sium Martyrem, and a much-enlarged collection of
have been ascribed to George, but without suffi. fragments, with a valuable preface, introductions
cient reason. Usher and others have conjectured to the several pieces, a Latin version and notes
that he was the compiler of the Chronicon Paschale, by Joseph Maria Quercius of Florence, were pub-
but Quercius refutes the supposition. Possevino lished in the Corporis Historiae Byzantinae Nova
mentions a MS. work of his, De Gestis Impera- Appendix, fol. Rome, 1777. The Appendix com-
torum Constantinopolitanorum; but the supposition prehends also the works of Theodosius Diaconus
of the existence of such a work probably originated and Corippus Africanus Grammaticus by other
in a mistake. A MS. in the Imperial Library at editors. The De Expeditione contra Persas, Bel-
Vienna is described by Nesselius and Reimannus lum Avaricum, and Heraclias are edited by Bekker
as Georgii Pisidae Diaconi et Chartophylacis mag- and included in the Bonn reprint of the Byzantine
nae Ecclesiae Constantinopolitanae et Cyrilli Mo writers. The little poem in Templum Deiparae,
nachi Breviarium Chronographicum ex Variis His &c. , was printed by Ducange in p. 65 of the notes
toriis concinnatum, fc. This MS. is probably the to his Zonaras, in the Paris edition of the Byzan-
same which Raderus mentions as having been read tine historians. Bandurius printed it with a Latin
by him. It is a modern Ms. , probably of the version in his Imperium Orientale, lib. vii. p. 177;
latter part of the sixteenth century ; and an exami- and Fabricius, with another Latin version, in his
nation of the title of the MS. itself shows that the Bill. Gr. vol. viii
. p. 615. (Quercius, ut sup. ;
Chronological Compendium is ascribed to Cyril Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. i. p. 185, vol vii. pp. 450,
alone. But to the proper title of this work is pre- 472, &c. , vol. viii. pp. 612, 615; Care, Hist. Litt.
fixed the inscription rewpylov Toù lolõou kal Kv vol. i. p. 583. )
planov; an indication, perhaps, that the writer of 45. SCHOLARIUS. (GENNADIUS OF CONSTAN-
the Codex intended to transcribe some of the TINOPLE, No. 2. )
works of George. The astronomical poem known 46. SYNCELLUS ; termed also ABBAS and Mo
as Empedoclis Sphaera, consisting of 168 iambic Nachus, lived in the latter part of the eighth and
verses, has been conjectured to be George's ; but beginning of the ninth century. He obtained his
it has been observed by Fabricius, that the writer distinguishing epithet from having been syncellus
speaks in one place like a polytheist, while all the or personal attendant of Tarasius, patriarch of
known writings of George are distinct expressions Constantinople, who died A. D. 806. Theophanes,
of Christian belief; and Quercius thinks this ob who was his friend, describes him as a man of
jection is decisive. Le Long speaks of Greek talent and learning, especially well versed in chro-
Commentaries on the Epistles of Paul by George nographical and historical subjects, which he had
of Pisidia as being extant in the Imperial Library studied very deeply. He died in " the orthodox
at Vienna, but they are not noticed in the cata- faith,” without completing his principal (and
logues of Lambecius and Reimannus; and it is pro- indeed only known) work, the completion of
bable that Le Long's statement is erroneous. which he strongly urged, as his dying request,
Some persons have improperly confounded George upon his friend Theophanes.
of Pisidia with George of Nicomedeia, who lived He is the author of a chronography, or chro
two centuries later (GEORGIUS, No. 36); and nicle, the title of which in full is as follows: 'Ek-
Cave erroneously makes George of Pisidia arch- | λογή Χρονογραφίας συνταγείσα υπό Γεωργίου
bishop of Nicomedeia, although he correctly fixes | Μοναχού Συγκέλλου γεγονότος Ταρασίου Πατριάρ-
the time in which he lived.
χου Κωνσταντινουπόλεως από 'Αδάμ μέχρι Διο-
The versification of George is correct and ele- KAqTlavoû, A select Chronicle, drawn up by George
gant, and in harmonious verses are very rare. He the Monk, Syncell us of Tarasius, Patriarch of
was much admired by the later Byzantine writers, Constantinople, from Adam to Diocletian. The
and was very commonly compared with Euripides, author states that he intended to bring his work
to whom some did not hesitate to prefer him. But down to A. D. 800; but, as already stated, he
his poems, however polished, are frequently dull, was cut off by death, and the work only comes
though in the Heraëmeron there are some passages down to the accession of Diocletian, A. D. 284.
of more elevated character.
The work is included in the various editions of
The Hexaëmeron and De Vanitate Vitae, with | the Byzantine writers. Goarus, the Parisian editor,
## p. 255 (#271) ############################################
GEORGIUS.
255
GEORGIUS.
1.
contended that we have the work of Syncellus in secretary, according to Hody, to the two popes,
a complete form, but the contrary opinion seeme Eugenius IV. and Nicholas V. (who acceded to the
to be the better founded. Possevino, Vossius, and papal crown A. D. 1447), but according to other state-
others have identified Syncellus with Georgius ments he received the appointment from Nicholas
Hamartolus (No. 27); but Allatius has shown V. apparently about a. D. 1450. He occupied for
that this identification is erroneous. Syncellus has many years a position of unrivalled eminence at Rome,
transcribed verbatim a considerable part of the as a Greek scholar and teacher, and a translator of
Chronicon of Eusebius, so that his work has been the Greek authors; but the arrival of many scholars
employed to restore or complete the Greek text of whom Nicholas invited to that city, and the su-
the Chronicon. The Chronographia of Theophanes, perior reputation of the version of Aristotle's Pro-
which extends from A. D. 285 to A.
