flight; but as, with his
exhausted
and undisci- 20; Val.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
)
(L. S. )
manuscripts vary in this point), of two books, and GALBA, the name of a patrician family of the
contains no abstract of the fourth book of the ge- Sulpicia gens.
nuine Gaius, concerning actions. It has been ably 1. P. SULPICIUS, Ser. F. P. n. Galba Maxi.
commented upon by Schulting, who gives a selection | MU's, was elected consul for the year B. c. 211, al.
## p. 204 (#220) ############################################
204
GALBA.
GALBA.
though he had never before held any curule magis- / moning Cn. Servilius from Sicily. In Bc. 200,
tracy. He entered upon his office on the ides of the year in which war again broke out, Galba was
March, and both the consuls of that year had Ap- made consul a second ime, and obtained Mace-
pulia as their province; but as the senate no longer donia as his province. The people at Rome were
apprehended much from Hannibal and the Car- highly dissatisfied with a fresh war being under-
thaginians, it was decreed that one of the consuls taken, before they had been able to recover from the
only should remain in Appulia, and that the other sufferings of the Carthaginian one ; but the senate
should have Macedonia for his province. When and Galba carried their plan, and the war against
lots where drawn as to which was to leave Appu- Philip was decreed. Galba was permitted to select
lia, P. Sulpicius Galba obtained Macedonia, in the from the army which Scipio had brought back from
operations against which he succeeded M. Valerius Africa all those that were willing to serve again,
Laevinus. At the close of his consulship his im- but none of those veterans were to be compelled.
perium was prolonged for another year, but owing After having selected his men and his sbips, he
to the boasting report which Laevinus had made sailed from Brundusium to the opposite coast. On
of his own achievements, Sulpicius Galba was or his arrival he met Athenian ambassadors, who im-
dered to disband his army, and retained the com- plored his protection against the Macedonians, and
mand of only one legion and of the socii navules, he at once bent C. Claudius Centho with 20 ships
i. e. of the fleet, and a sum of money was placed at and 1000 men to their assistance. But as the au-
his disposal to supply the wants of his forces. tumn was approaching when Galba arrived in his
During this year, B. c. 210, Sulpicius Galba na province, he took up his winter-quarters in the neigh-
turally could do but little, and all we know is, that bourhood of Apollonia. In the spring of B. c. 199,
he took the island of Aegina, which was plundered he advanced with his army through the country of
and given to the Aetolians, who were allied with the Dassaretii, and all the towns and villages on
the Romans, and that he in vain tried to relieve his road surrendered to him, some few only being
Echinus, which was besieged by Philip of Mace- taken by force. The Romans, as well as Philip,
donia. For the year B. c. 209, his imperium was were ignorant of the movements which each was
again prolonged, with Macedonia and Greece as making, until the outposts of the two armies met
his province. Besides the Aetolians the Romans by accident, and a skirmish took place between
had contrived to ally themselves also with Attalus them. The hostile armies then encamped at some
against Philip. The Aetolians in the battle of distance from each other, and several minor engage-
Lamia were assisted by 1000 Romans, whomments took place, in one of which the Romans
Galba had sent to them, while he himself was sta- sustained considerable loss. Hereupon a regular
tioned at Naupactus. When Philip appeared at battle of the cavalry followed, in which the Romans
Dyme, on his march against Elis, Galba had were again beaten, but the Macedonians, who
landed with fifteen of his ships on the northern were hasty in their pursuit of the enemy, suddenly
coast of Peloponnesus, and his soldiers were ra- found themselves attacked on their flanks, and
vaging and plundering the country ; but Philip's were put to flight, during which Philip nearly lost
sudden arrival compelled them to return to their his life. These engagements occurred near the
station at Naupactus. As Philip, however, was passes of Eordea. Immediately after this defeat
obliged to go back to Macedonia, which was Philip sent a messenger to Galba to sue for a
threatened with an invasion by some of the neigh- truce; the Roman deferred his decision till the
bouring barbarians, Galba sailed to Aegina, where next day, but in the night following Philip and
he joined the fieet of Attalus, and where both took his army secretly left the camp, without the
up their winter-quarters.
Romans knowing in what direction the king had
In the spring of B. C. 208, Galba and Attalus, with gone. After having stayed for a few days longer,
their united fleets, amounting to sixty ships, sailed Galba marched towards Pluvina, and then en-
to Lemnos, and, while Philip exerted all his re- camped on the banks of the river Osphagus, not
sources to prepare himself for any emergency, At- far from the place where the king had taken up
talus made an attack upon Peparethus, and then his post. Here again the Romans spent their time
crossed with Galba over to Nicaea. From thence in petty conquests, and nothing decisive was done,
they proceeded to Euboea, to attack the town of and in the autumn Galba went back with his army
Oreus, which was occupied by a Macedonian gar- to Apollonia.
rison, but was treacherously delivered up to Galba. For the year following T. Villius Tappulus was
Elated by this easy conquest he made also an elected consul, with Macedonia as his province, and
attempt upon Chalcis ; but he soon found that Galba returned to Rome. In B. c. 197, he and Vil-
he would have to contend with insurmountable lius Tappulus were appointed legates to T. Quintius
difficulties, and sailed to Cynus, a port-town of Flamininus in Macedonia, and in the next year,
Locris. In the meantime Attalus was driven by when it was decreed at Rome that ten commis-
Philip out of Phocis, and, on the report that Pru- sioners should be sent to arrange with Flamininus
sias had invaded his kingdom, he went to Asia the affairs between Rome and Macedonia, Galba
Galba then returned to Aegina, and remained in and Tappulus were ordered to act as two of those
Greece for several years, without doing any thing commissioners. In B. c. 193, Galba and Tappulus
worth noticing. The Romans afforded no efficient were sent as ambassadors to Antiochus; they first
assistance to the Aetolians, not even after the fall went to Eumenes at Pergamus, as they had been
of Hasdrubal, which considerably lessened their ordered, who urged the Romans to begin the war
care about the safety of Italy. The Aetolians had against Antiochus at once. For a short time
to act for themselves as well as they could. Galba was detained at Pergamus by illness, but he
In B. c. 204 Galba was recalled from Greece, was soon restored and went to Ephesus, where,
and succeeded by the proconsul, P. Sempronius. instead of Antiochus, they found Minion, whom
In the year following he was appointed dictator the king had deputed with full power. The result
for the purpose of holding the comitia, and sum- of the transactions was the war with Antiochuc
## p. 205 (#221) ############################################
GALBA.
GALBA.
205
This is the last event recorded of Galba, in whose would inform each host what territory they were
praise we have very little to say, and whose conduct to occupy. When they were assembled in the
in Greece, in connection with the Aetolians, greatly manner he had prescribed, he went to the first
contributed to the demoralisation of the Greeks. body, commanded them to surrender their arms, bure
(Liv. Ixv. 41, xxvi. 1, 28, xxvii. 7, 10, 22, 31-33, rounded them with a ditch, and then sent his armed
xxviii. 5—7, xxix. 12, xxi. 24, xxxi. 4—8, 14, soldiers into the place, who forthwith massacred
22, 27, 33—40, xxxii. 28, xxxiii. 24, xxxiv. 59, them all. In the samo manner be treated the
Xxxv. 13, 14, 16; Polyb. viii. 3, ix. 6, &c. , 42, second and third hosts. Very few of the Lusita-
x. 41, xvi. 24, xviii. 6, xxiii. 8 ; Appian, Maced. nians escaped from the bloody scene ; but among
2, &c. ; Eutrop. iii. 14 ; Oros. iv. 17. )
the survivors was Viriathus, destined one day to
2. SER. SULPICIUS GALBA, was elected curule be the avenger of the wrong done to his country-
aedile in B. c. 208, and three years later he was men. Appian states that Galba, although he was
one of the ambassadors that were sent to Asia to very wealthy, was extremely niggardly, and that
solicit the friendship of Attalus in the impending he did not even scruple to lie or perjure himself,
war between the Romans and Philip of Macedonia. provided he could thereby gain pecuniary advan-
In 203, he was elected pontiff in the place of Q. tages. In the year following, when he had re-
Fabius Maximus, and in this capacity he died in turned to Rome, the tribune, T. Scribonius Libo,
R. C. 198.
(Liv. xxvii. 21, xxix. 11, xxx. 26, brought a charge against him for the outrage he
xxxii. 7. )
bad committed on the Lusitanians; and Cato, then
3. C. SULPICIUS GALBA was elected pontifex in 85 years old, attacked him most unsparingly in the
B. C. 201, in the place of T. Manlius Torquatus, assembly of the people. Galba, although a man of
but died as early as B. c. 198. (Liv. xxx. 39, great oratorical power himself, had nothing to say
xxxii. 7. )
in his own justification ; but bribery, and the fact
4. SER. SULPICIUS GALBA was curule aedile in of his bringing his own children and the orphan
B. c. 188, in which year he dedicated twelve gilt child of a relative before the people, and imploring
shields in the temple of Hercules, out of the fines mercy, procured his acquittal Notwithstanding
which he and his colleague had exacted. In the this occurrence, however, he was afterwards made
year following he was appointed praetor urbanus, consul for the year B. C. 144, with L. Aurelius
and supported M. Fulvius in his demand of a tri. Cotta. The two consuls disputed in the senate as
umph. In B. c. 185, he was a candidate for the to which of them was to undertake the command
consulship, but without success. (Liv. xxxvii. 35, against Viriathus in Spain: great dissension pre-
42, xxxix. 5, 32. )
vailed also in the senate ; but it was resolved in
5. C. SULPICIUS GALBA was praetor urbanus in the end, that neither should be sent to Spain, and
B. c. 171. (Liv. xlii. 28, 31. )
that Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus, the consul of
6. Sær. SULPICIUS, SER. P. GALBA was tribune the year before, should continue to command the
of the soldiers, and belonged to the second legion army in Spain. He must have survived the year
in Macedonia, under Aemilius Paullus, to whom he B. C. 138, for in that year he spoke for the publi-
was personally hostile. After the conquest of cani. (Cic. Brut. 22. ) Cicero speaks of his talent
Perseus, B. C. 167, when Aemilius had returned to as an orator in terms of high praise, and calls him
Rome, Galba endeavoured to prevent a triumph the first among the Romans whose oratory was
being conferred upon the former ; but he did what it should be. He seems to have been a man
not succeed, although his efforts created consider- of learning; his oratory had great power, which
able sensation. He was praetor in B. c. 151, and was increased by his passionate gesticulation during
received Spain as his province, where a war was delivery. Cicero found his orations more old
carried on against the Celtiberians. On his ar- fashioned than those of Laelius and Scipio, and says,
riral there he bastened to the relief of some Roman that for this reason they were seldom mentioned
subjects who were hard pressed by the Lusitanians. in his time. (Appian, Hispan. 58, 59, 60; Liv.
Galba succeeded so far as to put the enemy to xlv. 35, 36, Epit. 49; Suet. Galb. 3; Oros. iv.
flight; but as, with his exhausted and undisci- 20; Val. Max. viii, 1. § 2, 7. $1; Plut. Cat.
plined army, he was incautious in their pursuit, Maj. 15; Nepos, Cat. 3; Gell. i. 12, 23, xiii. 24;
the Lusitanians turned round, and a fierce contest Cic. de Orat. i. 10, 13, 53, 60, ii. 2, 65, iii. 7,
ensued, in which 7000 Romans fell. Galba then Brut. 22, 23, 24, 33, 86, 97, Orat. 30, ad Att. xii.
collected the remnants of his army and his allies, 5, pro Muren. 28, Tuscul. i. 3, Acad. ï. 16, de Re
and took up his winter-quarters at Conistorgis. In Publ. iii. 30, ad Herenn. iv. 5; Fronto, Epist.
the spring of B. c. 150, he again marched into Lu- p. 85, ed. Rom. ; Meyer, Fragm. Orat. Rom. pp.
sitania, and ravaged the country. The Lusita- 120, &c. , 164, &c. )
nians sent an embassy to him, declaring that they 7. SER. SULPICIUS, SER. P. SER. N. GALBA,
repented of having violated the treaty which they a son of No. 6, succeeded Calpurnius Piso as
had concluded with Atilius, and promised henceforth praetor in Spain, and was consul in B. c. 108; and
to observe it faithfully. The mode in which Galba in 100, during the disturbances of Appuleius Sa-
acted on that occasion is one of the most infamous turninus, he took up arms to defend the republic
and atrocious acts of treachery and cruelty that against the revolutionists. (Appian, Hispan. 99;
occur in history. He received the ambassadors J. Obseq. 100; Cic. pro Rab. perd. 7. )
kindly, and lamented that circumstances, especially 8. C. SULPICIUS, SER. F. Galba, apparently a
the poverty of their country, should have induced son of No. 6, and son-in-law of P. Crassus Muci-
them to revolt against the Romans. He promised anus, was quaestor in B. C. 120. During the
them fertile lands if they would remain faithful transactions with Jugurtha he was accused of
allies of Rome. He induced them, for this purpose, having been bribed by the Numidian, and was con-
to leave their homes, and assemble in three hosts, demned in B. C. 110 by a lex Mamilia. Cicero
with their women and children, in the three places states that C. Sulpicius Galba enjoyed great favour
which he fixed upon, and in which he himself with his contemporaries for his father's sake. His
## p. 206 (#222) ############################################
206
GALBA.
GALBA.
1
a
defence against the charge of being bribed by Ju-
gurtha was read by Cicero when yet a boy, and
delighted him so much that he learned it by heart.
CVR
At the time of his condemnation he belonged to the
college of pontiffs, and was the first priest that was
ever condemned at Rome by a judicium publicum.
FCALLS
(Cic. Brut. 26, 33, 34, de Orat. i. 56. )
9. P. (SULPICIUS) GALBA was appointed one of GALBA, SER. SULPICIUS, a Roman em
the judices in the case of Verres B. c. 70, but was peror, who reigned from June, A. D. 68 to Janu-
rejected by Verres. Cicero calls him an honest, ary, A. D. 69. He was descended from the family
but sever
judge, and says that he was to enter of the Galbae, a branch of the patrician Sulpicia
on some magistracy that same year. He soems Gens, but had no connection with the family of
to be the same as the Galba who was one of Augustus, which became extinct by the death of
the competitors of Cicero for the consulship. In Nero. He was a son of Sulpicius Galba (Galba,
B. C. 57 he is mentioned as pontifex, and in 49 as No. 12) and Mummia Achaica, and was born
augur. Whether he is the same as the Galba who in a villa near Terracina, on the 24th of December,
served as legate under Sulla in the war against B. c. 3. Livia Ocellina a relative of Livia, the
Mithridates must remain uncertain. (Cic. in Verr. wife of Augustus, and the second wife of Galba's
i. 7, 10, de Petil. Cons. 2, ad Att. i. 1, ix. 9, de Ha- father, adopted young Ser. Sulpicius Galba, who
rusp. Resp. 6; Ascon. in Cic. in Tog. cand. p. 82; on this account altered his name into L. Livius
Appian, Mithrid. 43. )
Ocella, which he bore down to the time of his ele
10. SER. SULPICIUS GALBA, a grandson of No. vation. Both Augustus and Tiberius are said to
6, and great-grandfather of the emperor Galba. have told him, that one day he would be at the
He was sent by Caesar at the beginning of his head of the Roman world, from which we must
Gallic campaign, in B. c. 58, against the Nantaates, infer that he was a young man of more than ordi-
Veragri and Seduni, and defeated them ; but he, nary talents. His education appears to have been
nevertheless, led his army back into the country of the same as that of other young nobles of the
the Allobrogians. In B. c. 54 he was praetor ur time, and we know that he paid some attention to
banus. In B. c. 49 he was a candidate for the the study of the law. He married Lepida, who
consulship; but, to the annoyance of his friend bore him two sons, but both Lepida and her chil-
J. Caesar, he was not elected. He was a friend of dren died, and Galba never married again, although
Decimus Brutus and Cicero ; and in the war of Agrippina, afterwards the wife of Claudius, did all
Muina, of which he himself gives an account in a she could to win his attachment. He was a man of
letter to Cicero still extant (ad Fam. x. 30), he great wealth, and a favourite of Livia, the wife of
commanded the legio Martia. (Caes. B. G. ii. 1, Augustus, through whose influence he obtained the
6, viii. 50 ; Dion Cass. xxxvii. 48, xxxix. 5, 65; consulship. She also left him a considerable le
Cic. ad Fam. vi. 18, xi. 18, Philip. xiii. 16; Val. gacy, of which, however, he was deprived by
Max. vi. 2. § 11. ) According to Suetonius | Tiberius. He was invested with the curule offices
(Galba, 3; comp. Appian, B. C. ii. 113), he was before attaining the legitimate age. After his
one of the conspirators against the life of J. praetorship, in A. D. 20, be had the administra-
Caesar.
tion of the province of Aquitania. In A. D. 33
11. Sulpicius Galba, a son of No. 10, and he was raised to the consulship on the recommend-
grand father of the emperor Galba, was a man de-ation of Livia Drusilla and after this he dis
voted to literary pursuits, and never rose to a tinguished himself in the administration of the
higher office in the state than the praetorship. He province of Gaul, a. D. 39, where he carried on a
was the author of an historical work which Sueto successful war against the Germans, and restored
tonius calls multiplex nec incuriosa historia. The discipline among the troops. The Germans had
nature of this work is unknown. (Suet. Galb. 3. ) invaded Gaul, but after severe losses they were
12. C. SULPICIUS Galba, a son of No. ll, and compelled by Galba to return to their own country.
father of the emperor Galba. He was consul in On the death of Caligula many of his friends urged
A.
(L. S. )
manuscripts vary in this point), of two books, and GALBA, the name of a patrician family of the
contains no abstract of the fourth book of the ge- Sulpicia gens.
nuine Gaius, concerning actions. It has been ably 1. P. SULPICIUS, Ser. F. P. n. Galba Maxi.
commented upon by Schulting, who gives a selection | MU's, was elected consul for the year B. c. 211, al.
## p. 204 (#220) ############################################
204
GALBA.
GALBA.
though he had never before held any curule magis- / moning Cn. Servilius from Sicily. In Bc. 200,
tracy. He entered upon his office on the ides of the year in which war again broke out, Galba was
March, and both the consuls of that year had Ap- made consul a second ime, and obtained Mace-
pulia as their province; but as the senate no longer donia as his province. The people at Rome were
apprehended much from Hannibal and the Car- highly dissatisfied with a fresh war being under-
thaginians, it was decreed that one of the consuls taken, before they had been able to recover from the
only should remain in Appulia, and that the other sufferings of the Carthaginian one ; but the senate
should have Macedonia for his province. When and Galba carried their plan, and the war against
lots where drawn as to which was to leave Appu- Philip was decreed. Galba was permitted to select
lia, P. Sulpicius Galba obtained Macedonia, in the from the army which Scipio had brought back from
operations against which he succeeded M. Valerius Africa all those that were willing to serve again,
Laevinus. At the close of his consulship his im- but none of those veterans were to be compelled.
perium was prolonged for another year, but owing After having selected his men and his sbips, he
to the boasting report which Laevinus had made sailed from Brundusium to the opposite coast. On
of his own achievements, Sulpicius Galba was or his arrival he met Athenian ambassadors, who im-
dered to disband his army, and retained the com- plored his protection against the Macedonians, and
mand of only one legion and of the socii navules, he at once bent C. Claudius Centho with 20 ships
i. e. of the fleet, and a sum of money was placed at and 1000 men to their assistance. But as the au-
his disposal to supply the wants of his forces. tumn was approaching when Galba arrived in his
During this year, B. c. 210, Sulpicius Galba na province, he took up his winter-quarters in the neigh-
turally could do but little, and all we know is, that bourhood of Apollonia. In the spring of B. c. 199,
he took the island of Aegina, which was plundered he advanced with his army through the country of
and given to the Aetolians, who were allied with the Dassaretii, and all the towns and villages on
the Romans, and that he in vain tried to relieve his road surrendered to him, some few only being
Echinus, which was besieged by Philip of Mace- taken by force. The Romans, as well as Philip,
donia. For the year B. c. 209, his imperium was were ignorant of the movements which each was
again prolonged, with Macedonia and Greece as making, until the outposts of the two armies met
his province. Besides the Aetolians the Romans by accident, and a skirmish took place between
had contrived to ally themselves also with Attalus them. The hostile armies then encamped at some
against Philip. The Aetolians in the battle of distance from each other, and several minor engage-
Lamia were assisted by 1000 Romans, whomments took place, in one of which the Romans
Galba had sent to them, while he himself was sta- sustained considerable loss. Hereupon a regular
tioned at Naupactus. When Philip appeared at battle of the cavalry followed, in which the Romans
Dyme, on his march against Elis, Galba had were again beaten, but the Macedonians, who
landed with fifteen of his ships on the northern were hasty in their pursuit of the enemy, suddenly
coast of Peloponnesus, and his soldiers were ra- found themselves attacked on their flanks, and
vaging and plundering the country ; but Philip's were put to flight, during which Philip nearly lost
sudden arrival compelled them to return to their his life. These engagements occurred near the
station at Naupactus. As Philip, however, was passes of Eordea. Immediately after this defeat
obliged to go back to Macedonia, which was Philip sent a messenger to Galba to sue for a
threatened with an invasion by some of the neigh- truce; the Roman deferred his decision till the
bouring barbarians, Galba sailed to Aegina, where next day, but in the night following Philip and
he joined the fieet of Attalus, and where both took his army secretly left the camp, without the
up their winter-quarters.
Romans knowing in what direction the king had
In the spring of B. C. 208, Galba and Attalus, with gone. After having stayed for a few days longer,
their united fleets, amounting to sixty ships, sailed Galba marched towards Pluvina, and then en-
to Lemnos, and, while Philip exerted all his re- camped on the banks of the river Osphagus, not
sources to prepare himself for any emergency, At- far from the place where the king had taken up
talus made an attack upon Peparethus, and then his post. Here again the Romans spent their time
crossed with Galba over to Nicaea. From thence in petty conquests, and nothing decisive was done,
they proceeded to Euboea, to attack the town of and in the autumn Galba went back with his army
Oreus, which was occupied by a Macedonian gar- to Apollonia.
rison, but was treacherously delivered up to Galba. For the year following T. Villius Tappulus was
Elated by this easy conquest he made also an elected consul, with Macedonia as his province, and
attempt upon Chalcis ; but he soon found that Galba returned to Rome. In B. c. 197, he and Vil-
he would have to contend with insurmountable lius Tappulus were appointed legates to T. Quintius
difficulties, and sailed to Cynus, a port-town of Flamininus in Macedonia, and in the next year,
Locris. In the meantime Attalus was driven by when it was decreed at Rome that ten commis-
Philip out of Phocis, and, on the report that Pru- sioners should be sent to arrange with Flamininus
sias had invaded his kingdom, he went to Asia the affairs between Rome and Macedonia, Galba
Galba then returned to Aegina, and remained in and Tappulus were ordered to act as two of those
Greece for several years, without doing any thing commissioners. In B. c. 193, Galba and Tappulus
worth noticing. The Romans afforded no efficient were sent as ambassadors to Antiochus; they first
assistance to the Aetolians, not even after the fall went to Eumenes at Pergamus, as they had been
of Hasdrubal, which considerably lessened their ordered, who urged the Romans to begin the war
care about the safety of Italy. The Aetolians had against Antiochus at once. For a short time
to act for themselves as well as they could. Galba was detained at Pergamus by illness, but he
In B. c. 204 Galba was recalled from Greece, was soon restored and went to Ephesus, where,
and succeeded by the proconsul, P. Sempronius. instead of Antiochus, they found Minion, whom
In the year following he was appointed dictator the king had deputed with full power. The result
for the purpose of holding the comitia, and sum- of the transactions was the war with Antiochuc
## p. 205 (#221) ############################################
GALBA.
GALBA.
205
This is the last event recorded of Galba, in whose would inform each host what territory they were
praise we have very little to say, and whose conduct to occupy. When they were assembled in the
in Greece, in connection with the Aetolians, greatly manner he had prescribed, he went to the first
contributed to the demoralisation of the Greeks. body, commanded them to surrender their arms, bure
(Liv. Ixv. 41, xxvi. 1, 28, xxvii. 7, 10, 22, 31-33, rounded them with a ditch, and then sent his armed
xxviii. 5—7, xxix. 12, xxi. 24, xxxi. 4—8, 14, soldiers into the place, who forthwith massacred
22, 27, 33—40, xxxii. 28, xxxiii. 24, xxxiv. 59, them all. In the samo manner be treated the
Xxxv. 13, 14, 16; Polyb. viii. 3, ix. 6, &c. , 42, second and third hosts. Very few of the Lusita-
x. 41, xvi. 24, xviii. 6, xxiii. 8 ; Appian, Maced. nians escaped from the bloody scene ; but among
2, &c. ; Eutrop. iii. 14 ; Oros. iv. 17. )
the survivors was Viriathus, destined one day to
2. SER. SULPICIUS GALBA, was elected curule be the avenger of the wrong done to his country-
aedile in B. c. 208, and three years later he was men. Appian states that Galba, although he was
one of the ambassadors that were sent to Asia to very wealthy, was extremely niggardly, and that
solicit the friendship of Attalus in the impending he did not even scruple to lie or perjure himself,
war between the Romans and Philip of Macedonia. provided he could thereby gain pecuniary advan-
In 203, he was elected pontiff in the place of Q. tages. In the year following, when he had re-
Fabius Maximus, and in this capacity he died in turned to Rome, the tribune, T. Scribonius Libo,
R. C. 198.
(Liv. xxvii. 21, xxix. 11, xxx. 26, brought a charge against him for the outrage he
xxxii. 7. )
bad committed on the Lusitanians; and Cato, then
3. C. SULPICIUS GALBA was elected pontifex in 85 years old, attacked him most unsparingly in the
B. C. 201, in the place of T. Manlius Torquatus, assembly of the people. Galba, although a man of
but died as early as B. c. 198. (Liv. xxx. 39, great oratorical power himself, had nothing to say
xxxii. 7. )
in his own justification ; but bribery, and the fact
4. SER. SULPICIUS GALBA was curule aedile in of his bringing his own children and the orphan
B. c. 188, in which year he dedicated twelve gilt child of a relative before the people, and imploring
shields in the temple of Hercules, out of the fines mercy, procured his acquittal Notwithstanding
which he and his colleague had exacted. In the this occurrence, however, he was afterwards made
year following he was appointed praetor urbanus, consul for the year B. C. 144, with L. Aurelius
and supported M. Fulvius in his demand of a tri. Cotta. The two consuls disputed in the senate as
umph. In B. c. 185, he was a candidate for the to which of them was to undertake the command
consulship, but without success. (Liv. xxxvii. 35, against Viriathus in Spain: great dissension pre-
42, xxxix. 5, 32. )
vailed also in the senate ; but it was resolved in
5. C. SULPICIUS GALBA was praetor urbanus in the end, that neither should be sent to Spain, and
B. c. 171. (Liv. xlii. 28, 31. )
that Q. Fabius Maximus Aemilianus, the consul of
6. Sær. SULPICIUS, SER. P. GALBA was tribune the year before, should continue to command the
of the soldiers, and belonged to the second legion army in Spain. He must have survived the year
in Macedonia, under Aemilius Paullus, to whom he B. C. 138, for in that year he spoke for the publi-
was personally hostile. After the conquest of cani. (Cic. Brut. 22. ) Cicero speaks of his talent
Perseus, B. C. 167, when Aemilius had returned to as an orator in terms of high praise, and calls him
Rome, Galba endeavoured to prevent a triumph the first among the Romans whose oratory was
being conferred upon the former ; but he did what it should be. He seems to have been a man
not succeed, although his efforts created consider- of learning; his oratory had great power, which
able sensation. He was praetor in B. c. 151, and was increased by his passionate gesticulation during
received Spain as his province, where a war was delivery. Cicero found his orations more old
carried on against the Celtiberians. On his ar- fashioned than those of Laelius and Scipio, and says,
riral there he bastened to the relief of some Roman that for this reason they were seldom mentioned
subjects who were hard pressed by the Lusitanians. in his time. (Appian, Hispan. 58, 59, 60; Liv.
Galba succeeded so far as to put the enemy to xlv. 35, 36, Epit. 49; Suet. Galb. 3; Oros. iv.
flight; but as, with his exhausted and undisci- 20; Val. Max. viii, 1. § 2, 7. $1; Plut. Cat.
plined army, he was incautious in their pursuit, Maj. 15; Nepos, Cat. 3; Gell. i. 12, 23, xiii. 24;
the Lusitanians turned round, and a fierce contest Cic. de Orat. i. 10, 13, 53, 60, ii. 2, 65, iii. 7,
ensued, in which 7000 Romans fell. Galba then Brut. 22, 23, 24, 33, 86, 97, Orat. 30, ad Att. xii.
collected the remnants of his army and his allies, 5, pro Muren. 28, Tuscul. i. 3, Acad. ï. 16, de Re
and took up his winter-quarters at Conistorgis. In Publ. iii. 30, ad Herenn. iv. 5; Fronto, Epist.
the spring of B. c. 150, he again marched into Lu- p. 85, ed. Rom. ; Meyer, Fragm. Orat. Rom. pp.
sitania, and ravaged the country. The Lusita- 120, &c. , 164, &c. )
nians sent an embassy to him, declaring that they 7. SER. SULPICIUS, SER. P. SER. N. GALBA,
repented of having violated the treaty which they a son of No. 6, succeeded Calpurnius Piso as
had concluded with Atilius, and promised henceforth praetor in Spain, and was consul in B. c. 108; and
to observe it faithfully. The mode in which Galba in 100, during the disturbances of Appuleius Sa-
acted on that occasion is one of the most infamous turninus, he took up arms to defend the republic
and atrocious acts of treachery and cruelty that against the revolutionists. (Appian, Hispan. 99;
occur in history. He received the ambassadors J. Obseq. 100; Cic. pro Rab. perd. 7. )
kindly, and lamented that circumstances, especially 8. C. SULPICIUS, SER. F. Galba, apparently a
the poverty of their country, should have induced son of No. 6, and son-in-law of P. Crassus Muci-
them to revolt against the Romans. He promised anus, was quaestor in B. C. 120. During the
them fertile lands if they would remain faithful transactions with Jugurtha he was accused of
allies of Rome. He induced them, for this purpose, having been bribed by the Numidian, and was con-
to leave their homes, and assemble in three hosts, demned in B. C. 110 by a lex Mamilia. Cicero
with their women and children, in the three places states that C. Sulpicius Galba enjoyed great favour
which he fixed upon, and in which he himself with his contemporaries for his father's sake. His
## p. 206 (#222) ############################################
206
GALBA.
GALBA.
1
a
defence against the charge of being bribed by Ju-
gurtha was read by Cicero when yet a boy, and
delighted him so much that he learned it by heart.
CVR
At the time of his condemnation he belonged to the
college of pontiffs, and was the first priest that was
ever condemned at Rome by a judicium publicum.
FCALLS
(Cic. Brut. 26, 33, 34, de Orat. i. 56. )
9. P. (SULPICIUS) GALBA was appointed one of GALBA, SER. SULPICIUS, a Roman em
the judices in the case of Verres B. c. 70, but was peror, who reigned from June, A. D. 68 to Janu-
rejected by Verres. Cicero calls him an honest, ary, A. D. 69. He was descended from the family
but sever
judge, and says that he was to enter of the Galbae, a branch of the patrician Sulpicia
on some magistracy that same year. He soems Gens, but had no connection with the family of
to be the same as the Galba who was one of Augustus, which became extinct by the death of
the competitors of Cicero for the consulship. In Nero. He was a son of Sulpicius Galba (Galba,
B. C. 57 he is mentioned as pontifex, and in 49 as No. 12) and Mummia Achaica, and was born
augur. Whether he is the same as the Galba who in a villa near Terracina, on the 24th of December,
served as legate under Sulla in the war against B. c. 3. Livia Ocellina a relative of Livia, the
Mithridates must remain uncertain. (Cic. in Verr. wife of Augustus, and the second wife of Galba's
i. 7, 10, de Petil. Cons. 2, ad Att. i. 1, ix. 9, de Ha- father, adopted young Ser. Sulpicius Galba, who
rusp. Resp. 6; Ascon. in Cic. in Tog. cand. p. 82; on this account altered his name into L. Livius
Appian, Mithrid. 43. )
Ocella, which he bore down to the time of his ele
10. SER. SULPICIUS GALBA, a grandson of No. vation. Both Augustus and Tiberius are said to
6, and great-grandfather of the emperor Galba. have told him, that one day he would be at the
He was sent by Caesar at the beginning of his head of the Roman world, from which we must
Gallic campaign, in B. c. 58, against the Nantaates, infer that he was a young man of more than ordi-
Veragri and Seduni, and defeated them ; but he, nary talents. His education appears to have been
nevertheless, led his army back into the country of the same as that of other young nobles of the
the Allobrogians. In B. c. 54 he was praetor ur time, and we know that he paid some attention to
banus. In B. c. 49 he was a candidate for the the study of the law. He married Lepida, who
consulship; but, to the annoyance of his friend bore him two sons, but both Lepida and her chil-
J. Caesar, he was not elected. He was a friend of dren died, and Galba never married again, although
Decimus Brutus and Cicero ; and in the war of Agrippina, afterwards the wife of Claudius, did all
Muina, of which he himself gives an account in a she could to win his attachment. He was a man of
letter to Cicero still extant (ad Fam. x. 30), he great wealth, and a favourite of Livia, the wife of
commanded the legio Martia. (Caes. B. G. ii. 1, Augustus, through whose influence he obtained the
6, viii. 50 ; Dion Cass. xxxvii. 48, xxxix. 5, 65; consulship. She also left him a considerable le
Cic. ad Fam. vi. 18, xi. 18, Philip. xiii. 16; Val. gacy, of which, however, he was deprived by
Max. vi. 2. § 11. ) According to Suetonius | Tiberius. He was invested with the curule offices
(Galba, 3; comp. Appian, B. C. ii. 113), he was before attaining the legitimate age. After his
one of the conspirators against the life of J. praetorship, in A. D. 20, be had the administra-
Caesar.
tion of the province of Aquitania. In A. D. 33
11. Sulpicius Galba, a son of No. 10, and he was raised to the consulship on the recommend-
grand father of the emperor Galba, was a man de-ation of Livia Drusilla and after this he dis
voted to literary pursuits, and never rose to a tinguished himself in the administration of the
higher office in the state than the praetorship. He province of Gaul, a. D. 39, where he carried on a
was the author of an historical work which Sueto successful war against the Germans, and restored
tonius calls multiplex nec incuriosa historia. The discipline among the troops. The Germans had
nature of this work is unknown. (Suet. Galb. 3. ) invaded Gaul, but after severe losses they were
12. C. SULPICIUS Galba, a son of No. ll, and compelled by Galba to return to their own country.
father of the emperor Galba. He was consul in On the death of Caligula many of his friends urged
A.
