No More Learning

e. the Siol-Anmcha (barony Longford, Galway); rough, or rugged glen, now Glengariff), and that they proceeded from thence, and, the eleventh glen was O'Sullivan's principal stronghold. His night, they reached Aughrim Hy-Maine; when people began to separate from O’Sullivan private
ly, without his permission; in the first place cap
tain Tyrrell parted from him, and he himself was
obliged to depart, unperceived and unnoticed by overtook them on that occasion, were the son
the earl, on the Christmas holidays; their first the earl Clamrickard, namely, Thomas, the son night’s journey from Glengariff was to Baile Ulick, son Rickard Saxanach; Mac Coghlan, Muirne (Ballyvourney, in the barony of West John Oge, son John, son Art; O'Mad Muskerry, in Cork); the second night to the bor den, namely, Donal, son John, son Breasal, ders of the teritories of O’Keeffe and Mac Auliff and his son Anmcha, and active parties the
the barony Duhallow); the third night they O’Kellys, and many others who are not recorded, arrived Ard-Padraig (Ardpatrick, the barony with all their forces with them. O'Sullivan,
Coshlea, county Limerick); the fourth night O'Conor Kerry, and William Burke, the son Sulchoid (between Limerick and Cashel); they Shane-na-Seamar, with their small party, for they
they arrived there, the clans and parties their vicinity collected before and after them, and raised cry sides them. Of the nobles who
were the fifth and sixth mights Bel-na-Coilleadh;
the seventh night Leatharach (Latteragh,
Ikerrin, Tipperary); the eighth night Baile
Achaidh-Chaoin (probably Burrisokane, Us
keane, Lower Ormond); was not day who were harassing and pursuing them. O'Sul night during that space without encountering des livan made onset, with rage and anger, with perate conflicts and severe pursuits, which were fury and vehemence, towards the place where the valiantly and promptly resisted him. Having English were, for against them was excited his arrived the ninth night the wood called Coill entire vengeance, and animosity, and did not Fhinne (the forest Brosnach, according Mac stop until gained the place where beheld
Geoghegan), they remained for two nights that place; Donogh, the son Carbry Mac Egan, was their vicinity, and was boldly attacking and
shooting O’Sullivan and his people, that length was obliged slain, would not
cease the request O'Sullivan. When they could not get skiffs, any other boats, ready, they
their commander, and fiercely and quickly cut off the head the noble Englishman, namely, the
son captain Malby; that collected force was afterwards defeated, and great number them were slain, and doubtful the like number
sorce, fatigued after long march, and encom passed their enemies they were, performed
Youghai, his native town. At this time, according Mac Geogh
egan, the Spanish army, which was collected the exertions
of Red Hugh O'Donnell, assembled Corunna, and amounted
14,000 men; but the expedition Ireland was countermanded
when the news had arrived the fall Dunboy, which was the
last fortress held by the Irish Munster, and the Spaniards alto
gether gave the expedition Ireland after the death O'Don Hiberniae Compendium,” published Lisbon, 1621. Don Phi
nell. O'Sullivan Beare was along with his friend Tyrrell when the castle Dunboy was taken, and he afterwards went the North, join O'Rourke, recorded the Annals. This Donal O'Sullivan was the last prince Beare, and his ancestors, for
O’Sullivan was sea captain, the service king Philip, and those O'Sullivans, and some their descendants the Spanish service, were styled Counts Bearhaven.
did not remain
amount three hundred, were obliged Aughrim Hy Maine, engage and
fight,
their true valour was tried against many hundreds
that they gave them pitched battle, and
many ages, ruled over the territory which forms the baronies Bear and Bantry, the county Cork, and another branch the same family were lords Dunkerrin, Kerry. Donal O'Sul livan Beare, after the subjugation Ireland, retired Spain, where died, and his son, Don Philip O'Sullivan Beare, wrote the celebrated work Irish history entitled “Historiae Catholicae
4 x
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706 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1602.
such an exploit as they achieved on that day, in act valiantly defence their patrimonies against defence of their lives and renown. They proceeded the English, until should return them with from thence, after encountering great dangers, forces relieve them, and remain the camp betrayals, and way-layings, along the roads, until which they were, for their loss was small, al they arrived in Ulster. though they had been defeated. He told them,
Mac Namara Fionn (the Fair), namely, John, moreover, would not easy for them return
the son of Teige, son of Cumeadha, died on the
24th of the month of February, and Donal his son succeeded him.
Torlogh, the son of Mahon, son of the bishop
O'Brien, was killed in Hy-Maine by John Burke,
the son of Rickard, son of John of Doire-Mac Lachtna.
safe their country, they were inclined
so, for their enemies and opponents would pursue and attack them, and that those who were friendly and kind towards them, on their march Mun ster, would be inimical and treacherous them
their return their countries, and that they would attack and plunder them, and insult them. Mac Brody, i. e. Maoilin Oge, the son of The Irish leaders did not take his advice, and did
Maoilen, son of Conor, died on the last day of the
month of December, and there was not in Ireland
one historian who was a better bard and poet than
he ; it was he that composed these historical
poems as follows, in Dan-Direach (a kind of Irish verse, see Halliday’s Grammar, p. 155) “I will put
an obligation on the clan of Tail;” “Give attention
not act according his request, himself was
not among them, but resolved returning their countries; they afterwards proceeded, separate
bodies, without being under the general command any one lord, but each lord and each chief apart, followed their respective leaders and faithful
people. Alas! was not the same cheerfulness, to me, Oh Insi-an-Laoigh” (the ancient name of courage, valour, vaunting, threatening prowess
Ennis in Clare); “Know me, Oh Mac Coghlan;” “Let us make this visit to the clan of Cais;” “Strangers here are Cahir's race;” “From four the Gadelians have sprung,” &c. (See O’Reilly’s Irish Writers A. D. 1602). *
that the Irish had on their return that time,
which they had their first going that expe dition. The opinions the prince O’Donnell, and every thing foretold for them, were verified, for not only did their enemies rise up before and
Niall Garv O'Donnell marched with a force of after them, give them battle, but those who
English and Irish, from Fraoch-Magh, in Tyrone,
at the request of the lord justice, who was carry ing on a siege against the island of Fraoch-Magh
were friendship and union, and war alliance with them, rose up and were attacking and firing them every narrow pass through which they proceeded; was not easy for their lords and
at that time ; and he (Nial Garv), plundered
Cormac, the son of the baron, the brother of
O'Neill, and the Busdunach, and the country
westward as far as Magherastephana Ferma journey before them, the great numbers their
nagh), and took with them much prey and booty the lord justice Fermanagh.
enemies, the storm and severity the rough win
try weather, for was that time the end winter precisely; but, however, they returned
Niall Garv marched with another force Eng
lish and Irish into Brefney O’Rourke (Leitrim), their countries, after great dangers, without the
and carried away with them much cattle.
King James was proclaimed successor queen Elizabeth the 24th March, 1602, according
the English calculation; but, according the Roman computation, 1603, and was James VI. ,
As O’Neill, and the Irish who remained Ireland after the defeat Kinsale, the instructions and commands which O'Donnell, i. e. Hugh Roe, gave them before his departure for Spain, was
death any one note occurring, and each lord district endeavoured defend his patrimony
well could. was Rory O’Donnell,
son Hugh, son Manus, that O’Donnell, the
night before his departure, committed the com mand his people, his country, his lands, and every thing which belonged him, until should return back again, and enjoined O’Neill and
Rory friendly each other, both them selves were, and they promised him they would
-----
the kings Scotland (see Note 1603. )
chieftains, their leaders and warriors, defend and protect their people, account their long
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 707
be so. The Tirconnallians afterwards proceeded, O'Donnell and the English; Niall and Mac Swee under the command of the representative of their had engagement with party the Maguires,
lord, although it was equal to the parting of the
soul from the body to the most of them their se
paration from him, who had been, 'till then, their
commander and governor. O'Donnell’s son, i. e. ,
Rory, led on his people with resolute bravery,
through every difficult and intricate way, and through every danger and hazard which they en
countered since they left Kinsale, until they arri
ved, in the beginning of spring, in North Con
naught, where the cattle, farmers, property, and
flocks of the Tirconnallians, were throughout the lish and Irish, arrived Sligo, the summer country, in Corran, Lieny, and Tireragh of the precisely, and they resolved attack Rory O'Don Moy (baronies in Sligo). Good was the herd and nell, who was the south them, and on the shepherd who came to them there, for though mu people North Connaught general, order merous were the cattle flocks from neighbouring seize some their property. Cathbar, the son territories, which O’Donnell left his people on his Hugh Duv O'Donnell, went Oliver, and departure from them, Rory did not allow them to ratified his allegiance and friendship with him;
be restored, despite of him, to any country from where Cathbar had his residence and fortress that which they had been taken away, for he stationed time was, Dun-Aille, the west Sligo, and sir in various places, his soldiers and warriors, on the Oliverand Cathbar, with their forces, prepared go dangerous passes and undefended places of the Fermanagh, search prey and booty. When country, so that no one would attempt to pass Rory O’Donnell received intelligence those
when Rory returned to him, he gave him the accompany him his force oppose the Eng
O’Donnell, and Cormac, the son Donogh Oge
Maguire, was also taken prisoner him.
Niall Garv, with his brethren and the English,
did, had not equal force with the Eng lish, was remain protect his own people. As
sir Oliver, and Cathbar, with their forces,
proceeded boats Lough Erne, and they proceeded, and they plundered that lay their took and demolished Enniskillen; they also vicinity Fermanagh, and having carried off with
took Devenish and Lisgoole, and left guards them.
them much property, they returned their homes. Sir Oliver was informed the preparations made Rory O’Donnell, and how requested
O'Rourke accompany him obstruct him
Mac Sweeny Donogh, the son
Banagh (in Donegal), namely, Maolmurry, came Niall
and the Mac Cabes, which many them were slain, and they took Bryan, the son Dubh gall Mac Cabe, prisoner.
The island Kiltiernan, Fermanagh, was taken by Donal, the son Con O’Donnell, and
carried off much property from
Hugh Buighe, the son Con O’Donnell, took
prey from Tuathal, the son Felim Duv O’Neill, the estate of the tribe of Art O’Neill.
Sir Oliver Lambert, with large force Eng
them, to plunder or attack any of his people. O'Gallagher, namely, Owen, the son of John, was
in care of Ballymote on behalf of O’Donnell, since
he had proceeded to Munster, 'till this time, and
castle, which he took under his command. lish, the way which expected obtain The castle of Ballyshannon, in which were advantage them, and also requested him
guards from O’Donnell, was taken by Niall Garv aid him the war, until O’Donnell should re O’Donnell, and by the English, after they turn relieve the Irish, give him one his demolished and destroyed it by a great gun which strongly-fortified and impregnable castles,
they brought to and the guards escaped from place security for his wounded, helpless, and
safely, there was neither relief nor aid near sick people, and along with that permit his peo them, and was spring precisely that castle was ple bring their property and cattle into his taken. country. O'Rourke refused O’Donnell's son every
Inis-Samer and Inis-Mac-Conaill (in Donegal), thing requested him, and was grief and were taken Hugh Buighe, the son Con an insult him be thus refused, that what
military preparations,
allies and friends should
going relieve them:
O'Rourke, Bryan Oge, request him
was concerned that his plundered, without his his power, and went
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ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1602.
the forementioned expedition, and his animosity thought too long they remained that position,
against him was increased on account of and that the resolution they came was, force was therefore he sent to Athlone for additional the pass Ballagh-Buighe against Rory and
forces wreak his vengeance Rory. When O'Conor, and pass through despite them;
Rory learned that the English Athlone were but they were met and opposed the Irish, and
marching him the south, and the English fierce conflict ensued between them, which
Sligo the other side, took with him his pro great numbers the English were slain, and they
perty, his flocks, and his cattle herds, across the were finally compelled return back, having
Curlew mountains into Moylurg (in Roscommon), been greatly discomfited; they afterwards left the from thence across the Shannon into Muintir monastery, and they returned Roscommon.
Eoluis (Mac Rannall's country, Leitrim), and Rory and O'Conor returned across the Curlew Slieve-an-Iarain, Conmaicne-Rein, that mountain, and they encamped Ballysadare,
the English took nothing from them, and the oppose the English who were Sligo. hap English Athlone returned their homes with pened one time that party the forementioned out any victory that occasion. The people English were engaged certain place cutting
O'Donnell’s son returned back with their property the corn and green crops the country, for they again those places from which they had depart were not plentiful provisions, and they were in ed, viz. , Corran, Lieney, and Tireragh. stantly slain them. They remained for month
Rory himself proceeded, with the entire his opposed each other after that, and they con force, until arrived the island Lough Easke, tinued until the beginning winter, when the the eastern side Donegal, where O’Donnell’s lord lieutenant, namely, Charles Blount, lord guards were, and on which O'Conor Sligo was left Mountjoy, the general the war Ireland, sent imprisoned, since had been taken O'Don messenger and written despatch Rory
nell, till the end that summer. When he arri O'Donnell, requesting him come terms ved the place, his people were rejoiced see peace and cessation from hostilities. The import
Connaught.
About that time, viz. ,
harvest precisely, the South Connaught,
English Roscommon, and
mustered large force
O'Donnell again, and they did not halt until they arrived the monastery Boyle; Rory and
council; some them maintained that the death O’Donnell was not true, and that was cajole and deceive him, and bring them under the law, that fictitious story was sent him; another party maintained that was true, and that was good advice accept peace when
was offered them, and they length determined that and O'Conor Sligo should Athlone,
ratify their peace with the general; they
terwards went, and were well received by the general, and gave great honour and respect
the son O’Donnell, and made peace with him
on behalf the king, and confirmed his friend while they were the monastery. The English ship with him particularly, and afterwards
oppose them, and having proceeded across the Curlew moun tains, they encamped before the town the other side; they brought their people and their property
and cattle with them, from Moy O'Gara Cuil
O’bhFloinn (barony Coolavin, Sligo), and
left them their rear, the eastern end the
Curlew mountains, for they dreaded that they might plundered the English who were
Sligo, their absence, should they far distant from them. They remained for some time that manner confronted, watching each other, and many
O'Conor collected another force
people were slain and wounded between them
=
him; O'Conor promised his allegiance O'Don nell's son, and they having fatified their securities
and compacts with each other, set O’Conor
liberty, and they afterwards returned back into information that O’Donnell, Rory's brother, had
these was, that behoved him accept peace and friendship, and should not so,
died Spain, and that there was end the war by his death, and would great mistake and folly for him did not forthwith make
march against Rory peace with them. When they read the dispatches, Rory called his counsellors together, determine what should done, and they began deliberate
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A. D. 1603.
O’Neill, i. e. Hugh, the son Ferdorcha, and
arrived in Dublin on the 28th of March, 1602; on the 5th of May he proceeded towards Ulster against O'Neill, with a force of about 3,000 horse and foot, assisted by detachments from various garri
England, which given Morrison, details the dangers had formerly encountered the engagements the Moyry Pass Armagh, which says was “one the most difficult
lordship spoiled, burned, and ransacked all that country. ” He appointed Conor Roe Maguire, who had joined the English, chief Fermanagh, and placed him the principal house Mac Mahon, lord Monaghan, within two miles Fermanagh.
passages Ireland, fortified with good art, and with admirable industry; the enemy having raised from mountain mountain, from wood wood, and from bog bog, long Traverses with large
and high Flankers great stones mingled with sods staked both sides with Pallisadoes wattled
earth, and another place length, (see
Mountjoy then proceeded Newry
writing the lords the council
have left no man all the North that
resistance O'Rourke only excepted, who hitherto hath beenfurthest off from feeling the fury our prosecution;” and says the saine time that O'Neill was place incredible fastness O'Kane's country (Glenconkein), where was impossible do him any hurt, the ways being inaccessible an army.
says these fortifications extended three miles
note, page 681). the beginning June, Mountjoy advanced
able make any great
his ancestors, and set fire the ancient castle rather than
great bog, and way accessible but through thick woods almost impassable; was surrounded with two deep ditches both encom passed with strong pallisadoes, very high and thick rampart
earth and timber, and well flanked with bulwarks. Mountjoy sent his forces under Danvers and Chichester, attack this place, which was defended only by 42 musketteers and 20 swordsmen, who, after some resistance, surrendered the fortress, which was placed an English garrison, and the Irish soldiers were sent bound
the lord deputy Newry, the 19th August. Morrison says that great spoils were taken this fortress, consisting
should fall into the hands foreign foes. Red Hugh O'Donnell destroyed his castle from the English forces 1601, lest
like manner said
Donegal, recovering
should ever again fall
Munster was obliged
into their hands, for his expedition leave his fortress undefended, and
never returned Donegal
again. Mountjoy, advanced into Tyrone, saw the castle and
town Dungannon flames, and the place being thus deserted, he sent sir Richard Morrison with his regiment take possession the town, where soon after came himself with the rest the
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 709
6. Mountjoy's Erpedition to Ulster and Connaught in 1602. -
After the defeat of the Irish and Spaniards at Kinsale, in Decem
ber, 1601, O'Neill with his forces returned to Ulster, and Red
Hugh O'Donnell went to Spain to solicit succours for a renewal of
the war. Mountjoy camefrom Kinsale to Cork and Kilkenny, and and strong places, but conflict with the O'Neills and Mac
Mahons, many his men were slain, together with captain Willis and sir John Barkley, sergeant major the army, commander great note; the 29th July arrived Monaghan and sons. At this time Mountjoy, in a letter to the lords of the coun planted garrison there 300 foot and 25 horse, under Chris topher St. Lawrence (baron Howth), and captain Esmond, but finding Mac Mahon, says Morrison, “to stand proud terms, his
forces. O'Neill retired Castle Roe, the river Bann, plate and other valuable goods the chief persons the country,
O'Kane's country, and Glanconkein mentioned one the places where afterwards secured himself; was glen en
vironed with woods, bogs, and waters, forming an inaccessible fast ness, and situated apparently the southern part Derry, to
wards the borders Tyrone and Lough Neagh. About this time sir Henry Docwra, governor Derry and other places near Lough Foyle, had planted garrison Omagh, and having advanced with his forces, formed junction with Mountjoy Dungan non; their combined forces preyed, plundered, and laid waste by fire and sword, Tyrone and Fermanagh, along Lough Erne, far
Enniskillen. They took some O’Neill's fortified islands, and recovered three pieces English cannon; they took Magherloney,
which Morrison says was one O'Neill's chief places abode, and magazine for his war. From Dungannon, Mountjoy sent sir
Richard Morrison with 500 foot meetsir Arthur Chichester, who came with his forces from Carrickfergus, and was pass Lough Sidney (Lough Neagh, named after the lord deputy sir Henry
who had sent them there for safety from the English garrisons. This stronghold was situated the parish Magheramesk,
the borders Down and Antrim, near the river Lagan, between
Sidney), and land within few miles Dungannon. These forces
having arrived, were joined the lord deputy about five miles
from Dungannon, near Lough Neagh, where they erected fort, Mountjoy spent five days about Tullaghoge, the seat the O'Ha
which, after his own title, called Mountjoy, and placed garrison 850 foot and 100 horse, under the command Benjamin Barry and captain Francis Roe and this fort was
sir
gans near Dungannon, where, according Morrison, destroyed the corn all the country, and O'Neill's own corn, and with bar barous vindictiveness broke pieces the celebrated stone chair placed open field Tullaghoge, which the O'Neills were inaugurated for many ages, princes Tyrone and kings Ulster. Docwra here met the lord deputy, and brought with him O'Kane Derry, who had made his submission, and the same time Randal Mac Sorley Mae Donnell Antrim submitted, and
victualled from Currickfergus boats over Lough Neagh. Mountjoy then despatched Docwra Derry prepare his forces march far Dungiven O'Kane's country, act against
O'Neill, and Chichester was ordered bring his forces from Car rickfergus Toome for the same purpose, while the deputy him
attack O'Neill towards Killetro, thus hemming
all sides with least 6,000 men, all which forces
self was
O'Neill
were
Mountjoy then marched towards Monaghan, and took someislands
assembled twenty days, according Morrison.
Carrickfergus, Docwra from Derry, Danvers from Armagh,
with the garrisons from the forts Mountjoy, Mountnor ris, Blackwater, and Charlemont, and Mountjoy's own forces, the whole amounting least 8,000 men, were prepared act against O'Neill. Morrison gives account stronghold
Moira and Lough Neagh. Mountjoy letter
Cecil, the 19th August, says, “to-morrow,
God, am again going into the field, near
waste the country Tyrone. ” On the 20th, says Morrison, encamped midway between Newry and Armagh, and having heard that O'Neill had retired into Fermanagh, Mountjoy resolved “to spoil the entire country Tyrone, and banish all the inhabitants
the south side the Blackwater, that O'Neill returned he should find nothing the country but the queen's garrisons. ” To promote these objects planted garrison Augher, Ty rone, which was Cormac O'Neill's chief residence, being castle seated island, from which he took two brass cannons. On the 29th crossed the Blackwater Charlemont Bridge, and encamped that night Dungannon, which fortified, and left ward keep the place retreat for their men service, and
preserve the oats growing thereabouts for their horses winter.
refresh his troops, and England, says—“We
the Blackwater, and encamped near the river about five miles
east the fort Blackwater, and sent sir Richard Morrison with
his regiment across the river secure the passage the arm
against O'Neill; Mountjoy caused bridge built over the
river, and fort the Armagh side, which from his own name
Charles, he called Charlemont, and he left the fort captain Toby
Caulfield with 150 men. O'Neill's forces this time had mostly
all dispersed, and, according Mac Geoghegan and others, were
reduced 600 foot and 60 horse, and being totally unable cope
with the powerful army more than 3,000 men under Mountjoy,
he resolved abandon Dungannon, for many ages the residence O'Neill's called Inisloghlin, which was seated the midst
About the 10th August the forces Chichester, from
the secretary the grace
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710 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1603.
the greater part of the Irish of Leth-Cuin, accepted who wished to avail themselves of the same, were peace except O’Rourke; for general peace, and a proclaimed by order of his majesty, king James, restoration of their titles and estates, to all those after he had been appointed as successor to the
offered to serve the queen with 500 foot and 40 horse at his own charge. O'Neill at this time, with Brian Mac Art O’Neill of Clan naboy, Cormac Mac Baron O'Neill, and Mac Mahon, retired, says
Morrison, to the bottom of a great fastness towards the end of
Lough Erne, where, in the beginning of September, Mountjoy fol
lowed them as far as he could with his forces, but could not come
within 12 miles of them, besides, he says, they could proceed from
thence to O'Rourke's country to which the army could not pass;
and he says O'Neill and his confederates had at this time but 600
foot and 60 horse. On the 8th of September, sir Arthur Chiches
ter was sent to the garrison at Mountioy, and ordered to clear
Tyrone of all inhabitants, and destroy all the corn he could not
preserve for the garrisons. Mountjoy then marched back with
his army on the 9th of September, and divided all the waste lands
on the south side of the Blackwater towards Newry, between
Henry and Con O'Neill, who had made their submission; they
were sons of the celebrated Shane O'Neill, former prince of Tyrone.
Mountjoy only gave them leave to live there with their creaghts,
or persons who tended the flocks and cattle, and such followers
as should come to them till the queen's pleasure was further known,
and he enjoined them to sow their corn for the next year on the
plains. He then returned to Newry on the 11th of September,
and in his letters to the council in England and to Cecil, he says—
“We found every where men dead of famine, insomuch that O'Ha
gan protested to us, that between Tullaghoge and Toome there lay
unburied 1,000 dead, and that since our first drawing this year to
Blackwater, there were above 3,000 starved in Tyrone. ” In other 1603, according the Roman computation. This chronological passages Morrison relates, that from the excessive famine, persons
were reduced to the horrible extremity of eating human flesh. Thus the merciless Mountjoy devastated the country, destroyed the crops and corn, and produced a direful famine, which killed thousands, while many other thousands were massacred by the sword. He went to Dublin in November, and at this time em ployed Garret Moore command “the Brenny,” county
difference arose from the old practice commencing the year the 25th March having still continued England, while,
Cavan, and receive the submission the chiefs. One the O'Reillys came with 100 men, and Mac Gauran's sons with men and 1,000 cows from one the O'Rourkes. Mountjoy proceeded
the 24th the 24th
March, March her will,
Connaught the latter end November, and arrived Ath lone the 2nd December, where, the 14th, Rory O'Donnell,
well
brother Red Hugh, and O'Conor Sligo, came and made their submission; next went Galway where spent his Christ mas, and that town the O'Flahertys, O'Conor Roe, the Mac Dermotts Roscommon, and other chiefs made their submission. At this time all the Irish leaders had submitted except the few above mentioned who were joined with O'Neill, and Bryan O'Rourke, lord Leitrim, Cuchonaght Maguire Fermanagh, captain Tyrrell who had lately returned from Munster and joined O'Rourke, and Donal O'Sullivan Beare. The patriotic and va liant O'Rourke had this time considerable force, and held out
the last, and for his resistance the queen Morrison calls him “the proud and insolent O'Rourke. ” After the taking his cas tle Dunboy, O'Sullivan Beare, disdaining surrender the English, resolved join O'Neill and O'Rourke the North, and set out from Munster the last day December, accompanied by O'Conor Kerry and other chiefs, and about 400 men, according
Mac Geoghegan. their progress through Cork, Limerick,
and Tipperary, their way Connaught, they were incessantly
attacked the English garrisons, but effected their passage, and
fought their way through enemies all sides, with such deter mined bravery, that Mac Geoghegan compares their progress
the retreat the Greeks under Xenophon. On the 7th January they arrived the forest Brosnach, and having deliberated how cross the Shannon, they length decided constructing
number boats, made osiers and branches trees, and having killed some their horses for the purpose, they covered these Corraghs with their hides, and having conveyed them the night
Portlaughan, opposite Portumna, they commenced crossing the river. O'Malley, who went the first, was upset, with sol
the 21st April, 1613, “There double cause why
that people, (the Irish), first,
used the following expressions: should careful the welfare the king England, reason that land,
diers, but the rest reached the opposite shore safety.
van's men, their various conflicts, were reduced
proceeded through O'Kelly's country, Galway, but
gress was attacked Aughrim the English, under captain Malby and sir Thomas Burke, brother the earl Clanrickard. O'Sullivan's men, though opposed far superior force, fought with great bravery, and defeated their opponents, great numbers
whom, together with Malby himself, were slain, and O'Sullivan's men continued their progress Brefney, where they were well received by O'Rourke. Thus the valiant O’Sullivan, and his faithful followers, fought their way with amazing bravery, amidst excessive difficulties, through enemies, for 200 miles, the depth
winter. O'Sullivan Beare, captain Tyrrell, Maguire, and some other leaders, having assembled O'Rourke's residence Dro mahaire, Leitrim, and still faithful O'Neill, resolved, along with O'Rourke, proceed towards Lough Erne, and had several conflicts with the English garrisons. At the end January, 1603, Mountjoy returned Dublin, and during that month and February
corresponded with the queenand council, forming plans sub due the still formidable O'Neill. —See account O'Sullivan's forpedition, 705 the Annals.
706 the Annals, the 24th March, the 24th March,
the Roman computation, the year was commenced the 1st January, from the year 1582, according the chronology sir
Harris Nicholas, which time Pope Gregory the XIII. intro duced this improved chronology, together with the New Style,
called the Gregorian Calendar, instead the Old Style, Julian Calendar; therefore the 24th March, 1602, according one
computation, was exactly the same date
1603, by the other. Queen Elizabeth died
1603, and short time before her death,
she nominated James VI. Scotland her successor, probably
some atonement for having put his mother death. James was the son Mary Queen Scots, by her second husband and cousin, Henry Stuart, earl Darnley, son Matthew Stuart,
earl Lennox, and James's right the crown England was derived by maternal descent from the House Tudor, his an cestor, James IV. , king Scotland, was married Margaret Tudor, daughter King Henry the VII. , England. James
was the first English monarch the House Stuart, and united his person the right the crown the three Kingdoms, derived descent from the Scottish, British, Saxon, and Norman kings, well from the Irish kings, for the old Scottish kings, and the House Stuart, were descended from the Irish kings Milesian race, through Loarn and Fergus, kings Scotland the beginning the 6th century, who were the descendants the Irish prince Carbry Rieda, who planted colony from Ireland Albany, Scotland, the 3rd century, fully explained O'Flaherty's Ogygia, and Chalmer's Caledonia. King James put forward this claim the crown Ireland, for the account his reign, Cox's Hibernia Anglicana, stated, that speech delivered King James, the Council table White Hall,
that king James succeeded the crown 1602, the English calculation, but
the long possessionthe crown
and also king Scotland, for the ancient kings
descended the kings Ireland. ” After reign
king James died Sunday, the 27th March, 1625,
year his age. He was married the princess Anne
daughter king Frederic II. , and her had son, who succeeded
England hath had
O'Sulli 300;
his pro
A. D. 1603. King James I–It mentioned
Scotland are 22 years,
the 59th Denmark,
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REIGN OF JAMES I. 7 ll
queen over England, France and Ireland. Mac the Districts, namely, Maolmurry, the son of Mur Sweeney Fanat, i. e. Donal, went to Niall O'Don rogh, and Cathbar Oge, the son of Cathbar, son nell, to come under the law. Mac Sweeney of of Manus O’Donnell, proceeded into Tirconnell,
him as Charles and was put death by the Cromwellians; king James also had daughter Elizabeth, who was married
stay him, 'till her pleasure should further known; and the same time received another from her Majesty the 17th Fe bruary, wherein pleased her enlarge the authority given unto me, assure him his life, liberty, and pardon, upon some condi
tions rememberedtherein. And withal received letter from your self the 18th February, recommending me your own advice, fulfil far possibly could, the meaning her majesty's first letter, and signifying her pleasure that should seek all the best means can, promise him his pardon by some other succeeded deputy sir Arthur Chichester, governor Car name than earl Tyrone, and rather by the name baron Dun gannon, needs be, the name some other earl; secondly deliver him his country less quantity and with less power
Frederic, Elector Palatine Germany, and king
Bohemia, and the House
from then were descended the kings England, Brunswick or Hanover.
Lords Lieutenant. —At the death Elizabeth, Mountjoy was lord deputy, but having returned England 1603,
was succeeded sir George Carey, who was appointed lord deputy the 1st June, 1603, but was recalled 1604, and
rickfergus, and ancestor the earls Donegal. Chichester con tinued deputy the year 1613, when Thomas Jones, archbishop Dublin, lord chancellor Ireland, and the marshal sir Richard
than before had it; and lastly, force him clear his passes and passages, made difficult him against any entry into his country. ” Again says—“And first for her majesty’s first
Wingfield, were appointed lords justices. 1614, sir Arthur Chichester, then baron Belfast, was again appointed lord deputy,
and 1615, Thomas Jones archbishop Dublin, lord chancellor, letter, and sir John Denham, chief justice the King's Bench, were both made lords justices. 1616, sir Oliver St. John, afterwards
viscount Grandison, was appointed lord deputy, and continued
1622, when Adam Loftus, viscount Ely, lord chancellor, and
Richard Wingfield, viscount Powerscourt, were constituted lords
pray you sir, believe me, that have omitted nothing, power and policy, ruin him and utterly cut him off, either may procure his head, before have engaged her royal word for his safety, protest will and much more, ready possessmyself his person, only promise any other means, whereby shall not directly scandal public faith, can procure him put himself into
were utterly broken down, and their forces dispersed, still, 296. ) Thus, appears, that while the queen and Cecil, and their
justices. 1622, Henry Carey, viscount Falkland, was appointed lord deputy, and continued 1628.
life
the majesty
my power.
any man
serve only his life, which knoweth how well secure by many other ways, for fly into Spain, that the least whereof he can assured, and most men, but especially he, make little difference between the value their life and liberty; and deceive him think will hard, for though wiser men than may overreached, yet hath many eyes jealousy awake, that will impossible charm them. ” (Morrison, pp. 292
Submission O'Neill –In the course the year 1602, many the Irish chiefs, already related, inadetheir submission Mount joy, and others treacherously revolted, while many the most
But speak my opinion freely, think that he, his case, would hardly adventure his liberty, pre
and
valiant O'Neill's commanders and allies, Hugh Maguire, An thony O'Moore, Pierce Lacy, and others, were slain. The earl Desmond and Florence Mac Carthy were prisoners the Tower, and the heroic Hugh O'Donnell having died Spain, there were no hopes succour from that country; yet though the Irish chiefs
supported few faithful followers, O'Neill, with heroic forti tude, held out his fastnessesagainst the English forces, and their garrisons Ulster, amounting least 10,000 men. Mount joy, before-mentioned, proclaimed many the Irish chiefs, and
offered large rewards any one who would assassinate them for instance, he offered £1000 for the head O'Neill, and 2000 crowns for the head Tyrrell. Monstrous insolence proclaim
rebels and traitors those heroic and patriotic men who stood forward defence their homes and their altars, exercising only the natural right maintaining their national independence, and upholding their civil and religious liberty; endeavouring esta
blish their rights, and transmit their hereditary possessions their posterity. Notwithstanding the large rewards offered by Mount joy, he could find none the Irish base betray O'Neill in his hands, though one time offered reward £2,000
any person who would bring him alive. Mountjoy, his letters the council England, February and March, 1603, given by Fynes Morrison, says, “No subjects have more dreadful awe
treacherous tool Mountjoy, were negociating with O'Neill about his submission and pardon, they used every effort deceive him false promises, and even plotted against his life; but the wary O’Neill knew their bad faith, and took good care not surrender till had obtained his terms, with ample security and assurance, not only for life, liberty, and religious freedom for himself and his
allies, but also for the reversal his attainder, and that his title earl Tyrone, and his estates, with new Letters Patent for his lands, should granted and confirmed him by the crown.
lay violent hands
their sacred prince, than these people have their O'Neills; and hath the ancient liberty conquered nation work upon,
chief that fatal and odious, and not the name was fain leave before could have power for believe me, out my experience, the titles
rather weaken than strengthen them this country. ”
these negociations, queen Elizabeth died the 24th
which event Mountjoy received private information
and anxious have the honour receiving O'Neill's submission,
hastened the affair, well knew that O'Neill would means submit heard the queen's death. Mountjoy was
this time the castle sir Garrett Moore Mellifont, near Drogheda, and receiving the account the queen's death,
gave strict orders have the news concealed. He had previously the 25th, sent sir William Godolphin and sir Garrett Moore
touch the person
swelling and desire
their fear rooted out, and generally over the kingdom, the fear persecution for religion. ” Morrison says, the same subject, “However, the name O'Neill was reverenced the
During March,
North, none could induced betray him for the large reward set upon his head. ” appears from the correspondence between Mountjoy and sir Robert Cecil, secretary state England,
given by Morrison this time, that overtures were made O'Neill by some Mountjoy's agents, intinating that his submis sion would favourably received, but these proposals were made
with commission, dated from Drogheda, treat with O’Neil), bad faith, Mountjoy endeavouring entrap O'Neill into un and the 27th, having arrived Charlemont, Moore rode that
Tullaghoge, near Dungannon, where O'Neill was that the residence O'Hagan. On the 28th sir Garrett Moore Godolphin that O’Neill was resolved come the lord am directed sendfor Tyrone, with promise security for his deputy, and Henry O'Hagan, who brought the letter, gave assu life only, and upon his arrival, without further assurance, make rance the same. Mountjoy was very anxious conclude the
conditional surrender, and the following passageoccurs one his
night time, wrote
letters Cecil, the 25th March, 1603: “I have received by captain Hays, her Majesty's letters the 6th February, wherein
Mountjoy advised the queen restore his title earl Tyrone, considered would him more harn than good, and says,
“you but give him title which he did shake off mark his bondage, and that which falls from (O'Neill, prince Ty rone), accept this, did much prefer before this, the estate absolute prince, before the condition subject; and
the name of O’Neill with which he hath done so much mis
Tyrone, which
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7 12 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1603.
with their people and property, to war against As Niall Garv O’Donnell, letter came from Niall Garv and the English, and they did not Dublin him, requesting him appear before stop until they arrived in the Rosses, and in the the lord justice and the council, receive Patent
for Tirconnell, reward for his services, and aid the crown; however neglected that affair, that what did was Kilmacrennan, and
islands; they were not long there when they were
plundered by Niall and his brethren, who took
Cathbar Oge, and kept him a prisoner.
The peo
ple of Rory O’Donnell proceeded into Tircon sent for O’Firghil, the coarb Columkille, and nell, with their property, cattle, and great
wealth, the first month spring, and Rory
himself, with his party and forces Irish and English, along with captain Guest, previous his
was nominated the O’Donnell, without the per mission the king's representative, the
people having departed from the west, proceeded
take revenge and satisfaction O’Rourke, the general sir Henry Docwra, although was
namely, Bryan Oge, for his insult and dishonour, friendly, and great service him before that which had contemplation for some time time. Rory O’Donnell happened then
before that; that they plundered and laid waste Dublin, and having been summoned before the
Brefney, both crops and corn, and perty they laid hold for the most into the recesses and fastnesses
their pro them fled the territory;
lord justice, and the council, they sent letters and written despatches with him Henry Docwra,
commanding him take Niall Garv prisoner, and
speedily strike the former treaty with Tyrone,” and
despatched horseman Godolphin, commanding him hasten
the coming O'Neill. Godolphin rode from Charlemont, and
met O’Neill nine o'clock the morning the 29th Togher,
about five miles beyond Dungannon, and having produced his
Protection, which was shortly after delivered into his own hands,
O'Neill, along with Moore, Godolphin, and guard horse, where they arrived June, but their progress through the
rode Mellifont, where they arrived the 30th March, the afternoon; and the following day O'Neill made his formal sub mission writing the lord deputy, the terms which are given
country, the mob and many women flung stones O’Neill, and reviled him for the loss of their relatives who had been slain the
Irish wars. O'Neill was honourably received court by king James, but his return Ireland September, was escorted through England troops horse, protect him from the violence the mob. After his return lived peaceably Dun gannon till the year 1607, when, charge conspiracy against the state, and his friend Rory, Roderick O'Donnell, who had
Morrison. The vain-glorious Mountjoy, give himself the greater honour this transaction, states that O'Neill went on his
knees for more than tent submission;
there ask pardon
hour his chamber door, making peni absurd falsehood, for O'Neill did not come
favour, but merely make formal sub
mission, having taken good care have his terms granted and
confirmed him before came, for he was too keen otherwise
official account the queen's death, and the accession James This was the first time O'Neill heard the queen's death, and presence the council Dublin Castle, burst into tears, moved with indignation and regret that had been deceived into
lo
been created earl and having retired related. sketch
Tyrconnell, were forced fly from Ireland,
have trusted himself the power the treacherous Mountjoy,
Rome, they both died there hereafter the character and personal appearance
who had short time before offered for his head reward of Hugh O'Neill, earl Tyrone, has been given page 629 the thousand pounds. On the 3rd April, Mountjoy, accompanied notes. After the flight the earls, their extensive possessions, by O'Neill, rode Drogheda, and from thence Dublin the together with the lands all the other chiefs Ulster, were con 4th; the 5th, ship arrived there which sir Henry Danvers fiscated and transferred British settlers; and thus terininated brought letters from the lords the council England, with the
council. When the lord justice and the council received intelligence that, they were incensed
against Niall, nor was yet much esteemed by
few people were slain between them, including
Owen, the son Ferdorcha O'Gallagher, and arrived Derry, and the governor sent some Torlogh, the son Mac Loghlin, who fell each the commanders and captains Derry. (There other that occasion. party the English short blank here the Annals, but appears were left garrison Dromahaire, for the pur that refers only Niall Garv having been at pose devastating the country about them, and tacked and taken prisoner). Tuathal Mac-an O'Rourke was obliged remain with small force Deaganaigh O'Gallagher; Hugh Buighe, the son
the woods, the remote glens, and on the John Oge, and Felim, the son John Oge, islands the lakes his country, from that forth. with several others, were taken prisoners that
treaty with O'Neill, lest should break off hearing the queen's death; and Morrison says “for those reasons he resolved
having sent some captains along with him, Rory
premature submission, for had he held out till after the queen's death, could have protracted the war, and made far more favour able terms for himself and the other chiefs. O'Neill made new
submission king James, and sent letters the king Spain, recalling his son Henry from that country. He then returned Tyrone, and peaceably took possession his ancient seat Dun gannon, from whence, the latter end May, 1603, he was sum moned Dublin Mountjoy, accompany him England,
the power the renowned race the O'Neills and O'Donnells, for many ages princes Tyrone and Tirconnell, and after the O'Neills and their ancestors had ruled for more than thousand years kings Ulster.
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REIGN OF JAMES I. 713
occasion; Niall made his escape shortly after that, until the person who had committed the slaying, and he and his brethren, with their people, retired namely Donal, the son Con, should given into the woods of Ceannmaghair. for his release; Niall and Donal went the word
Manus Oge O'Sruithein was slain at that time protection before the governor, and Hugh Buighe by Donal, the son of Con O’Donnell, in revenge of was set liberty, and Donal was retained. Niall his brother, who had been formerly slain by him, O’Donnell afterwards proceeded England ask namely Calvach, the son of Con, and it were better forgiveness for his crimes, and obtain the reward for him he had not committed that act, for many his support, services, and aid the crown evils happened them, as the result of Rory O’Don England, from king James. Rory O’Donnell went nell, and the Irish who were joined with him, England for the same purpose, although the together with the captains who came with him services both the crown were not equal, and the country, and also captain Guest, who was each them was putting forward his claim Tir along with him Connaught, were commanded connell, that was then the king and the coun
pursuit Niall, his brethren, and people, appointed Rory O’Donnell earl over Tirconnell, prey and plunder them; this accordingly did, and assigned his own estate Niall, viz. from directed, that the smallest head cattle was Leachta-Siubhaine westward, far the Seasgan not left with Niall's people; and they carried off Lubanach, both sides the river Finn (about Lifford, Donegal), and they both returned Ire land peace and good terms, after they had
many thousand cattle with them, and great num
bers those who were plundered there, died
cold and famine. Rory divided the preys, and
gave their proportions the gentlemen who pro
ceeded his force. Hugh Buighe, the son Con,
was wounded his ankle, and he was sent be
cured into Cranmog-na-n Duine, the Tuatha
Ros-Guill precisely (Roscuill, near Sheep Haven, Torlogh O’Brien, died the month December.
Donegal); the same Hugh was taken prisoner the English, and was brought Derry, and the governor declared would not set him liberty
An excessive famine took place throughout Ire land”.
his contests with the Irish, took Galway and Mayo prey
4,000 cows, and slew 140 the people. 1588, Hugh Roe Mac Mahon, lord Monaghan, had give the lord deputy Fitz william bribe 600 cows get possession his own lands, but
was soon after hanged by Fitzwilliam and about the same time, Maguire, lord Fermanagh, had give Fitzwilliam bribe 300 cows have his country free from sheriff. 1600 and 1601, sir Henry Docwra, governor Derry, repeatedly plundered and ravaged Derry and Donegal, massacred the inhabitants, de stroyed the crops, and carried off upwards 3,000 cows. 1600, Carew, president Munster, plundered and laid waste various
parts that province. 1601, sir Charles Wilmot ravaged Kerry, and one occasion took prey 4,000 cows from Iveragh,
Depredations and Famine. —The Annalists mention dire ful famine this year; and accounts immense depredations, well many massacres committed by the English forces during the reign Elizabeth, and
Ireland consequence
corn, and cattle, are given
shed's Chronicles, Cox's Hibernia Anglicana, Pacata Hibernia, Leland, &c. , from which works the following particulars have been collected. 1563, the lord deputy, Thomas Ratcliffe, earl Sussex, the war with Shane O'Neill, entered Tyrone and took prey 600 kine, and another occasion Sussex seized the im mense prey 3,300 kine, and 1,500 garrons (horses) and mares, which divided amongst his soldiers, according Cox, and then returned Drogheda. 1567, the lord deputy Fitzwil liam, according Cox, plundered O'Neill's country, and took prey 2,000 cows, and 500 garrons. 1580, the lord deputy, sir William Pelham, marched with his forces attack the earl Desmond, and carried off from Clanawliffe, Cork, prey 2,000 kine and many sheep, and soon after took another great
the great famine which prevailed the wars, and the destruction crops,
Fynes Morrison's Ireland, Holin
prey
the earl
earl
Kerry, they drove the whole country before them, and took the enormous prey 8,000 cows, besides many garrons, sheep, &c. , and slew many people. At this time the deputy, lord Arthur Grey, plundered and laid waste various parts the country, and Leland says that all persons, both English and Irish race, sent complaints England his barbarity, saying would leave
nothing for the queen reign over Ireland, but “carcasses and ashes. ” 1586, Richard Bingham, governor Connaught,
Castlemaine Kerry. 1580 also, according Cox, Ormond marched with the queen's forces against the
Desmond, and about Dingle, Tralee, and other parts
thus been reconciled.
Niall Garv, the son Rory, son Eigneachan,
son Eigneachan, son Neachtan, son Tor logh the Wine O’Donnell, died.
Conor, son Donogh, son Murrogh, son
and the same year sir Samuel Bagnall took prey
with horses and sheep, from Muskerry Cork.
sir Arthur Chichester, governor Carrickfergus, plundered and
laid waste the counties Down and Antrim, destroyed the crops, and carried off the cattle. 1601, sir Francis Barkley took prey 3,000 cows Longford, and the same year plundered
the counties Cavan and Fermanagh, and carried off 2,000 cows, 200 garrons and many sheep. the years 1600, 160], and 1602, an
account has been given the expeditions the lord deputy Mountjoy, Leinster and Ulster, and the immense depredations and destruction property. 1600, Mountjoy plundered and laid waste Wicklow, Kildare, Carlow, King's, and Queen's coun ties, and Morrison says, that that harvest destroyed more than ten thousand pounds worth corn, carried off prey 4,000 cows, 700 garrons, and many sheep, and massacred the inha bitants; and, the same time, sir Oliver Lambert committed great devastations there, and carried off 1,000 cows, and 500 gar
2,000 cows,
1600 and 1601,
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71. 4 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1604.
A. D. 1604. was the death him who departed there, for O'Rourke, i. e. Bryan Oge, son of Bryan-na was the maintaining pillar and supporting prop
Murtha, son of Bryan Ballach, son of Owen, died
in Galley (in the barony of Iraghticonor, in Kerry),
on the 28th of January, and was buried at the mo nastery of Ros Iriala (Mucrus Abbey, at Killarney,
in Kerry), with the Franciscan friars. Mournful
rons. In 1601 and 1602, Mountjoy laid waste all Ulster; Mor rison says, “We marched into Ferney, the country of Mac Mahon, and there we burned the houses, and spoiled the goods of the in habitants;” and again, “We resolved to draw towards Monaghan, and spoil the corn of that country, being of exceeding quantity;” on another occasion he says, “We burned a town in O’Kane's country, together with many women and children in and killed also kernes and churls. ” Tyrone, Mountjoy burned and laid waste the country, and Morrison says, “our men cut down the corn with their swords, according our fashion. ” 1601, according the Pacata, sir Francis Barkley, with troops from Askeaton, proceeded Mac Auliffe's country Cork, and took from thence 1,000 cows, and 200 garrons, with much sheep and other spoils, and 1602, sir Charles Wilmot sent troop plun der Dunkerron, and other parts Kerry, and they drove off the immense prey 2,000 cows, 4,000 sheep, and 1,000 garrons.
Holinshed's Chronicles, (vol. page 427 430), are related many
plunders and massacres the English forces, during the war
Munster. On one occasion, says, “they drove the whole
country before them Ventry Kerry, and took the cattle the number 8,000 kine, besides horses, sheep, goats, &c. , and
all such people they met they did without mercy put the sword these means the whole country, having cattle nor kine left, they were driven such extremities, that for want victuals they were either die and perish famine, die under the sword. ” He relates several other depredations com mitted the soldiers, and says that one day they killed 400
the people the Slievelogher mountains and woods Kerry, and that they spared neither man, woman, nor child. Holinshed (B. 459), describes the effects the war Munster, fol lows: “And for the great companies soldiers, galloglasses, kerne, and common people, who followed this rebellion, the numbers
the tribe Hugh Fionn; was tower battle
cattle, well stored with fish, and now become waste and barren, cattle, the air birds, the seas, though full fish, yet them yielding nothing finally, every
mortar with the sword, famine, and pestilence, altogether, submitted themselves the English government. ” Spenser his “View Ireland,” page 28, thus speaks the beauty and fertility the country this time, “And sure yet most beautiful and sweet country, any under heaven, being stored throughout with many goodly rivers, replenished with all sorts fish most abundantly, sprinkled with many very sweet islands and goodly lakes, like little inland seas, that will carry even ships upon their waters, adorned with goodly woods even fit for building
sundry other good commodities, yielding fruits, the pastures
way the curse God was great, and the land barren, both man and beast, that whosoever did travel from the one end the other all Munster, even from Waterford the head Smer wick, which about six scores miles, would not meet with any man, woman, child, saving towns and cities, nor yet see any beast, but the very wolves, the foxes, and other like ravening
beasts, and many them lay dead, being famished, and the resi due gone elsewhere. ” Spenser his “View Ireland,” page 166,
speaking the effects the war Munster says, For, not withstanding that the same was most rich and plentiful country,
full corn and cattle, that you would have thought they should have been able stand long, yet ere one year and half, they were brought such wretchedness, that any stony heart would
some princes
have rued the same. Out every corner the woods and
glynns they came, creeping forth upon their hands, for their legs
could not bear them they looked like anatomies death they are not seen any part Europe; the rich fishings, and spake like ghosts crying out their graves; they did eat the wild fowl all kinds and lastly, the bodies and minds the dead carrions, happy where they could find them, yea, and one people, endued with extraordinary abilities nature. ”
bravery, and the guiding star conflict the Hy Briunians;
man, who did not allow Brefney
encounter and valiant defending
endangered during his time; man calm reflection, au
another soon after, insomuch the very carcasses they spared not scrape out their graves; and they found plot water cresses shamrocks, there they flocked feast for the time, yet not able long continue there withal; that short space there were none almost left, and most populous and plentiful country suddenly left void man and beast. ” Spenser the poet was Munster many years, and the last time was there was
the year 1597, was eye witness some the horrors he describes. Fynes Morrison, who accompanied Mountjoy
Ulster 1602, relates many horrible instances famine that province; amongst others gives account some persons
Newry who made fires the fields, and driven by direful hunger, devoured some young children. He relates many other dreadful cases famine, and says, “And spectacle was more frequent the ditches towns, and especially wasted countries, than
see multitudes these poor people dead, with their mouths all coloured green by eating nettles, docks, and all things they could
rend up above ground. ” Mountjoy, letter the lords the council England, says, “from O’Kane's country northward Tyrone, we have left mone give opposition, nor late have seen any but dead carcasses, merely starved for want meat;” and again says, when Tyrone, “O'Hagan protested unto us, that betweenTullaghoge and Toome, there lay unburied thou sand dead, and since our first drawing this year Blackwater, there were above three thousand starred Tyrone. ” (Morrison,
pp. 200, 283, 284). Cox, speaking the year 1602, says that the famine the siege Jerusalem, when taken by the Romans, was not greater than that Ireland this time. Le land, (B. chap. 3), says these wars Munster, “The
them are infinite whose blood the earth drank up, and whose carcasses the heasts the field, and the ravening fowls the air, did consume and devour. After this followed extreme famine, and such whom the sword did not destroy, the same did consume and eat out; for they were not only driven eat horses, dogs, and dead carrions, but also did devour the carcasses dead men. ” Again says, “the land itself, which before those wars was populous, well inhabited, and rich all the good blessings God, being plenteous corn, full
southern province seemed
within the cities, exhibited
lation. ” Sir John Davis,
under the command lord Mountjoy, broke, and absolutely sub dued all the lords and chieftains the Irish, and degenerate rebellious English, whereupon the multitude being beat were
totally depopulated, and except hideous scene famine and deso his Tracts, page 58, says, “The army,
houses and ships, commodiously, that
the world had them, they would soon hope
seas, and ere long all the world; also full
and havens, opening upon England, inviting come unto them see what excellent commodities that country can afford, besides the soil itself most fertile, yield all kind fruit that shall committed thereunto; and lastly, the heavens most mild and temperate. ” Sir John Davis, attorney-general Ireland, the reign James says, “I have visited all the provinces that kingdom, sundry journeys and circuits; wherein have observed the good temperature the air, the fruitfulness the soil, the pleasant and commodious seats for habitation, the safe and large ports and havens lying open for traffic into all the west parts the world, the long inlets many navigable rivers, and
many great lakes and fresh ponds within the land, the like
be lords all the very good ports
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thority amongst his friends, and fierce to his ene
mies; a man the most illustrious for justice, hos pitality, excellence, noble deeds, circumspection,
and prudence, of any that lived of his tribe for a
long time.
A. D. 1605.
Sir Arthur Chichester, lord justice of Ireland,
and the earl of Tyrone, namely, Hugh, the son of
Ferdorcha, came to Strabane, and O’Neill was de
manding a portion of the estate which Niall O’Don
nell had obtained from the king, viz. , the Moen
tacht; Niall brought before the lord justice the securities which he had for the Moentacht in suc
cession, from his ancestors, and besides, the charts which Manus O’Donnell exacted from O’Neill,
Torlogh, died Druim-Arc, near the town
O'Boyle, on the 3rd May, and was buried Donegal.
Maguire, i. e. Cuchonacht, and Donogh, the son Mahon, son the bishop O’Brien, brought
ship with them Ireland, and they entered the harbour Suiligh (Lough Swilly, Donegal).
They took with them from Ireland the earl O’Neill, namely Hugh, the son Ferdorcha, and the earl O’Donnell, i. e. Rory, the son Hugh, son Manus, together with great number the nobles
the province Ulster. The persons who ac companied O'Neill were the countess, namely Ca therine, the daughter Magennis, her three sons, Hugh the baron, John, and Bryan; Art Oge, the son Cormac, son the baron; Ferdorcha, son
Con, the son O’Neitl; Hugh Oge, the son Bryan, son Art O’Neill, along with great num
man who experienced defending his patri mony against his brother O’Rourke, Bryan Oge; man who was not expected would have
much trouble and injury
the mother
O'Boyle,
that Teige.
A. D. 1606.
A. D. 1607. Teige Oge, the son
Teige, son
A. D. 1607.
The Flight and Death the Earls. -The circumstances
connected with these events are given by Cox, Leland, Mac Geoghegan, Curry, Taaffe, and various other historians. Cox,
REIGN OF JAMES I. 715
namely, Con Bacach, for the release of Henry, the
son of John, who was in imprisonment with
O’Donnell, i. e. Manus, until he got those charts for
his release, and the lord justice, Arthur, having ber his faithful friends. Those who accompa
understood the arguments both parties, ad judged the Moentacht Niall, and said thatO’Neill could not right claim the land, for the title be
nied the earl O’Donnel were Cathbar his brother,
with his sister Nuala, and Hugh, son the earl, who wanted three weeks being year old; Rose, daughter O’Dogherty, the wife Cathbar, with her son Hugh, aged two years
came long extinct, had they were both obliged
O’Rourke, Teige Bryan-na-Murtha, son Owen, lord Brefney,
exceeded sixty years,and abide that decision.
the Wine, the son Bryan Ballach, son
died his bed, but rather should fall sword spear; man who encountered hard contested conflicts, and many perilous hazards, maintain ing the inheritance his patrimony, and becoming
successor his father, until length God granted him lordship; died, and was buried with due honours the monastery St. Francis Car rickpatrick (at Dromahaire, Leitrim). Mary Burgh, daughter the earl Clanrickard, was
and quarter; his Donal; Naghtan,
brother's son, Donal Oge, son
the son Calvach, son
O’Donnell, together with great number his
faithful friends; was on the festival the Cross harvest (14th September), they embarked
the ship. That was distinguished company for one
ship, for most certain that the sea has not borne nor the wind wafted from Ireland the latter times
party any one ship more eminent, illustrious, and noble than they were, point genealogy,
more distinguished for great deeds, renown, feats arms, and valorous achievements; and would that God had granted them remain their patrimonies, until their youths should arrive
the age manhood Woe the heart that
meditated woe the mind that planned woe
the council that determined the project which
caused the party who went that voyage de
part, while they had prospect the end their lives returning safe their hereditary estates,
patrimonial inheritance! "
his Hiberma Anglicana, relates the matter thus:—“On the 7th May, 1607, letter directed William Usher, clerk the council, was dropped the council chamber Dublin Castle,
which discovered conspiracy the earls Tyrone and Tircon
Donogh Cairbreach
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716 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1608.
A. D. 1608. the governor abused him in language, with scorn
Grievous dissensions and strife arose between
the governor, who was in Derry Columkille, name castigation, so that he preferred death to life, ra ly, sir George Pawlett, and O’Dogherty, i. e. ther than endure the insult and dishonour he re Cahir, the son of John Oge; it was not only that ceived, and he would not delay or put off being
from arrest, but were ordered to appear on the following day. In
the meantime, says Mac Geoghegan, some false friends in the
council advised them privately to consult for their safety, on
which, fearing that hired witnesses would be produced against
them, and their lives endangered, they fled from Ireland, as above
recorded in the Annals. Some of the O’Neills, O'Donnells,
O'Kanes, and other chiefs, were executed in Dublin, and others
were imprisoned in the tower of London. The baron of Delvin
wards pardoned. The earls O'Neill and O’Donnell, with some other chiefs, set sail for France and landed in Normandy, on which, according to Mac Geoghegan, the English ambassador at
nell, Maguire, O'Cahan, the lord of Delvin, and almost all the Irish of Ulster, to surprise the castle of Dublin, and murder the
lord deputy and council, and set up for themselves. ” “They had sent,” says Cox, “a baron to the arch-dukes to solicit assistance, and probably had employed somebody else to Spain; but as soon
as they had notice that their plot was discovered, the earls of Tyrone and Tirconnell, and the lord Maguire fled heyond seas to
get Spanish aid, and the rest did shift for themselves as well as they could, but some were taken and executed. ” In Curry's
was imprisoned in Dublin Castle, but he made his escape and fled to O'Reilly's castle of Cloughoughter in Cavan, but was after
“Civil Wars,” (chap. 5), the following account of the affair is
given from a work by Doctor Carleton, bishop of Chichester,
wherein it is stated, that George Montgomery, bishop of Derry,
having attempted to recover certain church lands belonging to his
see, which it is said were held by O'Neill, the bishop by some the court of king Henry the IV. , demanded they should be sur means obtained the assistance of ty'Cahamor O’Kane, as a witness
for the recovery of the said lands. O'Cahan was brought for that purpose before the council in Dublin. O'Neill was likewise sum moned to appear in Dublin regarding the suit, but having, it is
said, entered into a plot against the state some time before, he was afraid that O'Cahan, who knew of the conspiracy, had revealed it to the government, on which O'Neill and his confederates fled out of Ireland; but Curry altogether disbelieves the existence of this pretended conspiracy, and says, “the accounts were framed to give some colour of right to public acts of slander, oppression, and rapine. ” In the Preface to Borlase’s “Rebellion of 1641,” refer ence is made to this matter by Henry Jones, bishop of Meath, who states, that in the year 1607 there was “a providential dis covery of another rebellion in Ireland, the lord Chichester being deputy; the discoverer not being willing to appear, a letter from him, not subscribed, was superscribed to sir William Usher, clerk of the council, and dropped in the council chamber, then held in the castle of Dublin, in which was mentioned a design for seizing the castle and murdering the deputy, with a general revolt, and dependance on Spanish forces, and this also for religion. ” This letter was dropped in the council chamber on the 19th of May, and its contents are given in Lodge's Peerage, on the Nugents, earls of Westineath. In the work called “Anderson's Royal Genealogies,” (page 786), another account is given of this affair, in which the contrivance of the plot is attributed to Robert Cecil, earl of Salisbury, the secretary of state in England. Anderson says, “artful Cecil employed one St. Lawrence to entrap the earls of Tyrone and Tirconnell, the lord of Delvin, and other Irish chiefs, into a sham plot which had no evidence but his ; but those chiefs being informed that witnesses were to be hired against them, foolishly fled from Dublin, and so taking guilt upon them they were declared rebels; and six entire counties in Ulster were at once forfeited to the crown, which was what their enemieswanted. ” Mac Geoghegan gives the same account, and considers the whole business to have been planned by the secretary Cecil, who he says, employed for that purpose Christopher St. Lawrence, baron of
Howth, who, “to entrap the leaders of the Catholics, invited them to a secret conference;” he further states, that the earls O’Neill and O'Donnell, with Richard Nugent, baron of Delvin, and other Catholics of distinction, attended this meeting, at which St. Law rence made them swear not to divulge what he would communicate and informed them, “that the court of England had determined to eradicate the Catholic religion out of Ireland, and force them to be come Protestants;” he then advised them to stand in their defence, but afterwards, says Mac Geoghegan, accused them to the king of having formed secret designs against the state, and O'Neill and others being summoned before the council, and finding themselves unexpectedly confronted by St. Lawrence, acknowledged they attended the meeting, but repelled the calumny of having entered
into any treasonable plot against the state; and no evidence having been produced against them, they were allowed to depart free
rendered as rebels to king James, but Henry refused the request with scorn, as an act beneath the dignity of a king. The earls next proceeded to Flanders, where they were well received by the archduke Albert, who then governed the Low Countries; and they lastly retired to Rome, where they were kindly and honour ably received by Pope Paul V. , who, together with the king of Spain, granted pensions for their support. Most of those illus trious exiles died soon after; Constantine Maguire died at Geneva in the same year, while preparing to go to Spain; the earl O'Don nell died at Rome in 1608, as recorded in the Annals, not in 1617, as stated by several writers; and his brother Cathbar died at Rome in the same year, and also Hugh O'Neill, baron of Dungan non, son of Hugh, the earl. The heroic Hugh O'Neill himself, the last representative of the ancient kings of Ulster, died at Rome in the year 1616, old, blind, and broken down by many misfortunes; his son Henry, who was in the Spanish service, was assassinated a few years afterwards at Brussels. The princes and chiefs of Tyrone and Tirconnell who died at Rome, were buried on St. Peter's Hill, in the Franciscan church of Monte Aureo, according to De Burgo, who gives the Latin inscription on their monument in the supplement to his Hibernia Dominicana. In O’Reilly's Irish Writers, at A. D. 1600, and in these Annals at the year 1608, an account is given of Owen Roe Mac Ward, who was chief bard to the O’Donnells, and accompanied the earls in their exile to Rome. He wrote a beautiful elegiac poem on the death of the princes of Tyrone and Tirconnell, in which he addresses Nuala, the sister of the earl Roderic O’Donnell, and he pathetical ly representsher as weeping alone over the graves of the princes on St. Peter's Hill. This poem, translated from the Irish, has beenad mirably versified by Clarence Mangan, of which the following verses afford a favorable specimen. There are allusions in it to the great victories gained over the English by the O’Neills and O’Donnells in the North, and which have been recorded in these Annals, as the battles of Athbuidhe or the Yellow Ford, of Ballaghmoyre or the Moyry Pass, of Ashanee or Ballyshannon, of Mullaghbrack, of the Curlew Mountains, &c. ; and the poem concludes with an allusion to the blood of Conn, meaning the O'Neills and O'Don nells, one of whose ancestors was Conn of the Hundred Battles, a celebrated king of Ireland, in the second century.
“O woman of the piercing wail,
Who mournest o'er yon mound of clay,
With sigh and groan;
Would God thou wert among the Gael !
Thou wouldst not then from day to day Weep thus alone.
'Twere long before, around a grave, In green Tirconnell, one could find
This loneliness;
Near where Beann-Boirche’s banners wave,
Such grief as thine could ne'er have pined Companionless.
and contempt, but also inflicted on him a personal
REIGN OF JAMES I. 717 revenged, but became so filled with anger and and mad; so that what he did was, to advise with
fury, that it was a wonder he did not go distracted
“Beside the wave, in Donegal,
In Antrim's glens, or fair Dromore, Or Killilee;
Or where the sunny waters fall, At Assaroe, near Erna's shore,
This could not be.
On Derry's plains—in rich Drumclieff,
Throughout Armagh the Great, renowned In olden years,
No day could pass but Woman's grief Would rain upon the burial-ground
Fresh floods of tears :
“O no —from Shannon, Boyne and Suir, From high Dunluce's castle walls,
From Lisadill,
Would flock alike both rich and poor,
One wail would rise from Cruachan's halls
To Tara's Hill ;
And some would come from Barrow-side,
And many a maid would leave her home On Leitrim's plains,
And by melodious Banna's tide,
And by the Mourne and Erne, to come,
And swell thy strains!
“Two princes of the line of Conn Sleep in their cells of clay beside
O'Donnell Roe :
Three royal youths, alas! are gone,
Who lived for Erin's weal, but died For Erin's woe
Ah! could the men of Ireland read
The names these noteless burial-stones
Display to view,
Their wounded hearts afresh would bleed,
Their tears gush forth again, their groans Resound anew '
“The youths whose relics moulder here
Were sprung from Hugh, high Prince and Lord
Of Aileach's lands; “Thy noble brothers, justly dear,
Thy nephew, long to be deplored
By Ulster's bands.
Their's were not souls wherein dull Time
Could domicile Decay, or house Decrepitude
They passed from earth ere Manhood's prime, Ere years had power to dim their brows
“And who can marvel o'er thy grief,
Or who can blame thy flowing tears
That knows their source 2 O'Donnell, Dunnasava's chief,
Cut off amid his vernal years, Lies here a corse
Beside his brother Cathbar, whom Tirconnell of the Helmets mourns
In deep despair—
For valour, truth, and comely bloom, For all that greatens and adorns,
A peerless pair.
“O, had these twain, and he, the third,
The lord of Mourne, O'Niall's son, Their mate in death—
A prince in look, in deed, and word—
Had these three heroes yielded on The field their breath.
his faithful friends how he should be avenged for
O, had they fallen on Crimthan's plain, There would not be a town or clan
From shore to sea,
But would with shrieks bewail the slain,
Or chant aloud the exulting rann (verse) Of Jubilee!
“When high the shout of battle rose,
On fields where Freedom's torch still burned
Through Erin's gloom, If one, if barely one of those
Were slain, all Ulster would have mourned The hero's doom
If at Athbuighe, where hosts of brave Ulidian horsemen sank beneath
The shock of spears,
Young Hugh O'Neill had found a grave,
Long must the North have wept his death, With heart-wrung tears :
“If on the day of Ballaghmoyre,
The lord of Mourne had met, thus young
A warrior's fate,
In vain would such as thou desire
To mourn alone the champion sprung From Niall the Great :
No marvel this— for the dead, Heaped the field, pile over pile,
At Mullaghbrack,
Were scarce Eric for his head,
Or chill their blood.
“O, had the fierce Dalcassian swarm, That bloody night Fergus' banks
But slain our Chief,
When rose his camp wild alarm,
How would the triumph his ranks Be dashed with grief:
How would the troops Murbach mourn, the Curlew Mountains' day,
Which England rued,
Some Saxon hand had left them lorn, By shedding there amid the fray, Their Prince's blood
“Red would have been our warriors’ eyes Had Roderick found Sligo's field
gory grave;
No Northern chief would soon arise, sage guide, strong shield,
So swift save.
Long would Leith-Cuinn have wept, Hugh Had met the death he oft had dealt
Among the foe;
But, had our Roderick fallen too, All Erin must, alas! have felt
The deadly blow
“If
Death had stayed his footsteps while On Victory's track.
the day the Saxon host
Were forced fly—a day great
For Ashanee—
The chief had been untimely lost,
Our conquering troops would moderate
Their mirthful glee.
There would not lack Lifford's day,
From Galway, from the glens
From Limerick's towers, marshalled file, long array,
Of mourners bedev the soil
With tears showers.
Boyle,
!
if
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7 18 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1608.
the insult he had received. The unanimous reso Hugh Duff O’Donnell, and many others were lution they came to in the first place was, on the slain besides; captain Henry Vaughan, and the
3rd of May, that he should invite captain Hart, wife the bishop the town, were taken who was in Culmore, a place which lay on the prisoners; they afterwards plundered and burned
banks of Lough Foyle, on the north side of the the town, and they carried off much booty from Derry we have mentioned, and he kept him pri Alas! although was not disreputable for the soner until he obtained the fort for his release. He noble chief take revenge for his dishonour, nu
then immediately proceeded, at the dawn of day,
to Derry, and fiercely attacked the people of the town by surprise; the governor was killed by Eochy, son of Niall, son of Gerald O’Dogherty, and lieutenant Corbie by John, son of Hugh, son
“What do Isay * Ah, woe is me! Already we bewail in vain
merous and inexpressible were the evils which
sprung and became permanently established the entire province Ulster, through that insurrection,
which arose against the laws the king, for from that resulted his death, the 18th July fol
chief residence O’Dogherty, near Lough Swilly. Mac Geoghe gan says the castle was commanded monk, who, not having sufficient force defend and not wishing subject O'Dogher ty's lady, who was Mary Preston, daughter lord Gormanstown,
the dangers siege, surrendered the castle condition that the garrison should spared, but Wingfield put most then
the sword, and sent O'Dogherty's wife her brother. O'Dogh
erty had various encounters with the English forces, and main tained his ground for about three months Donegal the lord
Their fatal fall !
And Erin, once the Great and Free,
Now vainly mourns her breakless chain,
And iron thrall !
Then, daughter of O'Donnell dry
Thine overflowing eyes, and turn Thy heart aside;
For Adam's race is born to die, And sternly the sepulchral urn
Mocks human pride :
“Look not, nor sigh for earthly throne, Nor place thy trust in arm of clay—
But on thy knees Uplift thy soul to God alone,
For all things go their destined way As He decrees.