No More Learning

1. A daughter of the quarrelled even in the womb of his mother. When
river-god Asterion near Mycenae, who together A bas died and Acrisius had grown up, he expelled
with her sisters Euboea and Prosymna acted as Proetus from his inheritance; but, supported by
nurses to Hera. A hill Acraea opposite the temple his father-in-law lobates, the Lycian, Proetus re-
of Hera near Mycenae derived its name from her. turned, and Acrisius was com peiled to share his
(Paus. ii. 17. & 2. )
kingdom with his brother by giving up to him
2. Acraea and Acraeus are also attributes given Tiryns, while he retained Argos for himself. An
to various goddesses and gods whose temples were oracle had declared that Danaë, the daughter of
situated upon hills, such as Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, Acrisius, would give birth to a son, who would
Pallas, Artemis, and others. (Paus. i. 1. $ 3, ii. 24. kill his grandfather. For this reason he kept
§ 1; Apollod. i. 9. & 28; Vitruv. i. 7; Spanheim, Danaë shut up in a subterraneous apartment, or in
ad Callim. Hymn in Jov. 82. )
[L. S. ) a brazen tower. But here she became mother of
'ACRAEPHEUS ('Arpaideus), a son of Apollo, Perseus, notwithstanding the precautions of her
to whon, the foundation of the Boeutian town of father, according to some accounts by her uucle
Acraephia was ascribed. Apollo, who was wor-Proetus, and according to others by Zeus, who
shipped in that place, derived from it the surname visited her in the form of a shower of gold. dcri-
of Acraephius or Acraephiaeus. (Steph. Byz. s. v. sius ordered mother and child to be exposed
'Akpaigía; Paus. ix. 23. & 3, 40. $ 2. ) (L. S. ] on the wide sea in a chest; but the chest fioated
ACRAGAS ('Akpáyas), a son of Zeus and the towards the island of Seriphus, where both were
Oceanid Asterope, to whom the foundation of rescued by Dictys, the brother of king Polydectes.
the town of Acragas (Agrigentum) in Sicily was (Apollod. ii. 2. $ 1, 4. $ 1 ; Paus. ii. 16. $ 2, 25. $ 6,
ascribed. (Steph. Byz. s. v. 'Akpájartes. ) [L. S. ) ii. 13. $ 6; Hygin. Fab. 63. ) As to the manner in
ACRAGAS, an engraver, or chaser in silver, which the oracle was subsequently fulfilled in the
spoken of by Pliny. (xxxiii. 12. $ 55. ) It is not case of Acrisius, see PERSEUS. According to the
known either when or where he was born. Pliny Scholiast on Euripides (Orest. 1087), Acrisius
says that Acragas, Boethus and Mys were con- was the founder of the Delphic amphictyony.
sidered but little inferior to Mentor, an artist of Strabo (ix. p. 420) believes that this amphictyony
p
great note in the same profession; and that works existed before the time of Acrisius, and that he
of all three were in existence in his day, preserved was only the first who regulated the affairs of the
in different temples in the island of Rhodes. amphictyons, fixed the towns which were to take
Those of Acragas, who was especially famed for part in the council, gave to each its vote, and set-
his representations of hunting scenes on cups, tled the jurisdiction of the amphictyons. (Comp.
were in the temple of Bacchus at Rhodes, and con- Libanius, Orat. vol. iii. 472, ed. Reiske. ) (L. S. )
sisted of cups with figures of Bacchae and Centaurs ACRON, a king of the Caenineuses, whom
graved on them. If the language of Pliny justifies Romulus himself slew in battle. He dedicated
us in inferring that the three artists whom he the arms of Acron to Jupiter Feretrius as Spolia
classes together lived at the same time, that would Opima. (See Dict. of Ant. p. 893. ) Livy men-
fix the
age
in the latter part of the fifth tions the circumstance without giving the name of
century B. C. , as Mys was a contemporary of the king. (Plut. Rom. 16; Serv. ad. Virg. Aen. Vi.
Phidias.
(C. P. M. ] 860; Liv. i. 10. )
ACRATOʻPHORUS ('Axpatopópos), a ACRON ("Akpwv), an eminent physician of
name of Dionysus, by which he was designated as Agrigentum, the son of Xenon. His exact date
of Acragas
sur-
!


## p. 15 (#35) ##############################################

ACROPOLITA.
15
ACROPOLITA.
is not known; but, as he is mentioned as being Nicaca, the residence of the Greek emperor John
contemporary with Empedocles, who died about Vatatzes Ducas. There be continued and finished
the beginning of the Peloponnesian war, he must his studies under Theodorus Exapterigus and Nj.
have lived in the fifth century before Christ. From cephorus Blemmida. (IV. 32. ) The emperor em-
Sicily he went to Athens, and there opened a ployed him afterwards in diplomatic affairs, and
philosophical school (dooplotever). It is said | Acropolita shewed himself a very discreet and
that he was in that city during the great plague skilful negociator. In 1255 he commanded the
(B. C. 430), and that large fires for the purpose of Nicaean army in the war between Michael, des.
purifying the air were kindled in the streets by pot of Epirus, and the emperor Theodore II. the
his direction, which proved of great service to son and successor of Jobn. But he was made pri-
several of the sick. (Plut. De Is. et Osir. 80; soner, and was only delivered in 1260 by the me-
Oribas. Synops. vi. 24, p. 97; Aëtius, tetrab. diation of Michael Palaeologus. Previously to
ii. serm. i. 94, p. 223; Paul Aegin. ii. 35, this he had been appointed great logotheton, either
p. 406. ) It should however be borne in mind by John or by Theodore, whom he had instructed
that there is no mention of this in Thucy- in logic. Meanwhile, Michael Palaeologus was
dides (ii. 49, &c. ), and, if it is true that Em-proclaimed emperor of Nicaea in 1260, and in 1261
pedocles or Simonides (who died B. C. 467) wrote he expulsed the Latins from Constantinople, and
the epitaph on Acron, it may be doubted became emperor of the whole East ; and from this
whether he was in Athens at the time of the moment Georgius Acropolita becomes known in
plague. Upon his return to Agrigentum he was the history of the eastern empire as one of the
anxious to erect a family tomb, and applied to greatest diplomatists. After having discharged the
the senate for a spot of ground for that purpose on function of ambassador at the court of Constantine,
account of his eminence as a physician. Empe king of the Bulgarians, he retired for some years
docles however resisted this application as being from public affairs, and made the instruction of
contrary to the principle of equality, and proposed youth his sole occupation. But he was soon em-
to inscribe on his tomb the following sarcastic ployed in a very important negociation. Michael,
epitaph (TWBAOTIKOV), which it is quite impossible afraid of a new Latin invasion, proposed to pope
to translate so as to preserve the paronomasia of Clemens IV. to reunite the Greek and the Latin
the original :
Churches ; and negociations ensued which were car-
"Ακρον ιητρον 'Ακρων'Ακραγαντίνον πατρός άκρου | ried on during the reign of five popes, Clemens IV.
Κρύπτει κρημνός άκρος πατρίδος ακροτάτης. Gregory X. John XXI. Nicolaus III. and Martin
The second line was sometimes read thus :
IV. and the happy result of which was almost en-
'Ακροτάτης κορυφής τύμβος ακρος κατέχει, tirely owing to the skill of Acropolita. As early as
Some persons attributed the whole epigram to 1273 Acropolita was sent to pope Gregory X. and
Simonides. (Suid. s. v. "Axpwr ; Eudoc. Violar. , in 1274, at the Council of Lyons, he confirmed by
ap. Villoison, Anecd. Gr. i. 49; Diog. Läert. an oath in the emperor's name that that confession
viii 65. ). The sect of the Empirici, in order to of faith which had been previously sent to Con-
boast of a greater antiquity than the Dogmatici stantinople by the pope had been adopted by the
:(founded by Thessalus, the son, and Polybus, the Greeks. The reunion of the two churches was
Bon-in-law of Hippocrates, about B. C. 400), claimed afterwards broken off, but not through the fault of
Acron as their founder (Pseudo-Gal. Introd. 4. Acropolita In 1282 Acropolita was once more
vol. xiv. p. 683), though they did not really exist sent to Bulgaria, and shortly after his return he
before the third century B. C. [PHILINUS; SERA- died, in the month of December of the same year,
PION. ) Pliny falls into this anachronism. (H. N. I in his 62nd year.
xxix. 4. ) None of Acron's works are now extant, Acropolita is the author of several works : the
though he wrote several in the Doric dialect on most important of which is a history of the Byzan-
Medical and Physical subjects, of which the titles tine empire, under the title Xpovikovas év ouvoye.
are preserved by Suidas and Eudocia. [W. A. G.
] Twv ev vorépous, that is, from the taking of Con-
ACRON, HELE'NIUS, a Roman grammarian, stantinople by the Latins in 1204, down to the
probably of the fifth century A. D. , but whose pre year 1261, when Michael Palaeologus delivered the
cise date is not known. He wrote notes on Ho city from the foreign yoke. The MS. of this work
race, and also, according to some critics, the scholia was found in the library of Georgius Cantacuzenus
which we have on Persius. The fragments which at Constantinople, and afterwards brought to Eu-
remain of the work on Horace, though much muti- rope. (Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 768. ) The
lated, are valuable, as containing the remarks of first edition of this work, with a Latin translation
the older commentators, Q. Terentius Scaurus and and notes, was published by Theodorus Douza,
others. They were published first by A. Zarotti, Lugd. Batav. 1614, 8vo. ; but a more critical one by
Milan, 1474, and again in 1486, and have often Leo Allatius, who used a Vatican MS. and divided
been published since in different editions ; perhaps the text into chapters. It has the title rewprſou
the best is that by Geo. Fabricius, in his ed. of Toù 'Akpotonítov Toù veyadov dovodétou Xpovinsi
Horace, Basel, 1555, Leipzig, 1571. A writer of ourypá¢n, Georgii Acropolitae, magni Logothetae,
the same name, probably the same man, wrote a Historia, &c. Paris, 1651. fol. This edition is re-
commentary on Terence, which is lost, but which printed in the “Corpus Byzantinorum Scriptorum,"
is referred to by the grammarian Charisius. (A. A. ) | Venice, 1729, vol. xii. This chronicle contains
ACROPOLITA, GEORGIUS (reapyros one of the most remarkable periods of Byzantine
'Axproximos), the son of the great logotheta Con- bistory, but it is so short that it seems to be cnly
stantinns Acropolita the elder, belonged to a noble an abridgment of another work of the same author,
Byzantine family which stood in relationship to which is lost. Acropolita perhaps composed it with
the imperial family of the Ducas. (Acropolita, 97. ) the view of giving it as a compendium to those young
He was born at Constantinople in 1220 (16. 39), men whose scientific education he superintended,
but accompanied his father in his sixteenth year to after his return from his first embassy to Bulgaria


## p. 16 (#36) ##############################################

16
ACTA EON.
ACTISANES.
The history of Michael Palaeologus by Pachymeres The cause of this misfortune is differently stated :
may be considered as a continuation of the work of according to some accounts it was because he had
Acropolita. Besides this work, Acropolita wrote seen Artemis while she was bathing in the vale of
several orations, which he delivered in his capacity Gargaphia, on the discovery of wbich the god-
as great logotheta, and as director of the negociations dess changed him into a stag, in which form he
with the pope ; but these orations have not been was tom to pieces by his own dogs. (Ov. Met.
published. Fabricius (vol. vii
. p. 471) speaks of a ii. 155, &c. ; Hygin. Ful. 181; Callim. k in
MS. which has the title nepl TWY STÓ KTlOews Pallad. 110. ) Others relate that be provoked the
κόσμου ετών και περί των βασιλευσάντων μέχρι anger of the goddess by his boasting that he ex-
αλώσεως Κωνσταντινουπόλεως. Georgius, or Gre celled her in ting, or by his using for a feast
gorius Cyprius, who has written a short encomium of the game which was destined as a sacrifice to her.
Acropolita, calls him the Plato and the Aristotle of|(Eurip. Bacch. 3:20 ; Diod. iv. 81. ) A third ac-
his time. This “encomium” is printed with a La count stated that he was killed by his dogs at the
tin translation at the head of the edition of Acro command of Zeus, because he sued for the hand of
polita by Th. Douza : it contains useful information Semele. (Acusilaus, ap. A poliod. iii. 4. $ 4. ) Pan-
concerning Acropolita, although it is full of adula- sanias (ix. 2. & 3) sw near Orchomenos the rock on
tion. Further information is contined in Acropo which Actaeon used to rest when he was fatigued
lita's history, especially in the latter part of it, and by hunting, and from which he had seen Artemis
in Pachymeres, iv. 28, vi. 26, 34, seq. (W. P. ) in the bath; but he is of opinion that the whole
ACROREITES ('Axpwpeitos), a sumame of story arose from the circunstance that Actaeon
Dionysus, under which he was worshipped at was destroyed by his dogs in a natural fit of mad.
Sicyon, and which is synonymous with Eriphius, ness. Palaephatus (s. v. Adacon) gives an absurd
under which name he was worshipped at Meta- and trivial explanation of it. According to the
pontum in southern Italy. (Steph. Byz. 8. v. Orchomenian tradition the rock of Actaeon was
'Ακρωρεία. )
(LS. )
haunted by his spectre, and the oracle of Delphi
ACROʻTATUS ('Axpératos). 1. The son of commanded the Orchomenians to bury the remains
Cleomenes 11. king of Sparta, incurred the displea of the hero, which they might happen to find, and
bure of a large party at Sparta by opposing the de- fix an iron image of him upon the rock. This
cree, which was to release from infamy all who had image still existed in the time of Pausanias (ix.
fied from the battle, in which Antipater defeated 38. & 4), and the Orchomenians offered annual st-
Agis, B. C. 33). He was thus glad to accept tbe crifices to Actaeon in that place. The manner in
offer of the Agrigentines, when they sent to Sparta which Actaeon and his mother were painted by
for assistance in B. c. 314 against Agathocles of Polygnotus in the Lesche of Delphi, is described
Syracuse. He first sailed to Italy, and obtained by Pausanias. (x. 30. $ 2; comp. Müller, Orchom.
abbistance from Tarentum; but on his arrival at p. 348, &c. )
Agrigentum he acted with such cruelty and tyranny son of Melissus, and grandson of Abron,
that the inhabitants rose against him, and com- who had fled from Argos to Corinth for fear of the
pelled him to leave the city. He returned to tyrant Pheidon. Archias, a Corinthian, enamour-
Sparta, and died before the death of his father, ed with the beauty of Actaeon, endeavoured to
which was in B. C. 309. He left a son, Areus, who carry him off ; but in the struggle which ensued
succeeded Cleomenes. (Diod. xv. 70, 71 ; Paus. i. between Melissus and Archias, Actaeon was killed.
13. $ 3, iii. 6. & 1, 2; Plut. Agis, 3. )
Melissus brought his complaints forward at the
2. The grandson of the preceding, and the son Isthmian games, and praying to the gods for re-
of Areus 1. king of Sparta. He had unlawful in- renge, he threw himself from a rock. Hereupon
tercourse with Chelidonis, the young wife of Cleo Corinth was visited by a plague and drought,
nymus, who was the uncle of his father Arens ; and the oracle ordered the Corinthians to propi-
and it was this, together with the disappointment tiate Poseidon, and avenge the death of Aciaeon.
of not obtaining the throne, which led Cleonynus Upon this hint Archias emigrated to Sicily, where
to invite Pyrrhus to Sparta, B. C. 272. Areus was he founded the town of Syracuse. (Plut Amat.
then absent in Crete, and the safety of Sparta was Narr. p. 772; comp. Paus. 1. 7. $ 2, Thucyd. vi.
mainly owing to the valour of Acrotatus. He suc 3; Strab. vii. p. 380. )
(L. S. ]
ceeded his father in B. C. 265, but was killed in ACTAEUS ('Axtaíos). A son of Erisichthon,
the same year in battle against Aristodemus, the and according to Pausanias (i. 2. § 5), the
tyrant of Megalopolis. Pausanias, in speaking of earliest king of Attica. He had three daughters,
his death, calls him the son of Cleonymus, but he Agraulos, Herse, and Pandrosus, and was succeed-
has mistaken him for his grandfather, spoken of ed by Cecrops, who married Agraulos. Accord-
above. (Plut. Pyrrh. 26-28; Ayis, 3; Paus. iii. 6. 83, ing to Apollodorus (ü. 14. 1. ) on the other hand,
viij. 27. & 8, 30. $ 3. ) Areus and Acrotatus are ac- Cecrops was the first king of Attica (L. S. )
cused by Phylarchus (ap. Athen. iv. p. 142, b. ) of ACTE, the concubine of Nero, was a freed-
having corrupted the simplicity of Spartan man- woman, and originally a slave purchased from
Asia Minor. Nero lored her far more than his
ACTAEA ('Axtala), a daughter of Nereus and wife Octavia, and at one time thought of marrying
Doris. (Hom. Il. xviii. 4); Apollod. i. 2. $ 7; her; whence he pretended that she was descended
Hygin. Fab. p. 7, ed. Staveren. ) (L. S. ) from king Attalus. She survived Nero. ('Tac.
ACTAEON ('AkTalwr). ]. Son of Aristaeus Ann. xiii.