26),
who derived his distinguishing epithet from the and Evagrius (H.
who derived his distinguishing epithet from the and Evagrius (H.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
D.
1071, No- curious work is given in the Penny Cyclopaedia,
thing beyond this appears to be known of his s. v. Bidpal, where are given numerous references
personal history.
to the authorities used. See also Fabric. Bibl.
The principal works of Symeon Seth are as fol- | Gracc. vol. vii. pp. 777-78).
lows:-1. Σύνταγμα κατά στοιχείον περί τροφών A history of Alexander the Great, replete with
Ouvduewy, Syntagma per litterarum ordinem de fabulous incidents, and falsely bearing the name of
cibariorum facultate. This is the work dedicated Callisthenes (CALLISTHENES, No. 1], which is found
to Michael Ducas. It is a descriptive catalogue, in some libraries (comp. Catal. MStorum Biblioth.
alphabetically arranged, of the chief articles of hu- Regiac, vol. ii. p. 388, Cod. mdclxxxv. fol. Paris,
man food: the materials are for the most part taken 1740), is said by Fabricius (Biblioth. Graec. vol.
from Symeon's contemporary, Michael Psellus ii. p. 36) and Wharton (Hist. of Eng. Poetry,
(PSELLUS, No. 3. ). It was published, with a vol. i. p. 129) to have been translated from the
Latin version, by Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus of Persian by Symeon Seth, but on what authority
Ferrara, 12mo. Basel, 1538. The arrangement of this assertion rests they do not state: nor does the
the text differs from that of the version : the al work seem to bear any internal marks of belongo
phabetical order in the one being of the Greek ing to Seth. The opening portion of a history of
titles to each article, in the other of their Latin | Alexander which some identify with this work, is
equivalents ; but in an edition of the version re- given by Berckel (in a note to Stephanus Byzant.
vised by Dominicus Monthesaurus of Verona, De Urbibus, ad voc. Bovkepál ela) and by Fabricius
12mo. Basel, 1561, the Greek titles are prefixed (Biblioth. Graec. vol. xiv. p. 148, ed. vet. ): it bears
to each article, and the original order is restored. the title of Bios 'Aledavapou toŨ Makédovos kal
An improved edition of the Greek text, with a new apáters, Vita et Gesta Alesundri Macedoniae Regis.
version by Martinus Bogdanus, was published 12no. A Latin history of Alexander closely resembling
Paris, 1658. 2. Eúvoyas kal åndveloua Quoin@ this Greek work, and considered by some as a ver-
TE Kad piloo 6owv Qoyuátwr, Compendium et flores sion though it varies much from the original, was
naturalium et philosophorum placitorum. Of this printed in black letter, fol. Argentin. 1489 and
work, which is also in great part pillaged from Psel 1494. These works bear, both of them, consider-
lus, Allatius (ubi infrà) has given a short extract, able resemblance to the work said to have been
with a Latin version. The first two of the five written in Greek by Aesopus (A ESOPUS, p. 48),
books of which the work consists are extant in some and translated into Latin by Julius Valerius,
MSS. under the name of Psellus. They bear the whose translation was first published from an
title of ’EFIMÚO ELS OUVTÓuoQuorn@v Šntnuárwv, imperfect Ms. by Angelo Mai, at Milan, 1817,
Solutiones compendiosae naturalium quaestionum. and again more complete in vol. vii. of his
3. De Medicina (s. De Medicamentis) cx Animali- Classici Auctores e Vaticanis Codd. editi, 8vo. Rom.
bus. A Latin version of two fragments of this ap- | 1835. It is also given from Mai's first edition as
pears at the end of Monthesaurus's rerised edition an appendix to the edition of Quintus Curtius
of Gyraldus's version of the Syntagma de cibariorum in the Bibliotheca Classica Latina of Lemaire,
facultate. 4. Iepl ooppňoews, De Odoratu, and 5. 8vo. Paris, 1824. Considerable information re-
Tepl yetoews kal áoñs, De Gustatione et Tactu, specting these works of the Pseudo Callisthenes,
published by Ideler, in his Physici et Medici Aesopus or Julius Valerius and others, which have
Graeci Minores, vol. ii. p. 283, 8vo. Berlin, 1842. much in common with each other and appear to
But the work which has given Symeon Seth the have had a common origin, may be found in the
greatest claim to remembrance, is his Greek version preface of Mai (reprinted by Lemaire); in the
of the Indian apologues, now known as the Fables Journal des Savans for 1818, pp. 401, &c. , 609,
of Bidpai or Pilpay. This version is briefly en- &c. ; and in the Bibliothèque Universelle for the
titled Στεφανίτης και Ιχνηλάτης, Stephanites et same year, pp. 218, &c. , 3:22, &c. But of these
Ichnclales, 8. Coronarius et Vestigator, and a Latin works neither by Mai nor in the periodicals is any
version of a considerable part of it was subjoined one ascribed to Symeon Seth. Some other works of
by Possin to his edition of Georgius Pachymeres, Symeon are extant in MS. (Fabric. Biblioth. Graec.
fól. Roine, 1666 ; but it is omitted in the Bonn | Il. cc. vol. vii. p. 472, vol. xi. p. 320 ; Allat. De
reprint of that version. The Greek text, not how- Symeon. Scriptis, p. 181, &c. ; Vossius, De His-
erer in a complete form, was published under the toricis Graec. lib. iv. c. 21. )
title of Specimen Sapientiac Indorum veterum, by 28. STUDITA. (Nos. 16 and 24. ]
Seb. Godof. Starkius, 12mo. Berlin, 1697. The 29. STUDITA. Some Tporápia, Cantica, or hymns,
introductory chapters, which had been prefixed / by Symeon, a monk of the Convent of Studium
.
## p. 957 (#973) ############################################
SYMEON.
957
SYMEON.
at Constantinople, were among the MSS. of the it led to the conversion of many hundred heathens,
monastery of Cryptae Ferratae at Rome. Allatius, Persians, Armenians, and Iberians, who would
who had read thein, says that they were worthy probably have resisted a more rational mode of
to be preserved and published, and to be used in argument. Tribes, apparently of Bedouin Arabs,
the services of the church. He has given the contended for the blessing of the holy man, and
initial parts of each, from which it appears that were near coming to blows in their jealous rivalry.
they related to the crucifixion, burial, and resur- The gifts of working miracles and of prophesying
rection of Christ. Of the time and history of this are claimed for him by Theodoret, who professes to
Symeon nothing is known. A Symeon appears have been an eye and ear witness of their exercise.
among the correspondents of Theodore Studita, In this extraordinary manner he passed the last
who addresses him as his son ; but whether this thirty-seven years of his life, attracting the re-
was the writer of the Cantica or not is unknown. verence alike of believers and unbelievers.
Allatius judges the writer to be a different person Symeon died about A. D. 460 according to Tille-
from the Symeon Studita mentioned with such mont, Theophanes, and Cedrenus. Jis body was
high praise by Symeon of St. Mamas, in his ora-brought to Antioch. The emperor Leo proposed
tion De Poenitentia et Compunctione, and who is to remove it to Constantinople, but yielded to the
doubtless the Symeon the Pious already mentioned entreaties of the people of Antioch that it should
(No. 24). (Allatius, Dc Symeon. Scriptis, p. 23 ; remain among them. His relics were held in high
Fabric. Bild. Graec. vol. X. p. 444, vol. xi. p. 299 ; esteem.
Cave, Ilist. Litt. vol. ii. Dissert. Prima, p. 18. ) The abode of Symeon before and after his ascent
30. Stultus or Salus (ó Lands), a fanatic of of the column, was locally called Mandra (whence
the Eastern Church, apparently born about A. D. he sometimes bore the name of Mandrita), and was
522, in the reign of the emperor Justin I. He distant, according to Evagrius, three hundred stadin,
was a Syrian, but his birth-place appears to be nearly thirty-five miles from Antioch. The piety
unknown. In the reign of Justinian he visited of his admirers subsequently erected a church or
Jerusalem with a companion, Joannes, with whom monastery on the spot, in the midst of which was
he embraced a monastic life, first in a convent, a richly ornamented court, open to the sky, and
afterwards in a hermitage on the eastern shore of enclosing the column on which he had passed his
the Dead Sea. He afterwards visited Jerusalem. days. The Western Church commemorates this saint
He then went to Emesa, where he continued till on January 5th, the Greek Church on September 1st.
his death. He lived to, if not after, the reign of the The history of this extraordinary man is worthy
emperor Maurice. The life of this Symeon, written of attention, whether as showing what the human
by Leontius of Neapolis (LEONTIUS, No. 20), his frame may be brought to endure, or as the most
contemporary, abounds with absurd stories of his remarkable page in the remarkable history of as-
miracles. (Leontius, Vita S. Simeonis Sali, apud cetic observance, or as illustrating the religious
Acta Sanctor. Julii. vol. i. p. 136, &c. ; Nicephorus views and spirit of his age and country. Most
Callisti, H. E. lib. xvii. c. 22. )
writers who touch on the history of the period
31. STYLITES (Evueávns ó Etuairns), the Pil- speak of Symeon. The fullest account is given by
LAR-SAINT, a celebrated ascetic of the fifth century, Theodoret (Philotheus s. Religiosa Historia, c.
26),
who derived his distinguishing epithet from the and Evagrius (H. E. i. 13, 14. ii. 9, 10). Some.
pillar on which he passed a considerable part of his thing may be gleaned from the fragments of Theo-
life. He was the first of a tolerably numerous dore Lector (H. E. i. 12. ii. 42). The three lives,
class of “ Pillar-saints Stylites. " He was given in a Latin version by Bollandus (Acta ·
born at the village of Sisan, on the confines of Sanctor. Januar, vol. i. p. 264, &c. ), of which the
Syria and Cilicia, about A. D. 388, according to first and second are ascribed, but we think on very
Tillemont, whose dates we follow. After leading uncertain ground, to Symeon's disciple Antonius,
an ascetic life for many years in various monas- and the third to Symeon Metaphrastes, are of little
teries and solitary places, he resolved to take his value. (See also Chron. Paschal. p. 321, ed. Paris,
stand on a pillar or pedestal, in order to escape p. 256, ed. Venice ; vol. i. p. 593, ed. Bonn ; Theo-
from the honour paid him by men, according to the phan. Chronog. ad A. M. 5952, 53, p. 96, ed. Paris,
testimony of Theodoret, though it is not so easy to p. 77, ed. Venice, and vol. i. pp. 173, 174, ed.
see how so conspicuous a position consisted with Bonn ; Cedren. Compend. pp. 340, 341, 347, 348,
the modesty ascribed to him by that writer. This ed. Paris, and vol. i. pp. 596—598, and 609, ed.
was in A. D. 423. At first his pillar was only six | Bonn ; Nicephorus Callisti, H. E. xiv. 51, xv, 13;
cubits, or nine feet high; it then rose to twelve cubits, and, among modern writers, Baronius, Annal. Eccles.
then to twenty-two ; and when Theodoret wrote, ad ann. 420, xxviii. , 432, xlii. li. lii. , 436, xii. , 451,
which was in Symeon's lifetime, it was thirty-six cliii. , 455, xix. , 458, xviii. , 460, xvii. xviii. , 465,
cubits, or fifty-four feet high ; " for,” adds Theo- xxxiv. , cum Critice Pagii; Tillemont, Mém. vol. xv.
doret, “ he desires to touch heaven, and to be re- p. 347. &c. , and notes, p. 379, &c. ; Cave, Hist.
leased from all communication with earthly things. ” Litt. ad ann. 418, vol. i. p. 438 ; Fabricius, Biblioth.
The circumference of his column is stated by Eva Graec. vol. x. p. 522, &c. , and Allatius, De Symeon.
grius to bave been two cubits, or three feet, the Scriptis, p. 6, &c. )
height forty, which is, perhaps, only a round li is known that Symeon wrote several pieces :
number for the thirty-six of Theodoret.
1. Epistola ad Theodosium Imperatorem, relating
This proceeding of the saint, however admired to the restitution of the Jewish synagogues ; a
by some, incurred the reprehension of others, to proof, unhappily, that a clear perception of right
whom Theodoret thought it necessary to reply by and wrong is not to be enumerated among our
referring to certain symbolical actions of the Old saint's excellences. (Evag. H. E. i. 13; Nicephor.
Testament prophets. The saint's proceeding was, 1. c. ) This letter is not extant. 2. Ad Eudociam
however, so far in conformity to Oriental sentiments, Imperatricem Epistola, concerning her return to
and appealed 80 strongly to Oriental feelings, that the church. A short extract from this is preserved
or
## p. 958 (#974) ############################################
9. 58
SYMEON
SYMEON.
.
by Nicephorus Callisti (Η. Ε. Χν. 13). 3. Προς 1 (Phot. ibid. ) 3. Προς βασιλέα Ιουστίνον τον νέον
Λέοντα τον αυτοκράτορα επιστολή, Ad Lcomcm | επιστολή, Ad Imperatorem Justinum Juniore».
Imperatorem Epistola ; on the election of Tiniotheus Epistola, of two lines only, given in the life of
Aelurus, and the authority of the Council of Chal- Symeon by Nicephorus (c. xxiv. $ 189). 4. 'E610-
cedon; mentioned by Evagrius (Η. Ε. ii. 10. τολή πέμπτη προς τον βασιλέα Ιουστίνον τον νέον,
Comp. Phot. Biblioth. cod. 229). 4. Npòs Basic Ad Imperatorem Justinum Juniorem Epistola Quin-
Aelov ÉTIO KOTOŮVTa Toû 'Avrióxou (sic in Evag. ) ta, exciting him to punish the Samaritans, given
émotond, Ad Basilium Antiochiae Episcopum Epis- at length in the Acta Concilii Nicaeni secundi
tola, on the same subjects, preserved by Evagrius Oecumenici septimi, Actio V. (see Concil. vol. iv.
(ibid. ), and Nicephorus Callisti (H. E. xv. 19). coll
. 289, 663, ed. Hardouin). It is uncertain
5. Allatius mentions also a Confessio fidei, and whether the title indicates that this was the fifth
refers to Eulogius (apud Phot. I. c. ): but Eulogius in some general collection of the Epistolae of Sy-
evidently speaks of the saint's letter to the em- meon, or the fifth which he had written to the
peror Leo. (Allatius, Cave, Fabricius, U. cc. ) emperor. Its genuineness also has been disputed
The discourse De morte semper meditando, and is vindicated at some length by Allatius (De
printed in a Latin version in the Bibliotheca Pa: Symeon. Scriptis, p. 18, &c. ). 5. Tipos toy év tois
trum, under the name of our Symeon, is noticed | Ιεροσολυμοίς όσιώτατον σταυροφύλακα Θωμάν
elsewhere as being more correctly ascribed to Sy- émiotolú, Ad Sanctissimum in Hierosolymis Sanc
meon of Mesopotamia (No. 21).
tae Crucis Custodem Thomam Epistola, giren at
32. Stylites Junior, or THAUN ASTORITES, length in the Vita S. Marthae matris Synıconis
or A MONTE THAUMASTO (Toù Savuartoü õpous), Junioris, c. vii. $ 63, &c. (apud Acta 'Sanctorum
or De MONTE Mirabili. The Greek and other Maii, vol. v. p. 426). 6. A letter to Evagrius the
Eastern churches reverence the memory of a younger ecclesiastical historian, mentioned by him (H. E.
Symeon Stylites, who has, however, no place in the vi. 23). 6. Devotional compositions, as Tpotrápia,
Latin calendar, and is indeed of far less celebrity Troparia s. Hyini, and Evxal, Preces, mentioned
than the subject of the preceding article. He was by Allatius (ibid. p. 21) as extant in MS. A short
born at Antioch of parents in humble life, about A. D. 'non, Ode s. Hymnus is given in the life of Symeon
521, as Conrad. Janninghus calculates. His mother by Nicephorus, c. xiii. $ 109. 7. Sermones Ascetici
Martha was a woman of great piety. He embraced XXXVI. , Responsiones ad Quaesila XXV.
thing beyond this appears to be known of his s. v. Bidpal, where are given numerous references
personal history.
to the authorities used. See also Fabric. Bibl.
The principal works of Symeon Seth are as fol- | Gracc. vol. vii. pp. 777-78).
lows:-1. Σύνταγμα κατά στοιχείον περί τροφών A history of Alexander the Great, replete with
Ouvduewy, Syntagma per litterarum ordinem de fabulous incidents, and falsely bearing the name of
cibariorum facultate. This is the work dedicated Callisthenes (CALLISTHENES, No. 1], which is found
to Michael Ducas. It is a descriptive catalogue, in some libraries (comp. Catal. MStorum Biblioth.
alphabetically arranged, of the chief articles of hu- Regiac, vol. ii. p. 388, Cod. mdclxxxv. fol. Paris,
man food: the materials are for the most part taken 1740), is said by Fabricius (Biblioth. Graec. vol.
from Symeon's contemporary, Michael Psellus ii. p. 36) and Wharton (Hist. of Eng. Poetry,
(PSELLUS, No. 3. ). It was published, with a vol. i. p. 129) to have been translated from the
Latin version, by Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus of Persian by Symeon Seth, but on what authority
Ferrara, 12mo. Basel, 1538. The arrangement of this assertion rests they do not state: nor does the
the text differs from that of the version : the al work seem to bear any internal marks of belongo
phabetical order in the one being of the Greek ing to Seth. The opening portion of a history of
titles to each article, in the other of their Latin | Alexander which some identify with this work, is
equivalents ; but in an edition of the version re- given by Berckel (in a note to Stephanus Byzant.
vised by Dominicus Monthesaurus of Verona, De Urbibus, ad voc. Bovkepál ela) and by Fabricius
12mo. Basel, 1561, the Greek titles are prefixed (Biblioth. Graec. vol. xiv. p. 148, ed. vet. ): it bears
to each article, and the original order is restored. the title of Bios 'Aledavapou toŨ Makédovos kal
An improved edition of the Greek text, with a new apáters, Vita et Gesta Alesundri Macedoniae Regis.
version by Martinus Bogdanus, was published 12no. A Latin history of Alexander closely resembling
Paris, 1658. 2. Eúvoyas kal åndveloua Quoin@ this Greek work, and considered by some as a ver-
TE Kad piloo 6owv Qoyuátwr, Compendium et flores sion though it varies much from the original, was
naturalium et philosophorum placitorum. Of this printed in black letter, fol. Argentin. 1489 and
work, which is also in great part pillaged from Psel 1494. These works bear, both of them, consider-
lus, Allatius (ubi infrà) has given a short extract, able resemblance to the work said to have been
with a Latin version. The first two of the five written in Greek by Aesopus (A ESOPUS, p. 48),
books of which the work consists are extant in some and translated into Latin by Julius Valerius,
MSS. under the name of Psellus. They bear the whose translation was first published from an
title of ’EFIMÚO ELS OUVTÓuoQuorn@v Šntnuárwv, imperfect Ms. by Angelo Mai, at Milan, 1817,
Solutiones compendiosae naturalium quaestionum. and again more complete in vol. vii. of his
3. De Medicina (s. De Medicamentis) cx Animali- Classici Auctores e Vaticanis Codd. editi, 8vo. Rom.
bus. A Latin version of two fragments of this ap- | 1835. It is also given from Mai's first edition as
pears at the end of Monthesaurus's rerised edition an appendix to the edition of Quintus Curtius
of Gyraldus's version of the Syntagma de cibariorum in the Bibliotheca Classica Latina of Lemaire,
facultate. 4. Iepl ooppňoews, De Odoratu, and 5. 8vo. Paris, 1824. Considerable information re-
Tepl yetoews kal áoñs, De Gustatione et Tactu, specting these works of the Pseudo Callisthenes,
published by Ideler, in his Physici et Medici Aesopus or Julius Valerius and others, which have
Graeci Minores, vol. ii. p. 283, 8vo. Berlin, 1842. much in common with each other and appear to
But the work which has given Symeon Seth the have had a common origin, may be found in the
greatest claim to remembrance, is his Greek version preface of Mai (reprinted by Lemaire); in the
of the Indian apologues, now known as the Fables Journal des Savans for 1818, pp. 401, &c. , 609,
of Bidpai or Pilpay. This version is briefly en- &c. ; and in the Bibliothèque Universelle for the
titled Στεφανίτης και Ιχνηλάτης, Stephanites et same year, pp. 218, &c. , 3:22, &c. But of these
Ichnclales, 8. Coronarius et Vestigator, and a Latin works neither by Mai nor in the periodicals is any
version of a considerable part of it was subjoined one ascribed to Symeon Seth. Some other works of
by Possin to his edition of Georgius Pachymeres, Symeon are extant in MS. (Fabric. Biblioth. Graec.
fól. Roine, 1666 ; but it is omitted in the Bonn | Il. cc. vol. vii. p. 472, vol. xi. p. 320 ; Allat. De
reprint of that version. The Greek text, not how- Symeon. Scriptis, p. 181, &c. ; Vossius, De His-
erer in a complete form, was published under the toricis Graec. lib. iv. c. 21. )
title of Specimen Sapientiac Indorum veterum, by 28. STUDITA. (Nos. 16 and 24. ]
Seb. Godof. Starkius, 12mo. Berlin, 1697. The 29. STUDITA. Some Tporápia, Cantica, or hymns,
introductory chapters, which had been prefixed / by Symeon, a monk of the Convent of Studium
.
## p. 957 (#973) ############################################
SYMEON.
957
SYMEON.
at Constantinople, were among the MSS. of the it led to the conversion of many hundred heathens,
monastery of Cryptae Ferratae at Rome. Allatius, Persians, Armenians, and Iberians, who would
who had read thein, says that they were worthy probably have resisted a more rational mode of
to be preserved and published, and to be used in argument. Tribes, apparently of Bedouin Arabs,
the services of the church. He has given the contended for the blessing of the holy man, and
initial parts of each, from which it appears that were near coming to blows in their jealous rivalry.
they related to the crucifixion, burial, and resur- The gifts of working miracles and of prophesying
rection of Christ. Of the time and history of this are claimed for him by Theodoret, who professes to
Symeon nothing is known. A Symeon appears have been an eye and ear witness of their exercise.
among the correspondents of Theodore Studita, In this extraordinary manner he passed the last
who addresses him as his son ; but whether this thirty-seven years of his life, attracting the re-
was the writer of the Cantica or not is unknown. verence alike of believers and unbelievers.
Allatius judges the writer to be a different person Symeon died about A. D. 460 according to Tille-
from the Symeon Studita mentioned with such mont, Theophanes, and Cedrenus. Jis body was
high praise by Symeon of St. Mamas, in his ora-brought to Antioch. The emperor Leo proposed
tion De Poenitentia et Compunctione, and who is to remove it to Constantinople, but yielded to the
doubtless the Symeon the Pious already mentioned entreaties of the people of Antioch that it should
(No. 24). (Allatius, Dc Symeon. Scriptis, p. 23 ; remain among them. His relics were held in high
Fabric. Bild. Graec. vol. X. p. 444, vol. xi. p. 299 ; esteem.
Cave, Ilist. Litt. vol. ii. Dissert. Prima, p. 18. ) The abode of Symeon before and after his ascent
30. Stultus or Salus (ó Lands), a fanatic of of the column, was locally called Mandra (whence
the Eastern Church, apparently born about A. D. he sometimes bore the name of Mandrita), and was
522, in the reign of the emperor Justin I. He distant, according to Evagrius, three hundred stadin,
was a Syrian, but his birth-place appears to be nearly thirty-five miles from Antioch. The piety
unknown. In the reign of Justinian he visited of his admirers subsequently erected a church or
Jerusalem with a companion, Joannes, with whom monastery on the spot, in the midst of which was
he embraced a monastic life, first in a convent, a richly ornamented court, open to the sky, and
afterwards in a hermitage on the eastern shore of enclosing the column on which he had passed his
the Dead Sea. He afterwards visited Jerusalem. days. The Western Church commemorates this saint
He then went to Emesa, where he continued till on January 5th, the Greek Church on September 1st.
his death. He lived to, if not after, the reign of the The history of this extraordinary man is worthy
emperor Maurice. The life of this Symeon, written of attention, whether as showing what the human
by Leontius of Neapolis (LEONTIUS, No. 20), his frame may be brought to endure, or as the most
contemporary, abounds with absurd stories of his remarkable page in the remarkable history of as-
miracles. (Leontius, Vita S. Simeonis Sali, apud cetic observance, or as illustrating the religious
Acta Sanctor. Julii. vol. i. p. 136, &c. ; Nicephorus views and spirit of his age and country. Most
Callisti, H. E. lib. xvii. c. 22. )
writers who touch on the history of the period
31. STYLITES (Evueávns ó Etuairns), the Pil- speak of Symeon. The fullest account is given by
LAR-SAINT, a celebrated ascetic of the fifth century, Theodoret (Philotheus s. Religiosa Historia, c.
26),
who derived his distinguishing epithet from the and Evagrius (H. E. i. 13, 14. ii. 9, 10). Some.
pillar on which he passed a considerable part of his thing may be gleaned from the fragments of Theo-
life. He was the first of a tolerably numerous dore Lector (H. E. i. 12. ii. 42). The three lives,
class of “ Pillar-saints Stylites. " He was given in a Latin version by Bollandus (Acta ·
born at the village of Sisan, on the confines of Sanctor. Januar, vol. i. p. 264, &c. ), of which the
Syria and Cilicia, about A. D. 388, according to first and second are ascribed, but we think on very
Tillemont, whose dates we follow. After leading uncertain ground, to Symeon's disciple Antonius,
an ascetic life for many years in various monas- and the third to Symeon Metaphrastes, are of little
teries and solitary places, he resolved to take his value. (See also Chron. Paschal. p. 321, ed. Paris,
stand on a pillar or pedestal, in order to escape p. 256, ed. Venice ; vol. i. p. 593, ed. Bonn ; Theo-
from the honour paid him by men, according to the phan. Chronog. ad A. M. 5952, 53, p. 96, ed. Paris,
testimony of Theodoret, though it is not so easy to p. 77, ed. Venice, and vol. i. pp. 173, 174, ed.
see how so conspicuous a position consisted with Bonn ; Cedren. Compend. pp. 340, 341, 347, 348,
the modesty ascribed to him by that writer. This ed. Paris, and vol. i. pp. 596—598, and 609, ed.
was in A. D. 423. At first his pillar was only six | Bonn ; Nicephorus Callisti, H. E. xiv. 51, xv, 13;
cubits, or nine feet high; it then rose to twelve cubits, and, among modern writers, Baronius, Annal. Eccles.
then to twenty-two ; and when Theodoret wrote, ad ann. 420, xxviii. , 432, xlii. li. lii. , 436, xii. , 451,
which was in Symeon's lifetime, it was thirty-six cliii. , 455, xix. , 458, xviii. , 460, xvii. xviii. , 465,
cubits, or fifty-four feet high ; " for,” adds Theo- xxxiv. , cum Critice Pagii; Tillemont, Mém. vol. xv.
doret, “ he desires to touch heaven, and to be re- p. 347. &c. , and notes, p. 379, &c. ; Cave, Hist.
leased from all communication with earthly things. ” Litt. ad ann. 418, vol. i. p. 438 ; Fabricius, Biblioth.
The circumference of his column is stated by Eva Graec. vol. x. p. 522, &c. , and Allatius, De Symeon.
grius to bave been two cubits, or three feet, the Scriptis, p. 6, &c. )
height forty, which is, perhaps, only a round li is known that Symeon wrote several pieces :
number for the thirty-six of Theodoret.
1. Epistola ad Theodosium Imperatorem, relating
This proceeding of the saint, however admired to the restitution of the Jewish synagogues ; a
by some, incurred the reprehension of others, to proof, unhappily, that a clear perception of right
whom Theodoret thought it necessary to reply by and wrong is not to be enumerated among our
referring to certain symbolical actions of the Old saint's excellences. (Evag. H. E. i. 13; Nicephor.
Testament prophets. The saint's proceeding was, 1. c. ) This letter is not extant. 2. Ad Eudociam
however, so far in conformity to Oriental sentiments, Imperatricem Epistola, concerning her return to
and appealed 80 strongly to Oriental feelings, that the church. A short extract from this is preserved
or
## p. 958 (#974) ############################################
9. 58
SYMEON
SYMEON.
.
by Nicephorus Callisti (Η. Ε. Χν. 13). 3. Προς 1 (Phot. ibid. ) 3. Προς βασιλέα Ιουστίνον τον νέον
Λέοντα τον αυτοκράτορα επιστολή, Ad Lcomcm | επιστολή, Ad Imperatorem Justinum Juniore».
Imperatorem Epistola ; on the election of Tiniotheus Epistola, of two lines only, given in the life of
Aelurus, and the authority of the Council of Chal- Symeon by Nicephorus (c. xxiv. $ 189). 4. 'E610-
cedon; mentioned by Evagrius (Η. Ε. ii. 10. τολή πέμπτη προς τον βασιλέα Ιουστίνον τον νέον,
Comp. Phot. Biblioth. cod. 229). 4. Npòs Basic Ad Imperatorem Justinum Juniorem Epistola Quin-
Aelov ÉTIO KOTOŮVTa Toû 'Avrióxou (sic in Evag. ) ta, exciting him to punish the Samaritans, given
émotond, Ad Basilium Antiochiae Episcopum Epis- at length in the Acta Concilii Nicaeni secundi
tola, on the same subjects, preserved by Evagrius Oecumenici septimi, Actio V. (see Concil. vol. iv.
(ibid. ), and Nicephorus Callisti (H. E. xv. 19). coll
. 289, 663, ed. Hardouin). It is uncertain
5. Allatius mentions also a Confessio fidei, and whether the title indicates that this was the fifth
refers to Eulogius (apud Phot. I. c. ): but Eulogius in some general collection of the Epistolae of Sy-
evidently speaks of the saint's letter to the em- meon, or the fifth which he had written to the
peror Leo. (Allatius, Cave, Fabricius, U. cc. ) emperor. Its genuineness also has been disputed
The discourse De morte semper meditando, and is vindicated at some length by Allatius (De
printed in a Latin version in the Bibliotheca Pa: Symeon. Scriptis, p. 18, &c. ). 5. Tipos toy év tois
trum, under the name of our Symeon, is noticed | Ιεροσολυμοίς όσιώτατον σταυροφύλακα Θωμάν
elsewhere as being more correctly ascribed to Sy- émiotolú, Ad Sanctissimum in Hierosolymis Sanc
meon of Mesopotamia (No. 21).
tae Crucis Custodem Thomam Epistola, giren at
32. Stylites Junior, or THAUN ASTORITES, length in the Vita S. Marthae matris Synıconis
or A MONTE THAUMASTO (Toù Savuartoü õpous), Junioris, c. vii. $ 63, &c. (apud Acta 'Sanctorum
or De MONTE Mirabili. The Greek and other Maii, vol. v. p. 426). 6. A letter to Evagrius the
Eastern churches reverence the memory of a younger ecclesiastical historian, mentioned by him (H. E.
Symeon Stylites, who has, however, no place in the vi. 23). 6. Devotional compositions, as Tpotrápia,
Latin calendar, and is indeed of far less celebrity Troparia s. Hyini, and Evxal, Preces, mentioned
than the subject of the preceding article. He was by Allatius (ibid. p. 21) as extant in MS. A short
born at Antioch of parents in humble life, about A. D. 'non, Ode s. Hymnus is given in the life of Symeon
521, as Conrad. Janninghus calculates. His mother by Nicephorus, c. xiii. $ 109. 7. Sermones Ascetici
Martha was a woman of great piety. He embraced XXXVI. , Responsiones ad Quaesila XXV.
