Previously to
her exile, Agrippina was compelled by her brother to
carry to Rome the ashes of Lepidus.
her exile, Agrippina was compelled by her brother to
carry to Rome the ashes of Lepidus.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
There he was under the surveillance
of soldiers, and Augustus obtained a senatus consultum,
by which the banishment was legally confirmed for the
time of his life. The property of Agrippa was assign-
ed by Augustus to the treasury of the army. It is said
that during his captivity he received the visit of Au-
gustus, who secretly went to Planasia, accompanied by
Fabius Maxiinus. Augustus and Agrippa, both deep-
ly affected, shed tears when they met, and it was be-
lieved that Agrippa would be restored to liberty. But
the news of this visit reached Livia, the mother of Ti-
berius, and Agrippa remained a captive. After the ac-
cession of Tiberius, in A. D. 14, Agrippa was murder-
ed by a centurion, who entered his prison and killed
him, after a long struggle, for Agrippa was a man of
great bodily strength. When the centurion afterward
went to Tiberius to give him an account of the execu-
tion, the emperor denied having given any order for it,
and it is very probable that Livia was the secret au-
thor of the crime. There was a rumour that Augus-
tus had left an order for the execution of Agrippa. but
this is positively contradicted by Tacitus. (Tac. , Aim. ,
1, 3-6. -- Dion Cass. , 55, 32; 57, 3. -- Suet. , I. c,
Tii-, 22. --Fetfet'. , 2, 104, 112. )
After the death of Agrippa, a slave of the name of
Clemens, who was not informed of the murder, landed
on Planasia with the intention of restoring Agrippa to
liberty and carrying him off to the army in Germany.
When he heard of what had taken place, he tried to
profit by his great resemblance to the murdered cap-
tive, and he gave himself out as Agrippa. He landed
at Ostia, and found many who believed him, or affect-
ed to believe him, but he was seized and put to death
by order of Tiberius. (Tac, Ann. , 2, 39, 40. )
The name of Agrippa Caesar is found on a medal of
Corinth. -- IX. M. Vipsanius, was born in B. C. 63.
He was the son of Lucius, and was descended from a
very obscure family. At the age of twenty he studied
at Apollonia in Illyria, together with young Octavius,
afterward Octavianus and Augustus. After the mur-
der of J. Cassar in B. C. 44, Agrippa was one of those
intimate friends of Octavius who advised him to pro-
ceed immediately to Home. Octavius took Agrippa
with him, and charged him to receivo the oath of fidel-
ity from several logions which had declared in his fa-
vour. Having been chosen consul in B. C. 43, Octa-
vius gave to his friend Agrippa the delicate commis-
sion of prosecuting C. Cassius, one of the murderers
of J. Caesar. At the outbreak of the Perusinian war
between Octavius, now Octavianus, and L. Antonius,
in B. C. 41, Agrippa, who was then praetor, command-
ed part of the forces of Octavianus,* and, after distin-
guishing himsclfby skilful manoeuvres, besieged L. An-
tonius in Perusia. He took the town in B. C. 40, and
towards the end of the same year retook Sipontum,
which had fallen into the hands of M. Antonius. In
B. C. 38, Agrippa obtained fresh success in Gaul, where
he quelled a revolt of the native chiefs; he also pene-
trated into Germany as far as the country of the Catti,
and transplanted the Ubii to the left bank of the Rhine;
whereupon he turned his arms against the revolted
Aquitani, whom he soon brought to obedience. His
victories, especially those in Aquitania, contributed
much to securing the power of Octavianus, and he
was recalled by him to undertake the command of the
war against Sextus PompciuB, which was on the point
of breaking out, B. C. 37. Octavianus offered him a
? ? triumph, which Agrippa declined, but accepted the
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? l>>B. C. 19,Agtippa \v,. Mt into Gaul. Ho pacified
IhetiHbulent. natiTes, and constructed four great (uil. -
tt nidi <<nd >> splendid aqueduct at Nemausus (Ni-
BS). From thence lie proceeded to Spain, and sub-
daedilttCantabnana after a short but bloody and ob-
<<UHie struggle; but, in accordance with his usual
pcudenct, he neither announced his victories in pom-
pom ton to the senate, nor did he accept a a triumph
which Augustus offered him. In B. C. 18, he was in-
rated with the tribunician power for five years togeth-
a Kith Augustus; and in the following year (B. C.
17), his two eons, Caius and Lucius, were adopted by
Augtutu*. At the close of the year, he accepted an
intuition of Herod the Great, and went to Jerusalem.
He founded the military colony of Berytus (Beyrout);
thence he proceeded, in B. C. 16, to the Pontus Euxi-
aa. and compelled the Bosporani to accept Polemo
far their king, and to restore the Roman eagles which
had been taken by Mithradates. On his return he stay-
ed joroe time in Ionia, -where he granted privileges to
the Jews, whose cause was pleaded by Herod (Joseph. ,
A:ti'j. Jud. . 16, 2). and then proceeded to Home,
where he arrived in B. C. 13. After his tribunician
power had been prolonged for five years, he went to
Pinnonia to restore tranquillity to that province. He
icturned in B. C. 12, after having been successful as
usual and retired to Campania. There he died unex-
pectedly, in the month of March, B. C. 12, in his 51st
year. His body was carried to Rome, and was buried
m the mausoleum of Augustus, who himself pronoun-
ceil a funeral oration over it.
Dion Cassius tells us (52, 1, &c. ), that in the year
B. C. 29 Augustus assembled his friends and counsel-
ion. Agrippa and Maecenas, demanding their opinion
u to whether it would be advisable for him to usurp
monarchical power, or to restore to the nation its for-
mer republican government. This is corroborated by
? Suetonius (Octac. . 28), who says that Augustus twice
deliberated upon that subject. The speeches which
Asrippa and Mecenas delivered on this occasion arc
gnen by Dion Cassias; but the artificial character of
umn makes them suspicious. However, it does not
leem likely, from the general character of Dion Cas-
eutai an historian, that these speeches arc invented by
him; and it is not improbable, and such a supposition
? uiu entirety the character of Augustus, that those
? fetches were really pronounced, though preconcerted
between Augustus and his counsellors to make the
Roman nation believe that the fate of the Republic
was still a matter of discussion, and that Augustus
would not assume monarchical power till he had been
convinced that it was necessary for the welfare of the
nation. Besides, Agrippa, who, according to Dion
Cusius, advised Augustus to restore the Republic,
wa* a man whose political opinions had evidently a
monarchical tendency.
Aerippa was one of the most distinguished and im-
portant men of the age of Augustus. He must be con-
sidered as a chief support of the rising monarchical con-
stitution, and without Agrippa Augustus could scarce-
ly hn e succeeded in making himself the absolute mas-
ter of the Roman Empire. Dion Cassius (54, 29, &c. ),
VeUeius Paterculus (2. 79), Seneca (Ep. , 94), and
Horace (Od. , 1, 6} speak with equal admiration of his
merits.
Pliny constantly refers to the "Commentarii" of
Agrippa as an authority (EUnchus, 3, 4, 5, 6, comp.
3, 2), which may indicate certain official lists drawn
Dp by Mm in the measurement of the Roman world
? ? under Augustus (md. YEthicus), in which he may have
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? AGRIPPINA.
AGRIPPINA.
During some years Tiberius disguised his hatred of
Agrippina, but she soon became exposed to secret ac-
cusations and intrigues. She asked the emperor's per-
mission to choose another husband, but Tiberius nei-
ther refused nor consented to the proposition. Seja-
nus, who exercised an unbounded influence over Ti-
berius, then a prey to mental disorders, persuaded
Agrippina that the emperor intended to poison her.
Alarmed at such a report, she refused to eat an apple
which the emperor offered her from his table, and Ti-
berius, in his tum, complained of Agrippina regarding
him as a poisoner. According to Suetonius, all this
w;is an intrigue preconcerted between the emperor and
Sejanus, who, as it seems, had formed the plan of lead-
ing Agrippina into false steps. Tiberius was extreme-
ly suspicious of Agrippina, and showed his hostile feel-
ings by allusive words or neglectful silence. There
were no evidences of ambitious plans formed by Agrip-
pina, but the rumour having been spread that she would
fly to the army, he banished her to the island of Pan-
dataria (AD. 30), where her mother, Julia, had died
in exile. Her sons, Nero and Drusus. were likewise
banished, and both died an unnatural death. She liv-
ed three years on that barren island ; at last she refu-
sed to take any food, and died, most probably, by vol-
untary starvation. Her death took place precisely two
years after, and on the same date, as the murder of Se-
janus, that is, in AD. 33. Tacitus and Suetonius tell
us that Tiberius boasted that he had not strangled her.
(Sueton. , Tib. , 53 -- Toe. , Ann. , 6, 25. ) The ashes
of Agrippina, and those of her son Nero, were after-
ward brought to Rome by order of her son, the Em-
peror Caligula, who struck various medals in honour
of his mother. In one of these the head of Caligula
is on one side, and that of his mother on the other.
The words on each side are respectively, c. c. esar.
iVG. OKR. P. M. TR. POT. , and AGRIPPINA. MAT. C. C<<S.
avo. okrm. (Tac. , Ann. , 1-6. --Sueton. , Octal. , 64;
Ttb. , I. c; Calig. , I. c -- Dion Cats. , 57, 5, 6; 58,
22. )--II. The daughter of Gcrmanicus and Agrippina
the elder, daughter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa. She was
born between A. D. 13 and 17, at the Oppidum Ubio-
rum, afterward called, in honour of her, Colonia Agrip-
{>ina, now Cologne, and then the headquarters of the
egions commanded by her father. In A. D. 28, she
married Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, a man not unlike
her, and whom she lost in A. D. 40. After his death
she married Crispus Passienus, who died some years
afterward; and she was accused of having poisoned
him, either for the purpose of obtaining his great for-
tune, or for some secret motive of much higher impor-
tance. She was already known for her scandalous
conduct, for her most perfidious intrigues, and for an
unbounded ambition. She was accused of having com-
mitted incest with her own brother, the Emperor Ca-
ius Caligula, who, under the pretext of having discover-
ed that she had lived in an adulterous intercourse with
M. . 'Emilius Lepidus, the husband of her sister Drusil-
la, banished her to the island of Pontia, which was sit-
uated in the Sinus Syrticus Major, on the coast of Lib-
ya. Her sister Drusilla was likewise banished to Pon-
tia, and it seems that their exile was connected with
the punishment of Lepidus. who was put to death for
raving conspired against the emperor.
Previously to
her exile, Agrippina was compelled by her brother to
carry to Rome the ashes of Lepidus. This happened
In A. D. 39. Agrippina and her sister were released
? ? in A. D. 41, by their uncle, Claudius, immediately af-
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? A. GR
TBH* arc several medals of Agrippina, which are
dUtinsuishable from those of her mother by the title of
Augusta, which those of" h*r mother never have. On
KBM of her medals she is represented with her hus-
binJ Claudius, in others -with her son Nero. (Tac. ,
. Ira. , lib. 12, 13, 14,. - Dion Cats. , lib. 59-61. -- Su-
rtw, Claud. , 43, 44; ffero, 5, 6. )-- III. Vipsania,
tauntiter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa and Pomponia, the
daughter of T Pompoiiius Atticua, his first wife. She
wu married to Tiberius, afterward emperor, by whom
? he hadDrusns. Tiberius was much attached to her,
and with great reluctance divorced her when com-
manded by Augustus, that he might marry Julia, the
daughter of the emperor. She now married Asinius
Callus. the son of the celebrated Asinius Pollio, and
hore him several children. This gave rise to a feeling
? f hatred in the breast of Tiberius against Asinius,
irhich ultimately proved his ruin. (Vtd. Asinius II. )
The children of Agrippina. by Asinius were, C. Asinius
Sakminua. Asinius Oallus, Asinius Pollio, consul
A. U. C. 776, Asinius Agrippa, consul A. U. C. 778, and
Uinius Ccler. Agrippina died A. U. C. 773, and, ac-
'ordine to Tacitus (Ann. , 3, 19), she was tho only one
? fall the children of Agrippa that died a natural death.
{Tie -. Ann. , 1, 12; 3, 19; 3, 75; 4, 1, 34. -- Sue-
to*-, Tib. , eh. 7. -- Id. , Claud. , ch. 13. ) -- IV. COLO-
Ki. also called Colonia. Agrippinennt (Tac. , Hut. ,
\, 57; 4, 55), and on inscriptions Coloma Claudia
Avfust&Agnjrpincnsium, or simply Agrippina (Amm.
Marc. , 15, 8, 11), originally the chief town of the Ubii,
and called Oppidum Ubiorum. These are mentioned
by Cesar as a German nation, dwelling on the right
bank of the Rhine, who were afterward transferred to
th* left, or Gallic aide, by Agrippa. At this town
daughter of Germanicus, was born; and,
\
? when she had attained to the dignity of empress by
? srriage with Claudius, she sent hither a military col-
ony. A. C. 50, and caused the place to be named after
bsrself It soon became large and wealthy, and was
adomej with a temple of Mara. The inhabitants re-
ceived the jo* Italicum. It answers to the modern
Kobt or Cologne. (Tac. , Ann. , 1, 35; 12, 27. -- Id. ,
Hut. , 4, 28; 1, 57; 4, 55. -- Dim Cumuli, 48, 49. )
ACRIFPINDS, bishop of Carthage, of venerable mem-
ory, but known for being the first to maintain the neces-
sity of rebaptizing all heretics. ( Vincent. Linn. , Com-
mnut . 1, 9. ) St. Cyprian regarded this opinion as the
correction of an error (St. Aufiutin. , De Baptismo, 2,
7, vol. 9, p. 103, eil. Bened. ), and St. Augustine seems
to imply he defended his error in writing. (Epttt. , 93,
c. 10. ) He held the council of seventy bishops at
Carthage, about A. D. 200 ( Vulg. A. D. 21f>, Mans.
A. D. 217), on the subject of Baptism. Though he er-
red in a matter yet undefined by the Church, St. Au-
gustine notices that neither he nor St. Cyprian thought
of separating from the Church. (De Baptismo, 3, 1,
p. 109. ) -- II. Paconius, whose father was put to death
by Tiberius on a charge of treason. (Suet. , Tib. , 61. )
Agnppinus was accused at the same time as Thrasea,
A-D. 67, and was banished from Italy. (Tac. , Ann. ,
16, 28, 29, 33. ) He was a Stoic philosopher, and is
? poken of with praise by Epictctus (ap. Slob. , Scrm. ,
7), and Arrian (1, 1).
AGEIUS ('\fpiof), I. a son of Porthaon and Euryte,
and brother of CEneus, king of Calydon, in . 1 ;ioli:i,
AJcatbous, Melas. Leucopeus, and Sterope. He was
/atherofnx sons, of whom Thersites was one. These
? ? foam ofAgrius deprived CEneus of his kingdom, and
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? AGR
AJA
try. When the ^Etolians attempted to compel the
Medionians to join their confederacy, Agron undertook
to protect them, having been induced to do so by a
large bribe which he received from Demetrius, the fa-
ther of Philip. He accordingly sent to their assistance
a force of 5000 Illyrians, who gained a decisive victory
over the ? Etolians. Agron, overjoyed at the news of
this success, gave himself up to feasting, and, in con-
sequence of his excess, contracted a pleurisy, of which
he died (B. C. 231). He was succeeded in the gov-
ernment by his wife Teuta. Just after his death, an
embassy arrived from the Romans, who had sent to
mediate in behalf of the inhabitants of the island of Issa,
who had revolted from Agron, and placed themselves
tinder the protection of the Romans. By his first wife,
Tritcuta, whom he divorced, he had a son named Pin-
nes, or Pinneus, who survived him, and was placed un-
der the guardianship of Demetrius Pharius, who mar-
ried his mother after the death of Tcuta. (Dion Cass. ,
34, 46, 151 --Polyb. , 2, 8-4. --Appian, III. , l. --Flor. ,
2, 5. -- Pirn. , H. N. , 34, 6. ) --III. Son of Eumelus,
frandson of Mcrops, lived with his sisters, Byssa and
leropis, in the island of Cos. They worshipped the
earth, as the giver of the fruits of harvest, without pay-
ing regard to any other deity. When they were invi-
ted to the festival of Minerva, the brother replied that
the black eyes of his sisters would not please the
blue-eyed goddess, and that, for himself, the owl was
an object of aversion. If desired to offer sacrifice to
Mercury, he declared that he would show no honour
to a thief. At the sacrifices of Diana he did not ap-
pear, because that goddess roamed abroad the whole
night long. Provoked at this conduct, Minerva, Diana,
and Mercury came to their dwelling, the latter as a
shepherd, the two goddesses as maidens, to invite Eu-
melus and Agron to a sacrifice to Mercury, and the sis-
ters to the grove of Minerva and Diana. When, how-
ever, Meropis reviled Minerva, she and her sisters were
changed into birds, together with Agron, who attempt-
ed to seize upon the divinities, and Eumelus, who
heaped reproaches upon Mercury for the metamorpho-
sis of his son. The legend makes Meropis to have been
changed into a small bird of the owl kind: Byssa re-
tained her name, and became, as a species of sea-fowl,
the bird of Leucothea: Agron became the bird Chara-
drius. (Anton. Lib. , 15. )
AgrSlas, surrounded the citadel of Athens with
walls, except that part which was afterward repaired by
Cimon. (Pausan. , 1, 28. ) We have here one of the
old traditions respecting the Pclasgic race. Agrolas
was aided in the work by his brother Hyperbius, both
of them Pelasgi. According to Pausanias (/. c), they
came, originally from Sicily. It is more than proba-
ble, however, that the names in question arc those of
two leaders or two tribes, and that the work was ex-
ecuted under their orders The wall erected on this
occasion was styled Pclargicon, and the builders of it
would seem to have erected also a town or small set-
tlement for themselves, which afterward became part
of the Acropolis. (Compare Stebelis, ad Pausan. , 1,
28. --Miller, Gesch. Hellen. Stdmmc, etc. , vol. 1, p.
440. )
Agrotera, I. an annual festival, celebrated at
Athens to Diana Agrotera. ('Apre/itii 'Kyporipg). It
was instituted by Callimachus the polemarch, in con-
sequence of a vow made by him before the battle of
Marathon, that he would sacrifice to the goddess as
?
of soldiers, and Augustus obtained a senatus consultum,
by which the banishment was legally confirmed for the
time of his life. The property of Agrippa was assign-
ed by Augustus to the treasury of the army. It is said
that during his captivity he received the visit of Au-
gustus, who secretly went to Planasia, accompanied by
Fabius Maxiinus. Augustus and Agrippa, both deep-
ly affected, shed tears when they met, and it was be-
lieved that Agrippa would be restored to liberty. But
the news of this visit reached Livia, the mother of Ti-
berius, and Agrippa remained a captive. After the ac-
cession of Tiberius, in A. D. 14, Agrippa was murder-
ed by a centurion, who entered his prison and killed
him, after a long struggle, for Agrippa was a man of
great bodily strength. When the centurion afterward
went to Tiberius to give him an account of the execu-
tion, the emperor denied having given any order for it,
and it is very probable that Livia was the secret au-
thor of the crime. There was a rumour that Augus-
tus had left an order for the execution of Agrippa. but
this is positively contradicted by Tacitus. (Tac. , Aim. ,
1, 3-6. -- Dion Cass. , 55, 32; 57, 3. -- Suet. , I. c,
Tii-, 22. --Fetfet'. , 2, 104, 112. )
After the death of Agrippa, a slave of the name of
Clemens, who was not informed of the murder, landed
on Planasia with the intention of restoring Agrippa to
liberty and carrying him off to the army in Germany.
When he heard of what had taken place, he tried to
profit by his great resemblance to the murdered cap-
tive, and he gave himself out as Agrippa. He landed
at Ostia, and found many who believed him, or affect-
ed to believe him, but he was seized and put to death
by order of Tiberius. (Tac, Ann. , 2, 39, 40. )
The name of Agrippa Caesar is found on a medal of
Corinth. -- IX. M. Vipsanius, was born in B. C. 63.
He was the son of Lucius, and was descended from a
very obscure family. At the age of twenty he studied
at Apollonia in Illyria, together with young Octavius,
afterward Octavianus and Augustus. After the mur-
der of J. Cassar in B. C. 44, Agrippa was one of those
intimate friends of Octavius who advised him to pro-
ceed immediately to Home. Octavius took Agrippa
with him, and charged him to receivo the oath of fidel-
ity from several logions which had declared in his fa-
vour. Having been chosen consul in B. C. 43, Octa-
vius gave to his friend Agrippa the delicate commis-
sion of prosecuting C. Cassius, one of the murderers
of J. Caesar. At the outbreak of the Perusinian war
between Octavius, now Octavianus, and L. Antonius,
in B. C. 41, Agrippa, who was then praetor, command-
ed part of the forces of Octavianus,* and, after distin-
guishing himsclfby skilful manoeuvres, besieged L. An-
tonius in Perusia. He took the town in B. C. 40, and
towards the end of the same year retook Sipontum,
which had fallen into the hands of M. Antonius. In
B. C. 38, Agrippa obtained fresh success in Gaul, where
he quelled a revolt of the native chiefs; he also pene-
trated into Germany as far as the country of the Catti,
and transplanted the Ubii to the left bank of the Rhine;
whereupon he turned his arms against the revolted
Aquitani, whom he soon brought to obedience. His
victories, especially those in Aquitania, contributed
much to securing the power of Octavianus, and he
was recalled by him to undertake the command of the
war against Sextus PompciuB, which was on the point
of breaking out, B. C. 37. Octavianus offered him a
? ? triumph, which Agrippa declined, but accepted the
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? l>>B. C. 19,Agtippa \v,. Mt into Gaul. Ho pacified
IhetiHbulent. natiTes, and constructed four great (uil. -
tt nidi <<nd >> splendid aqueduct at Nemausus (Ni-
BS). From thence lie proceeded to Spain, and sub-
daedilttCantabnana after a short but bloody and ob-
<<UHie struggle; but, in accordance with his usual
pcudenct, he neither announced his victories in pom-
pom ton to the senate, nor did he accept a a triumph
which Augustus offered him. In B. C. 18, he was in-
rated with the tribunician power for five years togeth-
a Kith Augustus; and in the following year (B. C.
17), his two eons, Caius and Lucius, were adopted by
Augtutu*. At the close of the year, he accepted an
intuition of Herod the Great, and went to Jerusalem.
He founded the military colony of Berytus (Beyrout);
thence he proceeded, in B. C. 16, to the Pontus Euxi-
aa. and compelled the Bosporani to accept Polemo
far their king, and to restore the Roman eagles which
had been taken by Mithradates. On his return he stay-
ed joroe time in Ionia, -where he granted privileges to
the Jews, whose cause was pleaded by Herod (Joseph. ,
A:ti'j. Jud. . 16, 2). and then proceeded to Home,
where he arrived in B. C. 13. After his tribunician
power had been prolonged for five years, he went to
Pinnonia to restore tranquillity to that province. He
icturned in B. C. 12, after having been successful as
usual and retired to Campania. There he died unex-
pectedly, in the month of March, B. C. 12, in his 51st
year. His body was carried to Rome, and was buried
m the mausoleum of Augustus, who himself pronoun-
ceil a funeral oration over it.
Dion Cassius tells us (52, 1, &c. ), that in the year
B. C. 29 Augustus assembled his friends and counsel-
ion. Agrippa and Maecenas, demanding their opinion
u to whether it would be advisable for him to usurp
monarchical power, or to restore to the nation its for-
mer republican government. This is corroborated by
? Suetonius (Octac. . 28), who says that Augustus twice
deliberated upon that subject. The speeches which
Asrippa and Mecenas delivered on this occasion arc
gnen by Dion Cassias; but the artificial character of
umn makes them suspicious. However, it does not
leem likely, from the general character of Dion Cas-
eutai an historian, that these speeches arc invented by
him; and it is not improbable, and such a supposition
? uiu entirety the character of Augustus, that those
? fetches were really pronounced, though preconcerted
between Augustus and his counsellors to make the
Roman nation believe that the fate of the Republic
was still a matter of discussion, and that Augustus
would not assume monarchical power till he had been
convinced that it was necessary for the welfare of the
nation. Besides, Agrippa, who, according to Dion
Cusius, advised Augustus to restore the Republic,
wa* a man whose political opinions had evidently a
monarchical tendency.
Aerippa was one of the most distinguished and im-
portant men of the age of Augustus. He must be con-
sidered as a chief support of the rising monarchical con-
stitution, and without Agrippa Augustus could scarce-
ly hn e succeeded in making himself the absolute mas-
ter of the Roman Empire. Dion Cassius (54, 29, &c. ),
VeUeius Paterculus (2. 79), Seneca (Ep. , 94), and
Horace (Od. , 1, 6} speak with equal admiration of his
merits.
Pliny constantly refers to the "Commentarii" of
Agrippa as an authority (EUnchus, 3, 4, 5, 6, comp.
3, 2), which may indicate certain official lists drawn
Dp by Mm in the measurement of the Roman world
? ? under Augustus (md. YEthicus), in which he may have
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? AGRIPPINA.
AGRIPPINA.
During some years Tiberius disguised his hatred of
Agrippina, but she soon became exposed to secret ac-
cusations and intrigues. She asked the emperor's per-
mission to choose another husband, but Tiberius nei-
ther refused nor consented to the proposition. Seja-
nus, who exercised an unbounded influence over Ti-
berius, then a prey to mental disorders, persuaded
Agrippina that the emperor intended to poison her.
Alarmed at such a report, she refused to eat an apple
which the emperor offered her from his table, and Ti-
berius, in his tum, complained of Agrippina regarding
him as a poisoner. According to Suetonius, all this
w;is an intrigue preconcerted between the emperor and
Sejanus, who, as it seems, had formed the plan of lead-
ing Agrippina into false steps. Tiberius was extreme-
ly suspicious of Agrippina, and showed his hostile feel-
ings by allusive words or neglectful silence. There
were no evidences of ambitious plans formed by Agrip-
pina, but the rumour having been spread that she would
fly to the army, he banished her to the island of Pan-
dataria (AD. 30), where her mother, Julia, had died
in exile. Her sons, Nero and Drusus. were likewise
banished, and both died an unnatural death. She liv-
ed three years on that barren island ; at last she refu-
sed to take any food, and died, most probably, by vol-
untary starvation. Her death took place precisely two
years after, and on the same date, as the murder of Se-
janus, that is, in AD. 33. Tacitus and Suetonius tell
us that Tiberius boasted that he had not strangled her.
(Sueton. , Tib. , 53 -- Toe. , Ann. , 6, 25. ) The ashes
of Agrippina, and those of her son Nero, were after-
ward brought to Rome by order of her son, the Em-
peror Caligula, who struck various medals in honour
of his mother. In one of these the head of Caligula
is on one side, and that of his mother on the other.
The words on each side are respectively, c. c. esar.
iVG. OKR. P. M. TR. POT. , and AGRIPPINA. MAT. C. C<<S.
avo. okrm. (Tac. , Ann. , 1-6. --Sueton. , Octal. , 64;
Ttb. , I. c; Calig. , I. c -- Dion Cats. , 57, 5, 6; 58,
22. )--II. The daughter of Gcrmanicus and Agrippina
the elder, daughter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa. She was
born between A. D. 13 and 17, at the Oppidum Ubio-
rum, afterward called, in honour of her, Colonia Agrip-
{>ina, now Cologne, and then the headquarters of the
egions commanded by her father. In A. D. 28, she
married Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, a man not unlike
her, and whom she lost in A. D. 40. After his death
she married Crispus Passienus, who died some years
afterward; and she was accused of having poisoned
him, either for the purpose of obtaining his great for-
tune, or for some secret motive of much higher impor-
tance. She was already known for her scandalous
conduct, for her most perfidious intrigues, and for an
unbounded ambition. She was accused of having com-
mitted incest with her own brother, the Emperor Ca-
ius Caligula, who, under the pretext of having discover-
ed that she had lived in an adulterous intercourse with
M. . 'Emilius Lepidus, the husband of her sister Drusil-
la, banished her to the island of Pontia, which was sit-
uated in the Sinus Syrticus Major, on the coast of Lib-
ya. Her sister Drusilla was likewise banished to Pon-
tia, and it seems that their exile was connected with
the punishment of Lepidus. who was put to death for
raving conspired against the emperor.
Previously to
her exile, Agrippina was compelled by her brother to
carry to Rome the ashes of Lepidus. This happened
In A. D. 39. Agrippina and her sister were released
? ? in A. D. 41, by their uncle, Claudius, immediately af-
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? A. GR
TBH* arc several medals of Agrippina, which are
dUtinsuishable from those of her mother by the title of
Augusta, which those of" h*r mother never have. On
KBM of her medals she is represented with her hus-
binJ Claudius, in others -with her son Nero. (Tac. ,
. Ira. , lib. 12, 13, 14,. - Dion Cats. , lib. 59-61. -- Su-
rtw, Claud. , 43, 44; ffero, 5, 6. )-- III. Vipsania,
tauntiter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa and Pomponia, the
daughter of T Pompoiiius Atticua, his first wife. She
wu married to Tiberius, afterward emperor, by whom
? he hadDrusns. Tiberius was much attached to her,
and with great reluctance divorced her when com-
manded by Augustus, that he might marry Julia, the
daughter of the emperor. She now married Asinius
Callus. the son of the celebrated Asinius Pollio, and
hore him several children. This gave rise to a feeling
? f hatred in the breast of Tiberius against Asinius,
irhich ultimately proved his ruin. (Vtd. Asinius II. )
The children of Agrippina. by Asinius were, C. Asinius
Sakminua. Asinius Oallus, Asinius Pollio, consul
A. U. C. 776, Asinius Agrippa, consul A. U. C. 778, and
Uinius Ccler. Agrippina died A. U. C. 773, and, ac-
'ordine to Tacitus (Ann. , 3, 19), she was tho only one
? fall the children of Agrippa that died a natural death.
{Tie -. Ann. , 1, 12; 3, 19; 3, 75; 4, 1, 34. -- Sue-
to*-, Tib. , eh. 7. -- Id. , Claud. , ch. 13. ) -- IV. COLO-
Ki. also called Colonia. Agrippinennt (Tac. , Hut. ,
\, 57; 4, 55), and on inscriptions Coloma Claudia
Avfust&Agnjrpincnsium, or simply Agrippina (Amm.
Marc. , 15, 8, 11), originally the chief town of the Ubii,
and called Oppidum Ubiorum. These are mentioned
by Cesar as a German nation, dwelling on the right
bank of the Rhine, who were afterward transferred to
th* left, or Gallic aide, by Agrippa. At this town
daughter of Germanicus, was born; and,
\
? when she had attained to the dignity of empress by
? srriage with Claudius, she sent hither a military col-
ony. A. C. 50, and caused the place to be named after
bsrself It soon became large and wealthy, and was
adomej with a temple of Mara. The inhabitants re-
ceived the jo* Italicum. It answers to the modern
Kobt or Cologne. (Tac. , Ann. , 1, 35; 12, 27. -- Id. ,
Hut. , 4, 28; 1, 57; 4, 55. -- Dim Cumuli, 48, 49. )
ACRIFPINDS, bishop of Carthage, of venerable mem-
ory, but known for being the first to maintain the neces-
sity of rebaptizing all heretics. ( Vincent. Linn. , Com-
mnut . 1, 9. ) St. Cyprian regarded this opinion as the
correction of an error (St. Aufiutin. , De Baptismo, 2,
7, vol. 9, p. 103, eil. Bened. ), and St. Augustine seems
to imply he defended his error in writing. (Epttt. , 93,
c. 10. ) He held the council of seventy bishops at
Carthage, about A. D. 200 ( Vulg. A. D. 21f>, Mans.
A. D. 217), on the subject of Baptism. Though he er-
red in a matter yet undefined by the Church, St. Au-
gustine notices that neither he nor St. Cyprian thought
of separating from the Church. (De Baptismo, 3, 1,
p. 109. ) -- II. Paconius, whose father was put to death
by Tiberius on a charge of treason. (Suet. , Tib. , 61. )
Agnppinus was accused at the same time as Thrasea,
A-D. 67, and was banished from Italy. (Tac. , Ann. ,
16, 28, 29, 33. ) He was a Stoic philosopher, and is
? poken of with praise by Epictctus (ap. Slob. , Scrm. ,
7), and Arrian (1, 1).
AGEIUS ('\fpiof), I. a son of Porthaon and Euryte,
and brother of CEneus, king of Calydon, in . 1 ;ioli:i,
AJcatbous, Melas. Leucopeus, and Sterope. He was
/atherofnx sons, of whom Thersites was one. These
? ? foam ofAgrius deprived CEneus of his kingdom, and
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? AGR
AJA
try. When the ^Etolians attempted to compel the
Medionians to join their confederacy, Agron undertook
to protect them, having been induced to do so by a
large bribe which he received from Demetrius, the fa-
ther of Philip. He accordingly sent to their assistance
a force of 5000 Illyrians, who gained a decisive victory
over the ? Etolians. Agron, overjoyed at the news of
this success, gave himself up to feasting, and, in con-
sequence of his excess, contracted a pleurisy, of which
he died (B. C. 231). He was succeeded in the gov-
ernment by his wife Teuta. Just after his death, an
embassy arrived from the Romans, who had sent to
mediate in behalf of the inhabitants of the island of Issa,
who had revolted from Agron, and placed themselves
tinder the protection of the Romans. By his first wife,
Tritcuta, whom he divorced, he had a son named Pin-
nes, or Pinneus, who survived him, and was placed un-
der the guardianship of Demetrius Pharius, who mar-
ried his mother after the death of Tcuta. (Dion Cass. ,
34, 46, 151 --Polyb. , 2, 8-4. --Appian, III. , l. --Flor. ,
2, 5. -- Pirn. , H. N. , 34, 6. ) --III. Son of Eumelus,
frandson of Mcrops, lived with his sisters, Byssa and
leropis, in the island of Cos. They worshipped the
earth, as the giver of the fruits of harvest, without pay-
ing regard to any other deity. When they were invi-
ted to the festival of Minerva, the brother replied that
the black eyes of his sisters would not please the
blue-eyed goddess, and that, for himself, the owl was
an object of aversion. If desired to offer sacrifice to
Mercury, he declared that he would show no honour
to a thief. At the sacrifices of Diana he did not ap-
pear, because that goddess roamed abroad the whole
night long. Provoked at this conduct, Minerva, Diana,
and Mercury came to their dwelling, the latter as a
shepherd, the two goddesses as maidens, to invite Eu-
melus and Agron to a sacrifice to Mercury, and the sis-
ters to the grove of Minerva and Diana. When, how-
ever, Meropis reviled Minerva, she and her sisters were
changed into birds, together with Agron, who attempt-
ed to seize upon the divinities, and Eumelus, who
heaped reproaches upon Mercury for the metamorpho-
sis of his son. The legend makes Meropis to have been
changed into a small bird of the owl kind: Byssa re-
tained her name, and became, as a species of sea-fowl,
the bird of Leucothea: Agron became the bird Chara-
drius. (Anton. Lib. , 15. )
AgrSlas, surrounded the citadel of Athens with
walls, except that part which was afterward repaired by
Cimon. (Pausan. , 1, 28. ) We have here one of the
old traditions respecting the Pclasgic race. Agrolas
was aided in the work by his brother Hyperbius, both
of them Pelasgi. According to Pausanias (/. c), they
came, originally from Sicily. It is more than proba-
ble, however, that the names in question arc those of
two leaders or two tribes, and that the work was ex-
ecuted under their orders The wall erected on this
occasion was styled Pclargicon, and the builders of it
would seem to have erected also a town or small set-
tlement for themselves, which afterward became part
of the Acropolis. (Compare Stebelis, ad Pausan. , 1,
28. --Miller, Gesch. Hellen. Stdmmc, etc. , vol. 1, p.
440. )
Agrotera, I. an annual festival, celebrated at
Athens to Diana Agrotera. ('Apre/itii 'Kyporipg). It
was instituted by Callimachus the polemarch, in con-
sequence of a vow made by him before the battle of
Marathon, that he would sacrifice to the goddess as
?
