Raynouard,
François
Juste-Marie (rā-nwär').
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
(1677); Esther) (1689); (Atha-
lie) (1691), his last dramatic work; (Abridg.
ment of the History of Port Royal); Letters);
and some historical memoranda concerning the
campaigns of Louis XIV. *
Racine, Louis. A French poet and critic,
son of J. B. ; born at Paris in 1692; died in
1763. He is chiefly noteworthy for his two
poems, (Grace) (1720), and Religion (1742),
which passed through sixty editions. He wrote
in prose : (Reflections upon Poetry); (Memoirs
of the Life of Racine); and (Remarks on Ra-
cine's Tragedies. ' (Complete Works, 1808).
Radcliffe, Ann. An English novelist; born
in London, July 9, 1764; died 1823. She was
once very popular, but is not now read. Her
best-known novel, still familiar by name as a
type of the pseudo-mediceval, is 'The Mysteries
29
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RAE- RAMSAY
:
of Udolpho) (1794), which ran through many
editions. She also wrote: (The Castles of Ath-
lin and Dunboyne (1789); A Sicilian Romance)
(1790); “The Romance of the Forest) (1791);
and “The Italian (1797).
Rae, Edward. An English traveler and de-
scriptive writer; born at Birkenhead in 1847.
His publications include: (The Land of the
North Wind); (The Country of the Moors);
(The White Sea Peninsula); and (A Limb of
the Law, a novel : all most favorably received.
Rafn, Carl Christian (raín). A Danish critic
and archæologist; born in Brahesborg, Fünen,
Jan. 16, 1795; died in Copenhagen, Oct. 20, 1864.
He produced numerous works, the most im-
portant being a Danish translation of Norse
mythic and romantic sagas (1829-30); an edi.
tion of Ragnar Lodbrog's death-song, with phil.
ologico-critical remarks (1826); and (American
Antiquities) (1837), his most widely read book,
in which he undertakes to prove that America
was discovered by Norsemen in the tenth cen.
tury.
Ragozin, Zénäide Alexëivna (räg'o-tsin). A
Russian-American Oriental writer; born in 1835.
She came to the United States in 1874. Her
most important books are: “The Story of
Chaldea (1886); (The Story of Assyria) (1887);
and (The Story of Media, Babylon, and Per-
sia (1888),- all in the (Stories of the Nations)
series.
Rainsford, William Stephen. An American
Episcopal clergyman; born in Dublin, Oct. 30,
1850. He was called to the rectorship of St.
George's, New York city, and since that time
has been associated with many philanthropic
and other reforms. Besides many contribu-
tions to current literature, he has published
(Sermons Preached in St. George's) (1887),
and (The Church's Opportunity in the City of
To-day?
Raleigh, Sir Walter. The famous English
admiral; born at Hayes in Devonshire, 1552;
executed Oct. 29, 1618. Imprisoned by Queen
Elizabeth, he produced poetical and literary
fragments, and his History of the World. His
poems were not published until nearly two
hundred years after his death (1814); his (Mis-
cellaneous Writings) in 1751; and his (Com-
plete Works) in 1829.
Ralph, James. An English pamphleteer and
poetaster; born in Philadelphia, about 1695;
died in Chiswick, Jan. 25, 1762. He went to
England in 1725 with Benjamin Franklin, and
was unsuccessful in his first efforts to win pub-
lic favor. His poem on Night) (1728) was
ridiculed by Pope in his (Dunciad); but his
continuation of Guthrie's History of England)
(1744-46) won public praise. He also published
(The Other Side of the Question (1742), a
reply to a criticism on the Duchess of Marl-
borough.
Ralph, Julian. An American journalist;
born in New York in 1853. His publications
include: (On Canada's Frontier); (Dixie);
(Our Great West); (Chicago and the World's
Fair); People We Pass); and (Alone in
China, and Other Stories. His contributions
to magazines are numerous and very popular.
Ralston, William Ralston Shedden. An
English writer on Russian folk-lore; born
1828; died 1889. He devoted himself to Rus-
sian studies, and published: (Kriloff and his
Fables) (1869); Liza) (1869); (Songs of the
Russian People) (1872); “Russian Folk-Tales)
(1873); and Early History of Russia' (1874).
Rambaud, Alfred Nicolas. An eminent
French historian; born at Besançon, depart-
ment of Doubs, July 2, 1842. Of his works
the most important is the History of French
Civilization' (3 vols. , 1885), which is used as a
text-book in nearly all universities. His other
publications include : (French Domination in
Germany, 1792-1804' (1873); (Germany under
Napoleon I. (1874); (The French and the
Russians, etc. (1877); (History of Russia)
(1878); (History of Contemporary Civilization
in France) (1887); and several theses. *
Ramée, Louisa de la. See Ouida.
Ramirez, Ignacio (rä-mē'reth). A Mexican
philosopher; born in San Miguel el Grande,
June 23, 1818; died in Mexico, June 15, 1879.
He was of pure Aztec blood. He published
under the pseudonym of “The Necromancer”
many satirical poems and philosophical arti-
cles; and also founded the paper Don Simpli-
cio, in 1846. His many literary works were
never collected; but his Manual of Rudiment-
ary Knowledge,' written in 1873, was published
in 1884.
Rammohun Roy (räm-mo-hun'roi). A Hindu
rajah; born at Rádhánagar, Bengal, May 1772;
died at Bristol, England, Sept. 27, 1833. Re-
jecting the Hindu religion at an early age, he
published A Gift to Monotheists,' a protest
against idolatry and priestcraft. He embraced
the moral principles of Christianity, and issued
(The Precepts of Jesus, the Guide to Peace
and Happiness) (1820); an English abridgment
of the sacred books of the Vedanta (1820);
and numerous pamphlets concerning the con-
dition of India.
Ramsay, Allan. A Scottish poet; born in
Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Oct. 15, 1686; died in
Edinburgh, Jan. 7, 1758. His fame rests largely
upon his “Gentle Shepherd' (1725), a pastoral
drama in the Lowland Scotch dialect, to which
songs were added (1728). It is regarded as
the best pastoral in any language. His prin-
cipal works are: (Tartana; or, The Plaid
(1721); (Fables and Tales) (1722); (Fair Assem-
bly) (1723); (Health) (1724); (The Tea-Table
Miscellany) (1724); “The Evergreen) (1725);
and (Thirty Fables) (1730). *
Ramsay, Andrew Michael. A Scotch
mathematician and theologian; born at Ays,
Jan. 9, 1686; died at St. Germain-en-Laye,
France, May 6, 1743. A visit to Fénelon at
a
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451
>
Cambray resulted in his conversion to Roman-
Catholicism and the production of his prin-
cipal work, (Travels of Cyrus) (1727), in avowed
imitation of (Télémaque. ? He also edited
(Télémaque, with an introduction : and wrote,
in French, a (Political Essay' on the principles
of its author; a (History of the Life and
Works of Fénelon); besides a number of Eng.
lish poems. His French is remarkable for its
purity and perfection of style.
Ramsay, David. An American physician
and historian; born in Lancaster County, Pa. ,
April 2, 1749; died at Charleston, May 8, 1815.
He devoted his leisure to the study of the Rev-
olutionary struggle, and published: (History of
the Revolution in South Carolina! ( 1785 );
History of the American Revolution (1789);
Life of Washington' (1801); and History of
South Carolina) (1809). His History of the
United States) was published posthumously in
1816, and his (Universal History Americanized
in 1819.
Ramus, Pierre (rä'mus). A French logician;
born at Cuth, Vermandois, 1515; was assas-
sinated in the massacre of St. Bartholomew,
August 1572. He distinguished himself at 21,
upon the occasion of taking his degree, by
defending the thesis that all that Aristotle
taught is false. He followed this with (Crit-
icism of Aristotelian Dialectic) (1543), written
in Latin; and with his Dialectic, a French
version of his system, the first work of the
kind published in the French language. His
literary activity produced in all fifty-nine works,
all but nine of which appeared before his
death. They include treatises on arithmetic,
geometry, and algebra.
Rand, Edward Augustus. An Episcopal
clergyman and writer of juvenile books; born
at Portsmouth, N. H. , in 1837. He has pub-
lished: (Christmas Jack) (1878); Pushing
Ahead (1880); ' The Tent in the Notch' (1881);
(After the Freshet) (1882); Little Brown Top
(1883); (Fighting the Sea' (1887); “Sailor Boy
Bob' (1888); “When the War Broke Out) (1888);
and others.
Randall, James Ryder. An American song-
writer; born in Baltimore, Md. , Jan. 18, 1839.
His Maryland, My Maryland) (1861), called
“the Marseillaise of the Confederate cause,
was set to music and became very popular.
He wrote much in support of the South. His
poems include: (The Sole Entry); Arling-
ton); (The Cameo Bracelet); (There's Life
in the Old Land Yet); and (The Battle Cry
of the South.
Randolph, John. An American statesman;
born at Cawsons, Va. , June 2, 1773; died at Phil.
adelphia, June 24, 1833. His response to Patrick
Henry is famous. His Letters to a Young
Relative) were published in 1834.
Randolph, Sarah Nicholas. An American
biographical writer, great-granddaughter of
Thomas Jefferson ; born at Edge Hill, Va. , Oct.
12, 1839. She has published: (The Domestic
Life of Thomas Jefferson) (1871); (The Lord
will Provide) (1872); (A Paper on Martha
Jefferson Randolph) (1876); and (Life of Stone-
wall Jackson (1876).
Ranke, Leopold (ränk'e). A leading Ger-
man historian; born at Wiehe, Saxony, Dec.
21, 1795; died May 23, 1886. From early youth
till his death at 90 he was engaged in fruitful
historical research and production; his chief
labors being devoted to the Reformation period,
15th and 16th centuries, all through Europe,
though his last work was a great Universal
History) (the first volume published when he
was 85), embodying the ripest results of modern
scholarship, but of most value in the earliest
part dealing with prehistoric origins. His (His-
tory of the Popes, their Church and State)
(1834-36),- which really means the mediæval
popes, the earlier papacy being only outlined,
is one of the most widely circulated histories
of modern times, and has been translated into
English, French, and Dutch. His History of
Germany during the Reformation' (1839–47) is
regarded in Germany as his best production.
Among his other important works are: (Crit-
ique on Modern Historians) (1824); Princes
and Nations of South Europe during the 16th
and 17th Centuries) (1827); and (Genesis of the
Prussian States) (1847). His exposé of the
reign of Louis XIV. has been compared to that
of Voltaire. *
Rankin, Jeremiah Eames. An American
clergyman and religious writer; born at Thorn-
ton, N. H. , Jan. 2, 1828. He has written sev-
eral national hymns, including "For God and
Home and Native Land' and Keep your
Colors Flying. ' He is also the author of
(Bridal Ring) (1866); (Auld Scotch Mither)
(1873); Subduing Kingdoms? (1881); (The
Hotel of God” (1883); (Atheism of Heart)
(1884); (Christ his Own Interpreter) (1884);
and "Ingleside Rhaims) (1887).
Rapin de Thoyras, Paul de (rä-pan' dė
twä-rä'). A French historian; born at Castres,
Languedoc, March 25, 1661; died at Wesel,
Holland, May 16, 1725. He is remarkable for
the production of a History of England
(1724), to which he devoted seventeen years'
labor. It undoubtedly shortened his life, and
he survived its publication but a year. It is
considered one of the most complete and im-
partial expositions of English political events
ever published. He also wrote: (A Disserta-
tion on the Whigs and Tories) (1717).
Raspe, Rudolph Eric (räs'pė). A German
archæologist and mineralogist; born at Han-
over in 1737; died in 1794. A refugee in Eng-
land, most of his books were published in
English. He is the author of the well-known
(Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvel-
lous Travels and Campaigns in Russia' (1785);
a recital of many extraordinary adventures
taken from ancient German books, but believed
by many to have been stories actually related
by Baron von Münchhausen (1720-97), who was
reputed to have entertained his friends with
## p. 452 (#468) ############################################
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RATTAZZI – READ
wonderful tales of his exploits in war, and be-
lieved to have been the greatest liar in all
Germany. Among his other writings, apart
from his works on mineralogy, may be named
(A Descriptive Catalogue of a General Collec-
tion of Engraved Stones) (1791), besides works
on philosophy, and historical memoirs.
Rattazzi, Marie Studolmine de Solms (rä.
täts'ē). A French novelist; born in London
(or in Waterford, Ireland) in 1830. Among her
many novels, (The Marriages of the Creole)
and "If I Were Queen) are the most popular.
She has edited several journals, and written a
number of poems and dramas, all under the
name of Princess Marie de Solms. ”
Raupach, Ernst Benjamin Salomo (rou'.
päch). A German dramatist; born at Strau-
pitz, Silesia, May 21, 1784; died at Berlin,
March 18, 1852. He was popular in his day,
but has latterly fallen into neglect, though he
has many admirers still. His leading plays in-
clude : (The Princess Chawansky) (1818); “The
Enchained” (1821); 'The Magic Ring of Love)
(1824); 'The Friends) (1825); Isidor and Olga!
(1826); “Raphael (1828); and “The Daughter
of the Air) (1829). His comedies were very
successful, - among others, (Critic and Anti-
Critic, (The Smugglers,' and (The Spirit of
the Time.
Ravenscroft, Edward. An English drama-
tist who flourished between 1671 and 1697. He
was exceedingly popular in his day. His first
play was Mamamouchi; or, The Citizen Turned
Gentleman) (1675), and was taken from Mo-
lière's "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme. His nu-
merous comedies, farces, and tragedies, some
posthumous, include "The Wrangling Lovers!
(1676); (Scaramouch, a Philosopher' (1677);
(King Edgar and Alfreda' (1677); Ignoramus)
(1678); (The London Cuckolds' (first published
in 1783); “ Dame Dobson' (1683); (The Canter-
bury Guests) (1695); and (The Italian Hus-
band' (1698).
Rawlinson, George. A noted English scholar,
historian, and theological writer; born at Chad-
lington, Oxfordshire, 1815. He is canon of
Canterbury Cathedral. His chief works and
editions are indispensable classics in their
fields : notably the set of "Great Oriental
Monarchies, (Five, 1862-67; (Sixth, 1873;
Seventh, 1876), and (with his brother Henry
and Sir J. G. Wilkinson) the 4-vol. edition of
Herodotus (1858-60). He has also written a
'History of Egypt) (1881), (Phænicia) (1889),
and many theological works.
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke, Sir. An
English. diplomat and Oriental scholar of great
repute, brother of George ; born at Chadling-
ton, Oxfordshire, April 11, 1810; died March 5,
1895. lle is chiefly remarkable for his re-
searches among the cuneiform inscriptions of
Persia, and for his translation of the Behistun
inscription, written in one of the old Persian
languages. He is the author of England and
Russia in the East' (1875), and of many papers
on geography and history.
Raymond, Henry J. An American journal.
ist; born at Lima, N. Y. , Jan. 24, 1820; died in
New York, June 18, 1809. He first attracted
attention by his editorials in the New York
Tribune; and on Sept. 18, 1851, founded the
New York Times. He was active in organiz-
ing the Republican party; and composed the
Address to the People' delivered at the Na-
tional Convention in Pittsburg, February 1856.
He has published: (Political Lessons of the
Revolution (1854); "Letters to Mr. Yancey!
(1860); History of the Administration of Pres-
ident Lincoln (1864); and 'Life and Services
of Abraham Lincoln (1865). He did much
to make the newspaper "editorial ” the power
it now is.
Raynouard, François Juste-Marie (rā-nwär').
A French poet and philologist; born at Bri-
gnoles, Provence, September 1761; died at Passy,
Oct. 27, 1836. His first tragedies, (Eleonora of
Bavaria) and “The Templars,' were produced
in 1805 with great success. He also wrote dur.
ing the régime of Napoleon: (Scipio); (The
States of Blois); (Don Carlos'; Charles I. ";
Deborah); and Joan of Arc at Orléans.
Later he produced a number of books con-
cerning the Provençal language and literature,
among them a Dictionary of the Language
of the Troubadours) (1838-44).
Reach, Angus Bethune. An English jour-
nalist; born at Inverness, Scotland, Jan. 23,
1821 ; died in London, Nov. 25, 1856. His first
production, Labor and the Poor) (1848), was
a very noted series of articles published in
the London Morning Chronicle. He wrote:
(The Comic Bradshaw; or, Bubbles from the
Boiler) (1848);Clement Lorimer; or, The Book
with the Iron Clasp,' a romance (1849); Leon.
ard Lindsay; or, The Story of a Buccaneer!
(1850); Claret and Olives! (1852); and many
amusing miscellanies and farces.
Read, Opie P. An American journalist; born
in Tennessee in 1852. He edited the Arkansaw
Traveller for many years. His studies of Ar-
kansas life have been widely read, and include:
(Len Gansett) (1888); My Young Master';
(An Arkansaw Planter); 'Up Terrapin River';
(A Kentucky Colonel); "On the Suwanee
River'; Miss Polly Lop, and Other Stories);
(The Captain's Romance); and (The Jucklins,
a novel.
Read, Thomas Buchanan. An American
portrait-painter and poet; born in Pennsylvania,
March 12, 1822; died in 1872. His most im-
portant works are : Poems (1847); "Lays and
Ballads (1848); ( The House by the Sea' (1856);
(The Wagoner of the Alleghanies) (1862); (A
Summer Story) (1865); and Poetical Works)
(1867). His best-known poems are (Sheridan's
Ride) and ( Drifting. He also published: (Fe-
male Poets of America) (1848); (The Pilgrims
of the Great St. Bernard,' a romance ; (The New
Pastoral (1854), his most ambitious poem;
(Sylvia; or, The Lost Shepherd (1857); (A
Voyage to Iceland) (1857); and (The Good
Samaritans) (1867). *
## p. 453 (#469) ############################################
READE - REEVES
453
Reade, Charles. The well-known English
novelist; born at Ipsden, June 8, 1814; died
April 11, 1884. His first great success was 'It's
Never Too Late to Mend' (1856); although he
had previously written Peg Woffington (1852),
and (Christie Johnstone) (1853). His numer-
ous productions include : (The Course of True
Love Never did Run Smooth' (1857); (Jack of
All Trades) (1858); (The Autobiography of a
Thief (1858); "Love Me Little, Love Me Long)
(1859); (The Double Marriage ; or, White Lies)
(1860); (The Cloister and the Hearth) (1861);
(Hard Cash) (1863); (Griffith Gaunt) (1866);
(Foul Play) (1869); "Put Yourself in his Place)
(1870); A Terrible Temptation) (1871); (A
Simpleton) (1873); (The Wandering Heir)
(1875); (A Woman-Hater) (1877); and (A Peril-
ous Secret, published posthumously. His plays
include: (Gold) (1850); Masks and Faces)
(1854); (The Courier of Lyons); (Two Loves
and a Life); (The King's Rivals) (1854);
(Drink) (1879); besides the dramatization of
a number of his novels. *
Reade, John. An Irish-Canadian clergyman
and journalist; born in Ballyshannon, Donegal,
Nov. 13, 1837. He came to Canada in 1856,
and has contributed to every magazine or re-
view established in Canada since 1860. His
writings include: “The Prophecy and Other
Poems) (1870); (Language and Conquest'
(1883); (The Making of Canada) (1885); (Lit-
erary Faculty of the Native Races of America)
(1885); (The Half-Breed” (1886); (Vita Sine
Liberis) (1886); and (Aboriginal American Po-
etry) (1887).
Reade, William Winwood. An English trav-
eler, novelist, and controversialist; born in Ox-
fordshire, Jan. 30, 1838; died April 24, 1875.
On his return from African journeys, he wrote
(Savage Africa) (1863); "The African Sketch-
Book) (1873); "Story of the Ashantee Cam-
paign (1875); and several novels. His mas-
terpiece is probably 'The Martyrdom of Man,
which presents the history of all the forms of
human slavery (1872; 13th ed. 1890).
Realf, Richard. An English-American poet;
born at Framfield, Sussex, June 14, 1834; com-
mitted suicide in Oakland, Cal. , Oct. 28, 1878.
At 18 he published, under the patronage of
several literary people, a collection of poems,
(Guesses at the Beautiful. In 1854 he came
to the United States, enlisted in the army in
1862, and wrote some of his best lyrics in the
field. His most admired poems are (My Slain,'
(An Old Man's Idyl, and Indirection.
Recke, Ernst von der (reck'ė). A Danish
romantic poet; born at Copenhagen, Aug. 14,
1848. His earliest and most popular poem is
the three-act drama Bertran de Born (1872).
He has written much on the art of Danish
verse, including Principles of Danish Versi-
fication as Manifested in its Historic and Sys-
tematic Development) (1881); and (The Rules
of Danish Versification Concisely Stated' (1885).
Among his other publications include : (Lyric
Poems) (1876); “King Liuvigild and his Sons,
a tragedy (1878); (Archilochus) (1878); (Knud
and Magnus,' a tragedy (1881); (Short Poems)
(1883); (Miscellaneous Poems) (1890); Fru
Jeanna,' a tragic opera (1891); and (The Duch-
ess of Burgundy' (1891).
Reclus, Jean Jacques Élisée (rā-klü'). A
French geographer and scientist; born in the
Gironde, May 15, 1830. After extensive travels
in England, Ireland, and North and South
America, he devoted himself to writing on the
social and political conditions of these countries,
many of his articles appearing in the Revue
des Deux Mondes and in the Tour du Monde.
Among his numerous writings, (The Earth)
(1867-68), (The Ocean Atmosphere and Life)
(1872), and Universal Geography) (1875-88),
in thirteen volumes, are most elaborate.
Redpath, James. An American journalist;
born in Berwick, Scotland, Aug. 24, 1833; died
Feb. 10, 1891. He was known as a fiery aboli-
tionist, and an ardent supporter of the Irish
in the land-league troubles. He founded the
«Redpath Lyceum Bureau,” an agency for
lecturers and musicians, in 1867, and conducted
it until 1875. He became assistant editor of
the North American Review in 1886. He pub-
lished: (Handbook to Kansas) (1859); (The
Roving Editor) (1859); “Echoes of Harper's
Ferry) (1860); (Southern Notes) (1860); (Guide
to Hayti) (1860); (The John Brown Invasion)
(1860); Life of John Brown' (1860); and
(Talks About Ireland (1881).
Redwitz (-Schmölz), Oskar von (red'vitz-
shmėlts). A German poet; born at Lichtenau,
Bavaria, June 28, 1823; died July 7, 1891. He
gained wide reputation by his first work, (Am-
aranth) (1849), an epic poem written in praise
of Roman-Catholicism; and his later works
did not fall short of his early promise. They
include: (Tales of the Forest Brook and the
Pine); Hermann Stark,' a novel (1868); the
remarkable Lay of the New German Empire)
( 1871 ); "Odilo) (1878 ); The Wartenberg
House) (1884); and Hymen) (1887).
Reese, Lizette Woodworth. An American
verse-writer and educator ; born in Maryland
in 1856. Her writings include: (A Branch of
May) (1887); (A Handful of Lavender); and
(A Quiet Road.
Reeve, Clara. An English novelist; born
at Ipswich in 1729; died Dec. 3, 1807. Her
most famous work is (The Champion of Vir-
tue : A Gothic Story) (1777), afterwards pub-
lished under the title of "The Old English
Baron. She had previously written (The
Phenix) (1772), a translation from the Latin
of Barclay's romance (Argenis. Among her
other and less important works are: The
Two Mentors) (1783); (The Progress of Ro-
mance) (1785); and “The Exiles; or, Memoirs
of Count de Cronstadt) (1788).
Reeves, Helen Buckingham (née Mathers).
An English novelist; born at Crewkerne,
Somersetshire, in 1852. Her novels treat of
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REEVES-RELLSTAB
domestic English life, and are exceedingly pop-
ular. They include : "Comin' through the Rye)
(1875); (The Token of the Silver Lily,' a poem
(1876); “Cherry Ripe) (1877); (As He Comes
up the Stair) (1878); (The Land of the Leal)
(1878); (My Lady Green Sleeves' (1879); (The
Story of a Sin? (1881); (Sam's Sweetheart)
(1883); Eyre's Acquittal) (1884); Jock o'
Hazeldean) (1884); (Found Out' (1885); (Mur-
der or Manslaughter ? ) (1885); (The Fashion
of this World' (1886); 'A Study of a Woman
(1893); and (A Man of the Time) (1894).
Reeves, Marian Calhoun Legaré. An Amer.
ican novelist; born at Charleston, S. C. , about
1854. She began to write in 1866 under the
pseudonym of “Fadette. Her publications in-
clude : (Ingemisco) (1867); (Randolph Honor)
( 1868 ); (Sea-Drift) (1869); (Wearithorne)
(1872); A Little Maid of Arcadie) (1888); and
in conjunction with Emily Read, (Old Martin
Boscawen's Jest) (1878), and Pilot Fortune)
(1883).
Regaldi, Giuseppe (rā-gäl'dē). An Italian
poet; born at Novara, November 1809; died at
Bologna, February 1883. He heard the im-
provisatore Giustiniani, and resolved to rival
him. He accordingly improvised in the prin-
cipal cities of Italy, in France, Switzerland, and
Germany, and with great success. His volumes
of verse include : War) (1832); Poems: Ex-
temporaneous and Elaborated (1839); (Songs)
(1840); National Songs) (1841); Prose and
Poetry) (1861-65); “Selected Poems) (1874);
(Water) (1878). He also wrote (Dora' (1867),
and History and Literature (1879).
Regnard, Jean François (ren-yar'). A French
comic dramatist; born at Paris in 1656; died
Sept. 4, 1709. By common consent his rank in
France is second to Molière only. His finest
productions are: (The Gambler) (1696), and
(The Sole Legatee) (1708). He also wrote:
(The Absent-Minded) (1697); ( The Unexpected
Return (1700); (The Follies of Love) (1704);
(The Menachmi? (1705), in imitation of Plau-
tus; and a number of satires and poems.
Regnier, Mathurin (ren-yā'). A French
satirist; born at Chartres, Dec. 21, 1573; died
at Rouen, Oct. 22, 1613. He is famed for
his Satires) (1608), sixteen in number, in which
he imitated Horace, Juvenal, and Martial. He
also wrote a number of epistles and elegies.
Editions of his works have appeared in 1853,
1862, 1867, and 1875.
Reid, Christian. See Tiernan, Frances C.
Reid, Mayne. An Irish novelist of advent-
ure ; born in Ballyroney, County Down, April
4, 1818; died near London, Oct. 22, 1883. He
came to the United States in 1838, and traveled
extensively North, East, South, and West. He
became a captain in the Mexican War. Later
he went to London, where he published his
many novels of adventure, including : (The
Rifle-Rangers) (1850); (The Scalp-Hunters?
(1851); (The Quadroon) (1855); (Osceola)
(1858); (The Maroon) (1862); 'Cliff-Climbers)
(1864); (Afloat in the Forest! (1866); (The
Castaways) (1870); and (Gwen-Wynne) (1877).
Reid, Thomas. A Scotch professor and phi-
losopher; born at Strachan, Kincardineshire,
April 26, 1710; died Oct. 7, 1796. He was pro-
fessor of moral philosophy at Glasgow Uni-
versity 1764-80, thenceforward devoting himself
to preparing for publication the substance of
his lectures. They appeared as (Intellectual
Powers) (1785), and Active Powers) (1785).
His other works include: An Essay on Quan-
tity) (1748); (An Inquiry into the Human Mind
on the Principles of Common-Sense) (1704),
his most original work; (A Brief Account
of Aristotle's Logic! (1774); (Essays on the
Intellectual Powers of Man) (1785); Essays
on the Active Powers of Man (1788). He is
the leading representative of the school of
common-sense. "
Reid, Thomas Wemyss. An English jour-
nalist; born at Newcastle on Tyne in 1842.
He contributed largely to English reviews and
magazines, and published : Cabinet Portraits:
Sketches of Leading Statesmen of Both Par-
ties) (1872); (Charlotte Brontë: A Monograph
(1877); Politicians of To-Day) (1879); (The
Land of the Bey) (1882); (Gabrielle Stuart
(1883); (A Memoir of John Deakin Heaton
(1883); "Gladys Fane: A Story of Two Lives)
( 1883 ); Mauleverer's Millions) (1885); Life
of William Edward Forster) (1888).
Reid, Whitelaw. An American journalist;
born near Xenia, O. , Oct. 27, 1837. During the
Civil War he represented the Cincinnati Ga.
zette in the field; and his letters, under the sig.
nature of Agate, attracted much attention.
Shortly afterward he published (After the War!
(1866), and (Ohio in the War) (1868), the most
important of all the State histories of the Civil
War. He became an editorial writer on the
New York Tribune; and upon the death of
Horace Greeley he succeeded him as editor and
principal owner. Besides many contributions to
periodicals, he wrote: (Schools of Journalism)
(1871); “The Scholar in Politics) (1873); (Some
Newspaper Tendencies) (1879); and (Town
Hall Suggestion) (1881). He was candidate
for Vice-President of the United States in 1892.
Reinbold, Adelheid. See Berthold.
Reinick, Robert (rin'ick). A German poet;
born at Dantzig, Prussia, Feb. 22, 1805; died at
Dresden, Feb. 7, 1852. He studied painting un.
der Schadow and Begas, and these studies in.
Auenced all of his lyric productions, which rank
among the best in German literature. His
works include: (Song-Book for Artists) (1833);
(Song-Book of a Painter) (1837-44); 'Songs and
Fables for the Young' (1844); (Hebel's Alle.
manic Poems Translated into High German
(1851); (Collected Songs) (1852); and (Book
of Poetic Fables and Stories. His poetry is
remarkable for its childlike humor, simplicity,
and artistic perfection.
Rellstab, Ludwig (rāl'stäb). A German
mathematician and critic; born at Berlin in
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RÉMUSAT — RÉVILLON
455
1799; died there in 1860. He published romances,
dramas, and critical essays, among them being :
(Henrietta,t he Beautiful Singer); (Algiers and
Paris) (1830-46); (The Year 1812) (1834); and
an Autobiography) (1860).
Rémusat, Charles de (rā-mü-sä'). A French
philosopher and minister of State; born at
Paris in 1797 ; died June 6, 1875. He published:
“Essays on Philosophy) (1842), which was re-
ceived with favor ; ( Treatise on German Philos-
ophy) (1845); (Abelard' (1845); (Bacon, his
Life and Time) (1858); “Religious Philosophy)
(1864); and History of English Philosophy
from Bacon to Locke) (1875).
Rémusat, Claire Élisabeth Jeanne de. A
French essayist; born at Paris in 1780; died
in 1821. She was the mother of Charles de
Rémusat, and companion to the Empress Jose-
phine. She wrote an "Essay on the Education
of Women (1824). Her Memoirs) are very
celebrated. They form the substance of her
diary, destroyed by fire and rewritten by her
from memory. They are very unfriendly to
Napoleon.
Rémusat, Jean Pierre Abel. A French
Orientalist; born at Paris, September 1788; died
June 3, 1832. He devoted himself to the study
of Asiatic languages, especially Chinese, and
published: (Researches among the Tartar Lan-
guages) (1820 ); «Elements of the Chinese
Grammar) (1822); Asiatic Miscellanies) (1825);
and New Miscellanies) (1828); besides trans-
lations and essays.
Renan, Joseph Ernest (ré-non'). The re-
nowned French Semitic-Orientalist, philologist,
historian, and essayist; born at Tréguier, Brit-
tany, Feb. 27, 1823; died at Paris, Oct. 2, 1892.
His chief subjects of study were the Semitic
languages, and the antecedents and beginnings
of Christianity. His works include: (General
History of the Semitic Languages) (1856); the
translations (Job) (1859), « The Song of Songs
(1860), and (Ecclesiastes) (1881); «The Life of
Jesus) (1863); (The Apostles) (1866); (St. Paul)
(1867); Anti-Christ? (1873); (The Gospels)
(1877); “The Christian Church' (1879); (Mar-
cus Aurelius) (1881); «The History of the Peo-
ple of Israel (1887-89). Also the collected
essays (Studies in Religious History) (1857),
(Essays in Criticism and Ethics (1859), "Ques-
tions of the Day) (1868), Miscellanies of Hlis.
tory and Travel (1878), New Studies in Re-
ligious History) (1884), and (Discourses and
Conferences) (1884); the philosophical dramas
"Caliban,' The Water of Youth, (The Priest
of Nemi, Dialogue of the Dead,' (The Ab.
bess of Jouarre,' and 'New-Year's Day) (1886);
and the autobiographical works (Recollections
of Infancy and Youth) (1883) and (Stray
Leaves) (1892). *
Repplier, Agnes. An American essayist;
born in Philadelphia in 1855. Her published
works include : (Books and Men); (Points of
View); In the Dozy Hours); (Essays in Idle.
ness); “Essays in Miniature); and (Varia. '
Restif, Nicolas Edme (called Restif or Rétif
de la Bretonne) (rė-tēt'). A French novelist ;
born at Sacy near Auxerre, Nov. 22, 1734; died
at Paris, Feb. 3, 1806. He published in all more
than 200 volumes, full of wit and imagination,
but reflecting the licentious habits of their au-
thor and his circle. The most noteworthy are :
(The Foot of Fanchette ) (1769); (The Per-
verted Countryman' (1774); (The Life of my
Father) (1778), a monument of filial piety;
(The Pornograph (1796), a plan for regulating
prostitution; and the remarkable (Autobiogra-
phy of Monsieur Nicolas) (1794-97, 16 vols. ).
Reuchlin, Johann (roich'lin).
lie) (1691), his last dramatic work; (Abridg.
ment of the History of Port Royal); Letters);
and some historical memoranda concerning the
campaigns of Louis XIV. *
Racine, Louis. A French poet and critic,
son of J. B. ; born at Paris in 1692; died in
1763. He is chiefly noteworthy for his two
poems, (Grace) (1720), and Religion (1742),
which passed through sixty editions. He wrote
in prose : (Reflections upon Poetry); (Memoirs
of the Life of Racine); and (Remarks on Ra-
cine's Tragedies. ' (Complete Works, 1808).
Radcliffe, Ann. An English novelist; born
in London, July 9, 1764; died 1823. She was
once very popular, but is not now read. Her
best-known novel, still familiar by name as a
type of the pseudo-mediceval, is 'The Mysteries
29
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450
RAE- RAMSAY
:
of Udolpho) (1794), which ran through many
editions. She also wrote: (The Castles of Ath-
lin and Dunboyne (1789); A Sicilian Romance)
(1790); “The Romance of the Forest) (1791);
and “The Italian (1797).
Rae, Edward. An English traveler and de-
scriptive writer; born at Birkenhead in 1847.
His publications include: (The Land of the
North Wind); (The Country of the Moors);
(The White Sea Peninsula); and (A Limb of
the Law, a novel : all most favorably received.
Rafn, Carl Christian (raín). A Danish critic
and archæologist; born in Brahesborg, Fünen,
Jan. 16, 1795; died in Copenhagen, Oct. 20, 1864.
He produced numerous works, the most im-
portant being a Danish translation of Norse
mythic and romantic sagas (1829-30); an edi.
tion of Ragnar Lodbrog's death-song, with phil.
ologico-critical remarks (1826); and (American
Antiquities) (1837), his most widely read book,
in which he undertakes to prove that America
was discovered by Norsemen in the tenth cen.
tury.
Ragozin, Zénäide Alexëivna (räg'o-tsin). A
Russian-American Oriental writer; born in 1835.
She came to the United States in 1874. Her
most important books are: “The Story of
Chaldea (1886); (The Story of Assyria) (1887);
and (The Story of Media, Babylon, and Per-
sia (1888),- all in the (Stories of the Nations)
series.
Rainsford, William Stephen. An American
Episcopal clergyman; born in Dublin, Oct. 30,
1850. He was called to the rectorship of St.
George's, New York city, and since that time
has been associated with many philanthropic
and other reforms. Besides many contribu-
tions to current literature, he has published
(Sermons Preached in St. George's) (1887),
and (The Church's Opportunity in the City of
To-day?
Raleigh, Sir Walter. The famous English
admiral; born at Hayes in Devonshire, 1552;
executed Oct. 29, 1618. Imprisoned by Queen
Elizabeth, he produced poetical and literary
fragments, and his History of the World. His
poems were not published until nearly two
hundred years after his death (1814); his (Mis-
cellaneous Writings) in 1751; and his (Com-
plete Works) in 1829.
Ralph, James. An English pamphleteer and
poetaster; born in Philadelphia, about 1695;
died in Chiswick, Jan. 25, 1762. He went to
England in 1725 with Benjamin Franklin, and
was unsuccessful in his first efforts to win pub-
lic favor. His poem on Night) (1728) was
ridiculed by Pope in his (Dunciad); but his
continuation of Guthrie's History of England)
(1744-46) won public praise. He also published
(The Other Side of the Question (1742), a
reply to a criticism on the Duchess of Marl-
borough.
Ralph, Julian. An American journalist;
born in New York in 1853. His publications
include: (On Canada's Frontier); (Dixie);
(Our Great West); (Chicago and the World's
Fair); People We Pass); and (Alone in
China, and Other Stories. His contributions
to magazines are numerous and very popular.
Ralston, William Ralston Shedden. An
English writer on Russian folk-lore; born
1828; died 1889. He devoted himself to Rus-
sian studies, and published: (Kriloff and his
Fables) (1869); Liza) (1869); (Songs of the
Russian People) (1872); “Russian Folk-Tales)
(1873); and Early History of Russia' (1874).
Rambaud, Alfred Nicolas. An eminent
French historian; born at Besançon, depart-
ment of Doubs, July 2, 1842. Of his works
the most important is the History of French
Civilization' (3 vols. , 1885), which is used as a
text-book in nearly all universities. His other
publications include : (French Domination in
Germany, 1792-1804' (1873); (Germany under
Napoleon I. (1874); (The French and the
Russians, etc. (1877); (History of Russia)
(1878); (History of Contemporary Civilization
in France) (1887); and several theses. *
Ramée, Louisa de la. See Ouida.
Ramirez, Ignacio (rä-mē'reth). A Mexican
philosopher; born in San Miguel el Grande,
June 23, 1818; died in Mexico, June 15, 1879.
He was of pure Aztec blood. He published
under the pseudonym of “The Necromancer”
many satirical poems and philosophical arti-
cles; and also founded the paper Don Simpli-
cio, in 1846. His many literary works were
never collected; but his Manual of Rudiment-
ary Knowledge,' written in 1873, was published
in 1884.
Rammohun Roy (räm-mo-hun'roi). A Hindu
rajah; born at Rádhánagar, Bengal, May 1772;
died at Bristol, England, Sept. 27, 1833. Re-
jecting the Hindu religion at an early age, he
published A Gift to Monotheists,' a protest
against idolatry and priestcraft. He embraced
the moral principles of Christianity, and issued
(The Precepts of Jesus, the Guide to Peace
and Happiness) (1820); an English abridgment
of the sacred books of the Vedanta (1820);
and numerous pamphlets concerning the con-
dition of India.
Ramsay, Allan. A Scottish poet; born in
Leadhills, Lanarkshire, Oct. 15, 1686; died in
Edinburgh, Jan. 7, 1758. His fame rests largely
upon his “Gentle Shepherd' (1725), a pastoral
drama in the Lowland Scotch dialect, to which
songs were added (1728). It is regarded as
the best pastoral in any language. His prin-
cipal works are: (Tartana; or, The Plaid
(1721); (Fables and Tales) (1722); (Fair Assem-
bly) (1723); (Health) (1724); (The Tea-Table
Miscellany) (1724); “The Evergreen) (1725);
and (Thirty Fables) (1730). *
Ramsay, Andrew Michael. A Scotch
mathematician and theologian; born at Ays,
Jan. 9, 1686; died at St. Germain-en-Laye,
France, May 6, 1743. A visit to Fénelon at
a
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451
>
Cambray resulted in his conversion to Roman-
Catholicism and the production of his prin-
cipal work, (Travels of Cyrus) (1727), in avowed
imitation of (Télémaque. ? He also edited
(Télémaque, with an introduction : and wrote,
in French, a (Political Essay' on the principles
of its author; a (History of the Life and
Works of Fénelon); besides a number of Eng.
lish poems. His French is remarkable for its
purity and perfection of style.
Ramsay, David. An American physician
and historian; born in Lancaster County, Pa. ,
April 2, 1749; died at Charleston, May 8, 1815.
He devoted his leisure to the study of the Rev-
olutionary struggle, and published: (History of
the Revolution in South Carolina! ( 1785 );
History of the American Revolution (1789);
Life of Washington' (1801); and History of
South Carolina) (1809). His History of the
United States) was published posthumously in
1816, and his (Universal History Americanized
in 1819.
Ramus, Pierre (rä'mus). A French logician;
born at Cuth, Vermandois, 1515; was assas-
sinated in the massacre of St. Bartholomew,
August 1572. He distinguished himself at 21,
upon the occasion of taking his degree, by
defending the thesis that all that Aristotle
taught is false. He followed this with (Crit-
icism of Aristotelian Dialectic) (1543), written
in Latin; and with his Dialectic, a French
version of his system, the first work of the
kind published in the French language. His
literary activity produced in all fifty-nine works,
all but nine of which appeared before his
death. They include treatises on arithmetic,
geometry, and algebra.
Rand, Edward Augustus. An Episcopal
clergyman and writer of juvenile books; born
at Portsmouth, N. H. , in 1837. He has pub-
lished: (Christmas Jack) (1878); Pushing
Ahead (1880); ' The Tent in the Notch' (1881);
(After the Freshet) (1882); Little Brown Top
(1883); (Fighting the Sea' (1887); “Sailor Boy
Bob' (1888); “When the War Broke Out) (1888);
and others.
Randall, James Ryder. An American song-
writer; born in Baltimore, Md. , Jan. 18, 1839.
His Maryland, My Maryland) (1861), called
“the Marseillaise of the Confederate cause,
was set to music and became very popular.
He wrote much in support of the South. His
poems include: (The Sole Entry); Arling-
ton); (The Cameo Bracelet); (There's Life
in the Old Land Yet); and (The Battle Cry
of the South.
Randolph, John. An American statesman;
born at Cawsons, Va. , June 2, 1773; died at Phil.
adelphia, June 24, 1833. His response to Patrick
Henry is famous. His Letters to a Young
Relative) were published in 1834.
Randolph, Sarah Nicholas. An American
biographical writer, great-granddaughter of
Thomas Jefferson ; born at Edge Hill, Va. , Oct.
12, 1839. She has published: (The Domestic
Life of Thomas Jefferson) (1871); (The Lord
will Provide) (1872); (A Paper on Martha
Jefferson Randolph) (1876); and (Life of Stone-
wall Jackson (1876).
Ranke, Leopold (ränk'e). A leading Ger-
man historian; born at Wiehe, Saxony, Dec.
21, 1795; died May 23, 1886. From early youth
till his death at 90 he was engaged in fruitful
historical research and production; his chief
labors being devoted to the Reformation period,
15th and 16th centuries, all through Europe,
though his last work was a great Universal
History) (the first volume published when he
was 85), embodying the ripest results of modern
scholarship, but of most value in the earliest
part dealing with prehistoric origins. His (His-
tory of the Popes, their Church and State)
(1834-36),- which really means the mediæval
popes, the earlier papacy being only outlined,
is one of the most widely circulated histories
of modern times, and has been translated into
English, French, and Dutch. His History of
Germany during the Reformation' (1839–47) is
regarded in Germany as his best production.
Among his other important works are: (Crit-
ique on Modern Historians) (1824); Princes
and Nations of South Europe during the 16th
and 17th Centuries) (1827); and (Genesis of the
Prussian States) (1847). His exposé of the
reign of Louis XIV. has been compared to that
of Voltaire. *
Rankin, Jeremiah Eames. An American
clergyman and religious writer; born at Thorn-
ton, N. H. , Jan. 2, 1828. He has written sev-
eral national hymns, including "For God and
Home and Native Land' and Keep your
Colors Flying. ' He is also the author of
(Bridal Ring) (1866); (Auld Scotch Mither)
(1873); Subduing Kingdoms? (1881); (The
Hotel of God” (1883); (Atheism of Heart)
(1884); (Christ his Own Interpreter) (1884);
and "Ingleside Rhaims) (1887).
Rapin de Thoyras, Paul de (rä-pan' dė
twä-rä'). A French historian; born at Castres,
Languedoc, March 25, 1661; died at Wesel,
Holland, May 16, 1725. He is remarkable for
the production of a History of England
(1724), to which he devoted seventeen years'
labor. It undoubtedly shortened his life, and
he survived its publication but a year. It is
considered one of the most complete and im-
partial expositions of English political events
ever published. He also wrote: (A Disserta-
tion on the Whigs and Tories) (1717).
Raspe, Rudolph Eric (räs'pė). A German
archæologist and mineralogist; born at Han-
over in 1737; died in 1794. A refugee in Eng-
land, most of his books were published in
English. He is the author of the well-known
(Baron Munchausen's Narrative of his Marvel-
lous Travels and Campaigns in Russia' (1785);
a recital of many extraordinary adventures
taken from ancient German books, but believed
by many to have been stories actually related
by Baron von Münchhausen (1720-97), who was
reputed to have entertained his friends with
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RATTAZZI – READ
wonderful tales of his exploits in war, and be-
lieved to have been the greatest liar in all
Germany. Among his other writings, apart
from his works on mineralogy, may be named
(A Descriptive Catalogue of a General Collec-
tion of Engraved Stones) (1791), besides works
on philosophy, and historical memoirs.
Rattazzi, Marie Studolmine de Solms (rä.
täts'ē). A French novelist; born in London
(or in Waterford, Ireland) in 1830. Among her
many novels, (The Marriages of the Creole)
and "If I Were Queen) are the most popular.
She has edited several journals, and written a
number of poems and dramas, all under the
name of Princess Marie de Solms. ”
Raupach, Ernst Benjamin Salomo (rou'.
päch). A German dramatist; born at Strau-
pitz, Silesia, May 21, 1784; died at Berlin,
March 18, 1852. He was popular in his day,
but has latterly fallen into neglect, though he
has many admirers still. His leading plays in-
clude : (The Princess Chawansky) (1818); “The
Enchained” (1821); 'The Magic Ring of Love)
(1824); 'The Friends) (1825); Isidor and Olga!
(1826); “Raphael (1828); and “The Daughter
of the Air) (1829). His comedies were very
successful, - among others, (Critic and Anti-
Critic, (The Smugglers,' and (The Spirit of
the Time.
Ravenscroft, Edward. An English drama-
tist who flourished between 1671 and 1697. He
was exceedingly popular in his day. His first
play was Mamamouchi; or, The Citizen Turned
Gentleman) (1675), and was taken from Mo-
lière's "Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme. His nu-
merous comedies, farces, and tragedies, some
posthumous, include "The Wrangling Lovers!
(1676); (Scaramouch, a Philosopher' (1677);
(King Edgar and Alfreda' (1677); Ignoramus)
(1678); (The London Cuckolds' (first published
in 1783); “ Dame Dobson' (1683); (The Canter-
bury Guests) (1695); and (The Italian Hus-
band' (1698).
Rawlinson, George. A noted English scholar,
historian, and theological writer; born at Chad-
lington, Oxfordshire, 1815. He is canon of
Canterbury Cathedral. His chief works and
editions are indispensable classics in their
fields : notably the set of "Great Oriental
Monarchies, (Five, 1862-67; (Sixth, 1873;
Seventh, 1876), and (with his brother Henry
and Sir J. G. Wilkinson) the 4-vol. edition of
Herodotus (1858-60). He has also written a
'History of Egypt) (1881), (Phænicia) (1889),
and many theological works.
Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke, Sir. An
English. diplomat and Oriental scholar of great
repute, brother of George ; born at Chadling-
ton, Oxfordshire, April 11, 1810; died March 5,
1895. lle is chiefly remarkable for his re-
searches among the cuneiform inscriptions of
Persia, and for his translation of the Behistun
inscription, written in one of the old Persian
languages. He is the author of England and
Russia in the East' (1875), and of many papers
on geography and history.
Raymond, Henry J. An American journal.
ist; born at Lima, N. Y. , Jan. 24, 1820; died in
New York, June 18, 1809. He first attracted
attention by his editorials in the New York
Tribune; and on Sept. 18, 1851, founded the
New York Times. He was active in organiz-
ing the Republican party; and composed the
Address to the People' delivered at the Na-
tional Convention in Pittsburg, February 1856.
He has published: (Political Lessons of the
Revolution (1854); "Letters to Mr. Yancey!
(1860); History of the Administration of Pres-
ident Lincoln (1864); and 'Life and Services
of Abraham Lincoln (1865). He did much
to make the newspaper "editorial ” the power
it now is.
Raynouard, François Juste-Marie (rā-nwär').
A French poet and philologist; born at Bri-
gnoles, Provence, September 1761; died at Passy,
Oct. 27, 1836. His first tragedies, (Eleonora of
Bavaria) and “The Templars,' were produced
in 1805 with great success. He also wrote dur.
ing the régime of Napoleon: (Scipio); (The
States of Blois); (Don Carlos'; Charles I. ";
Deborah); and Joan of Arc at Orléans.
Later he produced a number of books con-
cerning the Provençal language and literature,
among them a Dictionary of the Language
of the Troubadours) (1838-44).
Reach, Angus Bethune. An English jour-
nalist; born at Inverness, Scotland, Jan. 23,
1821 ; died in London, Nov. 25, 1856. His first
production, Labor and the Poor) (1848), was
a very noted series of articles published in
the London Morning Chronicle. He wrote:
(The Comic Bradshaw; or, Bubbles from the
Boiler) (1848);Clement Lorimer; or, The Book
with the Iron Clasp,' a romance (1849); Leon.
ard Lindsay; or, The Story of a Buccaneer!
(1850); Claret and Olives! (1852); and many
amusing miscellanies and farces.
Read, Opie P. An American journalist; born
in Tennessee in 1852. He edited the Arkansaw
Traveller for many years. His studies of Ar-
kansas life have been widely read, and include:
(Len Gansett) (1888); My Young Master';
(An Arkansaw Planter); 'Up Terrapin River';
(A Kentucky Colonel); "On the Suwanee
River'; Miss Polly Lop, and Other Stories);
(The Captain's Romance); and (The Jucklins,
a novel.
Read, Thomas Buchanan. An American
portrait-painter and poet; born in Pennsylvania,
March 12, 1822; died in 1872. His most im-
portant works are : Poems (1847); "Lays and
Ballads (1848); ( The House by the Sea' (1856);
(The Wagoner of the Alleghanies) (1862); (A
Summer Story) (1865); and Poetical Works)
(1867). His best-known poems are (Sheridan's
Ride) and ( Drifting. He also published: (Fe-
male Poets of America) (1848); (The Pilgrims
of the Great St. Bernard,' a romance ; (The New
Pastoral (1854), his most ambitious poem;
(Sylvia; or, The Lost Shepherd (1857); (A
Voyage to Iceland) (1857); and (The Good
Samaritans) (1867). *
## p. 453 (#469) ############################################
READE - REEVES
453
Reade, Charles. The well-known English
novelist; born at Ipsden, June 8, 1814; died
April 11, 1884. His first great success was 'It's
Never Too Late to Mend' (1856); although he
had previously written Peg Woffington (1852),
and (Christie Johnstone) (1853). His numer-
ous productions include : (The Course of True
Love Never did Run Smooth' (1857); (Jack of
All Trades) (1858); (The Autobiography of a
Thief (1858); "Love Me Little, Love Me Long)
(1859); (The Double Marriage ; or, White Lies)
(1860); (The Cloister and the Hearth) (1861);
(Hard Cash) (1863); (Griffith Gaunt) (1866);
(Foul Play) (1869); "Put Yourself in his Place)
(1870); A Terrible Temptation) (1871); (A
Simpleton) (1873); (The Wandering Heir)
(1875); (A Woman-Hater) (1877); and (A Peril-
ous Secret, published posthumously. His plays
include: (Gold) (1850); Masks and Faces)
(1854); (The Courier of Lyons); (Two Loves
and a Life); (The King's Rivals) (1854);
(Drink) (1879); besides the dramatization of
a number of his novels. *
Reade, John. An Irish-Canadian clergyman
and journalist; born in Ballyshannon, Donegal,
Nov. 13, 1837. He came to Canada in 1856,
and has contributed to every magazine or re-
view established in Canada since 1860. His
writings include: “The Prophecy and Other
Poems) (1870); (Language and Conquest'
(1883); (The Making of Canada) (1885); (Lit-
erary Faculty of the Native Races of America)
(1885); (The Half-Breed” (1886); (Vita Sine
Liberis) (1886); and (Aboriginal American Po-
etry) (1887).
Reade, William Winwood. An English trav-
eler, novelist, and controversialist; born in Ox-
fordshire, Jan. 30, 1838; died April 24, 1875.
On his return from African journeys, he wrote
(Savage Africa) (1863); "The African Sketch-
Book) (1873); "Story of the Ashantee Cam-
paign (1875); and several novels. His mas-
terpiece is probably 'The Martyrdom of Man,
which presents the history of all the forms of
human slavery (1872; 13th ed. 1890).
Realf, Richard. An English-American poet;
born at Framfield, Sussex, June 14, 1834; com-
mitted suicide in Oakland, Cal. , Oct. 28, 1878.
At 18 he published, under the patronage of
several literary people, a collection of poems,
(Guesses at the Beautiful. In 1854 he came
to the United States, enlisted in the army in
1862, and wrote some of his best lyrics in the
field. His most admired poems are (My Slain,'
(An Old Man's Idyl, and Indirection.
Recke, Ernst von der (reck'ė). A Danish
romantic poet; born at Copenhagen, Aug. 14,
1848. His earliest and most popular poem is
the three-act drama Bertran de Born (1872).
He has written much on the art of Danish
verse, including Principles of Danish Versi-
fication as Manifested in its Historic and Sys-
tematic Development) (1881); and (The Rules
of Danish Versification Concisely Stated' (1885).
Among his other publications include : (Lyric
Poems) (1876); “King Liuvigild and his Sons,
a tragedy (1878); (Archilochus) (1878); (Knud
and Magnus,' a tragedy (1881); (Short Poems)
(1883); (Miscellaneous Poems) (1890); Fru
Jeanna,' a tragic opera (1891); and (The Duch-
ess of Burgundy' (1891).
Reclus, Jean Jacques Élisée (rā-klü'). A
French geographer and scientist; born in the
Gironde, May 15, 1830. After extensive travels
in England, Ireland, and North and South
America, he devoted himself to writing on the
social and political conditions of these countries,
many of his articles appearing in the Revue
des Deux Mondes and in the Tour du Monde.
Among his numerous writings, (The Earth)
(1867-68), (The Ocean Atmosphere and Life)
(1872), and Universal Geography) (1875-88),
in thirteen volumes, are most elaborate.
Redpath, James. An American journalist;
born in Berwick, Scotland, Aug. 24, 1833; died
Feb. 10, 1891. He was known as a fiery aboli-
tionist, and an ardent supporter of the Irish
in the land-league troubles. He founded the
«Redpath Lyceum Bureau,” an agency for
lecturers and musicians, in 1867, and conducted
it until 1875. He became assistant editor of
the North American Review in 1886. He pub-
lished: (Handbook to Kansas) (1859); (The
Roving Editor) (1859); “Echoes of Harper's
Ferry) (1860); (Southern Notes) (1860); (Guide
to Hayti) (1860); (The John Brown Invasion)
(1860); Life of John Brown' (1860); and
(Talks About Ireland (1881).
Redwitz (-Schmölz), Oskar von (red'vitz-
shmėlts). A German poet; born at Lichtenau,
Bavaria, June 28, 1823; died July 7, 1891. He
gained wide reputation by his first work, (Am-
aranth) (1849), an epic poem written in praise
of Roman-Catholicism; and his later works
did not fall short of his early promise. They
include: (Tales of the Forest Brook and the
Pine); Hermann Stark,' a novel (1868); the
remarkable Lay of the New German Empire)
( 1871 ); "Odilo) (1878 ); The Wartenberg
House) (1884); and Hymen) (1887).
Reese, Lizette Woodworth. An American
verse-writer and educator ; born in Maryland
in 1856. Her writings include: (A Branch of
May) (1887); (A Handful of Lavender); and
(A Quiet Road.
Reeve, Clara. An English novelist; born
at Ipswich in 1729; died Dec. 3, 1807. Her
most famous work is (The Champion of Vir-
tue : A Gothic Story) (1777), afterwards pub-
lished under the title of "The Old English
Baron. She had previously written (The
Phenix) (1772), a translation from the Latin
of Barclay's romance (Argenis. Among her
other and less important works are: The
Two Mentors) (1783); (The Progress of Ro-
mance) (1785); and “The Exiles; or, Memoirs
of Count de Cronstadt) (1788).
Reeves, Helen Buckingham (née Mathers).
An English novelist; born at Crewkerne,
Somersetshire, in 1852. Her novels treat of
## p. 454 (#470) ############################################
454
REEVES-RELLSTAB
domestic English life, and are exceedingly pop-
ular. They include : "Comin' through the Rye)
(1875); (The Token of the Silver Lily,' a poem
(1876); “Cherry Ripe) (1877); (As He Comes
up the Stair) (1878); (The Land of the Leal)
(1878); (My Lady Green Sleeves' (1879); (The
Story of a Sin? (1881); (Sam's Sweetheart)
(1883); Eyre's Acquittal) (1884); Jock o'
Hazeldean) (1884); (Found Out' (1885); (Mur-
der or Manslaughter ? ) (1885); (The Fashion
of this World' (1886); 'A Study of a Woman
(1893); and (A Man of the Time) (1894).
Reeves, Marian Calhoun Legaré. An Amer.
ican novelist; born at Charleston, S. C. , about
1854. She began to write in 1866 under the
pseudonym of “Fadette. Her publications in-
clude : (Ingemisco) (1867); (Randolph Honor)
( 1868 ); (Sea-Drift) (1869); (Wearithorne)
(1872); A Little Maid of Arcadie) (1888); and
in conjunction with Emily Read, (Old Martin
Boscawen's Jest) (1878), and Pilot Fortune)
(1883).
Regaldi, Giuseppe (rā-gäl'dē). An Italian
poet; born at Novara, November 1809; died at
Bologna, February 1883. He heard the im-
provisatore Giustiniani, and resolved to rival
him. He accordingly improvised in the prin-
cipal cities of Italy, in France, Switzerland, and
Germany, and with great success. His volumes
of verse include : War) (1832); Poems: Ex-
temporaneous and Elaborated (1839); (Songs)
(1840); National Songs) (1841); Prose and
Poetry) (1861-65); “Selected Poems) (1874);
(Water) (1878). He also wrote (Dora' (1867),
and History and Literature (1879).
Regnard, Jean François (ren-yar'). A French
comic dramatist; born at Paris in 1656; died
Sept. 4, 1709. By common consent his rank in
France is second to Molière only. His finest
productions are: (The Gambler) (1696), and
(The Sole Legatee) (1708). He also wrote:
(The Absent-Minded) (1697); ( The Unexpected
Return (1700); (The Follies of Love) (1704);
(The Menachmi? (1705), in imitation of Plau-
tus; and a number of satires and poems.
Regnier, Mathurin (ren-yā'). A French
satirist; born at Chartres, Dec. 21, 1573; died
at Rouen, Oct. 22, 1613. He is famed for
his Satires) (1608), sixteen in number, in which
he imitated Horace, Juvenal, and Martial. He
also wrote a number of epistles and elegies.
Editions of his works have appeared in 1853,
1862, 1867, and 1875.
Reid, Christian. See Tiernan, Frances C.
Reid, Mayne. An Irish novelist of advent-
ure ; born in Ballyroney, County Down, April
4, 1818; died near London, Oct. 22, 1883. He
came to the United States in 1838, and traveled
extensively North, East, South, and West. He
became a captain in the Mexican War. Later
he went to London, where he published his
many novels of adventure, including : (The
Rifle-Rangers) (1850); (The Scalp-Hunters?
(1851); (The Quadroon) (1855); (Osceola)
(1858); (The Maroon) (1862); 'Cliff-Climbers)
(1864); (Afloat in the Forest! (1866); (The
Castaways) (1870); and (Gwen-Wynne) (1877).
Reid, Thomas. A Scotch professor and phi-
losopher; born at Strachan, Kincardineshire,
April 26, 1710; died Oct. 7, 1796. He was pro-
fessor of moral philosophy at Glasgow Uni-
versity 1764-80, thenceforward devoting himself
to preparing for publication the substance of
his lectures. They appeared as (Intellectual
Powers) (1785), and Active Powers) (1785).
His other works include: An Essay on Quan-
tity) (1748); (An Inquiry into the Human Mind
on the Principles of Common-Sense) (1704),
his most original work; (A Brief Account
of Aristotle's Logic! (1774); (Essays on the
Intellectual Powers of Man) (1785); Essays
on the Active Powers of Man (1788). He is
the leading representative of the school of
common-sense. "
Reid, Thomas Wemyss. An English jour-
nalist; born at Newcastle on Tyne in 1842.
He contributed largely to English reviews and
magazines, and published : Cabinet Portraits:
Sketches of Leading Statesmen of Both Par-
ties) (1872); (Charlotte Brontë: A Monograph
(1877); Politicians of To-Day) (1879); (The
Land of the Bey) (1882); (Gabrielle Stuart
(1883); (A Memoir of John Deakin Heaton
(1883); "Gladys Fane: A Story of Two Lives)
( 1883 ); Mauleverer's Millions) (1885); Life
of William Edward Forster) (1888).
Reid, Whitelaw. An American journalist;
born near Xenia, O. , Oct. 27, 1837. During the
Civil War he represented the Cincinnati Ga.
zette in the field; and his letters, under the sig.
nature of Agate, attracted much attention.
Shortly afterward he published (After the War!
(1866), and (Ohio in the War) (1868), the most
important of all the State histories of the Civil
War. He became an editorial writer on the
New York Tribune; and upon the death of
Horace Greeley he succeeded him as editor and
principal owner. Besides many contributions to
periodicals, he wrote: (Schools of Journalism)
(1871); “The Scholar in Politics) (1873); (Some
Newspaper Tendencies) (1879); and (Town
Hall Suggestion) (1881). He was candidate
for Vice-President of the United States in 1892.
Reinbold, Adelheid. See Berthold.
Reinick, Robert (rin'ick). A German poet;
born at Dantzig, Prussia, Feb. 22, 1805; died at
Dresden, Feb. 7, 1852. He studied painting un.
der Schadow and Begas, and these studies in.
Auenced all of his lyric productions, which rank
among the best in German literature. His
works include: (Song-Book for Artists) (1833);
(Song-Book of a Painter) (1837-44); 'Songs and
Fables for the Young' (1844); (Hebel's Alle.
manic Poems Translated into High German
(1851); (Collected Songs) (1852); and (Book
of Poetic Fables and Stories. His poetry is
remarkable for its childlike humor, simplicity,
and artistic perfection.
Rellstab, Ludwig (rāl'stäb). A German
mathematician and critic; born at Berlin in
## p. 455 (#471) ############################################
RÉMUSAT — RÉVILLON
455
1799; died there in 1860. He published romances,
dramas, and critical essays, among them being :
(Henrietta,t he Beautiful Singer); (Algiers and
Paris) (1830-46); (The Year 1812) (1834); and
an Autobiography) (1860).
Rémusat, Charles de (rā-mü-sä'). A French
philosopher and minister of State; born at
Paris in 1797 ; died June 6, 1875. He published:
“Essays on Philosophy) (1842), which was re-
ceived with favor ; ( Treatise on German Philos-
ophy) (1845); (Abelard' (1845); (Bacon, his
Life and Time) (1858); “Religious Philosophy)
(1864); and History of English Philosophy
from Bacon to Locke) (1875).
Rémusat, Claire Élisabeth Jeanne de. A
French essayist; born at Paris in 1780; died
in 1821. She was the mother of Charles de
Rémusat, and companion to the Empress Jose-
phine. She wrote an "Essay on the Education
of Women (1824). Her Memoirs) are very
celebrated. They form the substance of her
diary, destroyed by fire and rewritten by her
from memory. They are very unfriendly to
Napoleon.
Rémusat, Jean Pierre Abel. A French
Orientalist; born at Paris, September 1788; died
June 3, 1832. He devoted himself to the study
of Asiatic languages, especially Chinese, and
published: (Researches among the Tartar Lan-
guages) (1820 ); «Elements of the Chinese
Grammar) (1822); Asiatic Miscellanies) (1825);
and New Miscellanies) (1828); besides trans-
lations and essays.
Renan, Joseph Ernest (ré-non'). The re-
nowned French Semitic-Orientalist, philologist,
historian, and essayist; born at Tréguier, Brit-
tany, Feb. 27, 1823; died at Paris, Oct. 2, 1892.
His chief subjects of study were the Semitic
languages, and the antecedents and beginnings
of Christianity. His works include: (General
History of the Semitic Languages) (1856); the
translations (Job) (1859), « The Song of Songs
(1860), and (Ecclesiastes) (1881); «The Life of
Jesus) (1863); (The Apostles) (1866); (St. Paul)
(1867); Anti-Christ? (1873); (The Gospels)
(1877); “The Christian Church' (1879); (Mar-
cus Aurelius) (1881); «The History of the Peo-
ple of Israel (1887-89). Also the collected
essays (Studies in Religious History) (1857),
(Essays in Criticism and Ethics (1859), "Ques-
tions of the Day) (1868), Miscellanies of Hlis.
tory and Travel (1878), New Studies in Re-
ligious History) (1884), and (Discourses and
Conferences) (1884); the philosophical dramas
"Caliban,' The Water of Youth, (The Priest
of Nemi, Dialogue of the Dead,' (The Ab.
bess of Jouarre,' and 'New-Year's Day) (1886);
and the autobiographical works (Recollections
of Infancy and Youth) (1883) and (Stray
Leaves) (1892). *
Repplier, Agnes. An American essayist;
born in Philadelphia in 1855. Her published
works include : (Books and Men); (Points of
View); In the Dozy Hours); (Essays in Idle.
ness); “Essays in Miniature); and (Varia. '
Restif, Nicolas Edme (called Restif or Rétif
de la Bretonne) (rė-tēt'). A French novelist ;
born at Sacy near Auxerre, Nov. 22, 1734; died
at Paris, Feb. 3, 1806. He published in all more
than 200 volumes, full of wit and imagination,
but reflecting the licentious habits of their au-
thor and his circle. The most noteworthy are :
(The Foot of Fanchette ) (1769); (The Per-
verted Countryman' (1774); (The Life of my
Father) (1778), a monument of filial piety;
(The Pornograph (1796), a plan for regulating
prostitution; and the remarkable (Autobiogra-
phy of Monsieur Nicolas) (1794-97, 16 vols. ).
Reuchlin, Johann (roich'lin).
