This work is often
referred
to
are preserved concerning the religious and moral by Syncellus (Chron.
are preserved concerning the religious and moral by Syncellus (Chron.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
x.
16), and it
had not received him, it was a disputed question seems to have been this very reputation which
whether he was a citizen or not by the Jus Post induced later impostors to fabricate booke, and
liminië (see Dict. of Ant. s. v. Postliminium), but publish them under his name. The fables and
the better opinion was that he had lost his civic mystical fancies which thus became current as the
rights, and they were accordingly restored to him productions of the Egyptian sage, were the reason
by a lex. According to Aurelius Victor, he is sid why Manetho was looked upon even by some of
to have been subsequently elected praetor. (Ap- the ancients themselves as a half mythical person-
pinn, Hisp. 79—83 ; Liv. Epit. 55; Oros. v. 4 ; age, like Epimenides of Crete, of whose personal
Obsequ. 83 ; Val. Max. i. 6. $ 7; Vell. Pat. ii. 1 ; existence and history no one was able to form any
Flor. ii. 18 ; Eutrop. iv. 17; Plut. Tib. Gracch. 5 ; distinct notion. The consequence has been, that
Dion Cass. Fragm. 164, ed. Reimar ; Aurel. Vict. the fragments of his genuine work did not meet,
Vir. Illustr. 59; Cic. de Rep. iii. 18, de Off. ii. 30, down to the most recent times, with that degree
de Orat. i. 40, 56, ii. 32, pro Caec. 33, Topic. 8; of attention which they deserved, although the in-
Dig. 50. tit. 7. 8. 17. )
scriptions on the Egyptian monuments furnish the
4. A. Hostilius MaNCINUS, curule aedile (but most satisfactory confirmation of some portions of
in what year is uncertain), of whom a tale is told bis work that have come down to us.
by A. Gellius (iv. 14) from the “Conjectanea ” of further consequence of this mythical uncertainty
Ateius Capito.
by which his personal existence became surrounded,
MANCI'NUS, MANI'LIUS or MA'NLIUS, that some described him as a native of Diospolis
tribune of the plebs B. c. 108, proposed to the (Thebes), the great centre of priestly learning
people the bill by which the province of Numidia among the Egyptians, or as a high priest at He
and the conduct of the war against Jugurtha were liopolis. (Suid. s. v. Mavéows. ) There can be no
given to Marius, who had been elected consul for doubt that Manetho belonged to the class of priests,
the subsequent year. (Sall
. Jug. 73 ; Gell. vi. 11. ) but whether he was high-priest of Egypt is un-
MANDANE (Mavdávn), the daughter of As certain, since we read this statement only in some
tyages, and mother of Cyrus. (CYRUS. ). (Herod. MSS. of Suidas, and in one of the productions of
i. 107; Xenoph. Cyrop. i. 2, 3, 4. ) (P. S. ] the Pseudo-Manetho. Respecting his personal
MANDOʻNIUS. [INDIBILIS. ]
history scarcely anything is known, beyond the
MANDUBRATIUS, the son of Imanuentius, fact that he lived in the reign of the first Ptolemy,
king of the Trinobantes in Britain, had fled to with whom he caine in contact in consequence of
Caesar in Gaul, after his father had been killed by his wisdom and learning. Plutarch (de Is. et Osir.
Cassivelaunus. On Caesar's arrival in Britain, 28) informs us, that the king was led by a dream
Mandubratius obtained the supreme command in to order a colossal statue of a god to be fetched
his state. (Caes. B. G. v. 20. ) Orosius (vi. 9) from Sinope to Egypt. When the statue arrived,
calls him Androgorius.
Ptolemy requested his interpreter Timotheus and
MANEROS (Mavépws), a son of the first Manetho of Sebennytus to inquire which god was
Egyptian king, who died in his early youth, and represented in the statue. Their declaration that
after whom a species of dirge was called, which the god represented was Serapis, the Osiris of the
was analogous to the Greek Linos. (Herod. ii. lower world or Pluto, induced the king to build a
79; Athen. xiv. p. 620. )
[L. S. ] temple to him, and establish his worship.
MANES, i. e. " the good ones” [Mana], is the The circumstance to which Manetho owes his
general name by which the Romans designated the great reputation in antiquity as well as in modern
souls of the departed; but as it is a natural times is, that he was the first Egyptian who gave
tendency to consider the souls of departed friends in the Greek language an account of the doctrines,
as blessed spirits, the name of Lares is frequently wisdom, history, and chronology of his country,
used as synonymous with Manes, and hence also they and based his information upon the ancient works
are called dii Manes, and were worshipped with of the Egyptians themselves, and more especially
divine honours. (Cic. de Leg. ii. 9, 22; Apul de upon their sacred books. The object of his works
Deo Socrat. ; August. de Civ. Dei, viii. 26, ix. Il; was thus of a twofold nature, being at once theo-
Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iji. 63, 168 ; Ov. Fast. ii. 842 ; logical and historical. (Euseb. Praep. Ev. ii. init ;
Hor. Carm. ii. 8. 9. ) At certain seasons, which Theodoret. Serm. II. de Therap. vol. iv. p. 753, ed.
were looked upon as sacred days ( feriae denicales), Schw. )
sacrifices were offered to the spirits of the departed The work in which he explained the doctrines
with the observance of various ceremonies. But of the Egyptians concerning the gods, the laws of
an annual festival, which belonged to all the morality, the origin of the gods and the world,
Manes in general, was celebrated on the 19th of seems to have borne the title of Twv PuolKūr
February, under the name of Feralia or Parentalia, ÉTITOMT. (Diog. Laërt. Prooem. 88 10, 11. )
because it was more especially the duty of children Various statements, which were derived either
and heirs to offer sacrifices to the shades of their from this same or a similar work, are preserved in
parents and benefactors. (Ov. Fast. ii. 535; Ter-
tull, Resur. Carn. 1. )
(L. S. ) Manethoth, that is, Ma-n-thóth, or the one given
MANETHO (Maveda's * or Maveðár), an by Thoth, which would be expressed by the Greek
Hermodotus or Hermodorus. (Bunsen, Aegyptens
* His original Egyptian name was undoubtedly Stelle in der Weltyesch. vol. i. p. 91. )
a
3 x 2
## p. 916 (#932) ############################################
916
MANETHO.
MANIA.
Plutarch's treatise De Iside et Osiri (cc. 8, 9, 4. ), cannot have been written before the fifth century
62, 73; comp. Procl. ad Hesiod. Op. et D. 767), of our era. A good edition of it was published
and in some other writers, who confirm the state- some years ago by C. A. M. Axt and F. A. Rigler,
ments of Plutarch. (Iamblich. de Myster. viii. 3 ; Cologne, 1832, 8vo. Whether this poem was
Aelian, H. A. x. 16 ; Porphyr. de Abstin. p. 199. ) written with a view to deception, under the name
Suidas mentions a work on (yphi, or the sacred of Manetho, or whether it is actually the production
incense of the Egyptians, its preparation and mix of a person of that name, is uncertain.
ture, as taught in the sacred books of the Egyptians, But there is a work which is undoubtedly a for-
and the same work is referred to by Plutarch at gery, and was made with a view to harmonise the
the end of his above-mentioned treatise. In all chronology of the Jews and Christians with that
the passages in which statements from Manetho of the Egyptians.
This work is often referred to
are preserved concerning the religious and moral by Syncellus (Chron. pp. 27, 30), who says that the
doctrines of the Egyptians, he appears as a man of author lived in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus,
a sober and intelligent mind, and of profound and wrote a work on the Dog Star (vi Blenos tñs
knowledge of the religious affuirs of his own coun- Ewbeos), which he dedicated to the king, whom he
try ; and the presumption therefore must be, that called Eebaotós. (Syncell. Chron. p. 73. ) The
in his historical works, too, his honesty was not very introduction to this book, which Syncellus
inferior to his learning, and that he ought not to quotes, is so full of extraordinary things and ab-
be made responsible for the blunders of transcribers surdities, that it clearly betrays its late anthor,
and copyists, or the forgeries of later impostors. who, under the illustrious name of the Egyptian
The historical productions of Manetho, although historian, hoped to deceive the world.
lost, are far better known than his theological works. The work of the genuine Manetho was gradually
Josephus (Ant. Jud. i. 3. & 9) mentions the great superseded : first by epitomisers, by whom the ge-
work under the title of History of Egnpt, and nuine history and chronology were obscured; next by
quotes some passages verbatim from it, which show the hasty work of Eusebius, and the interpolations
that it was a pleasing narrative in good Greek be made, for the purpose of supporting his system ;
(c. A pon. i. 14, &c. ). The same author informs afterwards by the impostor who assumed the name
us that Manetho controverted and corrected many of Manetho of Sebennytus, and mixed truth with
of the statements of Herodotus. But whether this falsehood ; and lastly by a chronicle, in which the
was done in a separate work, as we are told by dynasties of Manetho were arbitrarily arranged
some writers, who speak of a treatise Tipos 'Hpós according to certain cycles. (Syncell. Chron. p.
dotov (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 857 ; Etym. Magn. 95. ) For a more minute account of the manner in
8. 0. AeOvtokópos), or whether this treatise was which the chronology of Manetho was gradually
merely an extract from the work of Manetho, corrupted see the excellent work of Bunsen above
made by later compilers or critics of Herodotus, is referred to, vol. i. p. 256, &c.
(L. S. ]
uncertain. The Egyptian history of Manetho was MANGANES, GEOʻRGIUS. (GEORGIUS,
divided into three parts or books; the first con- No. 14, p. 246. )
tained the history of the country previous to the MA'NIA, an ancient and formidable Italian,
thirty dynasties, or what may be termed the my- probably Etruscan, divinity of the lower world, is
thology of Egypt, as it gave the dynasties of the called the mother of the Manes or Lares. (Varro,
gods, concluding with those of mortal kings, of de Ling. Lat. ix. 61 ; Arnob. adv. Gent. iii. 41;
whom the first eleven dynasties formed the con- Macrob. Sat. i. 7. ) The festival of the Compitalia
clusion of the first book. The second opened with was celebrated as a propitiation to Mania in common
the twelfth and concluded with the nineteenth with the Lares, and, according to an ancient oracle
dynasty, and the third gave the history of the that heads should be offered on behalf of heads,
remaining eleven dynasties, and concluded with an boys are said to have been sacrificed on behalf of
account of Nectanebus, the last of the native Egyp- the families to which they belonged. The consul
tian kings. (Syncell. Chronog. p. 97, &c. ) These Junius Brutus afterwards abolished the human
dynasties are preserved in Julius Africanus and sacrifices, and substituted garlick and the heads of
Eusebius (most correct in the Armenian version), poppies for thein. Images of Mania were hung up
who, however, has introduced various interpolations. at the house doors, with a view to avert all dangers.
A thirty-first dynasty, which is added under the (Macrob. l. c. ) As regards her being the mother
name of Manetho, and carries the list of kings of the Manes or Lares, the idea seems to have
down to Dareius Codomannus, is undoubtedly a been, that the souls of the departed on their arrival
later fabrication. The duration of the first period in the lower world became her children, and either
described in the work of Manetho was calculated there dwelt with her or ascended into the upper
by him to be 24,900 years, and the thirty dy- world as beneficent spirits. (Müller, Die Etrusk.
nasties, beginning with Menes, filled a period of ii. 4. ) In later times the plural Maniae occurs as
3555 years. The lists of the Egyptian kings and the designation of terrible, ugly, and deformed
the duration of their several reigns were undoubt- spectres, with which nurses used to frighten
edly derived by him from genuine documents, and children. (Paul. Diac. p. 128 ; Festus, p. 129, ed.
their correctness, so far as they are not interpolated, Müller. )
(L. S. ]
is said to be confirmed by the inscribed monuments MA'NIA (Mavia). 1. A Phrygian, as the
which it has been the privilege of our time to de- name implies (Mach. ar. Athen. xiii. p. 578, b),
cipher. (Comp. Schöll, Gesch. der Griech. Lit. vol. was the wife of Zenis, a Greek of Dardanus, and
ii. p. 128, &c. ; Bunsen, Aegypt. Stelle in der Welt- satrap, under Pharnabazus, of the Midland Aeolis.
gesch. vol. i. pp. 88—125. )
After the death of Zenis, Mania prevailed on
There exists an astrological poem, entitled 'ATO- Pharnabazus to allow her to retain the satrapy
Teleomatiká, in six books, which bears the name which her husband had held. Invested with the
of Manetho ; but it is now generally acknowledged government, she strictly fulfilled her promise that
that this poem, which is mentioned also by Suidas, the tribute should be paid as regularly as before,
## p. 917 (#933) ############################################
MANILIUS.
917
MANILIUS.
and she not only kept in obedience the cities en- | upon his tribunate on the 10th of December, B. G
trusted to her, but also added to them by conquest 67, and on the last day of the year carried a law,
the maritime towns of Larissa, Hamaxitus, and granting to the freedmén the right of voting in all
Colonae, which she took with the Greek mercena- the tribes along with their patrons ; but as there
ries whom she maintained liberally in her service. seems to have been a violation of some consti-
She continued to conciliate the favour of Pharna- tutional forms in the comitia, the senate was able
bazus by frequent presents, as well as by splendid on the following day to declare the law invalid.
and agreeable entertainments, whenever he came (Dion Cass. xxxvi. 25; Ascon. in Cic. Corn. pp.
into her satrapy. The valuable assistance, too, 64, 65, ed. Orelli ; comp. Manlius, No. 5. ) Not
which she rendered him both by arms and coun- disheartened by this failure, Manilius shortly after-
sel, he fully appreciated ; and she seems to have wards brought forward a bill, granting to Pompey
been at the height of her prosperity, when she was the command of the war against Mithridates and
murdered by her son-in-law Meipias, shortly be- Tigranes, and the government of the provinces of
fore the arrival of Dercyllidas in Asia , in 8. c. 399. Asia, Cilicia, and Bithynia, in the place of Lucullus,
(Xen. Hell. iii. 1. $$ 10–14 ; Polynen. viii. 54. ) Marcius Rex, and Acilius Glabrio. This bill was
2. An Athenian hetacri, a great favourite of warmly opposed by Q. Catulus, Q. Hortensius, and
Demetrius Poliorcetcs. Mania was only her the leaders of the aristocratical party, but was
nickname. (Mach. an. Athen. xiii. pp. 578, passed notwithstanding by the people, who were
579. )
(E. E. ) worn out by the length of the war, and were very
MANIA'CES GEOʻRGIUS. [GEORGIUS, ready to bestow new honours upon their favourite
No. 15, p. 246. )
Pompey. Cicero, who was then praetor, spoke in
MA'NIAE (Mavlui), certain mysterious divini- favour of the law; and the oration which he de-
ties, who had a sanctuary in the neighbourhood of livered on the occasion has come down to us, and
Megalopolis, in Arcadia, and whom Pausanias is one of the best specimens of his declamatory
(viii
. 34. & 1) considered to be the same as the oratory. The reasons which induced Cicero to
Eumenides.
(L. S. ) support the bill and to praise Pompey in such
MANI’LIA GENS, plebeian. It is difficult extraordinary terms, are mentioned in the life of
often to distinguish persons of this name from the the former. [Vol. I. p. 711. ] (Cic. pro Lege
Manlii and Mallii, as we sometimes find the same Manilia ; Dion Cass. xxxvi. 25, 26 ; Vell. Pat. ii.
person called Manilius, Manlius, and Mallius, in 33 ; Liv. Epit. 100 ; Appian, B. Mithr. 97 ; Plut.
different authors, or in different manuscripts of the Pomp. 30, Lucull. 35. ) Manilius had incurred
same author. The first person of this gens who the bitter enmity of the aristocratical party; and,
obtained the consulship was M. MANILius, in therefore, immediately upon the expiration of his
B. C. 149 ; but the gens never became of importance tribunate he was brought to trial before Cicero,
in the state, and the smallness of its numbers is whose praetorship had still a few days to run.
shown by its never being divided into any families. Dion Cassius and Plutarch speak as if Cicero was
Under the republic its only cognomen is MANCINUS, at first unfavourably disposed towards the accused,
though even this, perhaps, belongs to the Manlii ; and was induced to support him and attack the
but in the time of the empire we find one or two senate by the evident displeasure which the people
There are no coins of this gens. felt at his conduct. But this can hardly be a true
MANI'LIUS. 1. Sex. MANILIUS, was elected account of the affair ; for Cicero would certainly
with M. Oppius, as the commander of the soldiers, have had every reason for supporting the partizan
in their secession to the Aventine during the of Pompey, whose favour and support he was so
second decemvirate, B. C. 449 (Liv. ii. 51). He anxious to gain in order to secure his election to
is called Manlius (Mários) by Dionysius (xi. 44). the consulship. So much, however, is certain :
2. P.
had not received him, it was a disputed question seems to have been this very reputation which
whether he was a citizen or not by the Jus Post induced later impostors to fabricate booke, and
liminië (see Dict. of Ant. s. v. Postliminium), but publish them under his name. The fables and
the better opinion was that he had lost his civic mystical fancies which thus became current as the
rights, and they were accordingly restored to him productions of the Egyptian sage, were the reason
by a lex. According to Aurelius Victor, he is sid why Manetho was looked upon even by some of
to have been subsequently elected praetor. (Ap- the ancients themselves as a half mythical person-
pinn, Hisp. 79—83 ; Liv. Epit. 55; Oros. v. 4 ; age, like Epimenides of Crete, of whose personal
Obsequ. 83 ; Val. Max. i. 6. $ 7; Vell. Pat. ii. 1 ; existence and history no one was able to form any
Flor. ii. 18 ; Eutrop. iv. 17; Plut. Tib. Gracch. 5 ; distinct notion. The consequence has been, that
Dion Cass. Fragm. 164, ed. Reimar ; Aurel. Vict. the fragments of his genuine work did not meet,
Vir. Illustr. 59; Cic. de Rep. iii. 18, de Off. ii. 30, down to the most recent times, with that degree
de Orat. i. 40, 56, ii. 32, pro Caec. 33, Topic. 8; of attention which they deserved, although the in-
Dig. 50. tit. 7. 8. 17. )
scriptions on the Egyptian monuments furnish the
4. A. Hostilius MaNCINUS, curule aedile (but most satisfactory confirmation of some portions of
in what year is uncertain), of whom a tale is told bis work that have come down to us.
by A. Gellius (iv. 14) from the “Conjectanea ” of further consequence of this mythical uncertainty
Ateius Capito.
by which his personal existence became surrounded,
MANCI'NUS, MANI'LIUS or MA'NLIUS, that some described him as a native of Diospolis
tribune of the plebs B. c. 108, proposed to the (Thebes), the great centre of priestly learning
people the bill by which the province of Numidia among the Egyptians, or as a high priest at He
and the conduct of the war against Jugurtha were liopolis. (Suid. s. v. Mavéows. ) There can be no
given to Marius, who had been elected consul for doubt that Manetho belonged to the class of priests,
the subsequent year. (Sall
. Jug. 73 ; Gell. vi. 11. ) but whether he was high-priest of Egypt is un-
MANDANE (Mavdávn), the daughter of As certain, since we read this statement only in some
tyages, and mother of Cyrus. (CYRUS. ). (Herod. MSS. of Suidas, and in one of the productions of
i. 107; Xenoph. Cyrop. i. 2, 3, 4. ) (P. S. ] the Pseudo-Manetho. Respecting his personal
MANDOʻNIUS. [INDIBILIS. ]
history scarcely anything is known, beyond the
MANDUBRATIUS, the son of Imanuentius, fact that he lived in the reign of the first Ptolemy,
king of the Trinobantes in Britain, had fled to with whom he caine in contact in consequence of
Caesar in Gaul, after his father had been killed by his wisdom and learning. Plutarch (de Is. et Osir.
Cassivelaunus. On Caesar's arrival in Britain, 28) informs us, that the king was led by a dream
Mandubratius obtained the supreme command in to order a colossal statue of a god to be fetched
his state. (Caes. B. G. v. 20. ) Orosius (vi. 9) from Sinope to Egypt. When the statue arrived,
calls him Androgorius.
Ptolemy requested his interpreter Timotheus and
MANEROS (Mavépws), a son of the first Manetho of Sebennytus to inquire which god was
Egyptian king, who died in his early youth, and represented in the statue. Their declaration that
after whom a species of dirge was called, which the god represented was Serapis, the Osiris of the
was analogous to the Greek Linos. (Herod. ii. lower world or Pluto, induced the king to build a
79; Athen. xiv. p. 620. )
[L. S. ] temple to him, and establish his worship.
MANES, i. e. " the good ones” [Mana], is the The circumstance to which Manetho owes his
general name by which the Romans designated the great reputation in antiquity as well as in modern
souls of the departed; but as it is a natural times is, that he was the first Egyptian who gave
tendency to consider the souls of departed friends in the Greek language an account of the doctrines,
as blessed spirits, the name of Lares is frequently wisdom, history, and chronology of his country,
used as synonymous with Manes, and hence also they and based his information upon the ancient works
are called dii Manes, and were worshipped with of the Egyptians themselves, and more especially
divine honours. (Cic. de Leg. ii. 9, 22; Apul de upon their sacred books. The object of his works
Deo Socrat. ; August. de Civ. Dei, viii. 26, ix. Il; was thus of a twofold nature, being at once theo-
Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iji. 63, 168 ; Ov. Fast. ii. 842 ; logical and historical. (Euseb. Praep. Ev. ii. init ;
Hor. Carm. ii. 8. 9. ) At certain seasons, which Theodoret. Serm. II. de Therap. vol. iv. p. 753, ed.
were looked upon as sacred days ( feriae denicales), Schw. )
sacrifices were offered to the spirits of the departed The work in which he explained the doctrines
with the observance of various ceremonies. But of the Egyptians concerning the gods, the laws of
an annual festival, which belonged to all the morality, the origin of the gods and the world,
Manes in general, was celebrated on the 19th of seems to have borne the title of Twv PuolKūr
February, under the name of Feralia or Parentalia, ÉTITOMT. (Diog. Laërt. Prooem. 88 10, 11. )
because it was more especially the duty of children Various statements, which were derived either
and heirs to offer sacrifices to the shades of their from this same or a similar work, are preserved in
parents and benefactors. (Ov. Fast. ii. 535; Ter-
tull, Resur. Carn. 1. )
(L. S. ) Manethoth, that is, Ma-n-thóth, or the one given
MANETHO (Maveda's * or Maveðár), an by Thoth, which would be expressed by the Greek
Hermodotus or Hermodorus. (Bunsen, Aegyptens
* His original Egyptian name was undoubtedly Stelle in der Weltyesch. vol. i. p. 91. )
a
3 x 2
## p. 916 (#932) ############################################
916
MANETHO.
MANIA.
Plutarch's treatise De Iside et Osiri (cc. 8, 9, 4. ), cannot have been written before the fifth century
62, 73; comp. Procl. ad Hesiod. Op. et D. 767), of our era. A good edition of it was published
and in some other writers, who confirm the state- some years ago by C. A. M. Axt and F. A. Rigler,
ments of Plutarch. (Iamblich. de Myster. viii. 3 ; Cologne, 1832, 8vo. Whether this poem was
Aelian, H. A. x. 16 ; Porphyr. de Abstin. p. 199. ) written with a view to deception, under the name
Suidas mentions a work on (yphi, or the sacred of Manetho, or whether it is actually the production
incense of the Egyptians, its preparation and mix of a person of that name, is uncertain.
ture, as taught in the sacred books of the Egyptians, But there is a work which is undoubtedly a for-
and the same work is referred to by Plutarch at gery, and was made with a view to harmonise the
the end of his above-mentioned treatise. In all chronology of the Jews and Christians with that
the passages in which statements from Manetho of the Egyptians.
This work is often referred to
are preserved concerning the religious and moral by Syncellus (Chron. pp. 27, 30), who says that the
doctrines of the Egyptians, he appears as a man of author lived in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus,
a sober and intelligent mind, and of profound and wrote a work on the Dog Star (vi Blenos tñs
knowledge of the religious affuirs of his own coun- Ewbeos), which he dedicated to the king, whom he
try ; and the presumption therefore must be, that called Eebaotós. (Syncell. Chron. p. 73. ) The
in his historical works, too, his honesty was not very introduction to this book, which Syncellus
inferior to his learning, and that he ought not to quotes, is so full of extraordinary things and ab-
be made responsible for the blunders of transcribers surdities, that it clearly betrays its late anthor,
and copyists, or the forgeries of later impostors. who, under the illustrious name of the Egyptian
The historical productions of Manetho, although historian, hoped to deceive the world.
lost, are far better known than his theological works. The work of the genuine Manetho was gradually
Josephus (Ant. Jud. i. 3. & 9) mentions the great superseded : first by epitomisers, by whom the ge-
work under the title of History of Egnpt, and nuine history and chronology were obscured; next by
quotes some passages verbatim from it, which show the hasty work of Eusebius, and the interpolations
that it was a pleasing narrative in good Greek be made, for the purpose of supporting his system ;
(c. A pon. i. 14, &c. ). The same author informs afterwards by the impostor who assumed the name
us that Manetho controverted and corrected many of Manetho of Sebennytus, and mixed truth with
of the statements of Herodotus. But whether this falsehood ; and lastly by a chronicle, in which the
was done in a separate work, as we are told by dynasties of Manetho were arbitrarily arranged
some writers, who speak of a treatise Tipos 'Hpós according to certain cycles. (Syncell. Chron. p.
dotov (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 857 ; Etym. Magn. 95. ) For a more minute account of the manner in
8. 0. AeOvtokópos), or whether this treatise was which the chronology of Manetho was gradually
merely an extract from the work of Manetho, corrupted see the excellent work of Bunsen above
made by later compilers or critics of Herodotus, is referred to, vol. i. p. 256, &c.
(L. S. ]
uncertain. The Egyptian history of Manetho was MANGANES, GEOʻRGIUS. (GEORGIUS,
divided into three parts or books; the first con- No. 14, p. 246. )
tained the history of the country previous to the MA'NIA, an ancient and formidable Italian,
thirty dynasties, or what may be termed the my- probably Etruscan, divinity of the lower world, is
thology of Egypt, as it gave the dynasties of the called the mother of the Manes or Lares. (Varro,
gods, concluding with those of mortal kings, of de Ling. Lat. ix. 61 ; Arnob. adv. Gent. iii. 41;
whom the first eleven dynasties formed the con- Macrob. Sat. i. 7. ) The festival of the Compitalia
clusion of the first book. The second opened with was celebrated as a propitiation to Mania in common
the twelfth and concluded with the nineteenth with the Lares, and, according to an ancient oracle
dynasty, and the third gave the history of the that heads should be offered on behalf of heads,
remaining eleven dynasties, and concluded with an boys are said to have been sacrificed on behalf of
account of Nectanebus, the last of the native Egyp- the families to which they belonged. The consul
tian kings. (Syncell. Chronog. p. 97, &c. ) These Junius Brutus afterwards abolished the human
dynasties are preserved in Julius Africanus and sacrifices, and substituted garlick and the heads of
Eusebius (most correct in the Armenian version), poppies for thein. Images of Mania were hung up
who, however, has introduced various interpolations. at the house doors, with a view to avert all dangers.
A thirty-first dynasty, which is added under the (Macrob. l. c. ) As regards her being the mother
name of Manetho, and carries the list of kings of the Manes or Lares, the idea seems to have
down to Dareius Codomannus, is undoubtedly a been, that the souls of the departed on their arrival
later fabrication. The duration of the first period in the lower world became her children, and either
described in the work of Manetho was calculated there dwelt with her or ascended into the upper
by him to be 24,900 years, and the thirty dy- world as beneficent spirits. (Müller, Die Etrusk.
nasties, beginning with Menes, filled a period of ii. 4. ) In later times the plural Maniae occurs as
3555 years. The lists of the Egyptian kings and the designation of terrible, ugly, and deformed
the duration of their several reigns were undoubt- spectres, with which nurses used to frighten
edly derived by him from genuine documents, and children. (Paul. Diac. p. 128 ; Festus, p. 129, ed.
their correctness, so far as they are not interpolated, Müller. )
(L. S. ]
is said to be confirmed by the inscribed monuments MA'NIA (Mavia). 1. A Phrygian, as the
which it has been the privilege of our time to de- name implies (Mach. ar. Athen. xiii. p. 578, b),
cipher. (Comp. Schöll, Gesch. der Griech. Lit. vol. was the wife of Zenis, a Greek of Dardanus, and
ii. p. 128, &c. ; Bunsen, Aegypt. Stelle in der Welt- satrap, under Pharnabazus, of the Midland Aeolis.
gesch. vol. i. pp. 88—125. )
After the death of Zenis, Mania prevailed on
There exists an astrological poem, entitled 'ATO- Pharnabazus to allow her to retain the satrapy
Teleomatiká, in six books, which bears the name which her husband had held. Invested with the
of Manetho ; but it is now generally acknowledged government, she strictly fulfilled her promise that
that this poem, which is mentioned also by Suidas, the tribute should be paid as regularly as before,
## p. 917 (#933) ############################################
MANILIUS.
917
MANILIUS.
and she not only kept in obedience the cities en- | upon his tribunate on the 10th of December, B. G
trusted to her, but also added to them by conquest 67, and on the last day of the year carried a law,
the maritime towns of Larissa, Hamaxitus, and granting to the freedmén the right of voting in all
Colonae, which she took with the Greek mercena- the tribes along with their patrons ; but as there
ries whom she maintained liberally in her service. seems to have been a violation of some consti-
She continued to conciliate the favour of Pharna- tutional forms in the comitia, the senate was able
bazus by frequent presents, as well as by splendid on the following day to declare the law invalid.
and agreeable entertainments, whenever he came (Dion Cass. xxxvi. 25; Ascon. in Cic. Corn. pp.
into her satrapy. The valuable assistance, too, 64, 65, ed. Orelli ; comp. Manlius, No. 5. ) Not
which she rendered him both by arms and coun- disheartened by this failure, Manilius shortly after-
sel, he fully appreciated ; and she seems to have wards brought forward a bill, granting to Pompey
been at the height of her prosperity, when she was the command of the war against Mithridates and
murdered by her son-in-law Meipias, shortly be- Tigranes, and the government of the provinces of
fore the arrival of Dercyllidas in Asia , in 8. c. 399. Asia, Cilicia, and Bithynia, in the place of Lucullus,
(Xen. Hell. iii. 1. $$ 10–14 ; Polynen. viii. 54. ) Marcius Rex, and Acilius Glabrio. This bill was
2. An Athenian hetacri, a great favourite of warmly opposed by Q. Catulus, Q. Hortensius, and
Demetrius Poliorcetcs. Mania was only her the leaders of the aristocratical party, but was
nickname. (Mach. an. Athen. xiii. pp. 578, passed notwithstanding by the people, who were
579. )
(E. E. ) worn out by the length of the war, and were very
MANIA'CES GEOʻRGIUS. [GEORGIUS, ready to bestow new honours upon their favourite
No. 15, p. 246. )
Pompey. Cicero, who was then praetor, spoke in
MA'NIAE (Mavlui), certain mysterious divini- favour of the law; and the oration which he de-
ties, who had a sanctuary in the neighbourhood of livered on the occasion has come down to us, and
Megalopolis, in Arcadia, and whom Pausanias is one of the best specimens of his declamatory
(viii
. 34. & 1) considered to be the same as the oratory. The reasons which induced Cicero to
Eumenides.
(L. S. ) support the bill and to praise Pompey in such
MANI’LIA GENS, plebeian. It is difficult extraordinary terms, are mentioned in the life of
often to distinguish persons of this name from the the former. [Vol. I. p. 711. ] (Cic. pro Lege
Manlii and Mallii, as we sometimes find the same Manilia ; Dion Cass. xxxvi. 25, 26 ; Vell. Pat. ii.
person called Manilius, Manlius, and Mallius, in 33 ; Liv. Epit. 100 ; Appian, B. Mithr. 97 ; Plut.
different authors, or in different manuscripts of the Pomp. 30, Lucull. 35. ) Manilius had incurred
same author. The first person of this gens who the bitter enmity of the aristocratical party; and,
obtained the consulship was M. MANILius, in therefore, immediately upon the expiration of his
B. C. 149 ; but the gens never became of importance tribunate he was brought to trial before Cicero,
in the state, and the smallness of its numbers is whose praetorship had still a few days to run.
shown by its never being divided into any families. Dion Cassius and Plutarch speak as if Cicero was
Under the republic its only cognomen is MANCINUS, at first unfavourably disposed towards the accused,
though even this, perhaps, belongs to the Manlii ; and was induced to support him and attack the
but in the time of the empire we find one or two senate by the evident displeasure which the people
There are no coins of this gens. felt at his conduct. But this can hardly be a true
MANI'LIUS. 1. Sex. MANILIUS, was elected account of the affair ; for Cicero would certainly
with M. Oppius, as the commander of the soldiers, have had every reason for supporting the partizan
in their secession to the Aventine during the of Pompey, whose favour and support he was so
second decemvirate, B. C. 449 (Liv. ii. 51). He anxious to gain in order to secure his election to
is called Manlius (Mários) by Dionysius (xi. 44). the consulship. So much, however, is certain :
2. P.
