enemies, and they
delivered
up Alcander to him to
vol.
vol.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Oxf.
1835.
tion in Greece seems to have been limited by the (Bode, Geschichte der Lyrischen Dichlkunst der
strangeness of the Aeolic dialect, and perhaps their Hellcuen, ii. p. 378, á c. )
[P. S. )
loss to us may be partly attributed to the same cause. ALCAEUS (Alkaios), the son of Miccus, was
Two recensions of the works of Alcacus were made a native of MYTILENE, according to Suidas, who
by the grammarians Aristarchus and Aristophanes. may, however, have confounded him in this point
Some fragments of his poems which remain, and with the lyric poet. He is found exhibiting at
the excellent imitations of Horace, enable us to Athens as a poct of the old comedy, or rather of
understand something of their character.
that mixed comedy, which forined the transition
His poems, which consisted of at least ten books between the old and the middle. In B. C. 380, he
(Athen. xi. p. 481), were called in general Odes, brought forward a play entitled Tao. oán, in the
Hymns, or Songs (šouata). Those which have same contest in which Aristophanes exhibited his
received the highest praise are his warlike or pa second Plutus, but, if the meaning of Suidas is
triotic odes referring to the factions of his state rightly understood, he obtained only the fifth
OTAO IWTIKS or DixooTADIQOTind, the “ Alcari mi- place. He left ten plays, of which some frage
naces Camoenae" of Horace. (Carm. ii. 13. 27 ; ments remain, and the following titles are known,
Quintil. x. 1. S 63 ; Dionys. de Vet. Script. Ecus. ii. 'Αδελφαί μοιχευομέναι, Γανυμήδης, Ενδυμίων, Ιερός
8, p. 73, Sylb. ) Among the fragments of these γάμος, Καλλιστώ, Κωμωδοτραγωδία, Παλαίστρα
are the commencement of a song of exultation over Alcaeus, a tragic poet, mentioned by Fabricius
the death of Myrsilus (Fr. 4, Blonf. ), and part of (Biblioth. Graec. ii. p. 282), does not appear to be
a comparison of his ruined party to a disabled ship a different person from Alcaeus the comedian.
(Fr. 2, Blomf. ), both of which are finely imitated The mistake of calling him a tragic pret arose
by Horace. (Carm. i. 37, i. 14. ) Many fragmenis simply from an erroneous reading of the title of his
are preserved, especially by Athenaeus (x. pp. 429, Comoedo-tragoedia. "
430), in which the poet sings the praises of wine. (The Greek Argument to the Plutus; Suidas,
(Fr. 1, 3, 16, 18, 20, Blomf. ; comp. Hor. Carm. i 9. s. v. ; Pollux, x. 1; Casaubon on Athen. iii. p.
18. ) Müller remarks, that "it may be doubted 206 ; Meineke, Fragm. Comic. Graec. i. p. 244,
whether Alcaeus composed a separate class of ii. p. 824; Bode, Geschichte der Drumatischen
drinking songs (ovutotid);. . . it is more proba- Dichtkunst der Hillenen, ii. p. 386. )
[P. S. )
ble that he connected every exhortation to drink ALCAMENES ('Al Kauévms), king of Sparta,
with some reflection, either upon the particular 10th of the Agids, son of Teleclus, commanded, ac-
circumstances of the time, or upon man's desting cording to Pausanias, in the night-expedition
in general. ” Of his erotic poems we have but few against Ampheia, which commenced the first Mes-
remains. Among them were some addressed to senian war, but died before its 4th year. This
Sappho; one of which, with Sappho’s reply, is would fix the 38 years assigned him by Apollodorus,
preserved by Aristotle (Rhet. i. 9; Fr. 38, Biomf. ; about 779 to 742 B. C. In his reign Helos was
Sappho, fr. 30), and others to beautiful youths. taken, a place near the mouth of the Eurotas,
(Hor. Carm. i. 32. 10; Cic. de Nai. Deor. i. 28, the last independent hold most likely of the old
Tusc. Quaest. iv. 33. ) Most of his remaining poems Achaean population, and the supposed origin of the
are religious hymns and epigrams. Many of his term Helot. (Paus. iii. 2. $ 7, iv. 4. § 3, 5. & 3;
poems are addressed to his friends individually. Herod. vi. 204 ; Plut. Apopieti. Lac. ) (A. H. C. )
The poetry of Alcaeus is always impassioned. ALCA'MENES ('Alkauévtis), the son of Sthe
Not only with him, but with the Aeolic school in nelaides, whom Agis appointed as barmost of the
general, poetry was not a mere art, but the plain Lesbians, when they wished to revolt from the
and warm outpouring of the writer's inmost feelings. Athenians in 1. C. 412. When Alcamenes put to
The metres of Alcaeus were generally lively, sea with twenty-one ships to sail to Chios, he was
and his poems seem to have been constructed in pursued by the Athenian feet off the Isthmus of
short single strophes, in all of which the corres- Corinth, and driven on shore. The Athenians at-
ponding lines were of the same metre, as in the tacked the ships when on shore, and Alcamenes
odes of Horace. He is said to have invented the was killed in the engagement. (Thuc. viii. 5, 10. )
well-known Alcaic strophe.
ALCAMENES ('Alkauévns), a distinguished
His likeness is preserved, together with that of statuary and sculptor, a native of Athens. (Plin.
Pittacus, on a brass coin of Mytilene in the Royal | H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ) Suidas (s. 2. ) calls him a
Museum at Paris, which is engraved by Visconti. Lemnian (if by Alcamenes he ineans the artist).
(Icon. Pl. ir. No. 3. )
This K. 0. Müller (Arch. der Kunst. p. 96) inter-
The fragments of Alcaeus were first collected prets to mean that he was a cleruchus, or holder of
by Mich. Neander in his “Aristologia Pindarica," one of the kiñpo: Leninos. Voss, who is fol-
Basil. 1556, 8vo. , then by Henry Stephens in his lowed by Thiersch (Epochen der bild. K'unst, p.
collection of the fragments of the nine chief lyric | 130), conjectured that the true reading is nipinos,
1
## p. 97 (#117) #############################################
ALCAMENES.
97
ALCATHOUS.
and accordingly that Alcamenes was born in the of carving as an amateur. (Winckelmann, vii. 4,
district called the Aluval, which is in some degree 5. ).
(C. P. M. )
confirmed by his having made a statue of Dionysus ALCANDER ("Arnavopos). There are three
in gold and ivory to adorn a temple of that god in mythical personages of this name, who are men-
the Lenaeum, a part of the Limnae. (Paus. i. 20. tioned respectively in Hom. II. v. 678 ; Virg. Aen.
§ 2. ) He was the most famous of the pupils of ix. 766 ; Antonin. Lib. 14. A female Alcandra
Phidias, but was not so close an imitator of his occurs in the Od. iv. 125.
(L. S. )
master as Agoracritus. Like his fellow-pupil, he ALCANDER ("Annavopos), a young Spartan,
exercised his talent chiefly in making statues of who attacked Lycurgus and thrust out one of his
the deities. By ancient writers he is ranked eyes, when his fellow-citizens were discontented
amongst the most distinguished artists, and is con- with the laws he proposed. His mangled face,
sidered by Pausanias second only to Phidias. however, produced shame and repentance in his
(Quintil. xii. 10. § 8; Dionys. De Demosth. acum.
enemies, and they delivered up Alcander to him to
vol. vi. p. 1108, ed. Reiske; Paus. v. 10. $ 2. ) be punished as he thought fit. But Lycurgus par-
He flourished from about OL. 84 (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. doned his outrage, and thus converted him into
8. s. 19) to Ol. 95 (B. C. 444-400). Pliny's date is one of his warmest friends. (Plut. Lyc. ! l; Aclian,
confirmed by Pausanias, who says (viii. 9. § 1), that V. H. xiii. 23; Val. Max. v. 3. $ ext. 2. )
Praxiteles #ourished in the third generation after ALCA'THOE or ALCI'THOE ('Alcalón or
Alcamenes ; and Praxiteles, as Pliny tells us, flour-'Almidón), a daughter of Minyas, and sister of
ished about Ol. 104 (B. C. 364). The last works Leucippe and Arsippe. Instead of Arsippe, Ae-
of his which we bear of, were the colossal statues lian (V. H. iii. 42) calls the latter Aristipps, and
of Athene and Hercules, which Thrasybulus erected Plutarch (Quaest. Gr. 38) Arsinoë. At the time
in the temple of Hercules at Thebes after the ex- when the worship of Dionysus was introduced into
pulsion of the tyrants from Athens. (B. C. 403. ) Boeotia, and while the other women and maidens
The most beautiful and renowned of the works of were revelling and ranging over the mountains in
Alcamenes was a statue of Venus, called from the Bacchic joy, these two sisters alone remained at
place where it was set up, 'H év in Tous 'Appo home, devoting themselves to their usual occupa-
Bitn. (Lucian, Imagines, 4, 6; Paus i. 19. & 2. ) tions, and thus profaning the days sacred to the
It is said that Phidias himself put the finishing god. Dionysns punished them by changing them
touches to this work. (Plin. H. N. XXXvi. 6. B. 4. ) into bats, and their work into rines. (Or. Met.
The breasts, cheeks, and hands were especially iv. 1—40, 390—415. ) Plutarch, Aelian, and
admired. It has been supposed by some that this Antoninus Liberalis, thougb with some differences
was the Venus for which he gained the prize over in the detail, reiate that Dionysus appeared to the
Agoracritus. There is no direct evidence of this, sisters in the form of a maiden, and invited them
and it is scarcely consistent with what Pliny says, to partake in the Dionysiac mysteries. When
that Alcamenes owed his success more to the fa. this request was not complied with, the god meta-
vouritism of his fellow-citizens than to the excel- morphosed himself successively into a bull, a lion,
lence of his statue. Another celebrated specimen and a panther, and the sisters were seized with
of his genius was the western pediment of the madness. In this state they were eager to honour
temple at Olympia, ornamented with a representa- the god, and Leucippe, who was chosen by lot
tion of the batile between the Centaurs and the to offer a sacrifice to Dionysus, gave up her own
Lapithae. (Paus. v. 10. § 2. ) Other works of his son Hippasus to be torn to pieces. In extreme
were: a statue of Mars in the temple of that god Bacchic frenzy the sisters now roamed over the
at Athens (Paus. i. 8. & 5); a statue of Hephae mountains, until at last Hermes changed them into
stus, in which the lameness of the god was so in- birds. Plutarch adds that down to his time the
geniously represented as not to give the appearance men of Orchomenos descended from that family
of deformity (Cic. De Nat. Deor. i. 30; Val. Max. were called Yoaders, that is, mourners, and the wo-
viii. 11. ext. 3); an Aesculapius at Mantineia men dacia, or alonciat, that is, the destroyers. In
(Paus. viii. 9. § 1); a three-formed Hecate (the what manner the neglect of the Dionysiac worship
first of the kind), and a Procne in the Acropolis at on the part of Alcathoë and her sister was atoned
Athens (Paus. ii. 30. § 2, i. 24. & 3); and a bronze for every year at the festival of the Agrionia, see
statue of a victor in the Pentathlon. (Plin. xxxiv. Dict. of Ant. s. v. 'Aypávia ; comp. Buttmann,
8. &. 19. ) A story of very doubtful credibility is Mytholog. ii. p. 201, &c.
(L. S. )
told by Tzetzes (Chil
. viji. 193), that Alcamenes ALCA'THOUS ('Aladdoos). 1. A son of
and Phidias contended in making a statue of Pelops and Hippodameia, brother of Atreus and
Athene, and that before the statues were erected Thyestes, first married Pyrgo and afterwards
in their destined elevated position, that of Alca- Euaechme, and was the father of Echepolis, Cal-
menes was the most admired on account of its de lipolis, Iphinoë, Periboea, and Autoniedusa. (Paus.
licate finish; but that, when set up, the effect of i. 42. & 1, 4, 43. & 4; Apollod. ii. 4. § 11, iji. 12.
the more strongly defined features in that of Phi- $ 7. ) Pausanias (i. 41. § 4) relates that, after
dias caused the Athenians to change their opinion. Euippus, the son of king Megareus, was destroyed
On a Roman anaglyph in the villa Albani there by the Cythaeronian lion, Megareus, whose elder
is the following inscription :
son Timalcus had likewise fallen by the hands of
Q. LOLLIUS ALCAMENES
Theseus, offered his daughter Euaechme and his
DEC. ET DUUMVIR.
kingdom to him who should slay that lion. Al.
If this contains the name of the artist, he would cathous undertook the task, conquered the lion,
seem to have been a descendant of an Alcamenes, and thus obtained Euaechme for his wife, and
who had been the slave and afterwards the freed- afterwards became the successor of Megareus. In
man of one of the Lollian family, and to have at gratitude for this success, he built at Megara a
tained to the dignity of decurio and duumvir in temple of Artemis Agrotera and Apollo Agmeus.
some municipium. He perbaps exercised the art He also restored the walls of Megara, which hand
a
Н
## p. 98 (#118) #############################################
98
ALCIBIADES.
ALCETAS.
1
been destroyed hy the Cretans. (l'ans. i. t). $ 5. ) uata) in Delphi, of which Athenaeus quotes the
In this work he was said to have been assisted by second book. (xiii. p. 591, a. )
Apollo, and the stone, upon which the god used to A'LCETAS I. ('Aakétas), king of Epirus, was
place his lyre while he was at work, was even in the son of Tharypus. For some reason or other,
late times believed, when struck, to give forth a which we are not inforined of, he was expelled
sound similar to that of a lyrc. (Paus. i. 42. $ 1; from his kingdom, and took refuge with the elder
Ov. Mct. vij. 15, &c. ; Virg. Cir. 105; Theogn. Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, by whom he was
751. ) Echepolis, one of the sons of Alcathous, reinstated. After his restoration we find him the
was killed during the Calydonian hunt in Actolia, ally of the Athenians, and of Jason, the Taguis of
and when his brother Callipolis hastened to carry Thessaly. In B. c. 373, he appeared at Athens
the sad tidings to his father, he found him en- with Jason, for the purpose of defending Timo
giged in offering a sacrifice to Apollo, and think theus, who, through their influence, was acquitted.
ing it unfit to offer sacrifices at such a moment, On his death the kingdom, which till then had
he snatched away the wood from the alır. Alca- been governed by one king, was divided between
thous imagining this to be an act of sacrilegious his two sons, Neoptolemus and Arybbas or Arym-
wantonness, killed his son on the spot with a bas. Diodorus (xix. 88) calls him Arybilus.
piece of wood. (Paus. i. 42. $ 7. ) The acropolis (Paus. i. 11. $ 3; Dem. Timoth. pp. 1187, 1190 ;
of Megara was called by a name derived from that Diod. xv. 13. 36. )
(C. P. M. ]
of Alcathous. (i. 42.
tion in Greece seems to have been limited by the (Bode, Geschichte der Lyrischen Dichlkunst der
strangeness of the Aeolic dialect, and perhaps their Hellcuen, ii. p. 378, á c. )
[P. S. )
loss to us may be partly attributed to the same cause. ALCAEUS (Alkaios), the son of Miccus, was
Two recensions of the works of Alcacus were made a native of MYTILENE, according to Suidas, who
by the grammarians Aristarchus and Aristophanes. may, however, have confounded him in this point
Some fragments of his poems which remain, and with the lyric poet. He is found exhibiting at
the excellent imitations of Horace, enable us to Athens as a poct of the old comedy, or rather of
understand something of their character.
that mixed comedy, which forined the transition
His poems, which consisted of at least ten books between the old and the middle. In B. C. 380, he
(Athen. xi. p. 481), were called in general Odes, brought forward a play entitled Tao. oán, in the
Hymns, or Songs (šouata). Those which have same contest in which Aristophanes exhibited his
received the highest praise are his warlike or pa second Plutus, but, if the meaning of Suidas is
triotic odes referring to the factions of his state rightly understood, he obtained only the fifth
OTAO IWTIKS or DixooTADIQOTind, the “ Alcari mi- place. He left ten plays, of which some frage
naces Camoenae" of Horace. (Carm. ii. 13. 27 ; ments remain, and the following titles are known,
Quintil. x. 1. S 63 ; Dionys. de Vet. Script. Ecus. ii. 'Αδελφαί μοιχευομέναι, Γανυμήδης, Ενδυμίων, Ιερός
8, p. 73, Sylb. ) Among the fragments of these γάμος, Καλλιστώ, Κωμωδοτραγωδία, Παλαίστρα
are the commencement of a song of exultation over Alcaeus, a tragic poet, mentioned by Fabricius
the death of Myrsilus (Fr. 4, Blonf. ), and part of (Biblioth. Graec. ii. p. 282), does not appear to be
a comparison of his ruined party to a disabled ship a different person from Alcaeus the comedian.
(Fr. 2, Blomf. ), both of which are finely imitated The mistake of calling him a tragic pret arose
by Horace. (Carm. i. 37, i. 14. ) Many fragmenis simply from an erroneous reading of the title of his
are preserved, especially by Athenaeus (x. pp. 429, Comoedo-tragoedia. "
430), in which the poet sings the praises of wine. (The Greek Argument to the Plutus; Suidas,
(Fr. 1, 3, 16, 18, 20, Blomf. ; comp. Hor. Carm. i 9. s. v. ; Pollux, x. 1; Casaubon on Athen. iii. p.
18. ) Müller remarks, that "it may be doubted 206 ; Meineke, Fragm. Comic. Graec. i. p. 244,
whether Alcaeus composed a separate class of ii. p. 824; Bode, Geschichte der Drumatischen
drinking songs (ovutotid);. . . it is more proba- Dichtkunst der Hillenen, ii. p. 386. )
[P. S. )
ble that he connected every exhortation to drink ALCAMENES ('Al Kauévms), king of Sparta,
with some reflection, either upon the particular 10th of the Agids, son of Teleclus, commanded, ac-
circumstances of the time, or upon man's desting cording to Pausanias, in the night-expedition
in general. ” Of his erotic poems we have but few against Ampheia, which commenced the first Mes-
remains. Among them were some addressed to senian war, but died before its 4th year. This
Sappho; one of which, with Sappho’s reply, is would fix the 38 years assigned him by Apollodorus,
preserved by Aristotle (Rhet. i. 9; Fr. 38, Biomf. ; about 779 to 742 B. C. In his reign Helos was
Sappho, fr. 30), and others to beautiful youths. taken, a place near the mouth of the Eurotas,
(Hor. Carm. i. 32. 10; Cic. de Nai. Deor. i. 28, the last independent hold most likely of the old
Tusc. Quaest. iv. 33. ) Most of his remaining poems Achaean population, and the supposed origin of the
are religious hymns and epigrams. Many of his term Helot. (Paus. iii. 2. $ 7, iv. 4. § 3, 5. & 3;
poems are addressed to his friends individually. Herod. vi. 204 ; Plut. Apopieti. Lac. ) (A. H. C. )
The poetry of Alcaeus is always impassioned. ALCA'MENES ('Alkauévtis), the son of Sthe
Not only with him, but with the Aeolic school in nelaides, whom Agis appointed as barmost of the
general, poetry was not a mere art, but the plain Lesbians, when they wished to revolt from the
and warm outpouring of the writer's inmost feelings. Athenians in 1. C. 412. When Alcamenes put to
The metres of Alcaeus were generally lively, sea with twenty-one ships to sail to Chios, he was
and his poems seem to have been constructed in pursued by the Athenian feet off the Isthmus of
short single strophes, in all of which the corres- Corinth, and driven on shore. The Athenians at-
ponding lines were of the same metre, as in the tacked the ships when on shore, and Alcamenes
odes of Horace. He is said to have invented the was killed in the engagement. (Thuc. viii. 5, 10. )
well-known Alcaic strophe.
ALCAMENES ('Alkauévns), a distinguished
His likeness is preserved, together with that of statuary and sculptor, a native of Athens. (Plin.
Pittacus, on a brass coin of Mytilene in the Royal | H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ) Suidas (s. 2. ) calls him a
Museum at Paris, which is engraved by Visconti. Lemnian (if by Alcamenes he ineans the artist).
(Icon. Pl. ir. No. 3. )
This K. 0. Müller (Arch. der Kunst. p. 96) inter-
The fragments of Alcaeus were first collected prets to mean that he was a cleruchus, or holder of
by Mich. Neander in his “Aristologia Pindarica," one of the kiñpo: Leninos. Voss, who is fol-
Basil. 1556, 8vo. , then by Henry Stephens in his lowed by Thiersch (Epochen der bild. K'unst, p.
collection of the fragments of the nine chief lyric | 130), conjectured that the true reading is nipinos,
1
## p. 97 (#117) #############################################
ALCAMENES.
97
ALCATHOUS.
and accordingly that Alcamenes was born in the of carving as an amateur. (Winckelmann, vii. 4,
district called the Aluval, which is in some degree 5. ).
(C. P. M. )
confirmed by his having made a statue of Dionysus ALCANDER ("Arnavopos). There are three
in gold and ivory to adorn a temple of that god in mythical personages of this name, who are men-
the Lenaeum, a part of the Limnae. (Paus. i. 20. tioned respectively in Hom. II. v. 678 ; Virg. Aen.
§ 2. ) He was the most famous of the pupils of ix. 766 ; Antonin. Lib. 14. A female Alcandra
Phidias, but was not so close an imitator of his occurs in the Od. iv. 125.
(L. S. )
master as Agoracritus. Like his fellow-pupil, he ALCANDER ("Annavopos), a young Spartan,
exercised his talent chiefly in making statues of who attacked Lycurgus and thrust out one of his
the deities. By ancient writers he is ranked eyes, when his fellow-citizens were discontented
amongst the most distinguished artists, and is con- with the laws he proposed. His mangled face,
sidered by Pausanias second only to Phidias. however, produced shame and repentance in his
(Quintil. xii. 10. § 8; Dionys. De Demosth. acum.
enemies, and they delivered up Alcander to him to
vol. vi. p. 1108, ed. Reiske; Paus. v. 10. $ 2. ) be punished as he thought fit. But Lycurgus par-
He flourished from about OL. 84 (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. doned his outrage, and thus converted him into
8. s. 19) to Ol. 95 (B. C. 444-400). Pliny's date is one of his warmest friends. (Plut. Lyc. ! l; Aclian,
confirmed by Pausanias, who says (viii. 9. § 1), that V. H. xiii. 23; Val. Max. v. 3. $ ext. 2. )
Praxiteles #ourished in the third generation after ALCA'THOE or ALCI'THOE ('Alcalón or
Alcamenes ; and Praxiteles, as Pliny tells us, flour-'Almidón), a daughter of Minyas, and sister of
ished about Ol. 104 (B. C. 364). The last works Leucippe and Arsippe. Instead of Arsippe, Ae-
of his which we bear of, were the colossal statues lian (V. H. iii. 42) calls the latter Aristipps, and
of Athene and Hercules, which Thrasybulus erected Plutarch (Quaest. Gr. 38) Arsinoë. At the time
in the temple of Hercules at Thebes after the ex- when the worship of Dionysus was introduced into
pulsion of the tyrants from Athens. (B. C. 403. ) Boeotia, and while the other women and maidens
The most beautiful and renowned of the works of were revelling and ranging over the mountains in
Alcamenes was a statue of Venus, called from the Bacchic joy, these two sisters alone remained at
place where it was set up, 'H év in Tous 'Appo home, devoting themselves to their usual occupa-
Bitn. (Lucian, Imagines, 4, 6; Paus i. 19. & 2. ) tions, and thus profaning the days sacred to the
It is said that Phidias himself put the finishing god. Dionysns punished them by changing them
touches to this work. (Plin. H. N. XXXvi. 6. B. 4. ) into bats, and their work into rines. (Or. Met.
The breasts, cheeks, and hands were especially iv. 1—40, 390—415. ) Plutarch, Aelian, and
admired. It has been supposed by some that this Antoninus Liberalis, thougb with some differences
was the Venus for which he gained the prize over in the detail, reiate that Dionysus appeared to the
Agoracritus. There is no direct evidence of this, sisters in the form of a maiden, and invited them
and it is scarcely consistent with what Pliny says, to partake in the Dionysiac mysteries. When
that Alcamenes owed his success more to the fa. this request was not complied with, the god meta-
vouritism of his fellow-citizens than to the excel- morphosed himself successively into a bull, a lion,
lence of his statue. Another celebrated specimen and a panther, and the sisters were seized with
of his genius was the western pediment of the madness. In this state they were eager to honour
temple at Olympia, ornamented with a representa- the god, and Leucippe, who was chosen by lot
tion of the batile between the Centaurs and the to offer a sacrifice to Dionysus, gave up her own
Lapithae. (Paus. v. 10. § 2. ) Other works of his son Hippasus to be torn to pieces. In extreme
were: a statue of Mars in the temple of that god Bacchic frenzy the sisters now roamed over the
at Athens (Paus. i. 8. & 5); a statue of Hephae mountains, until at last Hermes changed them into
stus, in which the lameness of the god was so in- birds. Plutarch adds that down to his time the
geniously represented as not to give the appearance men of Orchomenos descended from that family
of deformity (Cic. De Nat. Deor. i. 30; Val. Max. were called Yoaders, that is, mourners, and the wo-
viii. 11. ext. 3); an Aesculapius at Mantineia men dacia, or alonciat, that is, the destroyers. In
(Paus. viii. 9. § 1); a three-formed Hecate (the what manner the neglect of the Dionysiac worship
first of the kind), and a Procne in the Acropolis at on the part of Alcathoë and her sister was atoned
Athens (Paus. ii. 30. § 2, i. 24. & 3); and a bronze for every year at the festival of the Agrionia, see
statue of a victor in the Pentathlon. (Plin. xxxiv. Dict. of Ant. s. v. 'Aypávia ; comp. Buttmann,
8. &. 19. ) A story of very doubtful credibility is Mytholog. ii. p. 201, &c.
(L. S. )
told by Tzetzes (Chil
. viji. 193), that Alcamenes ALCA'THOUS ('Aladdoos). 1. A son of
and Phidias contended in making a statue of Pelops and Hippodameia, brother of Atreus and
Athene, and that before the statues were erected Thyestes, first married Pyrgo and afterwards
in their destined elevated position, that of Alca- Euaechme, and was the father of Echepolis, Cal-
menes was the most admired on account of its de lipolis, Iphinoë, Periboea, and Autoniedusa. (Paus.
licate finish; but that, when set up, the effect of i. 42. & 1, 4, 43. & 4; Apollod. ii. 4. § 11, iji. 12.
the more strongly defined features in that of Phi- $ 7. ) Pausanias (i. 41. § 4) relates that, after
dias caused the Athenians to change their opinion. Euippus, the son of king Megareus, was destroyed
On a Roman anaglyph in the villa Albani there by the Cythaeronian lion, Megareus, whose elder
is the following inscription :
son Timalcus had likewise fallen by the hands of
Q. LOLLIUS ALCAMENES
Theseus, offered his daughter Euaechme and his
DEC. ET DUUMVIR.
kingdom to him who should slay that lion. Al.
If this contains the name of the artist, he would cathous undertook the task, conquered the lion,
seem to have been a descendant of an Alcamenes, and thus obtained Euaechme for his wife, and
who had been the slave and afterwards the freed- afterwards became the successor of Megareus. In
man of one of the Lollian family, and to have at gratitude for this success, he built at Megara a
tained to the dignity of decurio and duumvir in temple of Artemis Agrotera and Apollo Agmeus.
some municipium. He perbaps exercised the art He also restored the walls of Megara, which hand
a
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## p. 98 (#118) #############################################
98
ALCIBIADES.
ALCETAS.
1
been destroyed hy the Cretans. (l'ans. i. t). $ 5. ) uata) in Delphi, of which Athenaeus quotes the
In this work he was said to have been assisted by second book. (xiii. p. 591, a. )
Apollo, and the stone, upon which the god used to A'LCETAS I. ('Aakétas), king of Epirus, was
place his lyre while he was at work, was even in the son of Tharypus. For some reason or other,
late times believed, when struck, to give forth a which we are not inforined of, he was expelled
sound similar to that of a lyrc. (Paus. i. 42. $ 1; from his kingdom, and took refuge with the elder
Ov. Mct. vij. 15, &c. ; Virg. Cir. 105; Theogn. Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse, by whom he was
751. ) Echepolis, one of the sons of Alcathous, reinstated. After his restoration we find him the
was killed during the Calydonian hunt in Actolia, ally of the Athenians, and of Jason, the Taguis of
and when his brother Callipolis hastened to carry Thessaly. In B. c. 373, he appeared at Athens
the sad tidings to his father, he found him en- with Jason, for the purpose of defending Timo
giged in offering a sacrifice to Apollo, and think theus, who, through their influence, was acquitted.
ing it unfit to offer sacrifices at such a moment, On his death the kingdom, which till then had
he snatched away the wood from the alır. Alca- been governed by one king, was divided between
thous imagining this to be an act of sacrilegious his two sons, Neoptolemus and Arybbas or Arym-
wantonness, killed his son on the spot with a bas. Diodorus (xix. 88) calls him Arybilus.
piece of wood. (Paus. i. 42. $ 7. ) The acropolis (Paus. i. 11. $ 3; Dem. Timoth. pp. 1187, 1190 ;
of Megara was called by a name derived from that Diod. xv. 13. 36. )
(C. P. M. ]
of Alcathous. (i. 42.
