No More Learning

flourished.
Aeschylus gains the prize in tragedy.
503 Heracleitus of Ephesus, the philosopher,
Achaeus, the tragic poet, born.
and Lasus of Hermione, the lyric poet, 483 Ostracism of Aristeides. " He was recalled
flourished.
from banishment three years afterwards.
501 Naxos besieged by Aristagoras and the Per- 481 Themistocles, the leading man at Athens.
sians. Upon the failure of this attempt He persuades his countrymen to build a
Aristagoras determines to revolt from the fleet of 200 ships, that they might be able
Persiang.
to resist the Persians.
Hecataeus the historian took part in the 480 Xerxes invades Greece. He set out from
deliberations of the Ionians respecting the Sardis at the beginning of the spring. The
revolt.
battles of Thermopylae and Artemisium
500 Aristagoras solicits aid from Athens and were fought at the time of the Olympic
Sparta.
games. The Athenians deserted their
Birth of Anaxagoras the philosopher.
city, which was taken by Xerxes. The
199 First year of the Ionian revolt. The Ionians, battle of Salamis, in which the fleet of
assisted by the Athenians, burn Sardis.
Xerxes was destroyed, was fought in the
Aeschylus, aged 25, first exhibits tra-
autumin.
gedy.
Birth of Euripides.
498 Second year of the Ionian revolt. Cyprus
Pherecydes of Athens, the historian,
recovered by the Persians.
flourished.
497 Third year of the Ionian revolt. Aristagoras 479 After the return of Xerxes to Asia, Mardo.
Blain in Thrace.
nius, who was left in the command of the
Death of Pythagoras according to Euse. Persian army, passed the winter in Thes.
bing.
saly. In the spring he marches south-
496 Fourth year of the Ionian revolt. Histiaeus ward and occupies Athens ten months after
comes down to the coast.
its occupation by Xerxes. At the battle
Birth of Hellanicus of Mytilene, the of Plataeae, fought in September, he is
historian.
defeated by the Greeks under the com-
495 | Fifth year of the Ionian revolt.
mand of Pausanias. On the same day the
Birth of Sophocles.
Persian fleet is defeated off Mycale by the
494 Sixth and last year of the Ionian revolt. The Greek fleet. Sestos besieged by the Greeks
Ionians defeated in a naval battle near
in the antumn and surrendered in the fol-
Miletus and Miletus taken.
lowing spring.
493 The Persians take the islands of Chios,
Antiphon, the Athenian orator, born.
Lesbos, and Tenedos. Miltiades fled from
Choerilus of Samos, the epic poet, pro-
the Chersonesus to Athens. He had been
bably born.
in the Chersonesus twenty-two years, 478 Sestos taken by the Greeks. Hieron suc-
having succeeded his brother Stesagoras in
ceeds Gelon.
the government in B. c. 515.
The history of Herodotus terminates at
492 Mardonius, the Persian general, invades Eu- the siege of Sestos.
rope, and unites Macedonia to the Persian 477 In consequence of the haughty conduct of
empire.
Pausanias, the maritime allies place them-
491 Dareius sends heralds to Greece to demand
selves under the supremacy of Athens.
earth and water.
Commencement of the Athenian ascendency
War between Athens and Aegina.
or empire, which lasted about seventy
Demaratus, king of Sparta, deposed by the years — sixty-five before the ruin of the
intrigues of his colleague Cleomenes. He Athenian affairs in Sicily, seventy-three
flies to Dareius.
before the capture of Athens by Lysander.
490 Datis and Artaphernes, the Persian generals,
Epicharmus, the comic poet, flourished
invade Europe. They take Eretria in in the reign of Hieron.
Euboea, and land in Attica under the 476 ) Cimon, commanding the forces of the Athe
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1 340
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF
B. C.
B. C.
E. C.
439 Ath
437 Cok
436
435 Wa
I
(
i
431 Th
433 TL
432\T
451
nians and of the allies, expels the Persians || 456 The Athenians commanded by Myronides,
from Eion on the Strymon, and then takes defeat the Thebans at Oenophyta.
the island of Scyros, where the bones of Recal of Cimon from exile.
Theseus are discovered.
Herodotus aet. 25. Thucydides aet. 15.
Phrynichus gains the prize in tragedy:
Herodotus is said to have recited his his
Simonides, aet. 80, gains the prize in the tory at the Olympic games, when Thucy-
dithyrambic chorus.
dides was a boy. The recitation may
474 Naval victory of Hicron over the Tuscans.
therefore be placed in this year, if the tale
Death of Theron of Agrigentum.
be true, which is very doubtful.
472 The Persae of Aeschylus performed.
Death of Aeschylus aet. 69.
471 Themistocles, banished by ostracism, goes to 455 The Messenians conquered by the Lacedae-
Argos. Pausanias convicted of treason and monians in the tenth year of the war.
put to death.
Tolmides, the Athenian general, settles the
Thucydides the historian born.
expelled Messenians at Naupactus. See B. C.
Timocreon of Rhodes, the lyric poet, 464. Tolmides sails round Peloponnesus
flourished in the time of Themistocles.
with an Athenian flect, and does great
469 Pericles begins to take part in public affairs, injury to the Peloponnesians.
forty years before his death.
End of the Egyptian war in the sixth year.
468 Mycenae destroyed by the Argires.
See B. C. 460. All Egypt conquered by
Death of Aristeides.
the Persians, except the marshes, where
Socrates born.
Amyrtaeus continued to hold out for some
Sophocles gained his first tragic victory.
years. See B. C. 449.
467 Death of Hieron.
Euripides aet. 25 first gains the prize
Andocides, the orator, born.
in tragedy.
Simonides, aet. 90, died.
454 Campaign of Pericles at Sicyon and in Acar.
466 Naxos revolted and subdued.
nania.
Great victory of Cimon over the Persians at
Cratinus, the comic writer, flourished.
the river Eurymedon, in Pamphylia.
Ion of Chios, the tragic writer, begins
Themistocles flies to Persia.
to exhibit.
After the death of Hieron Thrasybulus ruled 450 Five years' truce between the Athenians and
Syracuse for a year, at the end of which Peloponnesians, made through the inter-
time a democratical form of government
vention of Cimon.
was established.
Anaxagoras aet. 50 withdraws from
Diagoras of Melos flourished.
Athens, after residing there thirty years.
465 Revolt of Thasos.
Crates, the comic poet, and Bacchylides
Death of Xerxes, king of Persia, and acces-
flourished,
sion of Artaxerxes I.
449 Renewal of the war with Persia. The Athe-
464 Earthquake at Sparta, and revolt of the He- nians send assistance to Amyrtaeus. Death
lots and Messenians.
of Cimon and victory of the Athenians at
Cimon marches to the assistance of the Lace.
Salamis in Cyprus.
daemonians.
448 Sacred war between the Delphians and
Zeno of Elea flourished
Phocians for the possession of the oracle
463 Thasos subdued by Cimon.
and temple. The Lacedaemonians assisted
Xanthus of Lydia continued to write the Delphians, and the Athenians the
history in the reign of Artaxerxes.
Phocians.
461 Cimon marches a second time to the assist- || 447 The Athenians defeated at Coroneia by the
ance of the Lacedaemonians, but his offers
Boeotians.
are declined by the latter, and the Athe- || 445 Revolt of Euboea and Megara from Athens.
nian troops sent back. Ostracism of Ci- The five years' truce having expired (see
mon.
B. C. 450), the Lacedaemonians, led by
Pericles at the head of public affairs at
Pleistoanax, invade Attica. After the
Athens.
Lacedaemonians had retired, Pericles re-
460 Revolt of Inaros, and first year of the Egyp-
covers Euboea. The thirty years' truce
tian war, which lasted six years. The
between Athens and Sparta.
Athenians sent assistance to the Egyptians. 444 Pericles begins to have the sole direction
Democritus and Hippocrates born
of public affairs at Athens. Thucydides,
459 Gorgias flourished.
the son of Milesias, the leader of the aris-
458 Lysias born.
tocratical party, ostracised.
The Oresteia of Aeschylus performed.
Melissus and Empedocles, the philo.
457 Battles in the Megarid between the Athe-
sophers, flourished.
nians and Corinthians. The Lacedaemo- 443 The Athenians send a colony to Thurii in
nians march into Doris to assist the Do-
Italy.
rians against the Phocians. On their re-
Herodotus aet. 41, and Lysias aet. 15
turn they are attacked by the Athenians accompany this colony to Thurii.
at Tanagra, but the latter are defeated. 441 Euripides gains the first prize in tragedy.
The Athenians commence building their | 410 Samos revolts from Athens, but is subdued
long walls, which were completed in the by Pericles in the ninth month.
following year.
Sophocles aet. 55 was one of the ten
Panyasis, the uncle of Herodotus, put Athenian generals, who fought against
to death by Lygdamis.
Samos.
431
430
429
428
42


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GREEK HISTORY.
1341
B. C.
B. c:1
Melissus the philosopher defends Samos fluence in public affairs. Plataeae sur-
against Pericles.
rendered to the Peloponnesians. Sedition
A decree to prohibit comedy at Athens. at Corcyra. The Athenians send assistance
439 Athens at the height of its glory.
to the Leontines in Sicily.
437 Colony of Agnon to Amphipolis.
Aristophanes, the comic poet, first ex
The prohibition of comedy repealed.
hibits. He gains the prize with the play
436 Isocrates born.
called Aaitaneis, which is lost.
Cratinus, the comic poet, gains the prize.
Gorgias ambassador from Leontini to
435 War between the Corinthians and Corcy-
Athens. He was probably now nearly
raeans on account of Epidamnus. The
60 years of age.
Corinthians defeated by the Corcyraeans | 426 Sixth year of the Peloponnesian war. The
in a sea-fight.
Peloponnesians do not invade Attica in
431 | The Corinthians make great preparations to consequence of an carthquake.
carry on the war with vigour.
Lustration of Delos.
Lysippus, the comic poct, gains the prize.
The Babylonians of Aristophanes.
433| The Corcyracans and Corinthians send em- 425 Seventh year of the Peloponnesian war.
bassies to Athens to solicit assistance.
The
Fifth invasion of Attica. Demosthenes
Athenians form a defensive alliance with takes possession of Pylos. The Spartans
the Corcyraeans.
in the island of Sphacteria surrendered to
432 The Corcyracans assisted by the Athenians Cleon seventy-two days afterwards.
defeat the Corinthians in the spring. Eruption of Mount Aetna.
In the same year Potidaea revolts from Accession of Dareius Nothus.
Athens. Congress of the Peloponnesians
The Acharnians of Aristophanes.
in the autumn to decide upon war with 424 Eighth year of the Peloponnesian war. Nj.
Athens.
cias ravages the coast of Laconia and
Andocides the orator, one of the com- captures the island of Cythera. March of
manders of the Athenian fleet, to protect Brasidas into Thrace, who obtains pos-
the Corcyraeans against the Corinthians.
session of Acanthus and Amphipolis. The
Anaxagoras prosecuted for impiety at Athenians defeated by the Thebans at
Athens, withdraws to Lampsacus, where Delium.
he died about four years afterwards.
Socrates and Xenophon fonght at the
Aspasia, prosecuted by the comic poet
battle of Delium.
Hermippus, but acquitted through the in-
Thucydides, the historian, commanded
fluence of Pericles.
at Amphipolis.
Prosecution and death of Pheidias. (See
The Knights of Aristophanes.
Vol. III. pp. 248, 249. ]
423 Ninth year of the Peloponnesian war. Truce
431 First year of the Peloponnesian war. The
Thebans make an attempt upon Plataeae
Thucydides banished in consequence of
two months before midsummer. Eighty
the loss of Amphipolis.
He was 20
days afterwards Attica is invaded by the
years in exile.
Peloponnesians. Alliance between the
The Clouds of Aristophanes first ex-
Athenians and Sitalces king of Thrace.
hibited.
Hellanicus aet. 65, Herodotus aet. 53,
Antiochus of Syracuse brought down
Thucydides aet. 40, at the commencement his history to this date.
of the Peloponnesian war.
422 Tenth year of the Peloponnesian war. Hos-
The Medea of Euripides exhibited.
tilities in Thrace between the Lacedae-
430 Second year of the Peloponnesian war. Se- monians and Athenians. Both Brasidas
cond invasion of Attica.
and Cleon fall in battle. Athenian citi.
The plague rages at Athens.
zens at this time computed at 20,000.
429 Third year of the Peloponnesian war. Po-
The Wasps of Aristophanes and second
tidaea surrenders to the Athenians after a
exhibition of the Clouds.
siege of more than two years.
Naval
Death of Cratinus.
actions of Phormio in the Corinthian gulph.
Protagoras, the sophist, comes to Athens.
Commencement of the siege of Plataeae. | 421 Eleventh year of the Peloponnesian war.
Death of Pericles in the autumn.
Truce for fifty years between the Athe-
Birth of Plato, the philosopher.
nians and Lacedaemonians. Though this
Eupolis and Phrynichus, the comic poets, truce was not formally declared to be at an
exhibit.
end till B. C. 414, there were notwithstand-
428 Fourth year of the Peloponnesian war. Third ing frequent hostilities meantime.
invasion of Attica. Revolt of all Lesbos
The Mαρικάς and κόλακες of Eupolis.
except Methymnae. Mytilene besieged 420 Twelfth year of the Peloponnesian war.
towards the autumn.
Treaty between the Athenians and Argives
Death of Anaxagoras, aet. 72.
effected by means of Alcibiades.
The Hippolytus of Euripides gains the
The "Aypior of Pherecrates. The Aů.
first prize.
τόλυκος of Eupolis.
Plato the comic poet first exhibits. 419 Thirteenth year of the Peloponnesian war.
427 Fifth year of the Peloponnesian war. Fourth Alcibiades marches into Peloponnesu .
invasion of Attica. Mytilene taken by
The Peace of Aristophanes.
the Athenians and Lesbos recovered. The 418 Fourteenth year of the Peloponnesian war.
demagogue Cleon begins to have great in- The Athenians send a force into Pelopon-
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## p. 1342 (#1358) ##########################################

1312
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF
B. C.
tair
tom
the
Boi
the
sto
cli
cic
401 Expe
A
war.
na
H
of
Firs
E
C
t
€
S
400 Re
Set
399 TI
B. C.
B. C.
nesus to assist the Argives against the
Athenian forces. Mindarus the Lace-
Lacedaemonians, but are defeated at the daemonian admiral defeated at Cynossema.
battle of Mantineia. Alliance between
Antiphon, the orator, had a great share
Sparta and Argos.
in the establishment of the Four Hundred.
417 Fifteenth year of the Peloponnesian war.
After their downfal he is brought to trial
416 Sixteenth year of the Peloponnesian war.
and put to death.
The Athenians conquer Melos.
The history of Thucydides suddenly
Agathon, the tragic poet, gains the prize.
breaks off in the middle of this year.
415 Seventeenth year of the Peloponnesian war.
The Lysistrata and Thesmophoriazusat
The Athenian expedition against Sicily.
of Aristophanes.
It sailed after midsummer, commanded by
Lysias returns from Thurii to Athens.
Nicias, Alcibiades, and Lamachus. Muti. 410 Twenty-second year of the Peloponnesian
lation of the Hermae at Athens before
Mindarus defeated and slain by
the fleet sailed. The Athenians take
Alcibiades at Cyzicus.
Catana. Alcibiades is recalled home : he 409 Twenty-third year of the Peloponnesian war.
makes his escape, and takes refuge with
The Philocletes of Sophocles.
the Lacedaemonians.
Plato aet. 20 begins to hear Socrates.
Andocides, the orator, imprisoned on the || 408 Twenty-fourth year of the Peloponnesian
mutilation of the Hermae. He escapes by war. Alcibiades recovers Byzantium.
turning informer. He afterwards went to
The Orestes of Euripides.
Cyprus and other countrics.
The Plutus of Aristophanes.
Xcnocles, the tragic poet, gains the first | 407 | Twenty-fifth year of the Peloponnesian war.
prize.
Alcibiades returns to Athens. Lysander
Arclippus, the comic poet, gains the appointed the Lacedaemonian admiral and
prize.
supported by Cyrus, who this year received
414 Eighteenth year of the Peloponnesian war.
the government of the countries on the
Second campaign in Sicily. The Athe-
Asiatic coast.
Antiochus, the lieutenant
nians invest Syracuse.
Gylippus the
of Alcibiades, defeated by Lysander at
Lacedaemonian comes to the assistance of
Notium in the absence of Alcibiades.
the Syracusans.
Alcibiades is in consequence banished,
The Birds and Amphiaraus (a lost and ten new generals appointed.
drama) of Aristophanes.
Antiphanes, the comic poet, born.
Ameipsias, the comic poet, gains the 406 Twenty-sixth year of the Peloponnesian war.
prize with his Kωμασται.
Callicratidas, who succeeded Lysander as
413 Nineteenth year of the Peloponnesian war. Lacedaemonian admiral, defeated by the
Invasion of Attica and fortification of De-
Athenians in the sea-fight off the Ar-
celea, on the advice of Alcibiades.
ginussae islands. The Athenian generals
Third campaign in Sicily. Demosthenes
condemned to death, because they had not
sent with a large force to the assistance of picked up the bodies of those who had
the Athenians. Total destruction of the
fallen in the battle.
Athenian army and fleet. Nicias and Dionysius becomes master of Syracuse.
Demosthenes surrender and are put to
Death of Euripides.
death on the 12th or 13th of September,
Death of Sophocles. (See Vol. IIL
16 or 17 days after the eclipse of the
p. 868, b. )
moon, which took place on the 27th of
Philistus of Syracuse, the historian,
August.
espoused the cause of Dionysius.
Hegemon of Thasos, the comic poet, was 405 Twenty-seventh year of the Peloponnesian
exhibiting his parody of the Giganto-
war. Lýsander defeats the Athenians off
machia, when the news arrived at Athens
Aegos
potami, and takes or destroys all
of the defeat in Sicily.
their fieet with the exception of eight ships
412 Twentieth year of the Peloponnesian war.
which fled with Conon to Cyprus.
The Lesbians revolt from Athens. Alci-
The Frogs of Aristophanes acted in
biades sent by the Lacedaemonians to February at the Lenaea.
Asia to form a treaty with the Persians. 404 Twenty-eighth and last year of the Pelopon-
He succeeds in his mission and forms a
nesian war. Athens taken by Lysander
treaty with Tissaphernes, and urges the in the spring on the 16th of the month
Athenian allies in Asia to revolt. The
Munychion. Democracy abolished, and
Athenians make use of the 1000 talents
the government entrusted to thirty men,
deposited for extreme emergencies.
usually called the Thirty Tyrants.
The Andromeda of Euripides.
The Thirty Tyrants held their power for
411 Twenty-first year of the Peloponnesian war. eight months, till Thrasybulus occupied
Democracy abolished at Athens, and the
Phyle and advanced to the Peiraeeus.
government entrusted to a council of Four Death of Alcibiades during the tyranny of
Hundred. This council holds the govern-
the Thirty.
ment four months. The Athenian army
Lysias banished after the battle of
at Samos recalls Alcibiades from exile
Aegospotami.
and appoints him one of their generals. 403 Thrasybulus and his party obtain possession
He is afterwards recalled by a vote of the
of the Peiraeeus, from whence they carried
people at Athens, but he remained abroad
on war for several months against the Ten,
for the next four years at the head of the the successors of the Thirty. They oben
T
3980
397
396
395
394


## p. 1343 (#1359) ##########################################

LES OF
GREEK HISTORY.
1343
B. C.
Bubenman forces. Mindars the Late
Emboran admiral defeated a Chama
Ast shor, the orator, bad a great in
Es the establishment of the Fox Hard
Ater er downíl be is brouga: a ra
aed put to death
The history of Thaerdides pidat
breaks of in the middle of this seu
The Lysistrata and Timopinion
of Anstopbases.
Lyra returns from Thuri to Atlas
westy-terond rear of the Perspezam
war. Mindaru decated and was by
Acabades a: Crnicus
veste-third year of the Peoprenean vu.
The Prictetes of Sopbodias
Pato aet 20 begins to bear Serzis
I wenty-barth rear of the Peincan
war. Actades recovers Byraccia
The Orestes of Eunpides
The Piztus of Aristobana
Twenty-fith year of the Pekposesia re
Alcibiades returns to Athens Lyme
appointed the Lacedaemorian deze
se, ported by Cyras
, who this year termes
the goretsment of the couras : 3
Asiatic coast Antiochos, the servis
of Alcibades, defeated by Losada
Nction in the absence of Alches
Alcibiades is in consequence beting
and ten new generalis appled
Actiphanes, the comie poei, bez
Twenty-sixth year of the Peoperate FE
Calicratidas, who succeeded Leeda a
Lacedaemonian admiral, detested the
Athenians in tbe ses-fight of the 4-
gilussae islands. The Atibaian pemas
eandembed to death, because they had not
picked up the bodies of those who box
forven in the battle.
Dionysius becomes master of Syrace.
Death of Eurip:dex
B. C.
tain possession of Athens before Heca. against Lacedaemon. He passed the Hel.
tombaeon (July); but the contest between lespont about midsummer, and was at the
the parties was not finally concluded till entrance of Bocotia on the 14th of August.
Boëdromion (September). The date of
He defeats the allied forces at Coroneia.
the amnesty, by which the exiles were re-
A little before the latter battle the Lace-
stored, was the 12th of Boëdromion. Eu- daemonians also gained a victory near
clides was archon at the time.
Corinth ; but about the same time Conon,
Thucydides, aet. 68, Lysias and Ando- the Athenian admiral, and Phamabazus,
cides return to Athens.