No More Learning

Dermod Mac Carthy, heir the lordship Desmond, was slain by O’Mahony.
Kennedy Mac-I-Brien Coonagh (in Ormond), was slain the English.
son Theobald O'Mulloy; and Lasarina, daugh ter Fergal O’Duigenan, and wife O’Mithigen
Bealach, died.
Owen Fox, Tanist Muintir Tadhgain (in Westmeath), was slain the D'Altons.
Hugh, son Murtogh Muinach Mac Geoghe gan (in Westmeath), was slain Myler, the son
Theobald O'Mulloy, the thrust spear.
Dungallach O'Madden (of Galway), was slain conflict with the Clan Rickard.
Raghnailt, daughter Mac Brady, and wife Mac Dorchy (of Leitrim), died.
Owen O'Quinn, chief Munitir Giollgain (in
The sons Felim O'Conor were expelled by
Roderick O’Conor, and dispossessed Ballintob Felimidh, was slain
lord
ber (in Roscommon). Cathal, son Roderick lagh (in Wexford).
O'Conor, was valiantly and victoriously taken pri soner soon after Bryan Ballach (O'Conor), Beol-an-Tachair (in Roscommon), were also some other chiefs, together with Bryan O’Beirne and Loghlin O’Hanley, who were returning from Con maicne Dunmore (in Galway); Bryan kept them confinement until he obtained his own
terms from O'Conor, and they then concluded peace.
The castle Athlone was taken by the earl Mortimer, and the son Ricard Fox was slain there.
The castle Athleathan (in Mayo), was de molished by the Mac Donoghs, who carried away
portal-gates Ballymote.
O’Dunn was slain the people Fercall (in More Mac Geoghegan, chief Kinel Fiacha, was
the King’s county), while plundering them. treacherously slain by the people Fercall, Niall O’Neill marched with his forces into Or Kilmona, eastward Rath Hugh Mac Bric (Rath giall (Monaghan), where they committed great Hugh, Westmeath). Fergal O'Mulloy and the
depredations, but the Orgiallians pursued them, son Theobald were the persons who attacked
attacked the rear O’Neill’s party, and recovered
part their prey; Donogh, son Manus Mac Mahon, was slain that engagement.
him, and Myler Maintin was who struck him. Some the chiefs Connaught were taken prisoners Roderick O'Conor his own terri
Longford), died.
Donal O'Murchadha
(O'Murphy), the people
Hy Hy Kinsel
Philip, the grandson Ormond, and Aine,
mara, his wife, died.
Philip O'Kennedy, lord the daughter Mac Na
A. D. 1382.
Thomas O'Carmacain, bishop Thomond (Kil
laloe), and Matthew Mac Murray, prior (in Roscommon), died.
Dermod O’Donnell, son Owen, son
son Donal Oge, heir the lordship nell, died.
Kilmore
Hugh, Tircon
Laurence Tuite (of Longford) was slain by the sons John O'Ferrall, namely, Murrogh, Cormac and Donal.
Fergal Roe, son Donagh, son Murtogh
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REIGN OF RICHARD II. 167
Roderick, the son of John O'Ferrall, died.
The Clan Maurice (of Mayo) having made an attack on Corcomogha,' and plundered the inha
bitants, O'Concanan went in pursuit of the prey and was slain; Conor Oge MacDermott, with his
tory, namely, O’Hanley, O’Beirne, and Mac Kear the English of the district collected together to op ney, in consequence of his having received intelli pose them, and Hugh O'Neill, and Raibilin Sa gence that they were about joining the sons of vadge having encountered each other in a charge Felim (O'Conor) against him.
kinsmen, after that attacked the Clan Maurice,
and on his march for that purpose, the Clan Mau days after Raibilin himself was killed.
Murtogh O'Flanagan, chief of Tura (in Ferma nagh), and Cormac, son of Art Mac Guire, died.
John Mac Gaffrey and Manus Mac David were slain on the same day.
Art, son of Thomas Fion, of the family of the Mac Murroghs, heir presumptive to the crown of Leinster, was slain by the English of the county of Lough Garman (Wexford).
An awful and very fatal plague raged through out Ireland.
Art Mac Gennis, lord of Iveagh, in Ulidia (county of Down), the most distinguished prop of
hospitality in Ireland in his time, died of the plague
Donal O’Brien; Torlogh, son of Dermod
O’Brien, and Bryan, son of Dermod O’Brien, of where he was confined by the English.
the Clan ofBryan Roe, died. Murrogh-na-Raithnigh O’Brien; More, daugh
Gillabride O’Sgingin, the intended chief profes ter of Murrogh O'Madden, the wife of Rickard sor of Tirconnell, died. MacWilliam (Burke) of Clan Rickard; and Judith, Murtogh Oge, son of Mac Manus of Tir Tua daughter of the earl of Ormond, the wife of Teige
rice with their forces prepared themselves to meet him; but in spite of them he proceeded onwards,
burned both dwellings and corn, and slew many people about the place, and then Conor and his party returned victorious by their valour, without any of them having sustained an injury.
Murrogh O'Brien marched with a force into Desmond, which he completely plundered.
Donal, son of Mahon Donn O'Kennedy (of Or
mond), and Edmond Oge, son of Edmond Butler, died.
Murtogh, son of Mahon Maonmoy O’Brien, died in imprisonment at Trim (in Meath).
so
comprising the parish of Kilkerrin, on the borders of Tipperary.
the county
Teige Mac Donogh, son of Tomaltach, son of of the town of Athboy, died.
Maurice, son of Donogh, from whom the Clan Donogh (or Mac Donoghs of Sligo) derived their name, lord of Tirerrill, a man full of hospitality and generosity, died on Good Friday.
Fonntach of Tigh Muna,' and the daughter of O’Brien, the wife of O'Kennedy, died.
Honora, daughter of William Burke, the wife of O’Magher; Mac Gillpatrick, lord of Ossory, and
Niall O’Neill, with his sons and the chiefs of Mac Kelly Mac Gillpatrick, tanist of Ossory, Tyrone, marched with a great force into Trian died the same plague.
Congail to attack the English, and they com pletely plundered and burned many of their towns;
Dermod O’Dempsey, lord Clan Malire (in Queen’s county), was slain the English.
Donogh O'Conor, lord Kerry Luachra
A. D. 1382.
1. . C”orcomodha, a district in the barony of Killian, county of Tigh Muna, now Timoney, near Roscrea,
ay
o.
of their cavalry, they pierced each other's bodies with two violent thrusts of their spears; Raibi lin returned to his house desperately wounded, where he was again attacked, and killed, by the son of John Bisett, and Hugh O'Neill died on the third day from the effects of his wounds, and the son of John Bisett was slain by Raibilin’s people three
thail (in Roscommon), died.
A. D. 1383.
The abbot, Mac David of Boyle, a man distin guished for charity and humanity, died.
O'Carroll, lord of Ely, died of the plague.
Murrogh, son of Bryan O'Kennedy (of Or mond); Donogh-an-Chuil Mac Mahon, lord of Corcobaiscind (in the county of Clare); Owen, son of Donogh, son of Roderick O’Kelly; and Londres,
in the town of Ath Truim (Trim, county of Meath),
A. D. 1383.
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168 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1384.
county of Kerry), and Malachy Mac Gauran, ta also by the Mac Donoghs; and Torlogh Roe, son nist of Tullaghaw (in Cavan), died. of Hugh, son of Felim, son of Hugh, son of Owen, John, son of Donal O'Ferrall, lord of Annaly, was appointed to the government in like manner,
died at Lisard, and was buried in the monastery of by Mac Dermott, the Clan of Murtogh Muinach Leath-Ratha. ” (O'Conors), and by the chiefs of Siol Murray (Ros
Cathan, son of Roderick O’Kane (of Derry); common) besides; in consequence of which a war John Gallda, son of the earl; William Barrett; broke out over Connaught, by which the peo and Roderick, son of Hugh Oge O'Mulloy, lord ple were much disturbed.
of Fercall (in King's county), died.
Roderick, son of Art Mac Guire, was slain by
Donogh Mac Guire.
Dermod Mac Dermott, tanist of Moylurg (in
Roscommon), died.
Fergal, son of Thomas Mac Tiernan, chief of Tullyhunco (in Cavan), died.
Murrogh, son of Cahir O'Conor Faily (King's county), died.
Milig Mac Costello was slain by the Clan of Fiachra O'Flynn (of Roscommon).
Dermod Mac Rannall Duv, son Malachy, the worthy, hospitable, and generous chief Muintir Eoluis, was treacherously slain the clan Ran mall Mac Rannall, the hall the house Rich ard Mac Rannall.
Murtogh O'Conor, lord Offaley,died ad vanced age.
Tomaltach Mac Dorchy, chief Kinel Duachain (in Leitrim), was killed accidentally with wound
by his own knife.
meeting was held between the parties
Iomar O’Hanley, heir to the chieftaincy of Ki O'Flaherty and O'Malley, which dispute
nel Dovha (in Roscommon), was slain by his own kindred.
Cathal, son of Geoffrey O'Ferral, died.
Dermod Mac Rannall, chief of Muintir Foluis (in Leitrim), committed a depredation on O’Rourke.
arose, and Owen O’Malley, Cormac Cruin O’Mal
ley, and many others, were slain the occasion. Carrickfergus was burned Niall O’Neill, who
gained great power over the English.
Cuchonacht O'Ferrall, son Hugh, lord
Moy Treagha Longford), and Geoffrey O'Fer
rall, died.
William, son sir Edmond Burke, and Rickard,
son Maduc, son Tomin Barrett, general benefactor the clergy, died.
Uigh O’Duigenan, chief historian Conmaicne (Leitrim), died.
Ualgarg O'Rourke, worthy heir the lord ship Brefney, was drowned Lough Gawnagh
A. D. 1384.
Gillcoisgle, master, erenach, John Mac and
par
son of Airigh Brosga," died.
Roderick, son of Torlogh O'Conor, king of
Connaught, died of the same plague on the eve of
St. Catherine’s festival, having reigned king of
Connaught sixteen years and three months, as the
poet Maoilin O'Maolconry has recorded in his (in Longford).
poem of Reim Riograidhe (or Catalogue of Kings):
“For three months and sixteen years,
The royal Roderick held the rule,
At Croghan, in honour, free from contest,
The son of Torlogh fierce in conflicts. ”
After that two lords were elected in Connaught, viz. : Torlogh Oge, son of Hugh, son of Torlogh,
Philip O’Reilly, lord Muintir Maolmora (in Cavan), died.
Myler, son sir William Burke, was killed
fall John and David, the two other sons sir
William Burke, died the plague.
Manus, son Malachy O'Ferrall, Tomaltach,
son Cairbre O'Ferrall, and Fergal, son Cathal was appointed to the government by O'Kelly, Clan O'Ferrall, died.
Rickard, Donal, son of Murtogh O'Conor, and
2. Leath Ratha, now Lerha, or Laragh, in the parish of Ab beylaragh, in the barony of Granard, county of Longford, where there was an ancient abbey.
A. D. 1384.
1. Airigh Brosga, now Derrybrusk, a parish in the barony of
Donal Mac Murtogh (O'Conor), with his chief,
Tyrkennedy, county Fermanagh, near Lough Erne, where Dominican monastery was founded Mac Manus, lord the ter ritory, which there are still some remains, near the village of Golla.
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REIGN OF RICHARD II. 169 clans marched a force into Moylurg, and burned having joined O'Conor Don, made incursion
the fortress of Mac Dermott.
Donogh O'Dowd died, and was succeeded by his son Murtogh.
Donal, son of Flaherty O’Rourke, died.
A. D. 1385.
was opposed, and battle fought, which was taken prisoner by O'Conor, and died in his Maideog Maol, one the chiefs his people, was
David, son of Edmond Mac Hoberd (Burke),
confinement at Ballintober.
O'Rourke (of Leitrim) and Mac Donogh (of Sligo), with their respective chiefs, marched their
forces into Moylurg, where they burned the for tress of Mac Dermott, and the country in general;
the son of John O'Hara was slain in pursuit of them, and his brother was taken prisoner.
slain, and hostages were taken from him after wards.
Tyrawley (in Mayo) was burned by Donal, son Murtogh O'Conor, who slew many people,
seized much booty there, and afterwards took some their chiefs hostages.
Murrogh O'Conor, lord Ophaley, and the
Felim Cleireach O'Conor and Conor Oge Mac people Kinel Fiacha (Mac Geoghegans West
Dermott, led their forces into Tirerrill Sligo), but notice their approach was sent before them, and ambush was laid for them; they, however, proceeded through the country, slew many people,
and carried off cattle, but the guards the coun try overtook them afterwards, and battle ensued,
which Cathal Cairbreach Mac Donogh was slain,
Conor Mac Dermott was taken prisoner, and Fe lim O'Conor was wounded.
Murtogh, son Cathal (O'Conor), Cormac, son
Roderick (O'Conor), Teige Mac Dermott, and
Cathal Mac Dermott, made attack upon Mac Rannall Roe, and Hugh O'Conor, whom
they took prisoners and conveyed the Rock Lough Key Roscommon), where they were im prisoned.
Cathal O'Ferrall, worthy heir the lordship
Annaly, and Cumuighe O’Kane, lord O’Kane's
country (in Derry), died much honoured and re spected.
O’Conor Roe, with Mac Dermott, the Clan Murtogh(O'Conors),and the chiefs Connaught,
meath), defeated the English Meath Cruachan Bri Eile," which Nugent Chambers and his son, with many others English nobility, and immense number common soldiers, were slain.
Tochar Meath,
the their
marched with very great force into Hy Maine, and
burned the town Edmond O’Kelly; and William the Mac Donoghs were defeated, many their
Buidhe O'Naghtan was slain that occasion. The men Brefney and the people Tirerrill
A. D. 1385.
Tochar Cruachan Brieile, that the bog-pass Croghan
Brieile, where this battle was fought, near Croghan Hill, the parish Croghan, barony Philipstown, king's county, the borders of Westmeath.
Cluan Cairpthe, now Cloonaff, Clooncraff, parish the barony and county Roscommon, where monastery was founded
people slain, and they themselves were afterwards driven into Kilconduff (in Mayo).
St. Barach, the sixth century. This district was the pos session the O'Maolconrys, hereditary bards and historiogra
phers Connaught.
The two O'Conors here mentioned were the two great
branches that family named The O'Conor Don and The O'Conor
Roe, who divided the county Roscommon between them, explained the note South Connaught.
into Corcoachlan (in Roscommon), where they burned many their towns and cut down much their crops.
Tireragh was burned by Mac William Burke, after which proceeded Sligo, which also burned, together with the south Carbury, where
Tanaidhe O'Maolconry, chief historiographer
and bard Connaught, died Lamas, house, after having gained the victory unction and repentance, and was interred Coirpthe" with due honours.
his own extreme Cluan
The Conacians having made peace with each other, Siol Murray (Roscommon), was divided into
two portions between the two O'Conors. ”
Art, son Art More O’Melaghlin; Dervor gail, daughter Cathal Oge, the wife O'Conor
Roe and Bean Midhe, daughter Mac Mahon, the wife O’Neill, died.
Gillcreest Mac Gilfinen, chief Pettigo, (in Fermanagh), died.
The Mac Donoghs committed great depreda tions Cara (in Mayo), but they were, however, overtaken by the clan Cathal Oge O'Conor, aided the Stantons and many others besides;
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ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1386-7.
A. D. 1386.
Aine, daughter of Teige Mac Donogh, the wife of Tiarnan O’Rourke, lord of Brefney, one of the most worthy women of Leath Cuinn (north of Ire land), died at Tuam Seanchadha at Lough Fionn
Many the English Murrogh, king Leinster.
Donal Mac Coghlan, lord county), died.
Ossory fell Mac Delvin (in King's
The Conacians made peace with each other after their war, and Mac William Burke made his sub Carbre, son of Bryan, son of Murrogh O'Fer mission Mac William Clanrickard; Berming
maighe, and was buried in Sligo.
rall, lord of the Port of Annaly, a hospitable, be ham was appointed lordship submission
him in like manner.
Donogh Mac Cabe (county Cavan), was slain
the clan Manus O'Reilly.
Cathal O’Naghtan (of Roscommon) was slain
O'Conor Roe.
A. D. 1387.
a great force into the country of Mac Waittin Eamhain Macha (Armagh), Niall O’Neill, king (Barrett of Mayo), which they devastated and of Ulster.
neficent, valiant and protecting man, died after
having gained the victory of good fame, veneration,
extreme unction and repentance.
Niall, son of Peregrine Oge Mac Geoghegan, the
intended lord of his sept, was slain by William D'Alton and his son, and Manus, son of Hugh
Mac Dermott, was also slain by the D'Altons. Donal, son of Murtogh O'Conor, with the Mac
house general entertainment and support Donoghs, O'Dowd and the O’Haras, marched with was founded for the learned men of Ireland
Fingin,son Roderick MacGeoghegan,wasslain.
plundered on that expedition, and slew many peo
ple, together with Robert of Dun Domnain," Mac
Myler of Corran (in Sligo), and Maigoge Gallda;
and they took Castle Lynod, and cut down the orchards of Caorthanain and of Inis Cua.
Heremon O’Melaghlin (of Meath), was slain by Mac Awley and the D'Altons.
Sabina, daughter Hugh O'Neill, one the most illustrious women of the race of Niall of the
Nine Hostages, her time, the wife John Bi sett's son, died after the victory repentance.
Richard Oge Mac William Clanrickard died. Geoffrey Fionn O'Daly (of Munster), chief poet Ireland, and Roderick O’Cianain, learned his
O'Conor Roe, with the
collect join him, went
Burke against Donal, son
and the Mac Donoghs; they carried off great preys
from Tireragh the Moy (in Sligo), after which
they proceeded predatory expedition into
Clanrickard; O’Brien, the head great force, tended chief Muintir Eoluis, was slain Muin and Mac William Clanrickard overtook them; tir Beirne.
O’Conor Roe turned on them and defeated them, and Conor, son Teige, son Conor O’Brien, was slain them that engagement.
A. D. 1386.
Dum Domnainn, ancient fortress, situated hill the valley Glencastle, parish Kilcommon, barony Erris, county
John, son Aongus Mac Donnell, lord Hebrides, died.
Dermod Roe O’Duirnin died.
the
Mayo. Castle Lynod was situated the barony Tyrawley, county Mayo, and the chief residence the English family the Lynotts. Inis Cua, now Iniscoe, situate near Lough Con, the parish Crosmolina, and barony
Desmond. The territory called Desmond, Irish Deas Mumhan, signifying South Munster, comprised, according
Smith, his histories Cork and Kerry, and other authorities, the whole the present county Cork, and the greater part Kerry, together with portion Waterford, and also small part the south Tipperary, bordering Cork, called the Eoga nacht Cashel, thus extending from Brandon Mountain, the barony
Corcaguiney, county Kerry, the river Blackwater, near Lis more, the county Waterford but after times, under the Fitzgeralds, earls Desmond, this territory was confined the baronies Bear and Bantry, and some other portions the south west Cork, together with that part Kerry south of the river Mang. The north-western part Kerry, with large portion Limerick, extending the Shannon, and comprising the present baronies Upper and Lower Conello, was called Iar Mumhan,
now called Castle-hill, townland Con, the barony Tyrawley.
A. Cill Naile, now Kinawley,
Tyrawley. Caerthanan,
the barony Knockninny, county Fermanagh, and partly Tullaghaw, county Cavan, called from St. Nall, Natalis, who founded mo
nastery there the sixth century.
Conacians could
torian, and chief poet Oriel, died.
Donal, son Donogh Docair Mac Guire, and
aid Mac William Murtogh (O'Conor),
Matthew Mac Conleagh, were slain Kil Naile'. Conor, son Bryan Carach O’Neill, was slain
1387.
parish partly
the west side
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by the English Dundalk.
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REIGN OF RICHARD II.
A. D. 1388.
171
force, and was soon engaged by some of O’Co
nor’s party, who activelyattacked him; at this ORMAC Mac Donogh, the time O'Conor himself came up, and gave orders valiant warrior and tanist of to his men not to kill him, if they could take him
Tirerrill (in Sligo), went by prisoner, but in this they did not succeed; and night to plunder Moylurg, at length he (Mac Donogh) was slain; and during where he committed great his life time none of his tribe had excelled him depredations; O'Conor Roe,
with the sons of Felim; the sons of Cathal Oge O’Con or; and the sons of Hugh Mac Dermott, namely, Ca thal and Conor, with their
forces, followed them in pursuit of their property; Cormac Mac Donogh took the rear of his own
West Munster. In the present article will be given the history and topography of the territories comprised in the present counties of Cork and Kerry, together with their chiefs and clans, and the possessionsof each, in ancient and modern times, compiled from the Annals of the Four Masters, the Books of Leacan and Ballymote, O'Heerin's Topography, O'Conor's Rerum Hib. Scrip. , the Disser tations of Charles O'Conor, O'Flaherty's Ogygia, O'Halloran's Ire land, O’Brien's Topographical Dictionary, Ware's works, Lodge's Peerage, the histories of Cork and Kerry by Smith, Windele's History of Cork, county surveys, and various other sources, to gether with the MSS. in the library of Sir William Betham.
This territory is connected with some of the earliest events in Irish history. Partholan the Scythian, who planted the first co lony in Ireland, according to our ancient annalists, sailed from
in hospitality and feats of arms; Conor Mac Do nogh, Murrogh, son of Cormac Mac Donogh, and
Mac Dermott Roe were taken prisoners after that and were kept as hostages, and O'Conor Roe pur sued the force across the mountain (the Curlews) northward, but the Mac Donoghs fled before him to Collooney, and the lower part of Tirerrill.
Murtogh, son of Donal, son of Murtogh O’Co
attempting to land was drowned at a place, named from him Inver Colpa, or the bay of Colpa, now the mouth of the Boyne, near Drogheda. The surviving sonsof Milesius, Heber, Heremon, and
Amergin, effected a landing at Inver Sgeine, now the bay of Ken mare, and soon after were attacked by the Tuath De Danans, and a great battle was fought between them at Slieve Mis Moun tain in Kerry, where the Danans were defeated. In this battle Scota, the relict of Milesius, who commanded along with her sons, was slain and buried in a valley adjoining the sea, near Tralee, called after her Gleann Scota, or the valley of Scota. The Milesians afterwards totally vanquished the Danans in a great battle at Tailten, in Meath, and thus becamemasters of Ireland. The Milesians, called Clanna Mileadh, or race of Milesius, and Clanna Gaodhal, that is Gadelians or Gaels, and Cineadh Scuit,
Greece through Muir Toirian (the ancient name of the Mediter or race of the Scythians, divided the island amongst them. He ranean), and landed on the coast of Ireland at Inver Sceine, now remon and his posterity, called Heremonians, possessed the king the bay of Kenmare in Kerry. After the colony of Partholanians doms of Meath, Leinster, and Connaught; the posterity of Heber
had becomeextinct by a plague, Neimedh, or Nemedius, another Scythian, sailed from the Euxine sea, and, arriving in Ireland,
settled a colony there called Nemedians, who fought many battles with the Fomorians or African pirates, who had settled in Ulster, as mentioned in the notes on Dalriada and Tir Connell. Neme
dius, together with three thousand of his people, died of the plague on an island called from him Oilean-Ard-Neimedh, now the island of Barrymore, or Great Island, near the city of Cork.
When the colony of Firbolgs subsequently took possession of Ireland, they divided the island into parts or provinces among the five brothers, who were their five principal commanders. Slainge possessed the territory from the place afterwards called Drogheda to Cumar-na-dtri-n Uisge, or the Meeting of the Three Waters, that is, the confluence of the rivers Suir, Nore, and Bar row at Waterford; to Gann belonged the country from the Meet ing of the Three Waters to Bealach Conglais, near the bay of Cork; Seangann possessed the country from Bealach Conglais to Luimneach or Limerick; Geannan had tha territory after wards called Connaught, from Luimneach to Drobhaois, that is from Limerick to Bundrowes, in the county of Leitrim, on the coast of the Atlantic ; and Rughridhe possessedthe country after wards called Ulster, from Drobhaois to the Boyne at Drogheda. The colony called the Tuath De Damans, as already explained in the notes on North and South Connaught, having conquered the Firbolgs, possessed Ireland for two hundred years. The Milesian
Fionn, or Heber the Fair, named Heberians, had Munster; and the descendants of another Heber, who was son of Ir, had Ulster,
and were called Irians or Clanna Rory, and sometimes Rudricians. The arrival of the colonies of Partholanians, Nemedians, Fomorians, Firbolgs, and Danans, in Ireland, is placed by our old chrono logers from twelve to fifteen centuries before the Christian era; and the arrival of the Milesians about a thousand years before the Christian era. The Fomorians are mentioned by our ancient an nalists amongst the first inhabitants of Ireland, and stated to have been African pirates, descendants of Ham, and represented as a race of giants, being men of great strength and stature, which exactly corresponds with the accounts of ancient writers, who frequently mention the giant race of Ham. (See article Ama lekites in London Penny Cyclopedia). These Fomorians are considered to have been some of the Phenicians and Canaanites who were expelled from Palestine and the land of Canaan, by Joshua, about fifteen hundred years before the Christian era, and who made settlements on the northern coasts of Lybia or Africa, and, being expert navigators, sailed to Iberia or Spain, and other northern nations. A remarkable record of the expulsion of the Phenicians from the land of Canaan, and of their settlement in Africa, is given by the historian Procopius, who was himself a native of Palestine, and wrote in the sixth century. He was secretary to the Roman general Belisarius, and in his account of the wars of the Vandals in Africa, states that in his own time there were near the fountain of the Magi, at Tangier, two marble
columns, with inscriptions in the Phenician language, to the fol
lowing effect:-"We fly from the face of Joshua the robber, the son of Nun. ” These Fomorians were of the same stock as the
Phenicians, and Tyrians, who in after times settled colonies in Africa, and founded Carthage, and also Gades, or Cadiz, in Ibe
ria or Spain, and were celebrated for their commercial inter course with various ancient nations, as Greece, Italy, Spain, Gaul,
Z2
colony from Spain, originally Celts or Scythians, of whom an ac count has been given in the note on South Connaught, with a large fleet and powerful force, commanded by the sons of Milesius, sailed for Ireland, and while attempting to land, a violent storm occurred, and two of the sons were drowned off the coast of Kerry, namely, Heber Donn, at a place called from him Teach Doinn, and
Ir, at the rocks of Skellig; another of the sons called Colpa-an Chloidhimh, or Colpa the Swordsman, was driven eastward, and
172 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1388.
nor made an attack on O’Donnell's camp, in the slew many persons, among whom were the sons of neighbourhood of Eas Roe (Ballyshannon), and O'Boyle and O'Gallagher, with their kinsmen; he
and Britain, and no doubt some of them sailed to Ireland, and Kian. Eogan More, the celebrated king Munster the second most probably settled colonies there in early ages. On the Ber century, had his wife Bera, the Spanish princess, son named
circumstances seem to coincide with the statements of our old annalists, about the settlement of the colony called Fomorians in
Ireland in the early ages, of whom some accounts have been al
ready given in the notes on Dalriada, Tir Connell, and South
Connaught. That somepeople of Phenician origin traded to Ire the Psalter Cashel, and the Book Munster, says that his first land, and probably settled colonies there, has been a general opi queen was Samhair, daughter Fionn Mac Cumhaill, the cele nion amongst our ablest antiquarians. The ancient territory called
Fear Muighe Feine, which now forms the barony of Fermoy,
with the half barony of Condons, in the county of Cork, got
name, stated O'Brien's Dictionary the word Fearmuighe,
from being peopled the early ages Phenicians; hence
the word Fir Muighe Feine signifies the Men the Plain the
Phenicians, which O'Brien translates into Latin, Viri campi
Pheniorum, and considers them have been colony the
Gaditanian Phenicians from Gades, now Cadiz Spain; and
Dr. Charles O'Conor, his edition the Annals Inisfallen,
was also opinion that colony Phenicians Celtiberians Swedes, &c. these early ages, remarkable; but, according from Spain settled those parts; and the learned Spaniard, Dr. our ancient annalists, intercourse and marriage alliances, Joachim Villaneuva, his Hibernia Phenicea, maintains the same more remote times, were formed between the Irish kings, and opinion. At Glanworth, the barony Fermoy, and the those Spain, Gaul, and Scandinavia. Eogan More, king parishes Templebrian and Templeomalus, are the remains
Cromleacs and Druidical Temples, consisting stones enor
mous size, supposed monuments erected the Phenicians;
according others, by Mogruth, celebrated Druid, who got possession the territory Fermoy from Fiach, king Munster the third century, reward for his bravery assisting Fiach
several battles, and also for his extraordinary skill music. Large stones, with Ogham inscriptions, have been discovered,
various times, the counties Cork, Kerry, Limerick and Clare,
bers, who were the most ancient inhabitants of northern Africa, Oilioll Olum, who became king Munster; and Oilioll had three and descendantsof the Canaanites, Philistines, and Amalekites, sons, Eogan, Cormac Cas, and Cian. From Eogan were descended who were expelled from Canaan by Joshua, some curious and in the Eoganachts Eugenians; from Cormac Cas the Dal Cais, teresting information may be found in the articles on the Berbers Dalcassians; and from Cian the Clan Kian. The chief families and Amalekites, in the London Penny Cyclopedia, and various
accounts which, the learned antiquaries Abel, Horgan, Windele, O'Flanagan, &c. may Notices Cork, &c.
Cork, Messrs. found Windele's
land the first century, was married Dervorgal, daughter the king Lochlin, Denmark. Tuathal Teachtmar, monarch Ireland the second century, was married Bania, daughter the king Denmark and Finland. Feilimidh Reachtmar, mo narch Ireland, son Tuathal, was married Ughna, daughter
Cyclopean Architecture. —Of that massive rude architecture composed large stones without cement, and forming walls and
fortresses immense strength, there are many remains Ireland,
resembling the Cyclopean architecture ancient Greece and
Etruria, such the fortresses Aileach Donegal, and Dun
Aonguis, one the Arran Isles, off the coast Galway, al Niall the Nine Hostages, monarch Ireland. This Carinna ready described the notes Tirconnell and South Connaught. called the Irish writers Carthan Cais Dubh, Carthan the The Cyclopean fortress Knockfennell Limerick, and that Beloved, the Dark Hair. Eogan, son Niall the Hostages, Cahir Conree Kerry, have been described the note Tho and progenitor the O'Neills, princes Tyrone, was married mond. At Cahirdonnell, the parish Kilcrohane, county
Kerry, are the remains large Cyclopean fortress, but the most remarkable specimen Cyclopean architecture Ireland that
Indorba the Fair, Saxon princess; and Murtogh O'Brien, king
called Staigue Fort, situated also hill near the bay Kenmare.
ment, but admirable architecture,
internal area about ninety feet diameter, the walls eighteen feet high and thirteen feet thick, doorway opening the interior;
the outside broad and deep fosse surrounds the entire building. full account Staigue Fort, given by Mr. Bland the year 1821, may seen the 14th volume the Transactions the
Royal Irish Academy; and there model the fort the Royal Dublin Society House. That Ireland has been peopled from the
most remote ages there exists abundant evidence over the entire country. every county, and almost every parish, are found some memorials, such remains Cromleacs, Druidical temples, round towers, cairns, sepulchral mounds, Cyclopean fortresses, raths, and other antiquities, the histories which, and even their traditions, are long lost the night time.
The Heberians were the chief Munster Milesians, already
explained the note Thomond, and were divided into three great branches, namely, the Dalcassians, Eugenians, and Clan
Munster daughter Saxon king
The race stated
the eleventh century, had for his second wife Driella,
Godwin, earl Kent, and sister Harold, the last England.
Heber, Heberians, and the race Ith, Ithians, the note Thoinond, alternately ruled kings of
the parish Kilcrohane, built stones, without ce
circular form, and the
the early ages, before the Christian era. The Ithians
the Dalcassians, Eugenians, and Clan Kian, have been mentioned the note Thomond, which may referred order save repetition their names this place. Cormac Cas Cais, sig nifying Cormac the Beloved, the progenitor the Dalcassians, was
king Munster, and celebrated warrior. O'Halloran, quoting
brated hero, who was general the Fenian forces, and his second
queen Oriund, daughter the king Lochlin, Denmark,
whom had son called Mogha Corb, who became king Munster the third century, and was celebrated warrior. He invaded Denmark with powerful force support his maternal uncles contest the crown that country, and after gaining some victories, succeeded placing his uncles, Osmaand Airid, the throne Denmark, stated the Psalter Cashel and other ancient annalists. The intercourse between the Irish and the Scandinavians, northern nations, the Danes, Norwegians,
Munster the second century, father Cormac Cas, was married the Spanish princess Bera, daughter Heber, king Castile. Eochaid, king the Firbolgs many centuries before the Christian
era, was married Tailte, daughter Magh Mor, king the Cel tiberians Spain Ugaine Mor, monarch Ireland nearly four
centuries before the Christian era, was married Ceasair, daugh ter the king Gaul. Lughaidh Riabhdearg, monarch Ire
the king Denmark, whom had son, Con Cead Cathach, Con the Hundred Battles, the celebrated monarch Ireland the second century. Eochaidh Muighmeadhain, monarch
Ireland the fourth century, was married Carinna, either British Saxon princess, whom had son, the celebrated
Munster
were called descendants Ith, son Breogain, and uncle
Milesius, and were also called Clanna Breogain,
Breogain. The Clanna Breogain are mentioned
writers, under the name Brigantes. The race
the Map Ancient Ireland Charles O'Conor,
Cork, and called him Lughadii, descended from Lugaidh, the
son of Ith.
has been given that part
list of the chief families of Ithians, Lugadians,
the note Thomond. They were chiefly located Cork called Corca Luighe, which got its name
from the above-mentioned Lughaid, and, according O'Brien, explained the words Cairbre and Cobtach, comprised large territory the south west Cork, extending from Bandon
Crookhaven, and the bay Kenmare, including the present baronies Carbery, Bear and Bantry.
The Clanna Deagha Degadians, branch the Heremonians
descended from various Latin
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took Mac Sweeney and his son prisoners, whom he took with him, together with some property, horses, arms, and armour; and the Clan Mur
of Ulster, settled in Munster a short time before the Christian era, and the chief families descended from them have been mentioned
in the note on Thomond. They possessed that part of Kerry and Limerick called West Munster, which also had the nameof the province of Conrigh Mac Daire, being possessedby that celebrated warrior and his posterity, of whom an account has been given in the note on Thomond. The Degadians, under the name of Degadii, are placed in Charles O'Conor's map in the west of Kerry, and considered by him to be the same as the Udaei who are placed on Ptolemy's map about the same territory, the word Udaei being formed from the Ua Deagaidh of the Irish writers.
map they are placed in the southern and central parts of Cork and Kerry, and called Iberi australes or southern Iberians, to distin
guish them from the Irians of Ulster, whom he designates northern Iberians. The Irians or Iberians of Munster are considered to be the same as the Velabri, Iberi, Juverni, and Uterni, given on
togh (O'Conors) turned against O’Donnell on that occasion.
John Roe O'Tuathail, lord of Hy Murray (in
the mouth the Shannon, Mare Brendanicum, the sea Brendan. Cork and Kerry are frequently mentioned by various writers under the names the kingdoms Cork and Kerry.
Kings the race the Dalcassians and Eugenians alternately ruled over Munster, from the third the eleventh century; but while king each race governed turns the whole Munster,
king the Dalcassian race ruled over Thomond, and king the Eugenian race over Desmond. few the remarkable events Desmond, from the fourth the twelfth century, may be here mentioned.
given Ventry,
320. The Scandinavians, Gauls, Saxons, and other foreigners, with powerful forces, invaded Ireland, and fought many great battles with the natives Ulster and Meath, which Hanmer describes; and another powerful force these foreigners, attempting land
REIGN OF RICHARD II. 173
The Irians, Clanna Rory, or Rudricians of Ulster, settled in
Munster in the first century, and the chief families of them have
been mentioned in the note on Thomond. On Charles O'Conor's fought the beginning the fourth century, about
The Battle of Ventry. Hanmer's Chronicle, collected
chiefly from the ancient record called the Book Howth,
an account the battle Fentra Munster, that
Wentry Kerry, were opposed by the Irish, and both sides the maps of Ptolemy and other geographers. According to Dr. having fought desperately for the space sevendays, the slaughter
O'Conor they are the same as the Siol Eibhir, that is the race of was great that the sea shore was dyed red with the blood
Heber or Heberians of the Irish writers, and according to others are supposed to be a colony of Iberians from Spain. The Lucenii are placed on Ptolemy's map in these parts of Kerry and Limerick
towards the Shannon. These Lucenians are supposed to be a colony of the Luceni of Spain, who, according to Smith, are placed
by Strabo in Galicia and Cantabria, and said to be of Scythian origin, which corresponds with the accounts of our ancient annal ists, who make the Milesians originally a colony from Scythia. According to Smith the barony of Lixnaw is considered to have derived its name from the Lucenians. The Gangani or Concani of Spain, also stated by Strabo to have been Scythians, are given by Ptolemy as the ancient inhabitants of the territories now forming the counties of Clare and Galway, a colony of them having come from Spain in remote ages. From the Concanians of Galway some antiquaries suppose that Connaught derived name. The Cori ondoi are placed Ptolemy's map
the slain. After the foreigners effected landing, many terrific battles were fought almost incessantly during whole year, but
finally the invaders were vanquished, and enormous number them slain the various conflicts. This battle has beencelebrated
by the Irish writers under the name Cath Fion Tragha, and some ancient MSS. the subject still remain. the ninth and tenth centuries the Danes and Norwegians overran Munster, they did various other parts Ireland, and settled colonies the cities Waterford, Limerick, and Cork. An account various victories gained over the Danes by Brian Boru and Ceallachan, king Cashel, has been given the note Thomond. Ceal lachan, celebrated warrior the Eugenian race, was king Cashel the tenth century, and having defeated the Danes several battles, Sitric, king the Danes Dublin, with his brothers Tor and Magnus, having proposed peace with the people Munster, with an offer give marriage Ceallachan their sister Beibhion, an accomplished princess, the proposals alliance being accepted Ceallachan, prepared Dub lin meet his intended bride, but his arrival there his party were treacherously attacked and defeated the Danes, who took Ceallachan prisoner, together with Dunchuan, son Cineide, king
Thomond, the entire proceedings the part the Danes being
conspiracy get Ceallachan, their formidable enemy, into their
power. The Munster chiefs, order redeem their king from captivity, collected powerful force, amongst whom were two thousand Dalcassians, and three thousand Eugenians, com manded Donogh O'Keeffe, prince Fermoy O'Sullivan, prince Beara; the O'Conors Kerry; O'Driscolls; O'Moriartys; O'Flynns O'Felans, and other chiefs Munster, aided one thousand the Connaught forces, under the O’Haras, O'Garas, Mac Coghlans, and others; the entire, stated, amounting
twelve thousand men, the chief commander the Euge nians being O’Keeffe; and Cineidi, king Thomond, with his brothers Congalach, Cosgrach, and Lonargan, commanded the Dalcassians. They also had large naval force under O’Falvey, hereditary admiral Desmond, who equipped thirty ships; O'Conor Kerry, twenty ships; O'Driscoll, O'Cobhtaich, and O'Flynn, armed and manned ten ships each the Mac Namaras, O'Conors, and O'Loghlins Clare, sent twenty ships; and from Corca Baiscin, Clare, came twenty more, making all one hun dred and twenty sail. The army, which proceeded land, marched through Connaught and Ulster Armagh, which city was then
possession the Danes, and whither they brought Ceallachan prisoner, order put him board their fleet Dundalk, and send him Denmark; the Irish attacked Armagh by the pro
jection large stones from machines, together with arrows, darts, slings, and other missiles, and applying scaling ladders the
and considered Smith and others
Coritani of Britain, who inhabited
ties Lincoln, Leicester, and Northampton, and, according
Camden, these Coritanians fled Ireland about the first century, consequence the conquest Britain the Romans From
the great intercourse between Spain and the south Ireland the early ages, there much the Spanish blood Munster, particularly the counties Kerry, Limerick, and Cork; and
the tenth and eleventh centuries colonies the Danes settled the cities of Waterford, Limerick, and Cork, and continued there down the English invasion, there much the Danish race those cities mixed intermarriages with the old Irish.
Cork, Latin Corcagia, and also Coracium, got name, ac cording O'Brien, the word Corca, and also according other authorities, from Corca Corcach, which signifies marsh, the city Cork was originally founded marshy ground, but accord ing others the name was derived from Corc, prince the Euge nian race, who was king Munster the fourth century.
gus Mac Roy, by Meava, the celebrated queen Connaught,
short time before the Christian era. This Fergus, king Ulster, was the race Ir, and hence his descendants were Irians Clanna Rory. His son Ciar, the first century, got possession
large territory Munster, called from him Ciar Rioghacht, sig nifying Ciar's kingdom; hence came the word Ciaraidhe,
written the Book Armagh, Ciarrichi, anglicised Kerry.
the old ecclesiastical writers Kerry was called St. Brendan's country, from Brendan, celebrated saint the sixth century, who founded many monasteries there, and several places Kerry still bear his name, amongst others Brendan Brandon mountain and Camden calls that part the Atlantic the coast Kerry,
Rerry, Latin Kerrigia, got name from Ciar, son Fer
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174 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1388.
Wicklow), the most distinguished of his tribe for own fortress, and the bodach (clown) who slew hospitality and feats of arms, was slain by a pea him, was immediately put to death.
sant of his own clan, within the precincts of his
walls; the Danes, under Sitric, were at length defeated with great slaughter, and having evacuated the city by night, they marched
off towards Dundalk and embarked their forces in their fleet, which lay in that bay. The Irish pursued them, and O’Keeffe, sending a
The sons of O’Cuirmin,' Siodhraidh, Carbre,
“Heroes of Munster of the fortress of the Shannon, Are the race of Eogan, the son of Oilioll,
Mac Carthy the mainstay of its tributes,
Is like an unceasing stormy wave. ”
flag of truce, demanded of Sitric the princes Ceallachan and Dun
chuan, who were his prisoners, but the Danes returned for answer
that the prisoners would not be restored until an eric was first
paid for the Danes who fell in fifteen different battles with Ceal
lachan and his forces; and Sitric ordered Ceallachan to be bound
to the mast of his own ship, and Dunchuan in like manner on the
king of Norway's ship, in view of the whole Munster army. The
Irish were enraged at this sight, but their land forces had no means
of attacking the enemy; shortly after, however, O'Falvey, the
Irish admiral, appeared in sight, and drawing up his ships in an
extended line, prepared for action. A desperate engagementen the Mac Carthys, kings of Desmond, to reside there for com sued, and the Irish commanders grappled with, and boarded the
Danish vessels; both sides fought with great fury, but O'Falvey
at length succeeded in releasing Ceallachan, and, giving him one of
his own swords, bade him take the command. The Irish, animated
by seeing their prince at liberty, fought with renewed vigour; but
the valiant O'Falvey at length fell pierced by many wounds, and
his head was immediately displayed on the mast of Sitric's ship.
Fingal, a chief who was second in command to O'Falvey, animat
ing the Irish, the fight was continued with great fury on both
sides, but at length Fingal, encompassed by the Danes, and seeing
his own death certain, seized on Sitric by a sudden grasp, and
having jumped with him in his arms overboard, both were
instantly drowned. Conal and Sioda, chiefs of the Clareforces, who
were engaged with the ships commanded by Tor and Magnus,
brothers of Sitric, following the example of Fingal, grasped the
Danish chiefs in their arms, and leaped with them in like manner
into the deep. O'Conor Kerry slew oneof the Danish commanders and other Anglo-Norman and English settlers, and held their in singie combat, and cut off his head, but while holding it up in
triumph, he was himself killed by another Dane. The Danish forces were at length totally defeated, and their fleet destroyed,
but almost the whole of the Irish chiefs and men engaged in that
fierce contest, were also slain. This great sea fight in the bay of A. D. 1565, by Queen Elizabeth; the other branch, called Mac
Dundalk took place A. D. 944, according to O'Halloran and other
authorities. Copies of the ancient Irish MSS. giving accounts of
the battles of Ventry and Dundalk, are to be found in the library
of Sir William Betham. That respecting the battles of the Mun
ster forces with the Danes, is entitled Toruigheacht Cheallachain parts of Cork and Kerry. According to Windele, the Miac Chaisil, signifying The Pursuit for the recovery of Ceallachan
Cashel, which would be well worth having translated and published. The great battle of Moin Mor in Cork, fought in the twelfth century, A. D. 1151, between the Connaught, Leinster, and Des
mond forces on one side, and the Dalcassians on the other, has been described in the note on Thomond.
The Eugenians ruled as kings over Desmond, and the Dalcassian kings over Thomond, and from each race, as already explained in
Carthy More was inaugurated at Lisban-maeuhir in Kerry, at which ceremony presided O'Sullivan Mor and O’Donoghoe Mor;
the note on Thomond, was alternately elected a king of all Mun ster, which mode of government in Munster continued from the third to the eleventh century, when Brian Boru, of the Dalcassian race, became king of Munster and monarch of Ireland, and his descendants the O'Briens were kings of Munster and kings of Thomond, and the Mac Carthys, who were the head of the Euge nian race, were kings and princes of Desmond.
his captains of war were the O'Rourkes, probably a branch of the O'Rourkes, princes of Brefney; the Mac Egans were his heredi tary Brehons, and the O'Daly's and O'Duinins were his hereditary poets and antiquaries. There are still in the counties of Cork and Kerry many highly respectable families of the Mac Carthys, and several of the name have been distinguished commanders in the Irish Brigades, in the service of France and Spain. The following accounts of chiefs and clans in Desmond, or the counties of Cork and Kerry, and the territories possessed by each in ancient and modern times, have been collected from O'Heerin's Topography, O’Brien, O'Halloran, Smith's histories of Cork and Kerry, and various other sources.
I. O’Suilleabhain or O'Sullivan. The O'Sullivans had the ancient territory of Beara, now the baronies of Beare and Bantry, in the county of Cork, and were called O'Sullivan Beara, and styled princes of Beara. Another branch of the family called O'Sullivan Mor were lords of Dunkerron, and possessed the ba rony of Dunkerron, in the county of Kerry, and their chief seat was the castle of Dunkerron, near the river Kenmare. A third branch of the O'Sullivans were chiefs of Knockraffan, in Tipperary, of whom an account is given in the note on Ormond. The O'Sul livans are of the Eugenian race of the same descent as the Mac Carthys, princes of Desmond, and took their name from Suileabh an, one of their chiefs in the tenth century. As princes of Beara they held a high rank in ancient times in the county of Cork,
The Mac Carthys, in Irish Mac Carthaidh or Mac Cairthy, and pronounced like Mac Carha or Mac Cawra, took their name from Carthach or Cairthe oneof their ancestors, a prince of Desmond in the eleventh century, son of Justin, king of Munster, who was grandson to Ceallachan, king of Cashel. Of the Mac Carthy's in early times some accounts may be found in the Annals of Inis fallen. The Mac Carthys of the twelfth century are thus desig nated in the topographical poem of O'Heerin:-
“Flaithe Mumhan muir Sionna Siol Eogain mic Oiliolla,
Mac Carthaidh cuing a cana, Mar thuind ansaidh etragha. ”
On the English invasion, when king Henry II. landed at Waterford, in October A. D. 1171, Dermod Mac Carthy, king of Desmond,
waited on him the day after his arrival, delivered to him the keys of the city of Cork, and did him homage. According to Mac Geo ghegan, this Dermod Mac Carthy, in the year 1185, was, together with all his retinue, treacherously slain at a conference held with Theobald Fitzwalter, and the English of Cork. At the time of the English invasion, the Danes were in possession of the city of Cork and the adjoining districts, being permitted by
mercial purposes. In A. D. 1174, the forces of Strongbow and Raymond le Gros having plundered various parts of Waterford and Cork, dispatched the booty to Waterford by sea, under the com mand of Adam de Hereford ; the Danes of Cork equipped thirty five vessels, and attacked the English fleet at Dungarvan, but after a severe engagement they lost the victory, chiefly through
the valour of Philip Walsh, who boarded the admiral's ship, and killed Gilbert, the son of Turgesius, the Danish commander. A. D. 1177, King Henry II. granted to Robert Fitzstephen and
Milo de Cogan, for the service of sixty knights, to himself and his son John and their heirs, the whole kingdom of Cork or Des mond, with the exception of the city of Cork, and the adjoining cantreds, which belonged to the Ostmen or Danes of that city, which the king reserved to hold in his own hands. The Mac Carthy's maintained long contests for their independence with the Fitzgeralds, earls of Desmond, the Butlers, earls of Ormond,
titles, as princes of Desmond, with considerable possessions, down to the reign of Elizabeth. They were divided into two great
branches, the head of which was Mac Carthy More, of whom
Donal Mac Carthy was created earl of Glencare or Clancare,
Carthy Reagh, were styled princes of Carbery. Besides the earls
of Clancare, the Mac Carthy's were also created at various periods barons of Valentia, earls of Clancarthy, earls of Muskerry, and
earls of Mountcashel, and had several strong castles in various
2.
REIGN OF RICHARD II. 175
and Gillpatrick, were slain by the English of Great depredations were committed by O'Conor Leinster. Roe and Mac Dermott on O'Conor Don, in con
and had several strong castles, the chief of which were was the magnificent castle of Kanturk. V. O'Mathghamhna or those of Dunboy, Ardea, and Carriganas. In the reign of O’Mahony. The O'Mahony's are given by O'Heerin as chiefs of
James I. their extensive possessions were confiscated, in conse quence of their adherence to the earls of Desinond and Tyrone in the Elizabethian wars, and the heads of the family retired to Spain, where many of them were distinguished officers in the Spanish service, and had the title of Counts of Bearhaven. II. O'Heidir sceoil or O'Driscoll, head of the Ithian race, was chief or prince of Corcaluighe, otherwise called Cairbreacha, comprising ancient Carbery, an extensive territory in the south-west of Cork. Ano ther branch of the O'Driscolls were lords of Beara, now the ba ronies of Beare and Bantry, in the county of Cork, of which they were the original possessors, but the O'Sullivans in after times be came the possessors of this territory as above stated. The O'Dris colls of the twelfth century are designated in O'Heerin's topogra
phical poem, in terms which may be thus translated
“To the race of Luighee along the shore, I now proceed beyond the bounds,
To pass the tribe is not meet for me, But to record the warriors’ fame.
“O’Driscoll, head chief of the land Of Corealuighee, I treat of now,
Hy Eachach, and also of Kinel m-Beice; the latter is now the barony of Kinal meaky, in the county of Cork, and Hy Eachach is in modern times called Ivaugh, which, according to Smith, com prises the whole peninsula in the barony of West Carbery, extend ing from Bally dehob to the bay of Dunmanus. O'Brien and O'Hailoran give the territory Kinel Aodha as possessed by the O'Mahonys, which is now the barony of Kinnalea, in the county of Cork; andO'Brien in his Dictionary, at the word Mathghabbain, states that the O'Mahonys, who were a branch of the Eugenian race, had a large territory in Muskerry, south of the river Lee, in the county of Cork, and also another territory called Tiobrad, in the county of Kerry; and the O'Mahony's are placed on the map of Ortelius, in the west of Kerry, opposite the island of Valentia.
He took possessionof the coasts of Cleire, The fittest headland for the princely lord.
“ O'Driscoll of the wealthy Beara,
Rules over the land of the salmon coast, A blue water shore abounding in harbours,
Exhibiting to view large fleets of wine. ”
The O'Driscolls had the island of Capeclear, alluded to in the poem, and the territory about the bay of Baltimore, and, accord ing to Smith, had a part of Iveragh in Kerry. They had castles at Dunashad and Dunalong near Baltimore, the castle of Duna more on Capeclear island, and others. There are still several respectable families of the O'Driscolls in the county of Cork. III. O'Caoinh or O'Keeffe, is given by O'Heerin as chief of Glan Amh ain and of Urluachra. Gleanamhain, according to O'Brien, is now Glanworth, in the barony of Fermoy, county of Cork; they had also afterwardis a large territory in the barony of Duhallow, known by the nameof E°obal O’Keeffe. In ancient times the O'Keeffes had the territory of Fearmuighe Feine, now the barony of Fermoy, in the county of Cork, which afterwards was possessedby the Anglo Norman family of Roche, viscounts of Fermoy, and called Roche's country. The O’Dugans and O’Coscraighs were also ancient chiefs in Fermoy. They are thus designated by O'Heerin:—
“Chief of Fermoy of enclosed fortresses, Is O'Dugan of Dunmanann,
A tribe of the Gaels of precious jewels; O’Keeffe is chief of Glen Avon.
“O’Keeffe of the handsomebrown brows, Chief of Urluachra of the fertile lands, The inheritor of the hospitable country,
Which resembled in beauty the fair plains of Meath. ”
The O'Keeffes were in ancient times marshals and chief military leaders of Desmond, and were styled princes of Fermoy. They had several castles, the chief of which were those of Dro magh and Duaragil. There are still several respectable families of the O'Keeffes, in the county of Cork. I'v. Mac Domnocha or Mac Donogh, of whom an account is given in O'Brien's Dictionary at the word Donnoch, was chief of Duhalia, now the barony of Duhallow, in the county of Cork. The Mac Donaghs were a branch of the Mac Carthys, and powerful chiefs; they were styled princes of Duhallow, and their chief residence
“Ivaugh, the most western part of Banba (Ireland),
Is the great estate of O'Mahony,
The well watered lands of fair fortresses, Extensive are the brown-nut-producing plains.
“Kinnalmeaky of the pleasant fields
About Bandon, of the fair woods,
The most warlike chief, in victory supreme, Is O'Mahony of the white foaming coast. ”
The O'Mahonys had several castles, as those of Rosbrin, Ardin tenant, Blackcastle, Ballydesmond, Dunbeacan, Dunmanus, Ring mahon, &c. , all along the sea coast. There are several respectable families of the O'Mahonys in the counties of Cork and Kerry, and many of the name, styled counts O’Mahony have beenhighly dis tinguished commanders in the Irish brigades in the service of France and Spain. VI. O’Ceallachain or O'Callaghans, given by O'Heerin as chiefs of Clair Beire, and of Kinel Aodha. Accord ing to O'Brien and O'Halloran, the territory of the O'Callaghans was called Pobul O’Callaghan, signifying O'Callaghan's people,
and extended from Mallow westward, on both sides of the Black water, in the barony of Duhallow, county of Cork, and comprised, according to Smith, the present parishes of Clonmeen and Kil shannick, an extensive territory containing about fifty thousand acres. The O'Callaghans mentioned by O'Heerin were chiefs in Kinel Aodha, now the barony of Kinnalea, and of Clar Beire, which signifies the plain of Beara, a district situated in the barony of Beare, both in the county of Cork. They are thus mentioned in the poem of O'Heerin:—
“Ar Chenel Aedha an fuinn te, O’Ceallachain Clair Beire, Fonn glaislinde co grian geal,
Fiadh is fairsinge inbhear. ”
“Over Kinnalea of the fertile lands,
Rules O'Callaghan of the plain of Beara,
A land of blue waters and bright sunshine, The country of the most expanded bay. ”
The O'Callaghans are of the Eugenian race, and took their name from their ancestor Ceallachan Cashel, the celebrated king of Munster in the tenth century, and accounts of them may be found in the Annals of Inisfallen and the Four Masters. The O'Callaghans, lords of Clonmeen, were in former times very powerful chiefs, and had their chief residenceat the castle of Clonmeen, the ruins of which still remain on a rock near the river Blackwater. Accord ing to O'Brien, at the word Pobul, the chief of the O'Callaghans was transplanted into the county of Clare, by Cromwell where he gave him a considerable property at Kilcorney, in lieu of his an cient estates. O'Brien mentions baron Louis Dennis O'Callaghan. grand Venuer to his Serene Highness the Prince Margrave of
:-
O'Mahonys powerful chiefs,
and were sometimes
The
styled princes.
were
They are thus designated by O’Heerin:—
176 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1388.
sequence of which great commotion ensued in Connaught; and Mac Donogh burned Moylurg on account of these depredations.
Baden-Baden, and some of them were also distinguished officers in the French service. There are several highly respectable families of the O'Callaghans in the county of Cork, and a branch of them in Tipperary are viscounts of Lismore.