The original appel-
lation, however, finally prevailed, aa we find it so desig-
nated in Hierocies and the fenperial Notitiffi, at which
period it had become the chief town of Cilicia Secunda.
lation, however, finally prevailed, aa we find it so desig-
nated in Hierocies and the fenperial Notitiffi, at which
period it had become the chief town of Cilicia Secunda.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
, and was introduced to So-
lon by his countryman Toxaris. On sending in word
that a Scythian was at the door, and requested his
friendship, Solon replied that friends were best made
at home. "Then let Solon, who is at home, make
me his friend," was the smart retort of Anacharsis;
and, struck by its readiness, Solon not only admitted
him, but, finding him worthy of his confidence, favour-
ed him with his advice and friendship. Ho accord-
ingly resided some years at Athens, and was the first
stranger whom the Athenians admitted to the honours
of citizenship. He then travelled into other countries,
and finally returned to Scythia, with a view to com-
municate to his countrymen the information he had re-
ceived, and to introduce among them the laws and re-
ligion of Greece. The attempt was, however, unsuc-
cessful; for the Scythians were not only indisposed to
receive them, but it is said that Anacharsis was killed
by an arrow, from the king, his brother's, own hand,
who detected him performing certain rites in a wood,
before an image of Cybcle. Great respect, however,
was paid to him after death, which is not unusual.
Anacharsis was famous for a manly and nervous kind
of language, which was called, from his country, Scy-
thian eloquence. The apophthegms attributed to him
are shrewd, and better worth quoting than many of the
ancient saws, which are often indebted for their celeb-
rity much more to their antiquity than to their wisdom.
His repartee to an Athenian, who reproached him with
the barbarism of his country, is well known: "My
country is a disgrace to me, but you are a disgrace to
your country. " Strabo tells us, from an old historian,
that Anacharsis invented the bellows, the anchor, and
the potter's wheel: but this account is very doubtful,
as Pliny, Seneca (Epist. , 90), Diogenes Laertius. and
Suidas, who likewise speak of the inventions ascribed
to that philosopher, mention only the last two: while
Strabo, moreover, remarks that the potter's wheel is
noticed in Homer. (Beckman's History of Invention*,
vol. 1, p. 104 --Compare Bitter's Vorhalle. p. 237
and 262. ) The epistles which bear the name of Ana-
charsis, and which were published in Greek and Latin,
at Paris, 1552, are unequivocally spurious. They arc
supposed to have been produced at a later period, in
the school of the sophists. (Gorton's Biogr. Diet. ,
? ? vol. 1, p. 72. -- Enfield's History of Philosophy, vol.
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? ANA
Aognawas colonized by Drusus. (Front. , de Cot. )
rnm Tacitus (Hw*. , 3, 62) we learn, that it was the
tothplace of Valens, a. general of Vitcllius, and the
duef supporter of his partv. The Latin way was
joined near this city by the Via Prasnestina, which
from that circumstance ? \v:ix called Corapitum Anag-
mnum. _ (Cramer's A. nc. Italy, vol. 2, p. 79, seqg. )
Axtlns, a goddess of" Armenia, who appears to be'
Ae same with the Venus of the western nations. |
She is identical also with the goddess of Nature, wor-
shipped among the Persians. (Creuser, Symfiolik,
TO), 2, p, 27. ) The temple of Anaitis, in Armenia,
stood in the district of Acilisene, in the angle between i
the northern and southern branches of the" Euphrates.
She was worshipped also in Zela, a city of Pontus,
and in Comana (. Crenver, 1. e. ) As regards the
origin of the name itself, much difference of opinion
exists. Von Hammer (Fundgr. its Or. , vol. 3, p.
175) derives it from the Persian Anahid, the name
of the morning star, and of the female genius that di-
rects with her lyre the harmony of the spheres. Ack-
ofeUd, on the other hand (Lellre au Cheval. Italinski,
kc-. Rom. , 1817), referring to Clemens Alexandrinus,
(Pmtrtptr. , 5, p. 57) and Eustathius (ad Dionys.
ffritf. , v. 845), where mention is made of an 'A^po-
fin|Troa>>c, and a Tavat-rif, and also to the Phoenician
Tatar, asserts, that the true name of the goddess in
question was Tovoirtc (corrupted in most passages
of ihe ancient writers into *Av<z/r(c), and that the root
ii Taut, the appellation of an Asiatic goddess, who
is at one time confounded with Diana, and at another
with Minerva. (Compare also the Egyptian Neith
with the article prefixed, A-neith, and 'Avfinr, another
fonn of the name Anaitis, as appearing in Plutarch,
Vit. Artaien. , c. 27. ) Silvestre de Sacy, however
(Jmtnul. i. Son. JaiUet, 1817, p. 439), in opposition
to Ackerblad, remarks, that the Persians, most indu-
bitably, call the planet Venus Anahiil or Nahid, and
that the name Anaitis is evidently derived from this
? onree: he observes, moreover, that Tavairtc is it-
self a false reading. --The temple of the goddess Anai-
tis bad a large tract of land set apart for its use, and
a great number of male and female slaves to cultivate
it (IcfxAav^joi), It was famed for its riches, and it
was from this sacred edifice that Antony, in his Par-
thian expedition, carried off a statue of the goddess
of solid gold. (Plin. , 33, 4. ) The commercial rela-
tions which subsisted between the Armenians and
other countries, caused the worship of Anaitis to be
spread orer other lands, and hence we read of its hav-
in? been introduced into Persia, Media, Bactria, &c.
(Compare Strabo, 535, and Heyne, de Sacerdotio Co-
ntfnfnri, t* Nov. Comment. Sot. Scient. Getting:, 16,
p. 117, seijq) Artaxerxes Mnemon is said to have
been the first that introduced the worship of Anaitis
into Susa, Babylon, and Ecbatana. (Clemens Alex-
<<wfr-. , Protrcptr. , p. 57, ed. Potter. -- Creuzer't Sym-
tofefc, vol. 2. p. 26, seqq. )
Ax>>)(iEE3, a Gallic tribe, in Gallia Cispadana, to
the south of the Po, and at the foot of the Apennines. '?
They occupied what is now a part of the modern Duchy
of Parma. (Polyb. , 2, 32. )
AwIpHE, one of the Sporades, northeast of Thera.
ft was said to have been made to rise by thunder from
the bottom of the sea, in order to receive the Argo-
oants daring a storm, on their return from Colchis.
The meaning of the fable evidently is, that the island
was ofvolcanic origin. Apollonius Rhodius, however
? ? (4, 1717), gives a different account, according to which
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? ANA
ANA
take a second wife, retaining also the first By his
second spouse he became the father of Cleomenes,
while the first one, hitherto steril, bore to him, after
this, Dorieus, Leonidas, and Cleombrotus. (Pausan. ,
3. 3. )--II. A comic writer, born at Camirus in Rhodes.
He was the author of sixty-five comedies. Endowed
by nature with a handsome person and fine talents,
Anaxandrides, though studiously elegant and effemi-
nate in dress and manner, was yet the slave of passion.
It is said (Alhenaus, 9, 16) that he used to tear his
unsuccessful dramas into pieces, or send them as waste
paper to the perfumers' shops. He introduced upon
the stage scenes of gross intrigue and debauchery;
and not only ridiculed Plato and the Academy, but
proceeded to lampoon the magistracy of Athens. For
this attack he is reported by some to have been tried
and condemned to die by starvation. (Theatre of the
Greeks, 2d ed. , p. 183. )
Axii. iRcuis. a philosopher of Abdera, from the
school of Democritus, who flourished about the 110th
Olympiad. He is chiefly celebrated for having lived
with Alexander and enjoyed his confidence. (Mlian,
Yar. Hut. , 9,3. --Arrian, Exp. Alex. , 4, p. 84. --Plut. ,
ad Print, indocl. ) It reflects no credit, however,
upon his philosophy, that, when the mind of the mon-
arch was torn with regret for having killed his faithful
Glitus, he administered the balm of flattery, saying,
"that kings, like the gods, could do no wrong. " This
philosopher addicted himself to pleasure; and it was
on this account, and not, as some supposed, on ac-
count of the apathy and tranquillity of his life, that he
obtained the surname of EviacfioviKoc, "the Fortu-
nate. " A marvellous story is related of his having
been pounded in an iron mortar by Nicocreon, king
of Cyprus, in revenge for the advice which he had
given to Alexander, to serve up the head of that prince
at an entertainment; and of his enduring the torture
with invincible hardness. But the tale, for which
there is no authority prior to the time of Cicero, is
wholly inconsistent with the character of a man who
had through his life been softened by effeminate
pleasures. The same story is also related of Zeno the
Eleatic. (Enfield's History of Philosophy, vol. 1, p.
435. )
Anaxaretb, a young female of Salamis, beloved by
Iphis, a youth of humble birth. She slighted his ad-
dresses, and he hung himself in despair. Gazing on
the funeral procession as it passed near her dwelling,
and evincing little emotion at the sight, she was
changed into a stone. (Ovid, Mel. , 14, 698, seqq. )
AnaxibTa, a daughter of Bias, brother to the physi-
cian Melampus. She married Pelias, king of lolcos,
by whom she had Acastus, and four daughters, Pisi-
dice, Pelopea, Hippothoe, and Alcestis. (Apollod. ,
1,9. )
Anaxidamus, succeeded his father Zeuxidamus on
the throne of Sparta. (Pausan. , 3, 7. )
Anaxilaus, a Messenian, tyrant of Rhegium. He
was so mild and popular during his reign, that when he
died, 476 B. C. , he left his infant sons to the care of one
of his slaves, named Micythus, of tried integrity, and
the citizens chose rather to obey a slave than revolt
from their benevolent sovereign's children. Micythus,
after completing his guardianship, retired to Tegea in
Arcadia, loaded with presents and encomiums from the
inhabitants of Rhegium. (Justin, 4, 2. -- Dtod. Sic,
11, 66. --Herod. , 7, 170-- Justin, 3, 2. -- Pausan. , 4,
? ? 23-- Thucyd. , 6, 5. --Herod. , 6. 23. )
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? A NO
fy bjmg It in ashes. Anaximenes was deputed by
bis countrymen as a mediator; but the conqueror
guessing hia intention, when he saw him entering the
royal lent as a suppliant, cut short his anticipated pe-
tition by declaring that he -was determined to refuse
to request, whatever it might be. Of this hasty ex-
pression the philosopher availed himself, and immedi-
ately implored that Laixrpsacus might be utterly de-
frayed, and a pardon refused to its citizens. The
stratagem was successful; Alexander was unwilling
to break bis promise; and the presence of mind ex-
hibited by its advocate saved the town. Anaximenes
was also the author of a history of Greece. (Pouaan. ,
6, 18. --Vol. Max , 7, 3, 4. )'
AXAZAUCS, a city of Cilicia Campestris, situate on
the river Pyramus, at some distance from the sea, and
taking its name apparently from a mountain cal led An-
azarbiu, at the foot of w 11 i. ? 11 it was situate. The ad-
jacent territory was famed for its fertility. It after-
ward took the appellation of Cesarca ad Anazarbum,
bat from what Roman emperor is not known, though
prior to the time of F"liny (5, 27).
The original appel-
lation, however, finally prevailed, aa we find it so desig-
nated in Hierocies and the fenperial Notitiffi, at which
period it had become the chief town of Cilicia Secunda.
It was nearly destroyed by a terrible earthquake under
Justinian. Anazarrtus -was the birthplace of Dioscor-
idesandOppian- The Turks call it, at the present day,
Ait-Ztrtth. (Cra. mer*a A. aia Minor, vol. 2, p. 354. )
Asc. *i:s, I. the son of Lycurgus and Cleophile, or,
according to others, Astypalsea, was in the expedition
of the Argonauts. He was also at the chase of the
Calydonian boar, in Which he perished. (ApoUod. , 3,
9. --H. , 1, 8. --Hyg-in. , fab. , 173 et 248. )--II. King
of Simos. and son of Neptune and Astypatea. He
went with the Argonauts, and succeeded Tiphys as pi-
lot of the snip Argo. rle reigned in Ionia, where he
married Samia, daughter of the Msander, by whom he
Bad four sons, Ferilas, Enudus, Samus, Alithersus, and
one daughter called Parthenope. He paid particular
attention to the culture of the vine, and on one occa-
wn was told by a slave, whom he was pressing with
hard labour in his vineyard, that he would never taste
of its produce. After the vintage had been gathered
in and the wine made, Ancsaus, in order to falsify the
prediction, was about to raise a cup of the liquor to his
bps, deriding, at the same time, the pretended prophet
(who, however, merely told him, in reply, that there
were many things between the cup and the lip), when
tadiags came that a boar had broken into his vineyard.
Throwing down the cup, with the untasted liquor,
Ancsus rushed forth to meet the animal, and lost his
life in the encounter. Hence arose the Greek proverb,
Multf caiu. nl inter calicem tupremajue labra.
The Latin translation is by Erasmus, who, as Dacier
thinks, read trrm for 7rt/-e<, a supposition not at all
probable, since "cadunt" gives the spirit, though not
the literal meaning, of TreTifi. --The story just given is
related somewhat differently by other writers, but the
pant in all ia the same. (Eustalh . ad II. , p. 77, ed.
Jtemi -- fettu*, *. <<. Manum. -- Aid. Gell. , 13, 17. --
Dmttcr, ad Feat. , I. c. )
A>>CALITE>>, a people of Britain, near the Atrebatii,
and probably a clan of that nation. Baxter supposes
thfm to have been the herdsmen and shepherds of the
. 1 trefcat ii. and to have possessed those parts of Oxford-
tktre and Buckinghamshire most proper for pasturage.
Horrfev, on the other hand, makes their country cor-
? ? respond to the modem Berkshire. But it is all uncer-
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? ANC
ANu
sacrificed himself for the good of his country, when
the earth had opened and swallowed up many build-
ings. The oracle had been consulted, and gave for
answer, that the gulf would never close if Midas did
not throw into it whatever ho had most precious.
Though the king cast in much gold and silver, yet the
gulf continued open, till Anchurus, thinking nothing
more precious than life, and regarding himself, there-
fore, as the most valuable of his father's possessions,
took a tender leave of his wife and family, and leaped
into the earth, which closed immediately over his head.
Midas erected there an altar of stone to Jupiter, and
that altar was the first object which he turned into
gold when he had received his fatal gift from the gods.
Every year, when the day Came round on which the
chasm had been first formed, the altar became one of
stone again; but, when this day had passed by, it
once more changed to gold. (Plut. , Parali. , p. 306. )
Ancile, a sacred shield, which fell from heaven in
the reign of Numa, when the Roman people laboured
under a pestilence. Upon the preservation of this
shield depended the fate of the Roman empire, ac-
cording to the admonition given to Numa by the nymph
Egeria, and the monarch therefore ordered eleven of
the same size and form to be made, that if ever any
attempt was made to cany them away, the plunderer
might find it difficult to distinguish the true one.
They were made with such exactness, that the king
promised Veturius Mamurius, the artist, whatever
reward he desired. ( Vid. Mamurius. ) They were
kept in the temple of Vesta, and an order of priests
was chosen to watch over their safety. These priests
were called Salii, and were twelve in number; they
carried every year, on the first of March, the shields
in a solemn procession through the streets of Rome,
dancing and singing praises to the god Mars. (Vid.
Salii. ) This sacred festival continued three days, du-
ring which every important business was stopped. It
was deemed unfortunate to be married on those days,
or to undertake any expedition. Hence Suetonius
(Oth. , 8) states, that Otho marched from Rome, on
his unsuccessful expedition against Vitellius, during
the festival of the Ancilia, "nulla religionum cvra,"
without any regard for sacred ceremonies, and Tacitus
(Hist. , 1, 8. 9) remarks, that many ascribed to this cir-
cumstance the unfortunate issue of the campaign.
The form of the ancile occurs in ancient coins. Rep-
resentations of it are also given by modern writers on
Roman Antiquities. (Consult Ltpsius, Mil. Bom. ;
Anal. , lib. 3, dial. 1. ) Plutarch, in explaining their
shape, remarks, "they are neither circular, nor yet,
like the pclta, semicircular, but fashioned in two crook-
ed indented lines, the extremities of which, meeting
close, form a curve (uynvhov). " According to this ety-
mology, the name should be written in Latin Ancyle.
Ovid says the shield was called ancile, " quod ab omni
? parte recusum est," a derivation much worse than Plu-
tarch's. The name is very probably of Etrurian ori-
gin, and the whole legend would appear to be a myth,
turning on the division of the Roman year into twelve
months by the fabulous Numa. (Plut. , Vit. Num. , c.
13. --Ovid, Fast. , 3, 377. )
Ancona, a city of Italy, on the coast of Picenum,
which still retains its name. The appellation is sup-
fiosed to be of Greek origin, and to express the angu-
ar form of the promontory on which the city is placed.
(Mela, 2, 4. --Procop. , Rcr. Got. , 2. ) This bold head-
? ? land was called Cumerium Promontorium: its modern
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? A. IVD
AND
ras found in modem times, a spurious in-
Kription on a temple erected in honour of Augustus,
which gives a history of the several actions and pub-
lic menu of Augustus, and which shows also that
he had been a great patron of the Ancyrani. Ancyra
is now called by the Turks Angouri, and by the Eu-
mfeaa An^oriL, and is the place whence the celebra-
ted shawls and hosiery made of goats' hair were ori-
ginally brought. Near this place, Bajazet was con-
quered and made prisoner by Timur, or, as the name
u commonly, though incorrectly, written, Tamerlane.
(Haanert, vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 46, aeqq. )--II. A town of
Phrygia, on the confines of Mysia. Strabo (576)
places it in the district of Abasitis, near the sources
of the river Makest us, which flows into the Rhyndacus.
(Mnaert,-ro\. 6, pt. 3, p. 111. )
. \>:I. I. "IT. K. gladiators who fought blindfolded,
irhence the proverb Anitaim/nrum more pugnare, to
denote rash and inconsiderate measures. The name
comes from the Greek. tiva6urai, because they fought
in chariots or on horseback. (Consult Erasmus,
CM. , p. 461. )
AsfDiSii, a city of Messenia, situate, according to
Piosanias (4, 33), at the distance of eight stadia from
Cjmasium- It had been the capital of Messenia he-
Cue the domination of the Heraclide. (Pausan. , 4,
3. ) Strabo (36O) places it on the road from Mcssene
lo Megalopolis. It is also mentioned by Livy (36, 31)
as situated between these two cities. Sir W. Gell
(Inn, p. 69) observed its ruins between Sakona and
Krfita, on a hill formed by the foot of Mount Tetrage.
(Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol. 3, p. 147. )
AjtDBcIvi or ANDES, a people of Gaul, east of the
Namnetes. and. lying along the northern bank of the
Liger or Loire. Their capital was Juliomagus, now
Amper*, and their territory corresponded in part to
what Va now the department de la Mayenne. (Cat. ,
B. G. , 2, 35. )
AXDES, I. a people of Gaul. Vid. Andecavi. --II. A
vulaoe near Mantua, where Virgil was bom. (Compare
Huron. . Chrm. Euseb. , Z, and Sil. Ital. , 8, 594. )
Tradition has long assigned to a small place, now
named Pietota, the honour of representing this birth-
place of Virgil ? . but as this opinion appears to derive
no support from the passages in which the poet is sup-
posed to speak of his own farm, the prevailing notion
arnona the learned seems to contradict the popular re-
port which identifies Andes with Pietola. (Maffci,
Verona UUtutr. , vol. 2, p. 1. --Vito, Memoric htoriche,
vol. 1, p. 31. --Bonelli, Mem. Mantor. , vol. 1, p. 120. )
ll may be observed, however, that Virgil's birthplace
and his form may not necessarily have been one and
the tame: in this case it would seem that no argument
could be objected to a local, but very ancient and well-
established tradition. (Cramer's'Ancient Italy, vol.
I, p. 69, teqq. )
A. VBOCIDB8, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras,
and born in the first year of the 78th Olympiad, B. C.
463. He commanded the Athenian fleet in the war
fcetween the Corinthians and Corcyreans, and was af-
terward accused of having been concerned in mutila-
ting the Hemue, or statues of Mercury, a crime of
which Alcibiades was regarded as one of the authors.
Andocides, having been arrested for this sacrilege, es-
caped punishment by denouncing his real or pretended
accomplices. Photius informs us, that among these
was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of
? ?
lon by his countryman Toxaris. On sending in word
that a Scythian was at the door, and requested his
friendship, Solon replied that friends were best made
at home. "Then let Solon, who is at home, make
me his friend," was the smart retort of Anacharsis;
and, struck by its readiness, Solon not only admitted
him, but, finding him worthy of his confidence, favour-
ed him with his advice and friendship. Ho accord-
ingly resided some years at Athens, and was the first
stranger whom the Athenians admitted to the honours
of citizenship. He then travelled into other countries,
and finally returned to Scythia, with a view to com-
municate to his countrymen the information he had re-
ceived, and to introduce among them the laws and re-
ligion of Greece. The attempt was, however, unsuc-
cessful; for the Scythians were not only indisposed to
receive them, but it is said that Anacharsis was killed
by an arrow, from the king, his brother's, own hand,
who detected him performing certain rites in a wood,
before an image of Cybcle. Great respect, however,
was paid to him after death, which is not unusual.
Anacharsis was famous for a manly and nervous kind
of language, which was called, from his country, Scy-
thian eloquence. The apophthegms attributed to him
are shrewd, and better worth quoting than many of the
ancient saws, which are often indebted for their celeb-
rity much more to their antiquity than to their wisdom.
His repartee to an Athenian, who reproached him with
the barbarism of his country, is well known: "My
country is a disgrace to me, but you are a disgrace to
your country. " Strabo tells us, from an old historian,
that Anacharsis invented the bellows, the anchor, and
the potter's wheel: but this account is very doubtful,
as Pliny, Seneca (Epist. , 90), Diogenes Laertius. and
Suidas, who likewise speak of the inventions ascribed
to that philosopher, mention only the last two: while
Strabo, moreover, remarks that the potter's wheel is
noticed in Homer. (Beckman's History of Invention*,
vol. 1, p. 104 --Compare Bitter's Vorhalle. p. 237
and 262. ) The epistles which bear the name of Ana-
charsis, and which were published in Greek and Latin,
at Paris, 1552, are unequivocally spurious. They arc
supposed to have been produced at a later period, in
the school of the sophists. (Gorton's Biogr. Diet. ,
? ? vol. 1, p. 72. -- Enfield's History of Philosophy, vol.
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? ANA
Aognawas colonized by Drusus. (Front. , de Cot. )
rnm Tacitus (Hw*. , 3, 62) we learn, that it was the
tothplace of Valens, a. general of Vitcllius, and the
duef supporter of his partv. The Latin way was
joined near this city by the Via Prasnestina, which
from that circumstance ? \v:ix called Corapitum Anag-
mnum. _ (Cramer's A. nc. Italy, vol. 2, p. 79, seqg. )
Axtlns, a goddess of" Armenia, who appears to be'
Ae same with the Venus of the western nations. |
She is identical also with the goddess of Nature, wor-
shipped among the Persians. (Creuser, Symfiolik,
TO), 2, p, 27. ) The temple of Anaitis, in Armenia,
stood in the district of Acilisene, in the angle between i
the northern and southern branches of the" Euphrates.
She was worshipped also in Zela, a city of Pontus,
and in Comana (. Crenver, 1. e. ) As regards the
origin of the name itself, much difference of opinion
exists. Von Hammer (Fundgr. its Or. , vol. 3, p.
175) derives it from the Persian Anahid, the name
of the morning star, and of the female genius that di-
rects with her lyre the harmony of the spheres. Ack-
ofeUd, on the other hand (Lellre au Cheval. Italinski,
kc-. Rom. , 1817), referring to Clemens Alexandrinus,
(Pmtrtptr. , 5, p. 57) and Eustathius (ad Dionys.
ffritf. , v. 845), where mention is made of an 'A^po-
fin|Troa>>c, and a Tavat-rif, and also to the Phoenician
Tatar, asserts, that the true name of the goddess in
question was Tovoirtc (corrupted in most passages
of ihe ancient writers into *Av<z/r(c), and that the root
ii Taut, the appellation of an Asiatic goddess, who
is at one time confounded with Diana, and at another
with Minerva. (Compare also the Egyptian Neith
with the article prefixed, A-neith, and 'Avfinr, another
fonn of the name Anaitis, as appearing in Plutarch,
Vit. Artaien. , c. 27. ) Silvestre de Sacy, however
(Jmtnul. i. Son. JaiUet, 1817, p. 439), in opposition
to Ackerblad, remarks, that the Persians, most indu-
bitably, call the planet Venus Anahiil or Nahid, and
that the name Anaitis is evidently derived from this
? onree: he observes, moreover, that Tavairtc is it-
self a false reading. --The temple of the goddess Anai-
tis bad a large tract of land set apart for its use, and
a great number of male and female slaves to cultivate
it (IcfxAav^joi), It was famed for its riches, and it
was from this sacred edifice that Antony, in his Par-
thian expedition, carried off a statue of the goddess
of solid gold. (Plin. , 33, 4. ) The commercial rela-
tions which subsisted between the Armenians and
other countries, caused the worship of Anaitis to be
spread orer other lands, and hence we read of its hav-
in? been introduced into Persia, Media, Bactria, &c.
(Compare Strabo, 535, and Heyne, de Sacerdotio Co-
ntfnfnri, t* Nov. Comment. Sot. Scient. Getting:, 16,
p. 117, seijq) Artaxerxes Mnemon is said to have
been the first that introduced the worship of Anaitis
into Susa, Babylon, and Ecbatana. (Clemens Alex-
<<wfr-. , Protrcptr. , p. 57, ed. Potter. -- Creuzer't Sym-
tofefc, vol. 2. p. 26, seqq. )
Ax>>)(iEE3, a Gallic tribe, in Gallia Cispadana, to
the south of the Po, and at the foot of the Apennines. '?
They occupied what is now a part of the modern Duchy
of Parma. (Polyb. , 2, 32. )
AwIpHE, one of the Sporades, northeast of Thera.
ft was said to have been made to rise by thunder from
the bottom of the sea, in order to receive the Argo-
oants daring a storm, on their return from Colchis.
The meaning of the fable evidently is, that the island
was ofvolcanic origin. Apollonius Rhodius, however
? ? (4, 1717), gives a different account, according to which
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? ANA
ANA
take a second wife, retaining also the first By his
second spouse he became the father of Cleomenes,
while the first one, hitherto steril, bore to him, after
this, Dorieus, Leonidas, and Cleombrotus. (Pausan. ,
3. 3. )--II. A comic writer, born at Camirus in Rhodes.
He was the author of sixty-five comedies. Endowed
by nature with a handsome person and fine talents,
Anaxandrides, though studiously elegant and effemi-
nate in dress and manner, was yet the slave of passion.
It is said (Alhenaus, 9, 16) that he used to tear his
unsuccessful dramas into pieces, or send them as waste
paper to the perfumers' shops. He introduced upon
the stage scenes of gross intrigue and debauchery;
and not only ridiculed Plato and the Academy, but
proceeded to lampoon the magistracy of Athens. For
this attack he is reported by some to have been tried
and condemned to die by starvation. (Theatre of the
Greeks, 2d ed. , p. 183. )
Axii. iRcuis. a philosopher of Abdera, from the
school of Democritus, who flourished about the 110th
Olympiad. He is chiefly celebrated for having lived
with Alexander and enjoyed his confidence. (Mlian,
Yar. Hut. , 9,3. --Arrian, Exp. Alex. , 4, p. 84. --Plut. ,
ad Print, indocl. ) It reflects no credit, however,
upon his philosophy, that, when the mind of the mon-
arch was torn with regret for having killed his faithful
Glitus, he administered the balm of flattery, saying,
"that kings, like the gods, could do no wrong. " This
philosopher addicted himself to pleasure; and it was
on this account, and not, as some supposed, on ac-
count of the apathy and tranquillity of his life, that he
obtained the surname of EviacfioviKoc, "the Fortu-
nate. " A marvellous story is related of his having
been pounded in an iron mortar by Nicocreon, king
of Cyprus, in revenge for the advice which he had
given to Alexander, to serve up the head of that prince
at an entertainment; and of his enduring the torture
with invincible hardness. But the tale, for which
there is no authority prior to the time of Cicero, is
wholly inconsistent with the character of a man who
had through his life been softened by effeminate
pleasures. The same story is also related of Zeno the
Eleatic. (Enfield's History of Philosophy, vol. 1, p.
435. )
Anaxaretb, a young female of Salamis, beloved by
Iphis, a youth of humble birth. She slighted his ad-
dresses, and he hung himself in despair. Gazing on
the funeral procession as it passed near her dwelling,
and evincing little emotion at the sight, she was
changed into a stone. (Ovid, Mel. , 14, 698, seqq. )
AnaxibTa, a daughter of Bias, brother to the physi-
cian Melampus. She married Pelias, king of lolcos,
by whom she had Acastus, and four daughters, Pisi-
dice, Pelopea, Hippothoe, and Alcestis. (Apollod. ,
1,9. )
Anaxidamus, succeeded his father Zeuxidamus on
the throne of Sparta. (Pausan. , 3, 7. )
Anaxilaus, a Messenian, tyrant of Rhegium. He
was so mild and popular during his reign, that when he
died, 476 B. C. , he left his infant sons to the care of one
of his slaves, named Micythus, of tried integrity, and
the citizens chose rather to obey a slave than revolt
from their benevolent sovereign's children. Micythus,
after completing his guardianship, retired to Tegea in
Arcadia, loaded with presents and encomiums from the
inhabitants of Rhegium. (Justin, 4, 2. -- Dtod. Sic,
11, 66. --Herod. , 7, 170-- Justin, 3, 2. -- Pausan. , 4,
? ? 23-- Thucyd. , 6, 5. --Herod. , 6. 23. )
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? A NO
fy bjmg It in ashes. Anaximenes was deputed by
bis countrymen as a mediator; but the conqueror
guessing hia intention, when he saw him entering the
royal lent as a suppliant, cut short his anticipated pe-
tition by declaring that he -was determined to refuse
to request, whatever it might be. Of this hasty ex-
pression the philosopher availed himself, and immedi-
ately implored that Laixrpsacus might be utterly de-
frayed, and a pardon refused to its citizens. The
stratagem was successful; Alexander was unwilling
to break bis promise; and the presence of mind ex-
hibited by its advocate saved the town. Anaximenes
was also the author of a history of Greece. (Pouaan. ,
6, 18. --Vol. Max , 7, 3, 4. )'
AXAZAUCS, a city of Cilicia Campestris, situate on
the river Pyramus, at some distance from the sea, and
taking its name apparently from a mountain cal led An-
azarbiu, at the foot of w 11 i. ? 11 it was situate. The ad-
jacent territory was famed for its fertility. It after-
ward took the appellation of Cesarca ad Anazarbum,
bat from what Roman emperor is not known, though
prior to the time of F"liny (5, 27).
The original appel-
lation, however, finally prevailed, aa we find it so desig-
nated in Hierocies and the fenperial Notitiffi, at which
period it had become the chief town of Cilicia Secunda.
It was nearly destroyed by a terrible earthquake under
Justinian. Anazarrtus -was the birthplace of Dioscor-
idesandOppian- The Turks call it, at the present day,
Ait-Ztrtth. (Cra. mer*a A. aia Minor, vol. 2, p. 354. )
Asc. *i:s, I. the son of Lycurgus and Cleophile, or,
according to others, Astypalsea, was in the expedition
of the Argonauts. He was also at the chase of the
Calydonian boar, in Which he perished. (ApoUod. , 3,
9. --H. , 1, 8. --Hyg-in. , fab. , 173 et 248. )--II. King
of Simos. and son of Neptune and Astypatea. He
went with the Argonauts, and succeeded Tiphys as pi-
lot of the snip Argo. rle reigned in Ionia, where he
married Samia, daughter of the Msander, by whom he
Bad four sons, Ferilas, Enudus, Samus, Alithersus, and
one daughter called Parthenope. He paid particular
attention to the culture of the vine, and on one occa-
wn was told by a slave, whom he was pressing with
hard labour in his vineyard, that he would never taste
of its produce. After the vintage had been gathered
in and the wine made, Ancsaus, in order to falsify the
prediction, was about to raise a cup of the liquor to his
bps, deriding, at the same time, the pretended prophet
(who, however, merely told him, in reply, that there
were many things between the cup and the lip), when
tadiags came that a boar had broken into his vineyard.
Throwing down the cup, with the untasted liquor,
Ancsus rushed forth to meet the animal, and lost his
life in the encounter. Hence arose the Greek proverb,
Multf caiu. nl inter calicem tupremajue labra.
The Latin translation is by Erasmus, who, as Dacier
thinks, read trrm for 7rt/-e<, a supposition not at all
probable, since "cadunt" gives the spirit, though not
the literal meaning, of TreTifi. --The story just given is
related somewhat differently by other writers, but the
pant in all ia the same. (Eustalh . ad II. , p. 77, ed.
Jtemi -- fettu*, *. <<. Manum. -- Aid. Gell. , 13, 17. --
Dmttcr, ad Feat. , I. c. )
A>>CALITE>>, a people of Britain, near the Atrebatii,
and probably a clan of that nation. Baxter supposes
thfm to have been the herdsmen and shepherds of the
. 1 trefcat ii. and to have possessed those parts of Oxford-
tktre and Buckinghamshire most proper for pasturage.
Horrfev, on the other hand, makes their country cor-
? ? respond to the modem Berkshire. But it is all uncer-
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? ANC
ANu
sacrificed himself for the good of his country, when
the earth had opened and swallowed up many build-
ings. The oracle had been consulted, and gave for
answer, that the gulf would never close if Midas did
not throw into it whatever ho had most precious.
Though the king cast in much gold and silver, yet the
gulf continued open, till Anchurus, thinking nothing
more precious than life, and regarding himself, there-
fore, as the most valuable of his father's possessions,
took a tender leave of his wife and family, and leaped
into the earth, which closed immediately over his head.
Midas erected there an altar of stone to Jupiter, and
that altar was the first object which he turned into
gold when he had received his fatal gift from the gods.
Every year, when the day Came round on which the
chasm had been first formed, the altar became one of
stone again; but, when this day had passed by, it
once more changed to gold. (Plut. , Parali. , p. 306. )
Ancile, a sacred shield, which fell from heaven in
the reign of Numa, when the Roman people laboured
under a pestilence. Upon the preservation of this
shield depended the fate of the Roman empire, ac-
cording to the admonition given to Numa by the nymph
Egeria, and the monarch therefore ordered eleven of
the same size and form to be made, that if ever any
attempt was made to cany them away, the plunderer
might find it difficult to distinguish the true one.
They were made with such exactness, that the king
promised Veturius Mamurius, the artist, whatever
reward he desired. ( Vid. Mamurius. ) They were
kept in the temple of Vesta, and an order of priests
was chosen to watch over their safety. These priests
were called Salii, and were twelve in number; they
carried every year, on the first of March, the shields
in a solemn procession through the streets of Rome,
dancing and singing praises to the god Mars. (Vid.
Salii. ) This sacred festival continued three days, du-
ring which every important business was stopped. It
was deemed unfortunate to be married on those days,
or to undertake any expedition. Hence Suetonius
(Oth. , 8) states, that Otho marched from Rome, on
his unsuccessful expedition against Vitellius, during
the festival of the Ancilia, "nulla religionum cvra,"
without any regard for sacred ceremonies, and Tacitus
(Hist. , 1, 8. 9) remarks, that many ascribed to this cir-
cumstance the unfortunate issue of the campaign.
The form of the ancile occurs in ancient coins. Rep-
resentations of it are also given by modern writers on
Roman Antiquities. (Consult Ltpsius, Mil. Bom. ;
Anal. , lib. 3, dial. 1. ) Plutarch, in explaining their
shape, remarks, "they are neither circular, nor yet,
like the pclta, semicircular, but fashioned in two crook-
ed indented lines, the extremities of which, meeting
close, form a curve (uynvhov). " According to this ety-
mology, the name should be written in Latin Ancyle.
Ovid says the shield was called ancile, " quod ab omni
? parte recusum est," a derivation much worse than Plu-
tarch's. The name is very probably of Etrurian ori-
gin, and the whole legend would appear to be a myth,
turning on the division of the Roman year into twelve
months by the fabulous Numa. (Plut. , Vit. Num. , c.
13. --Ovid, Fast. , 3, 377. )
Ancona, a city of Italy, on the coast of Picenum,
which still retains its name. The appellation is sup-
fiosed to be of Greek origin, and to express the angu-
ar form of the promontory on which the city is placed.
(Mela, 2, 4. --Procop. , Rcr. Got. , 2. ) This bold head-
? ? land was called Cumerium Promontorium: its modern
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? A. IVD
AND
ras found in modem times, a spurious in-
Kription on a temple erected in honour of Augustus,
which gives a history of the several actions and pub-
lic menu of Augustus, and which shows also that
he had been a great patron of the Ancyrani. Ancyra
is now called by the Turks Angouri, and by the Eu-
mfeaa An^oriL, and is the place whence the celebra-
ted shawls and hosiery made of goats' hair were ori-
ginally brought. Near this place, Bajazet was con-
quered and made prisoner by Timur, or, as the name
u commonly, though incorrectly, written, Tamerlane.
(Haanert, vol. 6, pt. 3, p. 46, aeqq. )--II. A town of
Phrygia, on the confines of Mysia. Strabo (576)
places it in the district of Abasitis, near the sources
of the river Makest us, which flows into the Rhyndacus.
(Mnaert,-ro\. 6, pt. 3, p. 111. )
. \>:I. I. "IT. K. gladiators who fought blindfolded,
irhence the proverb Anitaim/nrum more pugnare, to
denote rash and inconsiderate measures. The name
comes from the Greek. tiva6urai, because they fought
in chariots or on horseback. (Consult Erasmus,
CM. , p. 461. )
AsfDiSii, a city of Messenia, situate, according to
Piosanias (4, 33), at the distance of eight stadia from
Cjmasium- It had been the capital of Messenia he-
Cue the domination of the Heraclide. (Pausan. , 4,
3. ) Strabo (36O) places it on the road from Mcssene
lo Megalopolis. It is also mentioned by Livy (36, 31)
as situated between these two cities. Sir W. Gell
(Inn, p. 69) observed its ruins between Sakona and
Krfita, on a hill formed by the foot of Mount Tetrage.
(Cramer's Ancient Greece, vol. 3, p. 147. )
AjtDBcIvi or ANDES, a people of Gaul, east of the
Namnetes. and. lying along the northern bank of the
Liger or Loire. Their capital was Juliomagus, now
Amper*, and their territory corresponded in part to
what Va now the department de la Mayenne. (Cat. ,
B. G. , 2, 35. )
AXDES, I. a people of Gaul. Vid. Andecavi. --II. A
vulaoe near Mantua, where Virgil was bom. (Compare
Huron. . Chrm. Euseb. , Z, and Sil. Ital. , 8, 594. )
Tradition has long assigned to a small place, now
named Pietota, the honour of representing this birth-
place of Virgil ? . but as this opinion appears to derive
no support from the passages in which the poet is sup-
posed to speak of his own farm, the prevailing notion
arnona the learned seems to contradict the popular re-
port which identifies Andes with Pietola. (Maffci,
Verona UUtutr. , vol. 2, p. 1. --Vito, Memoric htoriche,
vol. 1, p. 31. --Bonelli, Mem. Mantor. , vol. 1, p. 120. )
ll may be observed, however, that Virgil's birthplace
and his form may not necessarily have been one and
the tame: in this case it would seem that no argument
could be objected to a local, but very ancient and well-
established tradition. (Cramer's'Ancient Italy, vol.
I, p. 69, teqq. )
A. VBOCIDB8, an Athenian orator, son of Leogoras,
and born in the first year of the 78th Olympiad, B. C.
463. He commanded the Athenian fleet in the war
fcetween the Corinthians and Corcyreans, and was af-
terward accused of having been concerned in mutila-
ting the Hemue, or statues of Mercury, a crime of
which Alcibiades was regarded as one of the authors.
Andocides, having been arrested for this sacrilege, es-
caped punishment by denouncing his real or pretended
accomplices. Photius informs us, that among these
was Leogoras, but that Andocides found the means of
? ?
