No More Learning

rolan, the last and most celebrated the Irish bards, who, the year 1738, died the residence his great patron Mac Dermott Roe. The O'Duigenans were branch the southern Hy Nialls,
whom an account has been given the note Meath.
sm O'Neill, king Tyrone, accompanied by
the chiefs the province, marched with great force against the English Traghbally and Dun
brought under subjection that oc
Boyle, county Roscommon, which was part the Mac Dermotts, princes Moylurg, and which parish are situated near Lough Allen, the celebrated Arigna Iron and coal mines. the cemetery the ancient church Kil
roman, now ruins, were interred the remains Torlogh O'Ca
dalk, whom
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REIGN OF RICHARD II. 185
of Bryan, the son of Malachy O'Kelly; and Donal
and Edmond, the sons of Malachy O'Kelly; and OHN, son of Geoffrey O'Reilly, Dermod O'Flanagan, heir to the chieftaincy of
bishop of Brefney (Kilmore), died. Tura, died.
Matthew O’Heoghain chaplain of The monastery of Kil Achaidh,' in the diocese
Iniskeen, and the priest O'Clery, of Kildare, was erected by O'Conor Faily for
A. D. 1393.
died.
Hugh, son of Conor, son of To
maltach MacDermott, lord of Moy
lurg, a man distinguished for his
hospitality, died after the victory of
repentance, and his son Cathal was afterwards drowned.
Franciscan friars.
A. D. 1394.
Richard, king of England,' arrived in Ireland
at Michaelmas; he landed at Waterford from whence he proceeded to Dublin.
Giolla Downaigh O’Heoghain, the official of Mulroona, son of Fergal Mac Lough Erne, and parson and erenach of InisCaoin;”
Dermott, assumed the lordship of Moylurg by the influence and assistance of Tomaltach Mac Donogh.
The sons of Hugh Mac Dermott marched to Cluain O’Coinnen, at the port of Lough Techet (Lough O'Gara in Sligo), to make an attack upon
Mac Dermott; both parties engaged in a conflict, in which the sons of Hugh were defeated, and
Matthew MacGiollacoiscly, vicar of Claoininis; and Luke Mac Scully, vicar of Achaidh Urchair, died.
The earl of March (Mortimer) arrived in Ireland. Teige Mac Giolla Iosa O'Flanagan, chief of Tura
Fermanagh), was slain by the sons David O'Flanagan and the sons Murtogh O'Flanagan. Hugh O’Dempsey was slain the English
Conor and Roderick, the sons of Hugh Mac Der while pursuit prey.
mott, were taken prisoners, and Fergal, the son of Donogh Riavach, was also taken, but afterwards made his escape; Donal Duv Mac Dermott and many others were slain on that occasion.
Thomas O’Dempsey, heir the lordship Glen
malire (in Queen's county), was slain the English. John Mac Jordan, the son Myler, lord the town Athleathan (in Mayo), was treacherously
Bryan, son of Malachy O'Kelly, tanist of Hy slain his own kinsmen, namely, the sons Maine; Fergal Mac Gauran, chief of Tullaghaw John Dexeter.
(county of Cavan), a man of unbounded hospi Art Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, marched tality to the clergy; and Manus O’Hara, tanist with force against the English, and burned Ros
Mac Treoin” with its houses and castles, and car ried away with him gold, silver, and hostages.
The earl of Ormond marched with force into and the releasing of their respective prisoners from Leinster, and burned and laid waste Gailine, the
confinement.
Raghnailt, daughter of Hugh, son of Felim
O'Conor, a woman distinguished for her personal figure and humanity; Maurice Cam, son of Roderick Mac Geoghegan; and Bryan, son of William Oge Mac Geoghegan, died.
Edina, daughter of Cathal Oge O'Conor, the wife
of Lieney, died.
A peace was concluded between the chiefs of
Moylurs, concerning the division of the patrimony,
hill, King's county, where there are still some ruins this abbey and churches.
neral the diocese Clogher. Cluan Inis, now the parish Cleenish, near Lough Erne, the county Fermanagh. Achaidh
Urchair, now the parish Aghalurcher, partly Fermanagh
and partly Tyrone, where there are still some ruins the an cient church dedicated to St. Ronan.
Ros-mic-Triuin, also called Ross Glass, now Old Ross,
the county Wexford, where there was castle erected by Strongbow.
The King whose proceedings
A. D. 1304.
England here mentioned was Richard II. ,
found note Farney, county
Ireland an account will Inis Caoin, now Inniskeen, the barony
the year 1399.
territory O’Kelly, Moy Druchtain,
Leix (in Queen's county), after which returned home.
Roderick, son Roderick O’Neill, was slain
the sons Henry O'Neill.
Mac Murrogh, that Art, son Art, waged
war against the king England and his people, and many them were slain him;
A. D. 1393.
Cill chaidh, now Killeigh, town the barony Geas round tower. The official Lough Erne signified the vicar-ge
Monaghan, where there are some ruins ancient church and
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186 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1395.
finally came to the king's residence (Dublin cas was sent prisoner O’Donnell, and died tle), at the request of the English and Irish of confinement.
Conor, son Hugh Roe Mac Guire, was taken prisoner by the Giolla Duv, that Thomas, and
his brother Hugh Mac Guire, but afterwards effected his escape the assistance his son.
party the king England's people having Thomas Mac William Burke, having waited on gone plunder Offaley, O'Conor followed them
Leinster, where he was made prisoner, on a charge made against him by the earl of Ormond, the lord
justice; he was soon after set at liberty, but O'Byrne, O'Moore, and John O'Mallain, were
the king at his residence, received great honors,
and was appointed lord and governor over the English of Connaught.
Torlogh, son of Murtogh-na-Raithnighe O’Brien, of the clan of Brian Roe, waged war against the king's people in Munster and Leinster, and burned and plundered the county of Limerick.
Camcluana O’Dugan was slain by the king of England’s people at Dublin.
Bryan, son of Mulroona, son of Fergal Mac Dermott, the intended lord of Moylurg, was killed by Malachy Cleireach Mac Dermott, his uncle.
Teige O'Hagan (of Tyrone), a truly learned
poet, was killed by the sons of Cuchonacht O'Daly, concerning the chief professorship to O’Neill.
A. D. 1395.
kept in prison after him.
Tuam) died on his way to Rome.
O'Flannelly, vicar of Screen of St. Adamnan (in
Sligo), died.
The official O’Tuathail, vicar of Iomdha Feichin
Una, daughter Teige, son Manus O’Conor, the wife Mac Guire, died.
John, son Art Mac Guire, was taken pri soner by Mac Guire, who delivered him into the
hands the people Hy Maoile Dunlurg (in
Fermanagh), who put him death Fionn
tracht Troma Bair, his previous acts had me rited from them.
(Immagh or Omey in Galway), a noble minded man, who kept a house of hospitality, died.
O’Neill Buidhe died and was interred at Ar magh.
Philip, son of Hugh Mac Guire, lord of Fer
managh, the supporter and defender of his ter
ritory, a man whose good fame and noble character
extended over Ireland, died after the victory of mer his viceroy Ireland; but although Mac repentance, and Thomas Gilladuff Mac Guire, the Murrogh had submitted the king, did not son of Philip, assumed the government of Fer afterwards continue friendly him.
managh.
Donal O’Muldoon of Lurg (in Fermanagh), was treacherously taken prisoner by the sons of Art Mac Guire, at Termon Dabeog Lough Dearg);
A. D. 1395.
Ardsratha and Clochar Mac Daimhin, that Ardsrath, Ardstraw, and Clogher, both the county Tyrone, which
Ardsratha and Clochar Mac Daivin' were burned, with all their immense riches.
Roderick O'Kelly, heir the lordship Hy Maine, died.
were bishops' sees, and had large churches, and other ecclesiastical establishments.
Tochar Cruachan (Croaghan, King's county), where slew great many them, and took sixty their horses. Another party the English, commanded the earl marshal, went plunder Ely O'Carroll, and his people overtook them, slew great numbers them, and took many of their horses.
Niall Oge, son Niall, son Hugh O'Neill;
and Bryan O’Brien, the son Mahon, made their
submission the king England.
Covlaigh More, daughter Cathal, the son
Donal O'Conor, who was the daughter the king Connaught, very wealthy and affluent woman, great hospitality, died after the victory repen
-
The young bishop O’Moghan (probably of presumptive heir the crown Connaught.
tance, and was buried the monastery Boyle; she was called the protectress the three enemies,
having been the wife Niall O'Donnell, lord Tirconnell; Hugh O'Rourke, lord Brefney; and Cathal, the son Hugh Brefnach O'Conor,
The king England departed from Ireland
May, after great number the English and Irish had submitted him; and he left Morti
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Mac Jordan Dexeter (of Mayo), was taken pri
soner by the sons of Mac Jordan, and was delivered into the hands of Mac William Burke. Donal
187
O'Conor Kerry was treacherously slain by his own people.
O'Kennedy, lord of Ormond, died.
Mac Murtogh (O'Conor), and the Irish of North Connaught, marched their forces into the territory
Mac Jordan, whom they set at liberty, and peace was made between the English and Irish of the province on that occasion.
Torlogh O’Donnell marched with a force into
Tyrone against the Clan Henry O’Neill, and com
mitted great depredations and plunders in the ter
ritory; the Clan Henry pursued them, and a
battle ensued between them, in which, at length,
the Tyronians were defeated with slaughter;
Bryan, the son of Henry O’Neill, and thirteen of
lachy O'Loghlin, whom he had previously slain.
Conor, son of Owen O’Malley (of Mayo), went
with a ship's crew to plunder in the west of Con
naught, and loaded the ship with goods and va luable property in that adventure, but they were
drowned except one, between Arran Island and the coast.
O'Conor Roe and his kinsmen defeated O’Co nor Don, Hugh O'Conor, Con Mac Branan, and Hugh O’Hanley, chief Kinel Dovha, the battle Creaga (in Roscommon), which
REIGN OF RICHARD II.
Irial O’Loghlin, lord of Corcomroe (in Clare), was slain by Mac-Girr-an-adhistir, one of his own of Mac William, in consequence of the taking of people, in revenge of his foster brother, namely, Ma
the chiefs of his party, were taken prisoners.
O'Donnell marched with another force to Sligo, Con Mac Branan, chief Corcachlan, John
through Carbury of Drumcliffe, and they plun O’Teige, with the son John O’Hanley, and many dered and laid waste every part of the country others, were slain.
through which they passed, and they carried off to their own country much booty and property; but a few of the rear of his force were wounded.
Donal, son of Henry O’Neill, made an attack
O’Donnell marched into Carbury, and with
portion his forces encountered the sons Ma lachy Caoch Mac Murtogh (O'Conor), who, with
great body cavalry, were guarding and pro tecting the Conacians, but they were, however, de
upon Bryan, the son of O’Neill, whom he took
prisoner, and plundered his property; Donal, the feated by O’Donnell, leaving behind them the
son of Henry, made another attack on the town of O'Neill, and took O'Neill and others prisoners, whom he delivered up to the English.
The English of Leinster treacherously planned
to take Art Mac Murrogh prisoner, but were not successful, for he made his escape despite of them, by the strength of his hand and bravery, and they were notable to subdue him.
Donal Mac Murtogh O'Conor, lord of Carbury and of Sligo, and also the entire country, north of the mountain (the Curlews), died in the castle of Sligo a week after Christmas.
greater portion their horse many men were
wounded, and others effected their escape flight;
Carbury was then plundered O’Donnell's forces,
who returned home with the prey.
Malachy Caoch, son Murtoch, the son
Donal O’Conor, died.
The English Leinster and the Saxons were
defeated by O'Toole (of Wicklow) with great slaughter, and six score heads were brought O’Toole, and great number prisoners, with
much property, arms, armour, and horses.
Cu-uladh Mac Gennis, heir the lordship Hugh, son of Cathal Oge O'Conor, son of Tor Iveagh (in county Down), was slain the Eng
logh O'Conor’s daughter, and Maurice, son of
Paul Ultach (Mac Donlevey), chief physician of Tyrconnell, died.
A. D. 1396.
The bishop O’Hara (probably of Achonry) died.
Matthew O’Luinin, archdeacon of Ardagh, a man versed in various arts and sciences, in history, poetry, music, and general literature, died.
lish; and O’Hanlon, lord Orior, was treache rously slain party his own people.
Mary, daughter
erty, died. Bryan, son
O’Kane, the wife O’Dogh
Henry O'Neill, was liberated O'Neill, who gave much horses,
from O’Donnell
cattle, and property, for his ransom; O'Neill then
delivered him Donal, the other son Henry,
together with other presents, ransom for his OWn SOn.
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188 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1397.
Torlogh O’Donnell, son of Nial Garv, and force, property, and cattle, order aid O’Co
Teige, son of Cathal O'Conor, marched with a nor, and encamped Currach-Chin-Eitigh where
force to Sligo, which they burned, both the wooden O'Conor was but O'Connor Roehaving received
and stone buildings, and slew the son of Conor of intelligence this, collected together his
Maonmoy, with many others, on that occasion; friends and forces, amongst whom were Mac
and it was lamentable to burn that town, for its William Burke, Thomas, the son Sir Edmond
buildings both of wood and stone were very hand Albanach (Burke), the sons Cathal Oge O'Co
Sonne.
A. D. 1397.
Nial O’Neill, king of Tyrone, mustered a great
nor, the sons Hugh Mac Dermott, the Hy Ma nians, and the grandsons Felim (O'Conor), himself, with their respective troops and gallo glasses; they then proceeded the Plain, which period O'Conor Don was absent from Mac Do nogh, who did not perceive the forces until O'Co nor Roe came and surrounded him with great body cavalry; fierce and determined battle ensued, which, however, Mac Donogh's party
force to attack Torlogh O’Donnell, and the sons
of Henry O’Neill; O'Donnell and the Clan Henry
O'Neill collected another force to oppose them,
and both parties having approached each other, re
mained stationary for some time, without giving
battle; at last O’Neill and his force, after rest were defeated, and the cavalry who put them ing themselves, decamped home, unperceived by flight, followed them up with slaughter; Mac
the others, who as soon as they discovered dis patched skirmishing parties after them, who slew
some O’Neill’s people, who left behind them many horses and much property, which were taken
Donogh himself was slain, and also Hugh Caoch, son Hugh, the son Torlogh O'Conor, with Mac Sweeney, high constable Connaught from the mountain (the Curlews) northward; his two brothers, Donogh and Dunslevey; Cuaifne, son
by the Tirconnellians and the sons Henry
that occasion. Conaifne O'Conor, and Dermod Mac Donogh, ta
Torlogh O’Donnell, lord Tirconnell, marched
with force into Fermanagh, and proceeded with
many boats and men the islands Lough Erne, which preyed and plundered, except alone the churches and sanctuaries, and having carried away
immense property, returned unopposed; O'Don nell marched with another force into Carbury (in Sligo), expel the clan Donal Mac Murtogh (O'Conors), and burned the country far Cluan Dergratha.
Hugh Mac Mahon recovered his eye-sight through fasting, which performed honour
the Holy Cross Raphoe, and the image the Virgin Mary Athtruim (Trim, Meath).
nist Tirerrill, besides many other chiefs and nobles their party and people. The quantity
property and riches which fell into the hands
Niall More, son Hugh O'Neill, king Ty casion.
rone, the defender Ireland, the champion
dignity and pre-eminence the principality, the
unyielding tower against tyranny, the scatterer
the English, the uniter the Irish, the patron
the church and learned men Ireland, died, after
gaining the victory extreme unction and repen Oge; the people Carbury and Tirerrill fled
tance, and his son Niall Oge succeeded him the government.
Mac Donogh Tirerrill proceeded the Plain Connaught (in Roscommon) with his whole
into the fastnesses and retreats of the country, and
O'Conor Roe independent
that occasion was incalculable, horses, arms and armour, and
the festival first Lady day battle Cinneitigh was fought.
was the eve
harvest, that
O'Conor Don having received intelligence this,
the third day after the battle, proceeded seize on the cattle of O'Conor Roe and of the sons Felim, and their stalls, which were situated about
Leitrim, and having given them defeat, which was called the Gealmaidhm, carried off with him immense booty and property that oc
Felim, son Cathal Oge (O'Conor), and Du gald Mac Donnell, galloglass, having gone O'Donnell ask his assistance against their ene mies, O'Donnell, with the chiefs Tirconnell, marched into Carbury aid the sons Cathal
O'Donnell having proceeded the Aonach Ti rerrill, where his army burned many houses and much corn, and plundered the son Cormac, son
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REIGN OF RICHARD II. 189
of Roderick; Mulroona Mac Donogh, lord of forsaken by his chiefs and people, was put to great Tirerrill, O'Dowd and O’Hara gave sureties and straits by the sons of Henry O'Neill, and the sons hostages to O'Donnell and the sons of Cathal Oge of John O’Donnell, with O’Dogherty and the after that, on conditions that they would never op Mac Sweeneys; the son of O’Donnell, (Niall pose them; O'Donnell concluded a peace with them Garv), and the sons of Donal, son of Niall on thoseterms, and immediately returned to Tircon O'Donnell, went on an expedition into Fanait; nell. The sons of Cathal Oge, Muintir Duirmin, they took Mulmurry Mac Sweeney prisoner, and and Mac Donnell the galloglass, with their clans, plundered the place; the English and Irish of the
then proceeded into Carbury, and halted at Lisa province of Ulster submitted to O’Neill and gave
dill, for the purpose of dividing the prey among them, about which they disputed; O’Donnell,
with a few horse, came on the following day to them
to settle their disputes; at this time Murtoch Ba Roe (Ballyshannon) to attack O’Donnell, and they cach, son of Donal, the son of Murtoch O'Conor, plundered the monastery of treasure, and
and the Mac Sweeneys happened to be at Fassa the entire Tir Hugh party O’Donnell's Coilleadh, and O’Hara of the West, and the clan people gave them battle, and Hugh, son Fergal of Flaherty O’Rourke were with them; they pro O'Rourke, was taken prisoner that expedition, ceeded early in the morning to attack the sons of and O’Neill returned Tyrone.
Cathal Oge and O’Donnell at Bun Brenoige, near Thomas Burke, lord the English Con Lisadill, and a body of horse belonging to the naught, and O'Conor Roe, with the sons Ca sons of Cathal Oge having passed towards Sligo, thal Oge, and the sons Mac Dermott, marched and having the river Bun Brenoige on one side, with force into Tirerrill, which they completely and the sea having flowed on the other, a cir plundered; Conor Oge, son Hugh Mac cumstance very fortunate for themselves, as they Dermott, and his kinsmen, returned from the could not therefore be encompassed, a battle en party ransack Moylurg; Fergal Mac Dermott, sued between both parties, in which O’Donnell lord Moylurg, having gone that night the and the sons of Cathal Oge were defeated, and monastery Boyle, removed the provisions Marcus Mac Donnell, his son Donald, with John and treasure he found there the town called the
Mac Sheehy, and a great number of galloglasses Rock; the sons MacDermott having discovered were slain; the sons of Cathal were then plun the direction those who were conveying the
dered and expelled beyond the Erne (river) in sor row and sadness, on the festival of Great Lady Day.
property, they pursued them when the other party found they were pursued, they hastened through the country until they arrived Eachdruim Mac Naodha," Tir Briune the
Dermod, son of Ivar O’Beirne (of Roscommon)
being in a fever, was taken from his own house to Shannon; the sons Mac Dermott burned the have him conveyed to the house of Murtogh, son church Eachdruim, slew Conor Mac Dermott,
him hostages, O’Donnell excepted.
Niall Oge O’Neill, king of Tyrone, and the sons
of Henry O'Neill, marched a great force to Eas
of Thomas, in a boat on the lake, out of which he leaped unperceived, and was drowned.
A. D. 1398.
Thomas, the son of Maurice Mac Donogh, O'Ferrall, worthy heir the lordship An
bishop of Achonry, died. naly, the most distinguished person his age for A great conflict arose between Niall Oge hospitality, nobleness, valour, and achievements,
O'Neill, and Torlogh O’Donnell, who, being the race Fergus, died after had gained the
-
1. Eachdruim Mac Naodha, now the parish of Aughrim, si St. Patrick, over which appointed St. Guasacht, first ab
A. D. 1398.
Granard, county Longford, where monastery was founded bot; was refounded 1205, by lord Richard Tuite, for
the Cistercian order, and dedicated the Blessed Wir
tuated near the Shannon, betweenCarrick-on-Shannon and Elphin, in the county of Roscommon.
monks 2. Leath Ratha, now Abbeylaragh, a parish in the barony of gin.
the son Fergal, and many his people; they
made Mulroona Mac Dermott prisoner, and took, booty, their horses, arms, and armour.
Murrogh Bane, son John, the son Donal
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190 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1399.
victory of repentance, a month after Christmas, and fierce battle ensued, in which O'Conor was de
was buried at the monastery of Leathratha,” in the feated, and Sorley Buidhe Mac Donnell and his tomb of his father and ancestors. people were slain.
Maurice, son of Pierce D’Alton, was slain by Thomas, son of Cathal, son of Murrogh O'Ferrall, Murtogh Oge Mac Geoghegan, and by Bryan, lord of Annaly, the chief bond of hospitality and son of O'Conor Faily. noblenessof the Clan Rosa, was slain by the English
Glendalough” was burned by the English. of Meath, and the baron of Delvin (Nugent), in his
Murtogh O'Conor having gone to Tir Hugh own town at Coillin Crubach (in Longford), after (in Donegal), returned to Eas Roe without obtain he had been elected to the lordship over his elder ing much booty on that excursion; he was over kinsman, John O'Ferrall, who, however, was even taken by Hugh O’Duirmin, who attacked and tually appointed to the lordship of Annaly.
put him to flight at Ballyshannon; Hugh's horse Mac Carthy of Carbery Cork), gave O’Sul
was wounded, and he himself was dismounted, and livan complete overthrow, and the two sons afterwards slain. O'Sullivan, Owen and Conor, were slain that
Gerald, earl of Desmond, a man of gaiety and battle, together with many others.
affability, the most distinguished of the English of O’Brien Maol died the epidemic, while with Ireland, and also of many of the Irish, for his at the English.
tainments, and knowledge of the Irish language, of The son Maurice Buidhe O’Moore, lord poetry, history, and of other branches of literature Slieve Mairge, (barony Slieve Mairgue, Queen's which he had acquired, died after he had gained county), entertainer the learned men, and the victory of repentance.
The earl of Kildare was taken prisoner by the Calvach O'Conor, and the cavalry of the territory
of Offaley, and was delivered into the hands of Owen, son Niall Oge O'Neill; and Art Cuile,
Murrogh O'Conor.
Sir John, earl of Desmond," was drowned in the
Suir, shortly after his accession to the earldom.
O'Byrne and O’Toole fought a battle against John O’Donnell, and the men Fermanagh, mus
the English, in which the earl of March, (Morti tered force against O’Donnell, who collected his mer, earl of March), and a vast number of the Eng party oppose them, and both parties remained lish were slain. encamped view each other, but length se
Fionnguala, daughter of Ualgarg More parated without performing any action note. O'Rourke, and wife of John More O’Hara, died.
David O’Duigenan, chief professor in history of
A. D. 1399.
O’Conor Roe and Mac Dermott marched a Conor Mac Cormac, bishop Raphoe, the great force to Moytuire (near Lough Arrow in Hy Donnells Corca Baiscind (in Clare), died. Sligo), to attack the Mac Donoghs of Tirerrill, Cu-uladh Roe, son Niall More, the son where they committed great depredations; the Hugh O’Neill, died the epidemic.
Mac Donoghs, and Murtogh, son of Donal O’Co Brian O’Brien, the son Mahon, lord Tho nor, with all their forces, overtook them, and a mond, died.
Clan Mulroona (the Mac Dermotts, princes of
Moylurg, in Roscommon), a Biatach of unbounded O'Neill (Niall Oge) marched with force against hospitality, and learned in the arts and sciences, the English; and plundered and expelled the died. greater portion them.
3. Gleann-da-Locha, or Glendalough, in the county of Wick
low, one of the most celebrated places in Ireland for its ruins and
remains of numerous churches, round towers, and other antiqui
ties. The nameof Glendalough signifies the glen or valley of the was John, the son Gerald Fitzgerald, who was drowned the two lakes, there being two beautiful lakes situated in the valley, ford Ardfinnan, the river Suir.
the travellers Ireland, died.
Mac William Burke burned Sligo.
Cathal, son Roderick Maguire, was slain
the son Philip Maguire, was slain the people Tullaghaw (county Cavan).
The sons Henry O’Neill, with the sons
surrounded majestic mountains, and abounding sublime and beautiful scenery.
Earl Desmond. —The earl Desmond here mentioned
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REIGN OF HENRY IV. 191 Torlogh, son of Murrogh Na Raithnighe O’Brien, Lough Lein (in Kerry); Gerald O'Byrne, the son
died.
Felim, son of Caheer O'Conor, tanist of Offaley, Mac Sweeny of Fanait Donegal); and Awlave,
died of the epidemic in the house of O’Reilly (of son Philip, son Awlave, the son Tuinn Cavan). charry Mac Guire, chief Muintir Feodachain
The sons of Henry O'Neill having gone to at (in Fermanagh), died.
tack the English of Traghbally (Dundalk), the Hugh Mac Mahon died, after having lost his English collected their forces to oppose them, and eyes’-sight.
defeated them, and Donal the son of Henry was
taken prisoner, and a great many of his people were
slain; Donal was sent to England the year follow
ing, after his release had been refused.
John O'Ferrall, lord of Annaly, a man distin slain by his own people.
guished for his virtue, ingenuity, learning, wisdom, great hospitality, and generosity, died.
Hugh O’Donoghoe, lord of the Eoganacht of
A. D. 1399.
Richard II. , and Art Mac Murrogh. As explained
the course this note, king Richard II. was deposed the 29th September, 1399, and succeeded by Henry, duke Lancaster, Henry IV. 1394Richard II. , having resolved
the conquest Ireland, collected immense army, and landed Waterford, the second October, with fleet two hundred
of Teige, (of Wicklow); Torlogh, son of Mulmurry
Donal, son Giolla Iosa Roe O'Reilly (of Ca van), died.
Murtogh Oge Mac Gennis, the son More, lord Iveagh (in county
Murtogh Down), was
Henry IV. was proclaimed king the 29th September. "
England Baothghalach (Boetius) Mac Egan (of Ormond),
sail; his forces consisted four thousand cavalry, men-at-arms, Richard conferred the honour knighthood on several the
and thirty thousand archers; was attended the earls Gloucester, Nottingham, Rutland, Percy, and many other distin guished noblemen. The men arms, the English army, were cavalry completely cased armour; their bodies and limbs, covered with mail, formed plates steel; their heads defended with iron brazen helmets; they wore their left arms large shields circular oval form, made wood, and covered with thick leather, rim iron surrounding their edges, and some times embossed with knobs brass, and other metals; they had long lances spears; large, double-edged, and pointed swords; together with daggers, &c.
; and their horses were also partly covered with defensive armour. The archers were mostly foot forces, but there were also troops mounted archers, who acted
light cavalry; these archers wore thick quilted jackets, light leathern coats mail; and were also armed with swords and spears. The archers sometimes used the arbalest cross-bow, but mostly the long-bow, and shot their arrows with such force pierce the strongest armour. The English soldiers had great advantage over the Irish, whose arms, armour, and equipments, were very incomplete, while English knight was
armed almost invulnerable, except the strong cast dart, thrust spear, the powerful blow battle-axe,
the latter being the chief weapon the heavy infantry forces the Irish, who were called galloglasses; and their light troops, called kerns, were armed with darts, javelins, spears, swords, slings, and sometimes arrows. The Irish chiefs, unprepared cope with the formidable forces king Richard, appeared inclined
make their submission, and enter into terms peace; and for
that purpose the king deputed Mowbray, earl Nottingham,
earl marshal England, receive their submission and Art Mac Murrogh, king Leinster; Murrogh O'Conor, lord Offaley; Malachy O'Morrogh, Murphy Wexford; Gerald Q'Byrne, Wicklow Daniel O’Nolan Carlow; and Rory Oge O'Moore, Leix, attended the English camp, held
conference, and entered into treaty peace, the plain
Ballygorry, near Carlow. King Richard proceeded Dublin, where remained some months, and went from thence
Drogheda; where the 16th March, 1395, he received,
the Pominican monastery Mary Magdalen, the submission
Irish kings and chiefs with great ceremony, the cathedral of Christ church, on the 25th of March. The celebrated French chronicler, Froissart, attended king Richard's train, and gives
account these affairs, and states, that Henry Castide, gentleman the court, who had lived long amongstthe Irish, and learned their language, acted interpreter. During the visit king Henry II. Ireland, 1171, he, like manner, spent the winter that city, and entertained the Irish princes and chiefs with great magnificence, temporary royal pavilion, con structed wood and wicker work, and erected near St. Andrew's church, Hoggin-green, now College-green. Treating these affairs, and the dainty dishes with which king Henry regaled the Irish princes, Campion, his chronicle says, that all the Irish kings and chiefs yielded submission king Henry, except those Ulster, “finally, there was man name the land, except them Ulster, but they him bowed, and did obeysance, which feasted royally, with dinner crane's flesh, fowl till then, utterly abhorred the Irish. ” King Richard, after remaining nine months Ireland, most which time resided
Dublin, returned England the summer 1305, and left his cousin, Roger Mortimer, earl March, viceroy Ireland,
Mortimer, after several contests with the Irish Leinster, was
Mac Mahon, and other northern chiefs. King Richard, his return Dublin, entertained the provincial kings, O'Neill, O'Con or, O'Brien, and Mac Murrogh, together with many the Irish princes and chiefs, style great splendour; and stated that had all the crown jewels brought Ireland, for the pur pose making magnificent display possible. After many entertainments attended with great pomp and pageantry, king
great battle fought with the O'Byrnes, O'Tooles, and Kenlis, Ossory, now Kells, the county
defeated
other chiefs,
Kilkenny,
English forces, together with Mortimer himself, being slain. Roger Grey was then appointed lord justice; and the same year, Thomas Holland, duke Surrey, and earl Kent, who was half brother
about forty thousand men, composed archers and cavalry, O'Neill, king Tyrone, O'Donnell, O'Reilly, O’Hanlon, men arms. Having spent week Waterford, proceeded
the 20th July, 1398, great number the
king Richard, was appointed lord lieutenant Ireland and arrived Dublin the 7th October, 1399. King Richard, enraged the death his cousin Mortimer, earl March, who was heir presumptive the crown England, collected immense army, and embarked Bristol, with fleet two hun dred sail, invade Ireland, and avenge his death, and landed Waterford, the 1st June, according Borlase and Marle
burgh, attended the dukes Exeter and Gloucester, the earl Salisbury, Henry, lord Lancaster, afterwards king Henry V. ,
and many other nobles and knights. His army amounted
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192 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1400.
a man learned in the laws and in music, and emi Donogh Mac Geoghegan; Donogh Fox, lord of nent for hospitality; and Giolla-na-neev, son of Muintir Taagain and chief of Teffia; and Dermod Conor Mac Egan, chief professor of laws, died. and Bryan, the sons of Catharnach, the son of
Fox, died.
The castle of Dun Iomdhain (Dunamon, on the
river Suck, county of Roscommon), was taken by Hugh O'Mulloy, lord of Fercall (in King's Mac Anabaidh O'Conor, and Hoberd, son of Ed county); Laighneach, son of Fergal Roe, son of mond, son of Hoberd Burke, was slain in it; and
A. D. 1400.
to Kilkenny, where he remained fourteen days ; and thence marched against the Irish, towards Wexford and Wicklow, advancing the standard of St. Edward, which, says sir John
Davies, the Irish held in great veneration. Art Mac Murrogh was posted at the head of the Leinster clans, with a force of three
thousand men; but avoided coming to an open engagement on the plains, and entrenching his forces in the dense woods, they made
force, their darts piercing them through both sides. Our foragers that strayed from their fellows, were often murdered by the Irish, for they were nimble, and swift foot, that, like unto stags,
they run over mountains and valleys, whereby we received great annoyance and damage. Nevertheless the king's army, that was
courageous and hearty, became fearful unto them, Mac Murrogh's uncle, accompanied with divers others, bare-legged and
frequent and sudden attacks on the English, of whom they slew
great numbers, and then rapidly retreated to their woody recesses
and mountain fortresses. Together with the army under king
Richard himself, his cousin, the duke of Albemarle, landed at
Dublin soon after, with a fleet of one hundred sail, and a powerful
additional force, which joined king Richard, but they could not
reduce the Irish chiefs to subjection; and in Froissart's Chronicles,
it is stated, that it was almost impossible to carry on war in Ire
land, in consequence of the impenetrable and extensive forests,
bogs, and lakes; and the Irish soldiers, he says, were remarkably
strong, and so active, that on foot they could overtake an
English horseman at full speed, leap up behind the rider, and pull
him off his horse. King Richard having appointed the duke of
Gloucester to treat with Mac Murrogh, the duke for that purpose,
marched with a guard of two hundred lancers and one thousand
archers, and held an interview with Mac Murrogh, as hereafter
described, which apparently took place on the borders of Wexford
and Carlow, A Gascon knight, who accompanied king Richard's
army, and was an eye witness of their engagements with the
Irish, wrote an account of this expedition in French, which was
translated into English by sir George Carew, earl of Totness,
lord president of Munster in the reign of Elizabeth. This very
curious and interesting narrative is given in Harris's Hibernica,
from which are extracted the following passages: “After six days
stay at Waterford, the king departed from thence, and marched to
Kilkenny, where he remained fourteen days; and, upon St. John
the Baptist's eve, the king departed from Kilkenny, and marched
towards Mac Murrogh, who styled himself king of Ireland, by
right; and who professed to maintain the war, and to defend the
land unto his death, saying, that the conquest thereof was
wrongful. He remained in his house, the woods, guarded with
three thousand stout men, such as it seemed to me, the English
men marvelled to behold. At the entry of the wood, the
king's army was ranged into order, expecting to have been “This news brought much joy into the English camp, and the fought withall; but the Irishmen did not then appear, where king, by advice his council, sent the earl Gloucester, at upon the king commanded the houses in the woods to be burned, tended with guard two hundred lances, and thousand good which was immediately done, and many villages fired. The archers. Among other gentlemen, was onethat went with them
king's standard, wherein he had three leopards, was advanced,
under which, he knighted the duke of Lancaster's son, who was
a fair and puny bachelor; and to honour him the more, he made
at the same time eight or ten other knights, but what their Irish, descended from mountain, mounted upon horse without
names were, I know not, neither was I very curious to understand.
The king, with his army, being lodged at the entrance into the
woods, as aforesaid, commanded two thousand five hundred of the
country people to cut down the wood, that his way might be made
passable, which was then overgrown with trees, and guarded with
the enemy; and besides, so boggy, that in divers places, as the
soldiers marched, they sunk up to the reins in mire, where they
could not overtake the Irish in their retreat. An open pass being
made, the Irish, in our passage through made such cries and
clamours might have been heard good league off, but still
avoiding us, for fear our archers; yet, they assailed often produced little effect. Mac Murrogh departed his men, and the both the van and rere, casting their darts with such might, earl Gloucester king Richard, whom recounted all
unshod, with halters about their necks, humbly submitted them selves the king, falling prostrate his feet, craving mercy, whom the king freely pardoned, conditionally, that he and his companions should receive oath, from that time forward con tinue his true and loyal subjects. This being done, the king sent
Mac Murrogh submit, with halter about his neck, his uncle had done; and would not only grant him the like mercy, but these places would bestow upon him castles, towns, and ample territories. Unto the king's messengers,Mac Murrogh made
other answer, but this: ‘that for all the gold the world, would not submit himself, but would continue war and endamage the king all that might,’ which bold answer pro ceeded from the knowledge had, that the king's army wanted victuals, and that for money there could not supplied, the present necessity whereof was such, that for the space eleven days the soldiers had lived only upon what they could find the country, formerly wasted, which was very little; their horses also were faint and almost starved, well for want food, by standing uncovered the rain and wind, and this famine many
the king's army perished. biscuit one day between five men was thought good allowance, and some five days together had not bit bread; knights, esquires, and gentlemen likewise, felt this misery, and for mine own part wished myself without one penny my purse Paris. this time three ships laden with victuals came from Dublin, and the hungry soldiers, greedy
food, waded into the sea above their reins, come the ships, where disorder, not abiding by the order for disposing the vic
tuals, they rifled the same and spoiled them, and the confusion many blow was given and received amongst themselves. Here upon the next day the king dislodged and marched towards Dub lin the enemy attended with fierce and fearful outcries, and skirmished often with us. ” At this time, Mac Murrogh proposed
parley with king Richard, and the narrative thus proceeds:
see Mac Murrogh, his behaviour, estate, and forces, and what issue the treaty would grow unto. Between two woods, not far from the sea, Mac Murrogh, attended by multitudes the
saddle, which cost him, was reported, four hundred cows; for that country they bartered exchange horses for beasts, and one commodity for another, and not for ready money. His horse was fair, and his descent from the hill he ran as swift any stag, hare, the swiftest beast that have seen. In his right hand he bore great long dart, which he cast from him with much dexterity. At wood side his men staid behind him, and met the earl little ford, He was tall stature, well composed, strong and active, and his countenance fierce and severe. Much speech passed between the earl and him, but the parley
habergeon, coat mail, were sufficient proof resist their the passages between them. The king this report was much
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REIGN OF HENRY IV. 193 the son of Edmond O’Kelly, confined there, was Niall Oge O'Neill marched with great force
liberated.
into Tirconnell, where destroyed much the
Gregory, son of Tanaidhe O'Maolconry, a man crops and corn; the Tirconnelliams came oppose experienced in his professional calling, the worthy him, and battle ensued, which the Tyronians
intended chief professor of Siol Murray (Roscom were defeated, and many them slain; and many mon), was accidentally killed by the cast of a dart horses were taken from them on that occasion.
from the hand of William Garv, at the Tochar (or Giollapatrick, the son Manus Mac Guire, pass) of Dunamon, in a mistake, and one hundred who was called the Giolla Buidhe, died his own and twenty-six cows were given as an eraic (or fine) house from the effects blood-letting.
for his death. John, son Philip, son Giollaisa Roe O'Reilly,
Roderick, son of Art Mac Gennis, lord of Iveagh lord Brefney, the most hospitable and noble in Ulidia, was slain by the sons of Cu-uladh man his name, died sudden his bed
O’Neill, and by Cahwar Mac Gennis, his own brother.
enraged, swearing by St. Edward that he would never depart out of Ireland until he had Mac Murrogh in his hands, living or dead. Immediately upon the earl's return of the answer aforesaid, the king dislodged, and marched the next way to the city of Dublin, which is a good town, the best in that realm, seated upon the sea and rich in merchandise, where we found such plenty of victuals to relieve our army, horse and foot, consisting of thirty thousand or thereabouts, that the prices of the same did not much increase. The king could not forget Mac Murrogh, to prosecute him, and
Tully Mongan. The king
weeks we remained in Dublin, where we lived in joy and delight; but in that time, reason foul weather and contrary winds, we never heard out England, which undoubtedly, my opinion, was presage that God was displeased with the king. ”
harper, arose from the table remonstrate with him, but per ceived that the house was surrounded with armed forces; bran dishing his sword struck terror into the company, none whom dared attack warrior such gigantic vigour. Mac Murrogh cut his way through the armed forces, mounted his steed, and, spite their efforts, escaped with safety. ” Taaffe quotes from one the ancient annalists the following account the death
As stated the above passages, king Richard, after remaining
six weeks Dublin, having heard the duke Lancaster's
rebellion, proceeded Waterford, and set sail for England
oppose his enemies but Lancaster's party having succeeded, Mac Murrogh: “In this year died Art Mac Murrogh O'Cavanagh,
Richard was forced resign the crown, and after his deposition was imprisoned Pomfret castle, where soon after died, being,
one the greatest heroes the world ever saw had the tongues men and angels would never able relate his merits, the
mighty defender his injured kindred—the valiant avenger tyranny and oppression—the sure refuge the weak and dis
tressed—the patron literature and science—the glory chivalry gone—poor Erin weep; when alas! shall his equal
said, starved Art Mac Murrogh,
called O'Cavenagh,
was descendedfrom the ancient kings Leinster, and was himself elected king that province the chiefs and clans, and chosen
their leader, while only the sixteenth year his age. He was man fine person, tall stature, great strength and
death.
celebrated these transactions, was also
the Mac Murroghs took that name;
activity, and most nndaunted valour; thirty years waged incessant war
more than fifty battles, Yarious parts Leinster, and compelled them pay him tribute permitting them reside that province. personal com bats killed many their stoutest knights, often cleaving the skull mailed warrior, through iron helmet, single blow battle-axe. During time leader the Leinster clans,
the O'Cavanaghs, the O'Nolans, O'Ryans, and O'Murphy's
their forces with great slaughter
for period more than the English, and defeated
A. D. 1400.
The king England's son was Thomas, duke
was second time appointed lord deputy; and 1407, James
Wexford and Carlow, the O'Byrnes and Ó'Tooles sh; Fitzpatricks Ossory, the O'Conors O'Moores and O'Dempseys Leix and Kildare,
Wicklow, Offaley, the gained
England's son' arrived Ireland.
already mentioned, over the English forces. Marleburgh's Chronicle that, the reign king Henry V. , May, 1419, while John Talbot, lord
Furnival, was lord deputy, Mac Murrogh, chief captain
his nation, and all the Irish Leinster, was taken prisoner; and Moore's Ireland mentioned that he was sent to the
many victories,
-
English attempted assassinate Art Mac Murrogh, mentioned these Annals the year 1895; and Taaffe's Ireland the fol lowing account given that affair: “He was invited ban
| divided his army into three parts, commanding them to hunt him
in his woods, and promised to give him that could take him, alive
or dead, an hundred marks in gold; but in my opinion it was
impossible to be effected while the leaves were upon the trees;
but after that time, when the trees were bare, then to burn the
woods would be the best means to do service upon him, and not
otherwise. At this time the earl of Rutland, duke of Aumarle and
high constable of England, with an hundred sails of ships of war,
arrived at Dublin, who was more beloved of the king than any of
his blood, and by his advice he was most directed. Of his coming
the king was exceeding glad, and joy appeared in his face when he
saw him, accusing him of his long absence,which the duke humbly
excused to the king's contentment. During the space of six Murrogh, who becoming indignant the disobedience his
stated
tower London; but these writers have mistaken Donogh Mac
Art, for Art himself, the Four Masters, stated that Donogh Mac Murrogh, king Art Cavenagh, was taken prisoner lord Furnival, “which was lamentable loss the Irish. ” The
Murrogh, the son the year 1419, Leinster, the son
quet the English lords, all whom came secretly armed and Mac Murrogh arrived, accompanied only his bard and one attendant. After the feast the minstrel, placed window, delighted the company with his music, but suddenly changed his notes the Rosg Catha, war song, for which was repri manded Mac Murrogh, and ordered play only festive airs; but the bard again resumed his war ode, which surprised Mac
return? ” these Annals the death the year 1417, the sixtieth year
his government over Leinster, and on his memory.
Mac Murrogh placed his age, and the forty-second
elegant eulogium passed
king Henry IV. , who, then the 20th year
Lancaster, his age, was
son
appointed lord lieutenant Ireland for ten years;
Dalkey with strong force the 13th November, 1401, but returned England A. D. 1403, leaving sir Stephen Scroope his deputy Ireland. 1404, James Butler, earl Ormond, was appointed lord justice; and 1405, Gerald Fitzgerald, earl Kildare, succeeded lord deputy; 1406, sir Stephen Scroope
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194 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1401.
Manus, son of Cuchonacht O'Reilly, the intended lord of Muintir Maolmordha (Cavan), died.
Conor, son of Donal, son of Niall Garv, son of Hugh, son of Donal Oge O'Donnell, went on a predatory excursion across the mountain eastward in Tirconnell, and he and Owen Roe Mac Sweeny fell by each other’s hands.
The sons of Flaherty O’Rourke being expelled from Brefney, went into Tirconnell, from whence they brought with them a party of the Tirconnel lians into Brefney, where they committed great
Butler the younger, earl of Ormond, was lord justice. In 1408,
on the second of August, Thomas, Duke of Lancaster, came again
to Ireland as lord lieutenant, and landed with a large force at Car lingford. In the same year, according toTaaffe and others, a great battle was fought on the plaims of Kilmainham, near Dublin, by the Irish under Art Mac Murrogh O'Cavenach, against the English forces commanded by the duke of Lancaster, in which the English were defeated with great slaughter, particularly at a ford on the Liffey, which was so heaped with dead bodies, that the river was reddened with the blood of the slain, and hence designated Ath cro, or the bloody ford; and the bridge erected there afterwards was known by the name of Bloody Bridge, in modern times Bar rack Bridge. In this battle the duke of Lancaster was severely wounded, and narrowly escaped with his life; he soon after re tired to England, leaving Thomas Butler, prior of Kilmainham,
son of the duke of Ormond, as lord deputy.
A. D. 1401.
1. The two Mac Williams here mentioned were styled Mac William Eighter and Mac William Oughter, two great branches of the Burkes of Connaught, the oneancestorsof the Burkes, earls of Clanrickard, the other of the Burkes, earls of Mayo, of whom ac counts have been given in the notes on North and South Con naught.
Ormond and Desies. In this article will be given the history and topography of the territories comprised in the present counties of Tipperary and Waterford, together with their chiefs and clans,
and the possessionsof each in ancient and moderntimes, collected from the topographies of O'Heerin, O'Brien, and O'Halloran, O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Keating, Ware, Giraldus Cambrensis, Cam den, O'Conor's Rerum Hib. Scrip. , Lanigan's Ecclesistical History, the Annals of the Four Masters and of Inisfallen, Lodge's and other Peerages, Mac Geoghegan's Ireland, Smith's History of Waterford, the Map of Ortelius, Surveys, and various other works.
Ormond, in Irish Oir Mumhan, Oir Mumha, or Urmhumha,
signifying East Munster, was one of the large divisions of ancient Munster, as explained in the note on Thomond, and the Kingdom of Munster, at A. D. 1364. Ancient Ormond extended from Gabh ran, now Gowran, in the county of Kilkenny, and westward to Cnamhchoill, or Cleathchoill, near the town of Tipperary, and from Bearman Eile, now Barnamelly, a parish in the county of Tippe rary, in which is situated the Devil's Bit Mountain, and from thence southward to Oilean-ui-Bhric, or O'Bric's Island, near Bonmahon, on the coast of Waterford, thus comprising the greater part of Tipperary, with parts of the counties of Kilkenny and Wa terford. The name of Ormond is still retained in the two baronies of Ormond, in Tipperary.
Desies, in Irish Deise, was an ancient territory comprising the greater part of Waterford, with a part of Tipperary, and got name from the tribe the Deisigh, called also Desii. These Desii, Desians, were descended from Fiacha Suidhe, son Feilimidh Reachtmar, who was monarch Ireland the second century. This Fiacha Suidhe was brother the celebrated Con
the Hundred Battles, monarch Ireland; hence the Desians,
plunder on O’Rourke, which they carried off into Tirconnell.
A. D. 140l.
Malachy O'Kelly, lord of Hy Maine, a man of great hospitality and humanity, and Thomas, son of sir Edmond Burke, that is Edmond Albanach, the son of William, lord of the English of Con naught, died, after having gained the victory of re pentance; two Mac Williams' were appointed after
his descendants, were branch the Heremonians; they pos
sessed Meath large territory, called from them Deise, Deise Teamrach, that Deise Tara, being situated near Tara, and the
name this ancient territory still retained
the two baronies Cormac, monarch Deise Meath,
Deece, Ireland
grandson
the county Meath. the reign the third century, Aongus, prince
Fiacha Suidhe, resenting the exclusion his own
branch from the monarchy, waged rebellion against king Cormac,
and with body forces broke into the palace Tara, wounded
Cormac, and killed his son Ceallach, 278; but Cormac,
having quelled the rebellion seven successive battles, drove Aongus and his accomplices into Munster, where they got settle
ments from Oilioll Olum, king Munster, who granted them the lands extending from the river Suir southward the sea, and from Lismore Cean Criadain, Creadan Head, thus comprising almost the whole the territory afterwards called Waterford, and they gave that country the name Deise, Nandesi, which was called Deisi Munster, distinguish from Deise Meath. The Desians becoming numerous and powerful Munster, Aongus, king Munster the fifth century, conferred them additional lands, and annexed their territory Magh Feimin, which extended north the river Suir, far Corca Eathrach, comprising the country called Machaire Caisil, the Plain Cashel, and dis tricts about Clonmel, forming the present barony Middlethird, with part Offa, Tipperary. The territory comprised this grant king Aongus was distinguished the name Deise Tuaisceart, North Desie, and the old territory, Waterford, was called Deise Deisceart, South Desie. The name Desie still retained the two baronies Decies, the county Waterford. The two principal families the Desians were the O’Felans, styled princes Desies, and the O'Brics,
The Menapians. According
his Map Ancient Ireland,
Ware, the Menapii were the inhabitants the territories now forming the counties Waterford and Wexford, chiefly located along the sea coasts. These Menapians were colony from Belgic Gaul, Northern Germany, according Camden, which coincides with the accounts our ancient annalists; for these Menapians from Belgium were the same the Firbolg, i. e. Viri Belgici, Belgian men our old writers, who state that Inver Slaine,
the Bay Slaney, from which the river Slaney Wexford de rives its name, was the chief landing place the first Firbolgs who arrived Ireland. Caesar, his commentaries, speaks the Menapians Belgic Gaul very valiant people, whose manner making war the Romans was, retiring with their valuable property, cattle, &c. into woods, morasses, and inacessi ble places, and thence making sudden assaults upon the Romans,
mode warfare precisely similar that adopted by the Irish clans against the English. Caesar, order subdue them, em ployed his army cutting down the woods, and wasting their villages; and the same plans were put into practice by king Richard II. Ireland, detailed note these Annals the year 1399. On Ptolemy's Map the city Menapia considered
that afterwards called Wexford, but others suppose have been Waterford.
The Coriondi, whom account has beengiven the note
chiefs Desies.
the Greek geographer Ptolemy,
the second century, given by
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on Desmond, as some of the ancient inhabitants of Cork, are placed on Ptolemy's Map also in the territory afterwards called Tippe rary; and according to Ptolemy's Map, by Ware, the Udaei, or Ouodiai, also inhabited part of Tipperary, and appear to be the
same as the Clanna Deagha, or Ua Deghaidh of the Irish writers, called Degadii by Charles O'Conor; and these Degadians were
celebrated ancient tribes in Munster, who originally emigrated
from Ulster, and of whom an account has been given in the notes on Thomond and Desmond.
Cathal Roe Mac Rannall, chief of Muintir Eo of Malachy Mac Rannall.
bably preached the Gospel there before his time. St. Ailbe, of Emly, is celebrated as the patron saint of Munster; Declan of Ard more,and Ibar of Wexford, were also celebrated saints at the same time, in the fifth century, and these, together with Carthach of Lismore, Finbarr of Cork, and Brendan of Kerry, are the cele brated patron saints of Munster.
Danish Wars. -In the beginning of the ninth century, the Scandinavians or Danes, Swedes and Norwegians, invaded Ire land, and during the whole of the ninth and tenth centuries, made several expeditions hither, with powerful fleets and forces, and ravaged and laid waste the entire country, repeatedly plundering and burning abbeys, churches, colleges, cities, and towns, with all the violence of Pagan fury. The celebrated Danish king and warrior Regnar Lodbrog, who had overrun a great part of Eng land, also invaded Ireland with a powerful force, in the beginning of the ninth century, and fought many great battles with the Irish kings, asnarrated in the Danish chronicles of Snorro Sturleson, Saxo Grammaticus, and Torfeus, in Johnstone's Celto-Scandina vian and Celto-Normanic Antiquities, and in Turner's Anglo
REIGN OF HENRY IV. 195
Thomas Burke, namely, Ulic, son of Ricard Oge,
was made Mac William, and Walter, son of Tho
mas Burke was made another Mac William, but
yielded submission to Mac William of Clanricard, luis, was slain at Druim Chubra, by Geoffrey, son in seniority.
In the early ages, as already explained in the notes on Tho
mond and Desmond, the Heberians and Ithians alternately ruled
as kings of Munster. In the third century the Heberians, or race
of Heber, were divided into three great branches, namely, the
Eugenians, Dalcassians, and Clan Kian, and kings of the Euge
nian and Dalcassian race alternately ruled over Munster, from the
third to the eleventh century. The Dalcassians were kings of
Thomond, or the counties of Clare, Limerick, and part of Tippe
rary, and the head family of them were the O'Briens, kings of
Thomond. The Eugenians were kings of Desmond, or the counties
of Cork and Kerry, with parts of Tipperary and Waterford, and Saxons. It is said that Regnar remained a year at Dublin, and the head family of them were the MacCarthys, kings of Desmond.
The other branch of the Heberians, called Clan Kian, were chiefly
located in Ormond, and an account of them will be given in the
subsequent part of the present article. In the third century
Donal O’Malley, lord of Umalia (in Mayo), died at an advanced age.
i
amongst the Irish kings he had conquered, are mentioned Mel bric and Marstein, and three kings of Leinster. Amongst the battles fought by Regnar with the Irish kings, is mentioned one at Vedra Fiord or Waterford, and in the Epicedium, or Death song of Regnar Lodbrog, translated by Johnstone from the Danish, occurs the following passage respecting this great battle:—
Fiacha Muilleathan, a celebrated king of Munster, had his resi
dence at Rath Naoi, near Cashel, now called Knock-Raffan, and
this Fiacha granted to Cairbre Musc, son of the king of Meath, a
famous bard, as a reward for his poems, an extensive territory,
called from him Muscrith Tire, comprising the two present baro
nies of Ormond, in the county of Tipperary, The kings of Des
mond, of the Eugenian race, were also styled kings of Cashel, as
they chiefly resided there. The name of Cashel, in Irish, Caisiol,
or Caiseal, signifies a stone fortress or castle; or, according to
others, a rock; or, as stated in Cormac's Glossary, is derived
from Cios rent, and ail, a rock, signifying the rock of tribute,
as the people paid tribute there to the kings. The for
tress of the kings was situated on the great rock of Cashel, and
Corc, king of Munster, of the Eugenian race, in the fourth cen
tury, was the first who made Cashel a royal residence; and the
surrounding country was called Corca Eathrach, a territory which
was first possessed by the descendants of Amergin, oneof the sons
of Milesius, and extended from Tipraid-Farann, near the abbey of ster, but were defeated by Art, son of Cathal, king of Munster,
Holy Cross, to Dunandreas, and northward to Knockraffan; it was near Lough Lein, or the Lakes of Killarney. Felim, son of Crim
than, of the Eugenian race, a celebrated warrior, was about this period king of Cashel, and defeated the Danish forces in a great battle, and pursued them to their ships with great slaughter. Felim, having resigned the crown, becamea monk and died, A. D. 846. Olchobhar, bishop of Emly, of the Eugenian race, suc
ceeded Felim as king of Cashel, and assisted by Lorcan, king of Leinster, they collected their forces, and A. D. 848, fought a great battle with the Danes, according to the Annals of Inisfallen, at Sgiath Neachtain, in Desies, in which the foreigners were defeated, and twelve hundred of them slain, together with the princes Tomar and Eric, their chief commanders; and in two other battles, the same year, seventeen hundred of the Danish forces were slain by the Irish, under Olchobar. It has been stated by some writers that Olchohar himself was killed in one of those battles, but that account is erroneous, for he did not die till A. D. 850, as mentioned by Lanigan, and in Ware's Bishops of Emly. A. D. 831, the Dales and Norwegians landed a power ful force at Waterford, and proceeding to Lismore, plundered and burned its celebrated college, together with the churches and city. A. D. 833, Cork and Lismore were plundered and burned by the Danes. A. D. 842, Cork, Ferns, and Clonfert were plundered and burned, and their bishops slain by the Danes; and the abbey of
2C2
also called Machaire Chaisil or the plain of Cashel, and also Eogan acht Cashel. This Corc, before he became king of Munster, re sided some time in Albany or North Britain, where he married Mongfinna, daughter of Feredach, king of the Picts, and the princes descendedfrom this marriage were, as stated in O'Flaherty's Ogygia (vol. II. p. 304), progenitors of the great Stewarts or earls of Len nox and Marr in Scotland. Nathfrach, son of Corc, by Abinda, daughter of Aongus, prince of Corca Luighe, became king of Mun ster, and his son, Aongus, was the first Christian king of Munster.
St. Patrick, according to Lanigan and other authorities, pro ceeded on his mission to Munster, A. D. 445, and spent seven years in his conversion of the people of that province to the Chris tian faith. He converted Aongus, king of Munster, at Cashel, and a remarkable circumstance is mentioned as having occurred at the baptismal ceremony, the king's foot having beenaccidentally pierced by the iron point of St. Patrick's staff or crozier, on which he inadvertently leant, but the king patiently bore the pain, con sidering it a part of the ceremony. According to Usher, O'Fla herty, and others, the Christian faith was propagated to some ex tent in Munster by SS. Ailbe, Declan, and Ibar, as precursors of St. Patrick, but Lanigan doubts these accounts, and states that those saints, though contemporary with Saint Patrick, had not pro
“In heaps promiscuous were piled the enemy,
Glad was the kindred of the Falcon,
From the clamorous shouts they boded an approaching
feast
Marstein, Erin's king, whelmed by the iron sleet, Allayed the hunger of the Wolf and Eagle,
And the slain at Vedra’s Ford
Became the raven's booty. ”
Among the Scandinavians the wolf and raven were sacred to their great Deity Odin ; hence they are here mentioned by the Danish poet, and the figure of a raven was also the chief ensign borne on the Danish standards in battle.
A. D. 812, the Danes landed a powerful force in West Mun
196 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A.