For his sermons, printed from a
Cambridge
MS,
32
E.
32
E.
Cambridge History of English Literature - 1908 - v02
M.
, Oxford, 1889.
Baston, Robert (A. 1300), scholar of Oxfor and poet, of whom it is asserted
that, when captured by Robert Bruce, he was obliged to buy his release
by composing poems of exultation over the defeat of the English.
Cott. MS, Titus A. XX.
Berners, Dame Juliana. Cf. Le Venery de Twety, Reliq. Ant. , vol. I, p. 149,
and also The Booke of Hawkyng, Rel. Ant. , vol. 1. p. 293.
Blaneforde, Henry (f. 1330), chronicler. Ed. Riley, H. T. , in Chronica
Monast. S. Albani. Rolls Series. 1866.
Brampton, T. Paraphrase on the Seven Penitential Psalms (1414). Percy
Society. 1842.
Elmbam, Thomas (d. 1440 ? ), chronicler of St Augustine's monastery,
Canterbury, and biographer of Henry V. Ed. Hardwick, C. Rolls
Series. 1858. Memorials of Henry V. Ed. Cole, C. A. Rolls Series.
1858. See also ed. Hearn, T. , Oxford, 1727.
Fabyan, Robert (d. 1513), a careful will-maker, if a poor chronicler, whose
Concordance of Histories, printed by Pynson, 1516, ed. Ellis, H. , 1811,
is not without its value with respect to the history of London. See
Warton, T. , Hist. Eng. Poet. , vol. 11 (1840), sect. XXVII.
Gascoigne, T. (1403-58). Dictionarium Theologicum. Extracts printed by
J. E. Thorold Rogers, Oxford, 1881, illustrative of matters concerning
church and state.
Geoffrey the Grammarian, or Starkey (A. 1440), author of an English-Latin
dictionary, Promptorium Parvulorum or Promptuarium Parvulorum
Clericorum. A work of much importance with respect to 15th cent. East
Anglian English. Printed by Pynson, Wynkyn de Worde, etc. Ed.
Way, A. 3 vols. Camden Soc. 1843-65. The E. E. T. S. has an edition
in hand. A Hortus, or Latin-English dictionary, printed by Wynkyn de
Worde in 1500, may be based on another of Starkey's works.
Grey, Wm. (d. 1478), scholar of Oxford, bishop of Ely, humanist and
collector of books, many of which are still among the treasures of Balliol.
See vol. 111 of the present work, chapter I.
Hardyng, John (1378–1465 ? ), chronicler. Of the literary merit of Hardyng's
English Chronicle in Metre fro the first Begynning of Englande unto
the Reigne of Edwarde the Fourth (printed by Grafton in 1543 and
reprinted by Ellis, H. , in 1812), little can be said save that, though be
‘poisoned the wells' by manufacturing certain of his documents, he
carried on the work of the earlier chroniclers. See Palgrave, F. , Docu-
ments and records illustrating the history of Scotland, 1837.
## p. 497 (#515) ############################################
Chapter XVIII
497
a
Humphrey, duke of Gloucester (1391-1447). The 'good duke Humphrey,
a lover of books and a beneficent disposer of them, patron and friend
of many scholars, of Ashley, Capgrave, Lydgate, Pecock, Whethamstede,
'kept such a house as was never yet kept in England' (Latimer),
gave his books to a university which still cherishes his name in its library
and should be remembered among the people of importance' in the 15th
century. The part taken by him in the foundation of libraries will be con-
sidered in a later section of the present work devoted to book-collections.
See Ten Brink, B. , Hist. Eng. Lit. , vol. 11, Eng. trans. , 1901, pp. 310 ff. and
319 ff. ; Warton, T. , History of English Poetry, 1840, vol. II, sect. xx,
pp. 264 ff. ; and Pauli, R. , Pictures of Old England (Eng. trans. ),
1861.
Ingulph (d. 1109), abbot of Crowland or Croyland. For the fourteenth and
fifteenth century chronicle erroneously associated with his name, see
Savile, H. , Scriptores post Bedam, 1596; Riley, H. T. , 1854; Liebermann,
F. , Über ostenglische Geschichtsquellen des 12, 13, 14 Jahrhunderts
besonders den falschen Ingulf (N. Archiv f. ält. deutsche Gesch. -Kunde,
Bd. XVIII, Hanover, 1892); Birch, W. de G. , Chronicle of Croyland
Abbey, 1883; Searle, W. G. , Ingulf and the Historia Croylandensis, Camb.
Antiq. Soc. , 1894.
John of Bury (A. 1460), Cambridge scholar and opponent of Pecock. MS of
Gladius Salomonis in Bodleian, extracts in Babington's ed. of Pecock's
Repressor.
Knighton (or Cnitthon), Henry (ft. 1363), chronicler (from the days of
Edgar to 1366). The continuation of Knighton's work, by another hand,
is valuable in respect of Wyclif and the peasants' revolt. Ed. Lumby,
J. R. Rolls Series. 1889-95.
Lanercost Chronicle (1201-1346), useful for the history of the Border, etc.
Ed. Stevenson, J. 1839. Imbedded in this chronicle, under date 1244, is
the English couplet
Wille Gris, Wille Gris,
Thinche twat you was, and qwat you es,
which refers to the Norfolk peasant boy who went to seek his fortune
possessing naught but a little pig. The swineboy married a rich widow
and he kept his former state before him by a picture of himself and
his pig inscribed as above. See Craik, G. L. , Hist. of Eng. Lit. , vol. I,
1869, p. 226; and Chronicon de Lanercost, p. 52.
Lauder, William. Minor Poems. Ed. Furnivall, F. J. E. E. T. S. XLI,
1870.
Litchfield, Wm. (d. 1447), poet and preacher. His poems are among the
Caius MSS, No. 174, Cambridge. He is said to have written over 3000
9
9
sermons.
Littleton, Sir Thomas (1402-81), author of a work on Tenures, in law-
French, of which it has been said that 'probably no legal treatise ever
combined so much of the substance with so little of the show of learning,
or so happily avoided pedantic formalism without forfeiting precision
of statement' (J. M. Rigg, in D. of N. B. ). Littleton's book will be
further dealt with in a later section of the present work dealing with
legal literature. MSS in Cambridge University library, Mm. 5. 2,
Ee. 1. 2, Dd. 11. 60; first edition published by Letton and Machlinia;
later, by Pynson, c. 1495 ff. See ed. Tomlins, T. E. , 1841. Littleton's will
throws interesting light on the contents of his library.
Losinga, Herbert de (1054 ? -1119), first bishop of Norwich and founder
of Norwich cathedral.
For his sermons, printed from a Cambridge MS,
32
E. L. II.
## p. 498 (#516) ############################################
498
Bibliography
see Goulburn, E. M. and Symonds, H. , Life, Letters and Sermons of
Bp H. de L. , 2 vols. , 1878. The letters throw much light on current
monastic life and on educational method.
Lyndwood, William (1375 ? -1446), Cambridge and Oxford scholar, canonist
and author of Constitutiones Provinciales Ecclesiae Anglicanae, printed
by Wynkyn de Worde, c. 1496. There was an earlier Oxford printed
edition, and a later Oxford edition is the folio of 1679.
Metham, John. Works. Ed. Craig, H. E. E. T. 8. 1906.
Mirk, John (f. 1403? ). Festial (sermons, explaining feast days). Ed. Erbe, T.
E. E. T. S. 1905. Printed by Caxton, 1483.
Manuale Sacerdotum. For MSS, see Miss Bateson's article in
D. of N. B.
Duties of a Parish Priest. Ed. Peacock, E. E. E. T. S. 1868. This
poem, which Mirk says he translated from the Latin Pars Oculi, is neither
a versified translation of John de Burgh's Pupilla Oculi (a dictionary
of theological subjects alphabetically arranged), nor of Mirk's Manual,
as has been suggested, but of the Pupilla Oculi by William de Pagula. '
M. Bateson.
Murimuth, Adam (1275? -1347), scholar of Oxford and chronicler of the
period 1303-47. Ed. Thompson, E. M. Rolls Series. 1889.
Osbern, a learned monk of Gloucester. For his 'immense etymological
Latin dictionary,' see Bateson, M. , Medieval England, p. 242.
Otterbourne, Thomas (A. 1400), chronicler (from the early history of
England to 1420). MS Harl. 3643. See T. Hearne's Duo rerum Angl.
script. , Oxford, 1732.
Ratis Raving and other moral and religious pieces, in prose and verse.
Ed. from Camb. MS, Kk. 1. 5, by Lumby, J. R. 1870. E. E. T. S. XLIII.
Richard of St Victor (d. 1173? ), mystic and philosopher. Of Scotch birth,
but whose life was spent in the Parisian abbey of St Victor. For a list of
his works see the article by Kingsford, C. L. , in D. of N. B. See also
Migne, J. P. , Pat. Latina, vol. cxcvi.
Robert of Avesbury (A. 1350), military chronicler of the deeds of Edw. III
to 1356. Ed. Thompson, E. M. Rolls Series. 1889.
Rous or Ross, John (1411 ? -1491), Oxford scholar and antiquary, author
of Historia Regum Angliae (Cott. MS Vesp. A. XII: see ed. Hearne, T. ,
1745), from the beginning to 1486. While his history is of little value,
the designs which adorn his life of Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick
(Cott. MS Jul. E. iv), are of some interest.
Scogan, Henry (1361 ? -1407), poet and friend of Chancer. He must not be
confused with the somewhat mythical John Scogan (f. 1480 ? ), court
jester to Edw. IV, whose jests were collected in the 16th cent.
Stanbridge, John (1463–1510), scholar of Oxford and author of Vocabula,
Vulgaria, etc. , school books printed by Wynkyn de Worde early in the
16th cent. See Hazlitt, W. C. , Schools, School books and Schoolmasters,
1888.
Swineshead, Richard (A. 1350), scholar of Oxford and mathematician.
See Brodrick, G. C. , Memorials of Merton, Oxford Hist. Soc. , 1885.
Thomas of Burton. Chronica monast. de Melsa usque ad a. 1396, etc. Ed.
Bond, E. A. 3 vols. Rolls Series. 1866-8.
Thorne, William (A. 1397), author of an important chronicle of the abbots
of St Augustine's, Canterbury. Ed. Twysden, Sir R. Hist. Anglicanae
script. X. 1652. (Twysden includes Simeon Dunelm, Joh Hagustald,
Ricardus Hagustald, Ailredus Rievall, Radulphus de Diceto, Joh
Brompton Jornall, Gervasius Doroborn, T. Stubbs, G. Thorn,
H. Knighton. )
## p. 499 (#517) ############################################
Chapter XVIII
499
Tiptoft, John, earl of Worcester (14272-70), patron of scholars, purchaser
of books, translator of Cicero and as cruel a man as any of the tyrants
of the Italian renascence. Among the scholars whom John Tiptoft
patronised, John Phreas (d. 1465) must not be forgotten. He was one of
the remarkable company of students who sought knowledge in Italy,
before the revival of letters made itself felt in England. And an earlier
patron of Phreas was William Grey of Balliol, bishop of Ely, whose
love of classical learning had taken him abroad to procure books and
whose college and cathedral benefited largely through his generous
gifts.
Walsingham, Thomas (d. 1422), chronicler. Chronicon Angliae (1328-88),
ed. Thompson, E. M. , 1874; Gesta Abbatum 793-1411, Rolls Series, 3 vols. ,
1867 ff. ; Historia Anglicana (1272-1422), ed. Riley, H. T. , Rolls Series,
2 vols. , 1863; Ypodigma Neustriae, ed. Riley, H. T. , Rolls Series, 1876.
As indicated in previous chapters, Walsingham is of chief importance in
connection with Wyclif and the peasants' revolt. He is an adverse
witness in the matter of the Lollards. The relation of the above
chronicles to each other and to other chronicles and MSS is discussed by
Leadam, I. S. , in the D. of N. B.
Walton, John (f. 1410), translator (in verse) of Boethius, printed in 1525 as
*The boke of Comfort, etc. For MSS, see Pollard, A. F. , in D. of N. B.
See also Warton, T. , Hist. Eng. Poet. , vol. II, sect. xx (1840), pp. 255-6.
Walter of Henley's Husbandry, etc.
Baston, Robert (A. 1300), scholar of Oxfor and poet, of whom it is asserted
that, when captured by Robert Bruce, he was obliged to buy his release
by composing poems of exultation over the defeat of the English.
Cott. MS, Titus A. XX.
Berners, Dame Juliana. Cf. Le Venery de Twety, Reliq. Ant. , vol. I, p. 149,
and also The Booke of Hawkyng, Rel. Ant. , vol. 1. p. 293.
Blaneforde, Henry (f. 1330), chronicler. Ed. Riley, H. T. , in Chronica
Monast. S. Albani. Rolls Series. 1866.
Brampton, T. Paraphrase on the Seven Penitential Psalms (1414). Percy
Society. 1842.
Elmbam, Thomas (d. 1440 ? ), chronicler of St Augustine's monastery,
Canterbury, and biographer of Henry V. Ed. Hardwick, C. Rolls
Series. 1858. Memorials of Henry V. Ed. Cole, C. A. Rolls Series.
1858. See also ed. Hearn, T. , Oxford, 1727.
Fabyan, Robert (d. 1513), a careful will-maker, if a poor chronicler, whose
Concordance of Histories, printed by Pynson, 1516, ed. Ellis, H. , 1811,
is not without its value with respect to the history of London. See
Warton, T. , Hist. Eng. Poet. , vol. 11 (1840), sect. XXVII.
Gascoigne, T. (1403-58). Dictionarium Theologicum. Extracts printed by
J. E. Thorold Rogers, Oxford, 1881, illustrative of matters concerning
church and state.
Geoffrey the Grammarian, or Starkey (A. 1440), author of an English-Latin
dictionary, Promptorium Parvulorum or Promptuarium Parvulorum
Clericorum. A work of much importance with respect to 15th cent. East
Anglian English. Printed by Pynson, Wynkyn de Worde, etc. Ed.
Way, A. 3 vols. Camden Soc. 1843-65. The E. E. T. S. has an edition
in hand. A Hortus, or Latin-English dictionary, printed by Wynkyn de
Worde in 1500, may be based on another of Starkey's works.
Grey, Wm. (d. 1478), scholar of Oxford, bishop of Ely, humanist and
collector of books, many of which are still among the treasures of Balliol.
See vol. 111 of the present work, chapter I.
Hardyng, John (1378–1465 ? ), chronicler. Of the literary merit of Hardyng's
English Chronicle in Metre fro the first Begynning of Englande unto
the Reigne of Edwarde the Fourth (printed by Grafton in 1543 and
reprinted by Ellis, H. , in 1812), little can be said save that, though be
‘poisoned the wells' by manufacturing certain of his documents, he
carried on the work of the earlier chroniclers. See Palgrave, F. , Docu-
ments and records illustrating the history of Scotland, 1837.
## p. 497 (#515) ############################################
Chapter XVIII
497
a
Humphrey, duke of Gloucester (1391-1447). The 'good duke Humphrey,
a lover of books and a beneficent disposer of them, patron and friend
of many scholars, of Ashley, Capgrave, Lydgate, Pecock, Whethamstede,
'kept such a house as was never yet kept in England' (Latimer),
gave his books to a university which still cherishes his name in its library
and should be remembered among the people of importance' in the 15th
century. The part taken by him in the foundation of libraries will be con-
sidered in a later section of the present work devoted to book-collections.
See Ten Brink, B. , Hist. Eng. Lit. , vol. 11, Eng. trans. , 1901, pp. 310 ff. and
319 ff. ; Warton, T. , History of English Poetry, 1840, vol. II, sect. xx,
pp. 264 ff. ; and Pauli, R. , Pictures of Old England (Eng. trans. ),
1861.
Ingulph (d. 1109), abbot of Crowland or Croyland. For the fourteenth and
fifteenth century chronicle erroneously associated with his name, see
Savile, H. , Scriptores post Bedam, 1596; Riley, H. T. , 1854; Liebermann,
F. , Über ostenglische Geschichtsquellen des 12, 13, 14 Jahrhunderts
besonders den falschen Ingulf (N. Archiv f. ält. deutsche Gesch. -Kunde,
Bd. XVIII, Hanover, 1892); Birch, W. de G. , Chronicle of Croyland
Abbey, 1883; Searle, W. G. , Ingulf and the Historia Croylandensis, Camb.
Antiq. Soc. , 1894.
John of Bury (A. 1460), Cambridge scholar and opponent of Pecock. MS of
Gladius Salomonis in Bodleian, extracts in Babington's ed. of Pecock's
Repressor.
Knighton (or Cnitthon), Henry (ft. 1363), chronicler (from the days of
Edgar to 1366). The continuation of Knighton's work, by another hand,
is valuable in respect of Wyclif and the peasants' revolt. Ed. Lumby,
J. R. Rolls Series. 1889-95.
Lanercost Chronicle (1201-1346), useful for the history of the Border, etc.
Ed. Stevenson, J. 1839. Imbedded in this chronicle, under date 1244, is
the English couplet
Wille Gris, Wille Gris,
Thinche twat you was, and qwat you es,
which refers to the Norfolk peasant boy who went to seek his fortune
possessing naught but a little pig. The swineboy married a rich widow
and he kept his former state before him by a picture of himself and
his pig inscribed as above. See Craik, G. L. , Hist. of Eng. Lit. , vol. I,
1869, p. 226; and Chronicon de Lanercost, p. 52.
Lauder, William. Minor Poems. Ed. Furnivall, F. J. E. E. T. S. XLI,
1870.
Litchfield, Wm. (d. 1447), poet and preacher. His poems are among the
Caius MSS, No. 174, Cambridge. He is said to have written over 3000
9
9
sermons.
Littleton, Sir Thomas (1402-81), author of a work on Tenures, in law-
French, of which it has been said that 'probably no legal treatise ever
combined so much of the substance with so little of the show of learning,
or so happily avoided pedantic formalism without forfeiting precision
of statement' (J. M. Rigg, in D. of N. B. ). Littleton's book will be
further dealt with in a later section of the present work dealing with
legal literature. MSS in Cambridge University library, Mm. 5. 2,
Ee. 1. 2, Dd. 11. 60; first edition published by Letton and Machlinia;
later, by Pynson, c. 1495 ff. See ed. Tomlins, T. E. , 1841. Littleton's will
throws interesting light on the contents of his library.
Losinga, Herbert de (1054 ? -1119), first bishop of Norwich and founder
of Norwich cathedral.
For his sermons, printed from a Cambridge MS,
32
E. L. II.
## p. 498 (#516) ############################################
498
Bibliography
see Goulburn, E. M. and Symonds, H. , Life, Letters and Sermons of
Bp H. de L. , 2 vols. , 1878. The letters throw much light on current
monastic life and on educational method.
Lyndwood, William (1375 ? -1446), Cambridge and Oxford scholar, canonist
and author of Constitutiones Provinciales Ecclesiae Anglicanae, printed
by Wynkyn de Worde, c. 1496. There was an earlier Oxford printed
edition, and a later Oxford edition is the folio of 1679.
Metham, John. Works. Ed. Craig, H. E. E. T. 8. 1906.
Mirk, John (f. 1403? ). Festial (sermons, explaining feast days). Ed. Erbe, T.
E. E. T. S. 1905. Printed by Caxton, 1483.
Manuale Sacerdotum. For MSS, see Miss Bateson's article in
D. of N. B.
Duties of a Parish Priest. Ed. Peacock, E. E. E. T. S. 1868. This
poem, which Mirk says he translated from the Latin Pars Oculi, is neither
a versified translation of John de Burgh's Pupilla Oculi (a dictionary
of theological subjects alphabetically arranged), nor of Mirk's Manual,
as has been suggested, but of the Pupilla Oculi by William de Pagula. '
M. Bateson.
Murimuth, Adam (1275? -1347), scholar of Oxford and chronicler of the
period 1303-47. Ed. Thompson, E. M. Rolls Series. 1889.
Osbern, a learned monk of Gloucester. For his 'immense etymological
Latin dictionary,' see Bateson, M. , Medieval England, p. 242.
Otterbourne, Thomas (A. 1400), chronicler (from the early history of
England to 1420). MS Harl. 3643. See T. Hearne's Duo rerum Angl.
script. , Oxford, 1732.
Ratis Raving and other moral and religious pieces, in prose and verse.
Ed. from Camb. MS, Kk. 1. 5, by Lumby, J. R. 1870. E. E. T. S. XLIII.
Richard of St Victor (d. 1173? ), mystic and philosopher. Of Scotch birth,
but whose life was spent in the Parisian abbey of St Victor. For a list of
his works see the article by Kingsford, C. L. , in D. of N. B. See also
Migne, J. P. , Pat. Latina, vol. cxcvi.
Robert of Avesbury (A. 1350), military chronicler of the deeds of Edw. III
to 1356. Ed. Thompson, E. M. Rolls Series. 1889.
Rous or Ross, John (1411 ? -1491), Oxford scholar and antiquary, author
of Historia Regum Angliae (Cott. MS Vesp. A. XII: see ed. Hearne, T. ,
1745), from the beginning to 1486. While his history is of little value,
the designs which adorn his life of Richard Beauchamp, earl of Warwick
(Cott. MS Jul. E. iv), are of some interest.
Scogan, Henry (1361 ? -1407), poet and friend of Chancer. He must not be
confused with the somewhat mythical John Scogan (f. 1480 ? ), court
jester to Edw. IV, whose jests were collected in the 16th cent.
Stanbridge, John (1463–1510), scholar of Oxford and author of Vocabula,
Vulgaria, etc. , school books printed by Wynkyn de Worde early in the
16th cent. See Hazlitt, W. C. , Schools, School books and Schoolmasters,
1888.
Swineshead, Richard (A. 1350), scholar of Oxford and mathematician.
See Brodrick, G. C. , Memorials of Merton, Oxford Hist. Soc. , 1885.
Thomas of Burton. Chronica monast. de Melsa usque ad a. 1396, etc. Ed.
Bond, E. A. 3 vols. Rolls Series. 1866-8.
Thorne, William (A. 1397), author of an important chronicle of the abbots
of St Augustine's, Canterbury. Ed. Twysden, Sir R. Hist. Anglicanae
script. X. 1652. (Twysden includes Simeon Dunelm, Joh Hagustald,
Ricardus Hagustald, Ailredus Rievall, Radulphus de Diceto, Joh
Brompton Jornall, Gervasius Doroborn, T. Stubbs, G. Thorn,
H. Knighton. )
## p. 499 (#517) ############################################
Chapter XVIII
499
Tiptoft, John, earl of Worcester (14272-70), patron of scholars, purchaser
of books, translator of Cicero and as cruel a man as any of the tyrants
of the Italian renascence. Among the scholars whom John Tiptoft
patronised, John Phreas (d. 1465) must not be forgotten. He was one of
the remarkable company of students who sought knowledge in Italy,
before the revival of letters made itself felt in England. And an earlier
patron of Phreas was William Grey of Balliol, bishop of Ely, whose
love of classical learning had taken him abroad to procure books and
whose college and cathedral benefited largely through his generous
gifts.
Walsingham, Thomas (d. 1422), chronicler. Chronicon Angliae (1328-88),
ed. Thompson, E. M. , 1874; Gesta Abbatum 793-1411, Rolls Series, 3 vols. ,
1867 ff. ; Historia Anglicana (1272-1422), ed. Riley, H. T. , Rolls Series,
2 vols. , 1863; Ypodigma Neustriae, ed. Riley, H. T. , Rolls Series, 1876.
As indicated in previous chapters, Walsingham is of chief importance in
connection with Wyclif and the peasants' revolt. He is an adverse
witness in the matter of the Lollards. The relation of the above
chronicles to each other and to other chronicles and MSS is discussed by
Leadam, I. S. , in the D. of N. B.
Walton, John (f. 1410), translator (in verse) of Boethius, printed in 1525 as
*The boke of Comfort, etc. For MSS, see Pollard, A. F. , in D. of N. B.
See also Warton, T. , Hist. Eng. Poet. , vol. II, sect. xx (1840), pp. 255-6.
Walter of Henley's Husbandry, etc.
