No More Learning

D.
C. T. A. CHARLES THOMAS ARNOLD, M. A.
One of the Masters in Rugby School.
J. E. B. JOHN ERNEST BODE, M. A.
Student of Christ Church, Oxford.
Ch. A. B. CARISTIAN A. BRANDIS,
Professor in the University of Bonp:::
E. H. B. · EDWARD HekßEXT BONBORY; M. A.
Late Fellow, 9f Dinity Colėgėj Coombridge.
0 A J. C.
ALBANY JAMES CHRISTIE, M. A.
Late Fellor of Oriel College, Oxford.
A. H. C. ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH, MA.
Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford.
G. E. L. C. GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH COTTON, M. A.
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge; one of the Masters in
Rugby School.
S. D. SAMUEL DAVIDSON, LL. D.
W. F. D. WILLIAM FISHBURN DONKIN, M. A.
Savilian Professor of Astronomy in the University of Oxford.
DW. B. D. WILLIAM BODHAM DONNE.
Stechert. 3 v
IT. D.
THOMAS DYER.
DE. E.
EDWARD ELDER, M. A.
Head Master of Durham School.
2J
J. T. G. JOAN THOMAS GRAVES, M. A. , F. R. S.
W. A. G. William ALEXANDER GREENHILL, M. D.
Trinity College, Oxford.
G. ALGERNON GRENFELL, M. A.
One of the Masters in Rugby School.
เลี้ยง
.
U OF MBINDER
37981
2 Whi


## p. vi (#14) ##############################################

vi
LIST OF WRITERS.
.
INITIALS.
NAMES.
W. M. G. WILLIAM MAXWELL GUNN,
One of the Masters in the High School, Edinburgh.
W. I. WILLIAM IHNE, Ph. D.
Of the University of Boun.
B. J. BENJAMIN JOWETT, M. A.
Fellow and Tutor of Baliol College, Oxford.
H. G. L. HENRY GEORGE LIDDELL, M. A.
Head Master of Westminster School.
G. L. GEORGE LONG, M. A.
Late Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
J. M. M. JOHN MORELL MACKENZIE, M. A.
C. P. M. CHARLES PETER MASON, B. A.
Fellow of University College, London.
J. C. M. JOSEPH CALROW MEANS.
H. H. M. HENRY HART, MILMAN, M. A.
Prebendary of S:. 'Peter's, Vestiainstri.
A. de M. AUGUSTUS DE MORGAN.
Professor of Motherciics in University College, London.
W. P. William PLATE, LL. D.
C. E. P. CONSTANTINE Estlan PIRKÜTARD, BA.
Fellow of Baliol College, Oxford.
W. R. WILLIAM RAMSAY, M. A.
Professor of Humanity in the University of Glasgow.
L. S. LEONHARD SCHMITZ, Ph. D. , F. R. S. E.
Rector of the High School of Edinburgh.
P. S. PHILIP SMITH, B. A.
University College, London.
A. P. S. ARTHUR PENRYHN STANLEY, M. A.
Fellow and Tutor of University College, Oxford.
A. S. ADOLPA STAHR,
Professor in the Gymnasium of Oldenburg.
L. U.
LUDWIG URLICHS,
Professor in the University of Bonn.
R. W. ROBERT WHISTON, M. A.
Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge.
The Articles which have no initials attached to them are written
. Editor.


## p. vii (#15) #############################################

PREFACE.
The present work has been conducted on the same principles, and is designed
mainly for the use of the same persons, as the “ Dictionary of Greek and Roman
Antiquities. ” It has been long felt by most persons engaged in the study of
Antiquity, that something better is required than we yet possess in the English
language for illustrating the Biography, Literature, and Mythology, of the
Greek and Roman writers, and for enabling a diligent student to read them in
the most profitable manner. The writings of modern continental philologists, as
well as the works of some of our own scholars, have cleared up many of the
difficulties connected with these subjects, and enabled us to attain to more correct
knowledge and more comprehensive views than were formerly possessed. The
articles in this Dictionary have been founded on a careful examination of the
original sources ; the best modern authorities have been diligently consulted ;
and no labour has been spared in order to bring up the subject to the present
state of philological learning upon the continent as well as at home.
A work, like the present, embracing the whole circle of ancient history and
literature for upwards of two thousand years, would be the labour of at least
one man's life, and could not in any case be written satisfactorily by a singie
individual, as no one man possesses the requisite knowledge of all the sub-
jects of which it treats. The lives, for instance, of the ancient mathema-
ticians, jurists, and physicians, require in the person who writes them a
competent knowledge of mathematics, law, and medicine ; and the same remark
applies, to a greater or less extent, to the history of philosophy, the arts, and
numerous other subjects. The Editor of the present work has been fortunate in
obtaining the assistance of scholars, who had made certain departments of anti-
quity their particular study, and he desires to take this opportunity of returning
his best thanks to them for their valuable aid, by which he has been able to pro-
duce a work which could not have been accomplished by any single person.
The initials of each writer's name are given at the end of the articles he has
written, and a list of the names of the contributors is prefixed to the work.
The biographical articles in this work include the names of all persons of
any importance which occur in the Greek and Roman writers, from the earliest
times down to the extinction of the Western Empire in the year 476 of our era,
and to the extinction of the Eastern Empire by the capture of Constantinople by
the Turks in the year 1453. The lives of historical personages occurring in the
history of the Byzantine empire are treated with comparative brevity, but accom-
a


## p. viii (#16) ############################################

viii
PREFACE.
a
panied by sufficient references to ancient writers to enable the reader to obtain
further information if he wishes. It has not been thought advisable to omit the
lives of such persons altogether, as has usually been done in classical dictiona-
ries; partly because there is no other period short of the one chosen at which a
stop can conveniently be made; and still more because the civil history of the
Byzantine empire is more or less connected with the history of literature and
science, and, down to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, there was an
interrupted series of Greek writers, the omission of whose lives and of an
account of their works would be a serious deficiency in any work which aspired 10
give a complete view of Greek literature.
The relative length of the articles containing the lives of historical persons
cannot be fixed, in a work like the present, simply by the importance of a man's
life. It would be impossible to give within any reasonable compass a full and
elaborate account of the lives of the great actors in Greek and Roman history ;
nor is it necessary : for the lives of such persons are conspicuous parts of history
and, as such, are given at length in historical works. On the contrary, a Dic-
tionary of Greek and Roman Biography is peculiarly useful for the lives of
those persons who do not occupy so prominent a position in history, since a know-
ledge of their actions and character is oftentimes of great importance to a proper
understanding of the ancient writers, and information respecting such persons
cannot be obtained in any other quarter. Accordingly, such articles have had a
space assigned to them in the work which might have been deemed dispropor-
tionate if it were not for this consideration. Woodcuts of ancient coins are
given, wherever they could be referred to any individual or family. The draw-
ings have been made from originals in the British Museum, except in a few
cases, where the authority for the drawing is stated in the article.
More space, relatively, has been given to the Greek and Roman Writers than
to any other articles, partly because we have no complete history of Greek and
Roman Literature in the English language, and partly because the writings of
modern German scholars contain on this subject more than on any other a store
of valuable matter which has not yet found its way into English books, and has,
hitherto, only partially and in a few instances, exercised any influence on our
course of classical instruction. In these articles a full account of the Works, as
well as of the Lives, of the Writers is given, and, likewise, a list of the best
editions of the works, together with references to the principal modern works
upon each subject.
The lives of all Christian Writers, though usually omitted in similar publi-
cations, have likewise been inserted in the present Work, since they constitute an
important part of the history of Greek and Roman literature, and an account of
their biography and writings can be attained at present only by consulting a con-
siderable number of voluminous works. These articles are written rather from a
literary than a theological point of view; and accordingly the discussion of strictly
a


## p. ix (#17) ##############################################

PREFACE.
ix
btain
it the
iona-
ich a
f the
and
s an
f an
ed to
sons
an's
and
ory;
tory
Dic-
s of
OW
oper
ions
theological topics, such as the subjects might easily have given rise to, has been
carefully avoided.
Care has been taken to separate the mythological articles from those of an his-
torical nature, as a reference to any part of the book will shew. As it is necessary
to discriminate between the Greek and Italian Mythology, an account of the Greek
divinities is given under their Greek names, and of the Italian divinities under their
Latin names, a practice which is universally adopted by the continental writers,
which has received the sanction of some of our own scholars, and is moreover of
such importance in guarding against endless confusions and mistakes as to require
no apology for its introduction into this work. In the treatment of the articles them-
selves, the mystical school of interpreters has been avoided, and those principles
followed which have been developed by Voss, Buttmann, Welcker, K. O. Müller,
Lobeck, and others. Less space, relatively, has been given to these articles than to
any other portion of the work, as it has not been considered necessary to repeat all
the fanciful speculations which abound in the later Greek writers and in modern
books
upon
this subject.
The lives of Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, have been treated at considerable
length, and an account is given of all their works still extant, or of which there is
any record in ancient writers. These articles, it is hoped, will be useful to the artist
as well as to the scholar.
Some difficulty has been experienced respecting the admission or rejection of cer-
tali names, but the following is the general principle which has been adopted. The
names of all persons are inserted, who are mentioned in more than one passage of an
ancient writer : but where a name occurs in only a single passage, and nothing more
is known of the person than that passage contains, that name is in general omitted.
On the otber hand, the names of such persons are inserted when they are intimately
connected with some great historical event, or there are other persons of the same
name with whom they might be confounded.
When there are several persons of the same name, the articles have been arranged
either in chronological or some alphabetical order. The latter plan has been usually
adopted, where there are many persons of one name, as in the case of ALEXANDER,
ANTIOCHUS, and others, in which cases a chronological arrangement would stand in
the way of ready reference to any particular individual whom the reader might be
in search of. In the case of Roman names, the chronological order has, for obvious
reasons, been always adopted, and they have been given under the cognomens, and
not under the gentile names. There is, however, a separate article devoted to each
gens, in which is inserted a list of all the cognomens of that gens.
In a work written by several persons it is almost impossible to obtain exact uni-
formity of reference to the ancient Writers, but this has been done as far as was
possible. Wberever an author is referred to by page, the particular edition used
by the writer is generally stated; but of the writers enumerated below, the following
ad a
Dor-
are
aw-
few
Jan
und
of
ore
as,
ur
as
est
ks
li-
an
of
1-
VOL. 1.
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a
By


## p. x (#18) ###############################################

х
PREFACE.
editions are always intended where no others are indicated : Plato, ed. H. Stephanus,
1578; Athenaeus, ed. Casaubon, Paris, 1597 ; the Moralia of Plutarch, ed. Francof.
1620; Strabo, ed. Casaubon, Paris, 1620; Demosthenes, ed. Reiske, Lips. 1770; the
other Attic Orators, ed. H. Stephanus, Paris, 1575; the Latin Grammarians, ed.
H. Putschius, Hanov. 1605; Hippocrates, ed. Kübn, Lips. 1825-7; Erotianus, ed.
Franz, Lips. 1780; Dioscorides, ed. Sprengel, Lips. 1829-30; Aretaeus, ed. Kühn,
Lips. 1828 ; Rufus Ephesius, ed. Clinch, Lond. 1726; Soranus, ed. Dietz, Regim.
Pruss. 1838 ; Galen, ed. Kübn, Lips. 1821-33; Oribasius, Aëtius, Alexander Tral-
lianus, Paulus Aegineta, Celsus, ed. H. Stephanus, among the Medicae Artis Prin-
cipes, Paris, 1567; Caelius Aurelianus, ed. Amman, Amstel. 4to. 1709.
Names of Places and Nations are not included in the Work, as they will form the
subject of the forthcoming " Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. "
WILLIAM SMITA.
London, October, 1844.


## p. xi (#19) ##############################################

inus,
acof.
the
LIST OF COINS ENGRAVED IN THE FIRST VOLUME.
ed.
ed.
ühn,
gim.
ral.
In the following list AV indicates that the coin is of gold, R of silver, # of copper, 1£ first bronze
Roman, 22 second bronze Roman, 3Æ third bronze Roman. The weight of all gold and silver coins
is given, with the exception of the aurei and denarii, which are for the most part of nearly the same
weight respectively. When a coin has been reduced or enlarged in the drawing, the diameter of the
original coin is given in the last column, the numbers in which refer to the subjoined scale : those
which have no numbers affixed to them are of the same size in the drawing as the originals,
rin.
the
Coin
Column.
Coln.
Page
Weight
in
Grains.
Size.
1.
S
R 251) 81
R 255 84
R 245 89
A 242 8}
R 2501 73
Æ
Æ
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R 185
99
R
AV
R
55
A
A
R
6)
661
63
63
603
6011
0
.
30 2Aemilianus
IÆ
80 1 | Agrippa
2Æ
81|1| Agrippina I.
R
82 1 Agrippina II.
R
83 2 Ahala
R
86 1 | Ahenobarbus
90 2 Albinus
93 1 Do.
Do.
R
Do. (Emperor. ) IÆ
114 2 Alexander Balas, king of
Syria
R 2213 83
1161 Alexander I. , king of
Epeirus
AV
2 Alexander II. , king of
Epeirus
R 2401 74
1182 Alexander I. , king of
Macedonia.
R 4421 94
119 1 Alexander II. , king of
Macedonia
122 1 Alexander III. (the
Great), king of Mace-
donis.
R
2
126 2 Alexander (Roman em-
peror)
22
128 1 Alexander Zebina, king
of Syria
A 254 9
132 1 Allectus
AV
137 2 Amastris
R 1437
155 1 Amyntas, king of Mace
donia
A 1601
156 1 Amyntas, king of Galatia &
180 2 Annius
R
188 2 Antigonus, king of Asia R 264 9
189 2 Antigonus Gonatas R 6)
192! 1 Antinous
11
194 2 Antiochus, king of Com-
magone
Antiochus Hierax R 26284
1961 Antiochus I. , king of
Syria
R 265
2 Antiochus II.
R 253 8!
197 2 Antiochus III. .
R 263 8?
198 1 Antiochus IV.
R 249
2 Antiochus V.
R 239
199 1 Antiochus VI.
R 2503 91
1991 Antiochus VII.
2 Antiochus VIII.
Antiochus IX.
200 i Antiochus X.
Antiochus XI.
2 Antiochus XII.
Antiochus XIII.
210 i Antonia
212 2 Antoninus Pius
216 1 M. Antonius :
2 C. Antonius
217) 1 L. Antonius
253 1 Julia Aquilia Severa .
257 2 Arcadius
2632 Archelaus
278) 1 Aretas
2842 Ariarathes IV.
2 Ariarathes V.
285| 1 | Ariarathes VI. .
1 Ariarathes VII.
286 2 Ariobarzanes I.
287 1 Ariobarzanes III.
350 2 Arrius
354 2 Arsaces III.
2 Arsaces V.
355 1 | Arsaces VI.
Arsaces VII.
356 2 Arsaces XIV.
3601 Arsaces XXVIII.
367| 1 | Arsinoe .
2 Do.
405 1 Atilius
412 1 | Attalus
418 1 Audoleon
420 1 Angurinus
431 1 Augustus
435 2 | Avitus
438) 1 Aurelianus
443 1 Aurelius
455 1 Balbinus
1 Balbus, Acilius
2 Balbus, Antonius
Balbus, Atius
456 2 Balbus, Comelius
457 2 Balbus, Naevius
458) 1 | Balbus, Thorius
.
99
9
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51! !
R 60
R 241
60
R 143
A 1841
AV 4259
AV
R
AV
R 190
R
R
AV
AV
1Æ
R
nas


## p. xii (#20) #############################################

sii
LIST OF COINS.

Coin.
Column
Page.
Coln.
Colomn,
Weight
In
Grains.
Sire.
9
99
AV
99
99
R
AV
482 2 Berenice
R 107
Do.
A 326
492 2 Blasio
505 2 Britannicus
506 2 Brocchus
512 1 Brutus
516 1 Buca
2 Do.
518 1 Bursio
539 2 Caesar, Sex. Julius
555 2 Caesar, C. Julius
Do.
556 1 c. and L. Caesar
557 1 Caesius
5612 Caldus
563 2 Calidius
565 2 Caligula
602 2 Capito, Fonteius
R
Do.
R
6031 Capito, Marius
604 1 Capitolinus, Petillius
6102 Carausius
613 1 Carinus .
2 Carisius
Do.
617iCarvilius
2 Carus
6181 Casca
621 1 Cassander
650 2 Cato
Do.
663 2 Celsus
Do.
665 i Censorinus
2Æ
Do.
2Æ
Do.
Do.
R
2 Do.
672| 1 Cerco
R
675 1 Cestius
AV
748 2 Cilo or Chilo
755 1Cinna
757 2 Cipius
R
760 2 Clara, Didia
R
775 1 Claudius
R
777 1 Claudius (emperor). Ist
coin
Do. 2nd coin. Æ
2 Claudius II.
800 1 Cleopatra, wife of An-
tiochus
R 199
802 2 Cleopatra, queen of
Egypt . .
R51
Cleopatra, wife of Juba | R 503|
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805 2 Cloelius
R
807) 2 Cluvius
2Æ
810/ 1 Cocles
R
819 2Commodus
AV
828 1 Constans
AV
8312 Constantinus, the tyrant | AV
837) 1 Constantinus I. (the
Great). .
2 Constantinus II.
R
846 2 Constantius I.
848 2 Constantius II.
R
849 1 Constantius III.
3Æ
850 1 Coponius
852 1 Cordus
858 1Cornificius
R
863 2 Cosconius
868 2 Cotta.
Do.
8702 Cotys.
AV 119
871/2 Crassipes
R
8821 Crassus .
R
891| 1 Crispina
892 1 Crispus
895 2 Critonius
R
9462 Decentius
2
949 1 Decius
12
955] 1 Deiotarus
Æ
9562 Delmatius
3Æ
965 1 Demetrius I. , king of
Macedonia
R 261
2 Demetrius II. , king of
Macedonia
Æ
967/ 1 Demetrius I. , king of
Syria . . .
R 262
2 Demetrius II, king of
Syria .
R 260
968 1 Demetrius 111. , king of
Syria . .
Æ
9962 Diadumenianus
10042 Didius.
1014 Diocletianus.
R
1033 1 Dionysius, of Heracleia R 148
1037 2 Dionysius II. , of Syra-
cuse
R 2631
1061] 1 Domitia
1062 2 Domitianus
1063 1 Domitilla
1064 1 Domna Julia.
1071) 2Dossenus
1086 1. Drusus
2Æ
1087 2 Drusus, Nero Claudius R
1092 2 Durmius
R
Do.
R
Do.
R
image 48紹​&&&证​&&&&&&&&&&正​正​正​正取 ​王​乐乐 ​乐乐乐​88 &&&&&&亚​乐​贝尔
​9
99
99
9
89
9
$ 5
>>>


## p. 1 (#21) ###############################################

1
Grains.
A DICTIONARY
OP
GREEK AND ROMAN BIOGRAPHY
AND
MYTHOLOGY.
19
51 / 9
29
10 | 81
8
ABARIS.
ABAS.
ABAEUS ('Abalos), a surname of Apollo de particulars : he is said to have taken no earthly
rived from the town of Abae in Phocis, where the food (Herod. iv.