No More Learning

Evidently I darkened the door. My hostess dropped her mac-
aroni — into her mouth, and rose hastily with a harsh exclama-
tion and a flushed face. I immediately perceived that the Signora
Serafina's secret was even better worth knowing than I had sup-
posed, and that the way to learn it was to take it for granted.
I summoned my best Italian, I smiled and bowed and apologized
for my intrusion; and in a moment, whether or no I had dispelled
the lady's irritation, I had at least stimulated her prudence. I
was welcome, she said; I must take a seat. This was another
friend of hers also an artist, she declared with a smile which
was almost amiable. Her companion wiped his mustache and
bowed with great civility. I saw at a glance that he was equal
to the situation. He was presumably the author of the statuettes
on the table, and he knew a money-spending forestiere when he
He was a small, wiry man, with a clever, impudent,
tossed-up nose, a sharp little black eye, and waxed ends to his
mustache. On the side of his head he wore jauntily a little crim-
son velvet smoking-cap, and I observed that his feet were incased
in brilliant slippers. On Serafina’s remarking with dignity that
I was the friend of Mr. Theobald, he broke out into that fantastic
French of which Italians are so insistently lavish, and declared
with fervor that Mr. Theobald was a magnificent genius.
"I'm sure I don't know," I answered with a shrug. "If you're
in a position to affirm it, you have the advantage of me. I've
seen nothing from his hand but the bambino yonder, which cer-
tainly is fine. ”
He declared that the bambino was a masterpiece, a pure Cor-
reggio. It was only a pity, he added with a knowing laugh, that
the sketch had not been made on some good bit of honeycombed
old panel.
The stately Serafina hereupon protested that Mr.
Theobald was the soul of honor, and that he would never lend
himself to a deceit. “I'm not a judge of genius,” she said, “and
saw one.


## p. 8100 (#300) ###########################################

8100
HENRY JAMES
»
I know nothing of pictures. I'm but a poor simple widow; but
I know that the Signor Teobaldo has the heart of an angel and
the virtue of a saint. —He's my benefactor,” she added senten-
tiously. The after-glow of the somewhat sinister flush with which
she had greeted me still lingered in her cheek, and perhaps did
not favor her beauty: I could not but fancy it a wise custom of
Theobald's to visit her only by candlelight. She was coarse, and
her poor adorer was a poet.
"I have the greatest esteem for him,” I said: “it is for this
reason that I have been uneasy at not seeing him for ten days.
Have you seen him ? Is he perhaps ill ? ”
“111! Heaven forbid ! ” cried Serafina, with genuine vehe-
mence.
Her companion uttered a rapid expletive, and reproached her
with not having been to see him. She hesitated a moment; then
she simpered the least bit and bridled. “He comes to see me
without reproach! But it would not be the same for me to go
to him, though indeed you may almost call him a man of holy
life. ”
« He has the greatest admiration for you,” I said, « He would
have been honored by your visit. ”
She looked at me a moment sharply. “More admiration than
you. Admit that! Of course I protested with all the eloquence
at my command; and my mysterious hostess then confessed that
she had taken no fancy to me on my former visit, and that,
Theobald not having returned, she believed I had poisoned his
mind against her. “It would be no kindness to the poor gentle-
man, I can tell you that,” she said. “He has come to see me
every evening for years. It's a long friendship! No one knows
him as well as I. ”
"I don't pretend to know him, or to understand him," I said.
He's a mystery! Nevertheless, he seems to me a little — » And
I touched my forehead and waved my hand in the air.
Serafina glanced at her companion a moment, as if for inspi-
ration. He contented himself with shrugging his shoulders, as
he filled his glass again. The padrona hereupon gave me a more
softly insinuating smile than would have seemed likely to bloom
on so candid a brow. “It's for that that I love him! ” she said.
The world has so little kindness for such persons. It laughs at
them, and despises them, and cheats them. He is too good for
this wicked life! It's his fancy that he finds a little Paradise up
(
6


## p. 8101 (#301) ###########################################

HENRY JAMES
8101
here in my poor apartment. If he thinks so, how can I help it ?
He has a strange belief — really, I ought to be ashamed to tell
you — that I resemble the Blessed Virgin: Heaven forgive me!
I let him think what he pleases, so long as it makes him happy.
He was very kind to me once, and I am not one that forgets
So I receive him every evening civilly, and ask after
his health, and let him look at me on this side and that! For
that matter, I may say it without vanity, I was worth looking at
once! And he's not always amusing, poor man! He sits some-
times for an hour without speaking a word, or else he talks
away, without stopping, on art and nature, and beauty and duty,
and fifty fine things that are all so much Latin to me.
I beg
you to understand that he has never said a word to me that I
mightn't decently listen to. He may be a little cracked, but he's
one of the saints. ”
"Eh! ” cried the man, “the saints were all a little cracked! ”
Serafina, I fancied, left part of her story untold; but she
told enough of it to make poor Theobald's own statement seem
intensely pathetic in its exalted simplicity. “It's a strange for-
tune, certainly,” she went on, “to have such a friend as this
a friend who's less than a lover and more than a
friend. " I glanced at her companion, who preserved an impene-
trable smile, twisted the end of his mustache, and disposed of a
copious mouthful. Was he less than a lover? “But what will
you have ? ” Serafina pursued. "In this hard world one mustn't
ask too many questions; one must take what comes and keep
what one gets. I've kept my good friend for twenty years, and
I do hope that at this time of day, signore, you've not come to
turn him against me! ”
I assured her that I had no such design, and that I should
vastly regret disturbing Mr. Theobald's habits or convictions.
On the contrary, I was alarmed about him, and I should imme-
diately go in search of him. She gave me his address, and a
florid account of her sufferings at his non-appearance. She had
not been to him, for various reasons; chiefly because she was
afraid of displeasing him, as he had always made such a mystery
of his home.
“You might have sent this gentleman ! ” I ventured to suggest.
"Ah,” cried the gentleman, “he admires the Signora Serafina,
but he wouldn't admire me. ” And then, confidentially, with his
finger on his nose, “He's a purist! »
dear man,
»


## p. 8102 (#302) ###########################################

8102
HENRY JAMES
I was about to withdraw, on the promise that I would in-
form the Signora Serafina of my friend's condition, when her
companion, who had risen from table and girded his loins appar-
ently for the onset, grasped me gently by the arm, and led me
before the row of statuettes. “I perceive by your conversation,
signore, that you are a patron of the arts. Allow me to request
your honorable attention for these modest products of my own
ingenuity. They are brand-new, fresh from my atelier, and have
never been exhibited in public. I have brought them here to
receive the verdict of this dear lady, who is a good critic, for all
she may pretend to the contrary. I am the inventor of this
peculiar style of statuette,- of subject, manner, material, every-
thing. Touch them, I pray you; handle them: you needn't fear.
Delicate as they look, it is impossible they should break! My
various creations have met with great success. They are espe-
cially admired by Americans. I have sent them all over Europe,
— to London, Paris, Vienna! You may have observed some little
specimens in Paris, on the Boulevard, in a shop of which they
constitute the specialty. There is always a crowd about the win-
dow. They form a very pleasing ornament for the mantel-shelf
of a gay young bachelor, for the boudoir of a pretty woman.
You couldn't make a prettier present to a person with whom you
wished to exchange a harmless joke. It is not classic art, signore,
of course; but between ourselves, isn't classic art sometimes
rather a bore ? Caricature, burlesque - la charge, as the French
say — has hitherto been confined to paper, to the pen and pencil.
Now, it has been my inspiration to introduce it into statuary.
For this purpose I have invented a peculiar plastic compound
which you will permit me not to divulge. That's my secret,
signore! It's as light, you perceive, as cork, and yet as firm as
alabaster! I frankly confess that I really pride myself as much
on this little stroke of chemical ingenuity as upon the other ele-
ment of novelty in my creations,— my types.
What do you say
to my types, signore ? The idea is bold: does it strike you as
happy? Cats and monkeys, monkeys and cats,- all human life
is there! Human life, of course I mean, viewed with the eye of
the satirist! To combine sculpture and satire, signore, has been
my unprecedented ambition. I flatter myself that I have not
egregiously failed. ”
As this jaunty Juvenal of the chimney-piece delivered him-
self of his persuasive allocution, he took up his little groups


## p. 8103 (#303) ###########################################

HENRY JAMES
8103
successively from the table, held them aloft, turned them about,
rapped them with his knuckles, and gazed at them lovingly with
his head on one side, They consisted each of a cat and a mon-
key, fantastically draped, in some preposterously sentimental con-
junction. They exhibited a certain sameness of motive, and
illustrated ,chiefly the different phases of what, in delicate terms,
may be called gallantry and coquetry; but they were strikingly
clever and expressive, and were at once very perfect cats and
monkeys and very natural men and women. I confess, however,
that they failed to amuse me. I was doubtless not in a mood to
enjoy them, for they seemed to me peculiarly cynical and vulgar.
Their imitative felicity was revolting. As I looked askance at
the complacent little artist, brandishing them between finger and
thumb, and caressing them with an amorous eye, he seemed to
me himself little more than an exceptionally intelligent ape. I
mustered an admiring grin, however, and he blew another blast.
“My figures are studied from life! I have a little menagerie
of monkeys whose frolics I contemplate by the hour. As for
the cats, one has only to look out of one's back window! Since
I have begun to examine these expressive little brutes, I have
made many profound observations. Speaking, signore, to a man
of imagination, I may say that my little designs are not without
a philosophy of their own. Truly, I don't know whether the cats
and monkeys imitate us, or whether it's we who imitate them. ”
I congratulated him on his philosophy, and he resumed. « You
will do me the honor to admit that I have handled my subjects
with delicacy. Eh, it was needed, signore! I have been free,
but not too free - eh ? Just a hint, you know! You may see as
much or as little as you please. These little groups, however,
are no measure of my invention. If you will favor me with a
call at my studio, I think that you will admit that my combina-
tions are really infinite. I likewise execute figures to command.
You have perhaps some little motive, – the fruit of your philoso-
phy of life, signore,— which you would like to have interpreted.
I can promise to work it up to your satisfaction; it shall be as
malicious as you please! Allow me to present you with my
card, and to remind you that my prices are moderate. Only
sixty francs for a little group like that. My statuettes are
durable as bronze,- ære perennius, signore, - and between our-
selves, I think they are more amusing! ”
As I pocketed his card I glanced at Madonna Serafina, won-
dering whether she had an eye for contrasts. She had picked
as


## p. 8104 (#304) ###########################################

8104
HENRY JAMES
up one of the little couples and was tenderly dusting it with a
feather broom.
What I had just seen and heard had so deepened my compas-
sionate interest in my deluded friend, that I took a summary
leave, and made my way directly to the house designated by this
remarkable woman. It was in an obscure corner of the opposite
side of the town, and presented a sombre and squalid appear-
ance. An old woman in the doorway, on my inquiring for Theo-
bald, ushered me in with a mumbled blessing and an expression
of relief at the poor gentleman having a friend. His lodging
seemed to consist of a single room at the top of the house. On
getting no answer to my knock, I opened the door, supposing
that he was absent; so that it gave me a certain shock to find
him sitting there helpless and dumb. He was seated near the
single window, facing an easel which supported a large canvas.
On my entering, he looked up at me blankly, without changing
his position, which was that of absolute lassitude and dejection,
his arms loosely folded, his legs stretched before him, his head
hanging on his breast. Advancing into the room, I perceived
that his face vividly corresponded with his attitude. He was
pale, haggard, and unshaven, and his dull and sunken eye gazed
at me without a spark of recognition. I had been afraid that
I
he would greet me with fierce reproaches, as the cruelly offi-
cious patron who had turned his peace to bitterness; and I was
relieved to find that my appearance awakened no visible resent-
ment. “Don't you know me? ” I asked as I put out my hand.
"Have you already forgotten me? ”
He made no response, kept his position stupidly, and left me
staring about the room. It spoke most plaintively for itself.
Shabby, sordid, naked, it contained, beyond the wretched bed, but
the scantiest provision for personal comfort. It was bedroom at
once and studio,- a grim ghost of a studio. A few dusty casts
and prints on the walls, three or four old canvases turned face
inward, and a rusty-looking color-box, formed, with the easel at
the window, the sum of its appurtenances. The place savored
horribly of poverty. Its only wealth was the picture on the easel,
presumably the famous Madonna. Averted as this was from the
door, I was unable to see its face; but at last, sickened by the
vacant misery of the spot, I passed behind Theobald, eagerly and
tenderly. I can hardly say that I was surprised at what I found:
a canvas that was a mere dead blank, cracked and discolored
by time.
This was his immortal work! Though not surprised,


## p. 8105 (#305) ###########################################

HENRY JAMES
8105
(
I confess I was powerfully moved, and I think that for five min-
utes I could not have trusted myself to speak. At last my silent
nearness affected him; he stirred and turned, and then rose and
looked at me with a slowly kindling eye. I murmured some
kind, ineffective nothings about his being ill and needing advice
and care; but he seemed absorbed in the effort to recall distinctly
what had last passed between us. “You were right,” he said
with a pitiful smile, «I'm a dawdler! I'm a failure! I shall do
nothing more in this world. You opened my eyes; and though
the truth is bitter, I bear you no grudge. Amen! I've been
sitting here for a week, face to face with the truth, with the past,
with my weakness and poverty and nullity. I shall never touch
a brush! I believe I've neither eaten nor slept. Look at that
canvas! he went on, as I relieved my emotion in the urgent
request that he would come home with me and dine.
« That was
to have contained my masterpiece! Isn't it a promising founda-
tion ? The elements of it are all here. " And he tapped his fore-
head with that mystic confidence which had marked the gesture
before. “If I could only transpose them into some brain that
had the hand, the will! Since I've been sitting here taking stock
of my intellects, I've come to believe that I have the material
for a hundred masterpieces. But my hand is paralyzed now, and
they'll never be painted. I never began! I waited and waited
!
to be worthier to begin, and wasted my life in preparation.
While I fancied my creation was growing, it was dying. I've
taken it all too hard! Michael Angelo didn't when he went at
the Lorenzo! He did his best at a venture, and his venture is
immortal. That's mine! » And he pointed, with a gesture I
shall never forget, at the empty canvas.
"I suppose we're a
genus by ourselves in the providential scheme, - we talents that
can't act, that can't do nor dare! We take it out in talk, in
plans and promises, in study, in visions! But our visions, let me
tell you,” he cried with a toss of his head, “have a way of being
brilliant, and a man hasn't lived in vain who has seen the things
I have! Of course you'll not believe in them when that bit
of worm-eaten cloth is all I have to show for them; but to con-
vince you, to enchant and astound the world, I need only the
hand of Raphael. I have his brain. A pity, you'll say, I haven't
his modesty! Ah, let me babble now: it's all I have left! I'm
the half of a genius! Where in the wide world is my other
half ? Lodged perhaps in the vulgar soul, the cunning, ready


## p. 8106 (#306) ###########################################

8106
HENRY JAMES
fingers of some dull copyist, or some trivial artisan who turns out
by the dozen his easy prodigies of touch! But it's not for me to
sneer at him: he at least does something. He's not a dawdler!
Well for me if I had been vulgar and clever and reckless, - if I
could have shut my eyes and dealt my stroke! ”
What to say to the poor fellow, what to do for him, seemed
hard to determine; I chiefly felt that I must break the spell of
his present inaction, and remove him from the haunted atmo-
sphere of the little room it seemed such cruel irony to call a
studio. I cannot say I persuaded him to come out with me; he
simply suffered himself to be led, and when we began to walk
in the open air I was able to measure his pitifully weakened
condition. Nevertheless he seemed in a certain way to revive,
and murmured at last that he would like to go to the Pitti Gal-
lery. I shall never forget our melancholy stroll through those
gorgeous halls, every picture on whose walls seemed, even to my
own sympathetic vision, to glow with a sort of insolent renewal
of strength and lustre. The eyes and lips of the great portraits
seemed to smile in ineffable scorn of the dejected pretender who
had dreamed of competing with their triumphant authors; the
celestial candor, even, of the Madonna in the Chair, as we paused
in perfect silence before her, was tinged with the sinister irony
of the women of Leonardo. Perfect silence indeed marked our
whole progress, - the silence of a deep farewell; for I felt in all
my pulses, as Theobald, leaning on my arm, dragged one heavy
foot after the other, that he was looking his last. When we
came out, he was so exhausted that instead of taking him to my
hotel to dine, I called a carriage and drove him straight to his
own poor lodging. He had sunk into an extraordinary lethargy:
he lay back in the carriage with his eyes closed, as pale as death,
his faint breathing interrupted at intervals by a sudden gasp,
like a smothered sob or a vain attempt to speak. With the help
of the old woman who had admitted me before, and who emerged
from a dark back court, I contrived to lead him up the long steep
staircase and lay him on his wretched bed. To her I gave him
in charge, while I prepared in all haste to seek a physician. But
she followed me out of the room with a pitiful clasping of her
hands.
« Poor, dear, blessed gentleman,” she murmured: “is he dy-
ing? ”
Possibly. How long has he been thus ? »
(
>
(


## p. 8107 (#307) ###########################################

HENRY JAMES
8107
“Since a night he passed ten days ago. I came up in the
morning to make his poor bed, and found him sitting up in his
clothes before that great canvas he keeps there. Poor, dear,
strange man, he says his prayers to it! He had not been to bed,
nor since then properly! What has happened to him ? Has he
found out about the Serafina ? ” she whispered with a glittering
eye and a toothless grin.
« Prove at least that one old woman can be faithful,” I said,
«and watch him well till I come back. ”
My return was delayed through the absence of the English
physician on a round of visits, and my vainly pursuing him from
house to house before I overtook him. I brought him to Theo-
bald's bedside none too soon.
A violent fever had seized our
patient, and the case was evidently grave. A couple of hours
later I knew that he had brain fever. From this moment I was
with him constantly; but I am far from wishing to describe his
illness. Excessively painful to witness, it was happily brief.
Life burned out in delirium. A certain night that I passed at
his pillow, listening to his wild snatches of regret, of aspiration,
of rapture and awe at the phantasmal pictures with which his
brain seemed to swarm, recurs to my memory now like some
stray page from a lost masterpiece of tragedy.
Before a week was over we had buried him in the little
Protestant cemetery on the way to Fiesole. The Signora Sera-
fina, whom I had caused to be informed of his illness, had come
in person, I was told, to inquire about its progress; but she was
absent from his funeral, which was attended by but a scanty
concourse of mourners. Half a dozen old Florentine sojourners,
in spite of the prolonged estrangement which had preceded his
death, had felt the kindly impulse to honor his grave. Among
them
my friend Mrs. Coventry, whom I found my
departure waiting at her carriage door at the gate of the cem-
etery
“Well,” she said, relieving at last with a significant smile the
solemnity of our immediate greeting, and the great Madonna?
Have you seen her after all ? »
"I've seen her," I said; "she's mine — by bequest. But I •
shall never show her to you. "
"And why not, pray ? "
My dear Mrs. Coventry, you'd not understand her! ”
«Upon my word, you're polite. ”
was
on
(C
(
( ܕ
(c
)
((


## p. 8108 (#308) ###########################################

8108
HENRY JAMES
(C
»
« Excuse me: I'm sad and vexed and bitter. " And with
reprehensible rudeness I marched away. I was excessively impa-
tient to leave Florence: my friend's dark spirit seemed diffused
through all things. I had packed my trunk to start for Rome
that night; and meanwhile, to beguile my unrest, I aimlessly
paced the streets. Chance led me at last to the church of San
Lorenzo. Remembering poor Theobald's phrase about Michael
Angelo,— “He did his best at a venture,” — I went in and turned
my steps to the chapel of the tombs. Viewing in sadness the
sadness of its immortal treasures, I fancied, while I stood there,
that the scene demanded no ampler commentary. As I passed
through the church again to depart, a woman, turning away from
one of the side altars, met me face to face. The black shawl
depending from her head draped picturesquely the handsome
visage of Madonna Serafina. She stopped as she recognized
me, and I saw that she wished to speak. Her eye was bright,
and her ample bosom heaved in a way that seemed to portend
a certain sharpness of reproach. But the expression of my own
face apparently drew the sting from her resentment, and she
addressed me in a tone in which bitterness was tempered by a
sort of dogged resignation. "I know it was you, now, that sepa-
rated us,” she said. “It was a pity he ever brought you to see
me! Of course you couldn't think of me as he did. Well, the
Lord gave him, the Lord has taken him. I've just paid for a
nine-days' mass for his soul. And I can tell you this, signore,-
I never deceived him. Who put it into his head that I was
made to live on holy thoughts and fine phrases? It was his own
fancy, and it pleased him to think so. Did he suffer much ? »
she added more softly, after a pause.
«His sufferings were great, but they were short. ”
“And did he speak of me? " She had hesitated, and dropped
her eyes; she raised them with her question, and revealed in
their sombre stillness a gleam of feminine confidence, which for
the moment revived and illumined her beauty. Poor Theobald!
Whatever name he had given his passion, it was still her fine
eyes that had charmed him.
“Be contented, madam," I answered, gravely.
She dropped her eyes again, and was silent. Then exhaling
a full, rich sigh, as she gathered her shawl together: "He was a
magnificent genius! ”
I bowed, and we separated.
((
(


## p. 8109 (#309) ###########################################

HENRY JAMES
8109
Passing through a narrow side street on my way back to my
hotel, I perceived above a doorway a sign which it seemed to me
I had read before. I suddenly remembered that it was identical
with the superscription of a card that I had carried for an hour
in my waistcoat pocket. On the threshold stood the ingenious
artist whose claims to public favor were thus distinctly signalized,
smoking a pipe in the evening air, and giving the finishing
polish with a bit of rag to one of his inimitable “combinations. ”
I caught the expressive curl of a couple of tails. He recognized
me, removed his little red cap with a most obsequious bow, and
motioned me to enter his studio. I returned his bow and passed
on, vexed with the apparition. For a week afterwards, whenever
I was seized among the ruins of triumphant Rome with some
peculiarly poignant memory of Theobald's transcendent illusions
and deplorable failure, I seemed to hear a fantastic, impertinent
murmur, “Cats and monkeys, monkeys and cats-all human life
,
is there! ”


## p. 8110 (#310) ###########################################

8110
JĀMĪ
(1414-1492)
BY A. V. WILLIAMS JACKSON
HE Persian poet Jāmī was the last classic minstrel of Iran,
and a master in the historical, lyrical, and mystic literature.
He lived during the fifteenth century, and his writings are
fired by the last sparks from the torch of Firdausī, Sa'di, and Hāfiz;
so that his name has become one of the shining lights in the Persian
temple of poetic fame. Jāmi's native place was Jām, a small town in
the neighborhood of Herat in Khorassan. Hence he is called Jām-i;
although he plays upon this appellation as meaning also a “cup," and
as significant of his pouring out the spiritual wine of the love of God,
the wine of which the mystic Sūfīs so often speak: for Jāmi, like his
predecessors, had quaffed draughts from the flagon of the mystic
poetry of Sūfiism.
The minstrel's full name is given as Nūr-uddin 'Abd-urrahmān
Jāmī; his birth-year was 1414; and his education from early youth
was at the hands of eminent teachers. We know of his marriage,
and we are told of his endeavor, through his didactic prose story-
book ‘Bahāristān,' to give instruction to an only surviving son, born
late in life. A religious pilgrimage undertaken by Jāmi to Mecca
is also recorded. His poetic fame was so wide-spread that princes
unasked were ready to offer him favors: but Jāmi at heart was
devoted to Dervish teaching and to Sūfi philosophy, which won for
him a sort of saintly reputation; and when in 1492 he passed away,
advanced in years, he was mourned by the people of Herat and by
the highest dignitaries of State.
According to some accounts Jāmi was the author of nearly a
hundred works; it is not an exaggeration to attribute to him at least
forty. Fine manuscripts of his writings are not uncommon, and one
exquisite codex has been preserved which was prepared for the
Emperor of Hindustan, a century after Jāmi's death. This superb
specimen of Oriental calligraphy and illumination is said to have
cost thousands of dollars. Seven of the best of Jāmi's writings have
been gathered into a collection entitled (Haft Aurang,' (The Seven
Stars of the Great Bear,' or 'The Seven Thrones) as it is some-
times called. One of these seven is the pathetic story of Lailā and
Majnun”; another is the allegorical moral poem (Salāman and Absāl,'


## p. 8111 (#311) ###########################################

JĀMI
8111
an English adaptation of which is to be found in the works of
Edward Fitzgerald; the third of the seven stars is the romantic tale
of Yūsuf and Zulikhā,' or Joseph and Potiphar's wife. This latter
theme had been previously treated by Firdausī among other poets;
but it still remains one of Jāmi's masterpieces. The story is not the
simple incident of the Bible, but is elaborately developed from the
Koran. The beautiful Zulikhā's dream in her youth of an ideal
spouse is thrice repeated. Her disappointment in the marriage with
Potiphar is bitter and keen, and is intensified by her discovering that
the fair youth Joseph who was purchased in the slave market is
the embodiment of that glorious apparition she had beheld in the
vision. The poem is then developed on very romantic lines, so as
to bring out each of the characters in clearest colors; but after the
vicissitudes of years, the poem ends happily when the fair Zulīkhā,
now widowed, is united to Joseph as the ideal of manly beauty and
purity, and she becomes a worshiper of the true God. Jāmī's prose
work the Bahāristān,' or Abode of Spring,' comprises a series of
pithy short stories, entertaining brief tales, or Oriental wisdom, and is
modeled on Sa'di's (Gulistān. '
Considerable material is accessible to English readers who may be
interested in Jāmi: for example, S. Robinson, Persian Poetry) (Glas-
gow, 1883), from which the selections appended are taken; also L. S.
Costello, 'Rose Garden of Persia' (London, 1887); Edward Fitzgerald,
(Salāman and Absāl, Translated (American edition, Boston, 1887);
again, “The Bahāristān Literally Translated' (published by the Kama
Shastra Society, Benares, 1887). See also Sir Gore Ouseley, Biographi-
cal Notices of Persian Poets' (London, 1846); and for bibliographical
lists of translations into German and French, consult H. Ethé in
Geiger's Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie,' ii. 305, 307.
Air. Wiele aus
is Jackson
[The following selections are from Jāmi's Joseph and Zulaikha. ']
LOVE
A
HEART which is void of the pains of love is not heart;
A body without heart woes is nothing but clay and water.
Turn thy face away from the world to the pangs of love;
For the world of love is a world of sweetness.
Let there not be in the world an unloving heart!
Let not the pangs of love be less in the bosom of any one!
Heaven itself is confused with longings after love;


## p. 8112 (#312) ###########################################

8112
JĀMI
Earth is filled with the tumult at the clamors of its passion.
Become the captive of love, in order to become free; [ness.
Lay its sorrows to thy heart, that thou mayest know its glad.
The wine of love will inebriate and warm thee,
Will free from thee coldness and devotion to self.
In the memories of love the lover renews his freshness;
In his devotion to it he creates for himself a lofty fame.
If Mejnun had never drunk the wine from this cup,
Who would have spread his name throughout the worlds ?
Thousands of the wise and learned have passed away,
Passed away — forgotten, because strangers to love;
No name, no trace remains of their existence,
No history of them is left on the records of Time.
Many are the birds of beautiful forms
Which the people closes its lip and refuses to speak of;
When those who have all hearts tell stories of love,
The stories they tell are of the Moth and the Nightingale.
In the world thou mayest be skilled in a hundred arts,—
Love is the only one which will free thee from thyself.
Turn not thy face from love: even if it be shallow,
It is thy apprenticeship for learning the true one;
If thou dost not first learn thine A B C on thy slate,
How wilt thou ever be able to read a lesson from the Koran ?
I heard of a scholar who besought a teacher
To assist him in treading the path of his doctrine;
The teacher replied: “Thou hast never yet stirred a foot in
the way of love;
Go— become a lover, and then appear before me;
For till thou hast tasted the symbolical wine-cup,
Thou wilt never drain the real one to the lees. )
No! thou must not stay lingering over the image,
But quickly transport thyself over this bridge:
If thou desirest ever to reach the inn,
Thou must not remain standing at the bridge ahead. [tery,
Praise be to God! that so long as I have dwelt in this monas-
I have been a nimble traveler in the road of love!
When the midwife first divided the navel-string,
She divided it with the knife of love;
When my mother first put my lips to her breast,
She gave me to suck the blood-tinged milk of love;
Although my hair is now white as milk,
The savor of love still dwells in my mind.
In youth or in age there is nothing like love;
The enchantment of love breathes upon me forever.
"Jāmi," it says, “thou hast grown old in love:
(
»
(


## p. 8113 (#313) ###########################################

JĀMI
8113
Rouse thy spirit, and in love die !
Compose a tale on the pleasures of love,
[existence!
That thou mayest leave to the world some memorial of thy
Draw thou a picture with thy delicate pencil,
Which, when thou quittest thy place, may remain in thy stead. ”
Translation of S. Robinson.
BEAUTY
IN
N THAT solitude in which Being is without a mark,
The universe still lay hidden in the treasure-house of non-
existence;
Whilst its substance had not yet taken the form of duality,
And was far from speech and talk, from “We” and “Ye," —
Beauty was free from the shackles of form,
And by its own light alone was it visible to itself;
It was a lovely bride behind the veil of her nuptial chamber,
Her vesture unsullied by a suspicion of a speck.
There was no mirror to reflect back its countenance,
Nor had ever comb passed a hand through its ringlets;
No breeze had ever ruffled a lock of its tresses;
Its eye had never been touched by a grain of surma dust;
No nightingale had yet nestled under the shade of his rose;
No rose had put yet on her adornment of verdure;
Its cheek was not yet embellished by mole or down,
And no eye had yet beheld it even in imagination;
Its voice of endearment was with itself alone,
And with itself was played its game of affection.
But wherever the power of Beauty exists,
Beauty is angered to be hidden by a veil.
A lovely face will not endure concealment:
Bar but the door, it will escape by the window!
Behold the tulip on the mountain-top,
How smilingly it comes forth in the vernal season;
It shoots out of the earth thro' every cleft of the rock,
And forces itself into notice by its own loveliness.
When a feeling of Beauty once falls upon the sight,
And strangely threads itself on the tie of sensation,
It can never again pass away from the fancy;
It insists henceforth on being heard or spoken of.
Wherever is the Beautiful, this is its law,
Imposed by the action of the Eternal Beauty;
XIV–508


## p. 8114 (#314) ###########################################

8114
JĀMI
Coming from the realms of the Holy, here it pitched its station,
And revealed itself in every quarter and to every spirit.
In every mirror is reflected its face,
In every place is heard its conversation and language;
And all the holy who are seeking the Holy,
Exclaim in ecstasy, “O thou Holy One! )
And from all the divers in this celestial ocean
Rises the shout, “Glory to the Lord of Angels! ”
From its brightness a beam fell upon the Rose,
[ingale;
And from the Rose came its melody into the soul of the Night-
From its fire the Taper kindled up its cheek,
And forth with a hundred Moths were burnt in every chamber;
From its light a spark set on fire the sun,
And straightway the Nile-lily raised its head from the water.
By its countenance Laila arrayed her own,
And Mejnun's passion was inflamed by every hair;
The mouth of Shirin opened its sugаred lip,
And stole the heart of Parviz and the soul of Ferhad;
The Moon of Canaan raised its head from its breast,
And bore away reason from the brain of Zulaikha.
Yes! - Beauty unveils its countenance in the private chamber,
Even when hid behind the veil from earthly lovers;
Of every veil which thou seest it is the veil-holder,
'Tis its decree which carries every heart into bondage;
In its love only has the heart its life;
In its love only has the soul its felicity.
The heart of every one who is enamored with the lovely
Is inspired by its love, whether he knows it or not.
Beware that thou fall into no error as to Beauty:
Love we must, when it shows forth its charms;
For as each thing is fair, so it is worthy of love:
It is the stem whence comes the object;
Thou art the mirror, it brings thee the image;
Thou art hid by a veil, it shows itself openly;
When thou lookest on Beauty, it is the mirror also,
For it is not only the treasure, but the treasure-house too.
We have in this matter no right to intermeddle — thou and I;
Our opinions about it are but vain fancies !
Be silent! — for this is a tale which has no ending;
Its language is one which has no interpreter.
Better for us that our business be love,
For without its converse we are nothing — nothing!
-
Translation of S. Robinson.


## p. 8115 (#315) ###########################################

JĀMI
8115
ZULAIKHA'S FIRST DREAM
NIGHT it was sweet as the morning of life,
A
Fish and fowl rested from motion,
Business drew its foot within the skirt of its garment.
Within this pleasure-house, full of varieties,
Naught remained open save the eye of the star.
Night, the thief, robbed the sentinel of his understanding;
The bell-ringer stilled the tongue of the bell;
The hound wound its tail round its neck like a collar,
And in that collar stifled its baying;
The bird of the night drew out its sword-like feathers,
And cut off its tuneful reed (i. e. , its throat] from its morn-
ing song; .
The watchman on the dome of the royal palace
Saw in imagination the drowsy poppy-head,
And no longer retained the power of wakefulness —
The image of that poppy-head called him into slumber.
The drummer no longer beat his tymbal,
His hand could no longer hold the drumstick.
The Muessin from the Minaret no longer cried, "Allah! Allah! the
Ever-Living!
Roll up your mattresses, ye nightly dead, and neglect not prayer! ”
Zulaikha, of the sugar lips, was enjoying the sweetest slumber
Which had fallen on her soft narcissus-like eyes;
Her head pressed the pillow with its hyacinthine locks,
And her body the couch with its roseate burthen.
The hyacinthine locks were parted on the pillow,
And painted the roseate cheeks with silken streaks;
The image-seeing eye was closed in slumber,
But another eye was open— that of the soul:
With that she saw suddenly enter a young man —
Young man, do I say? - rather a spirit!
A blessed figure from the realms of light,
Beauteous as a Huri borne off from the Garden of the Seventh
Heaven,
And had robbed trait by trait of each beauty, excellence, and per-
fection,
Copying one by one every alluring attraction.
His stature was that of the fresh box-tree;
[his;
The free-cypress in its freedom was a slave compared with
His hair from above hung down like a chain,
And fettered hand and foot even the judgment of the wise;
-


## p. 8116 (#316) ###########################################

8116
JĀMI
From his brow shot so resplendent a flash of light,
That sun and moon bent to the ground before him;
His eyebrows, which might have been a high altar for the
saintly,
Were an amber-scented canopy over the sleeper's eyes;
His face was as the moon's from its station in Paradise ;
From his eyelashes darted arrows to pierce the heart;
The pearly teeth within the ruby lips
Were lightning flashing from a roseate evening sky;
The smiles of his ruby lips were as sweet as sugar
When he laughed, his laugh was the lustre of the Pleiades;
The words of his mouth were sugar itself.
When this vision rose before the eye of Zulaikha,
At one glance happened that which needs must happen:
She beheld excellence beyond human limits,
Seen not in Peri, never heard of in Huri.
From the beauty of the image and the dream of its perfection,
She became his captive, not with her one but with a hundred
hearts.
Fancy made his form the ideal of her mind,
And planted in her soul the young shoot of love.
Translation of S.