No More Learning

Lutorius
settled at Ravenna. A Thracian king Rhescuporis, Priscus was condemned by the senate for having
who had murdered his nephew Cotys, who was written a poem upon the death of Drusus, in anti-
king of part of Thrace, wrote to Tiberius to inform cipation of the event, Drusus being then very ill.
him that Cotys had been punished for his treachery. The senate seem to bave proceeded in the mode of
Tiberius artfully got Rhescuporis into his power, a bill of pains and penalties, for there does not
and had him brought to Rome, where he was appear to have been any law applicable to such a
convicted by the senate, and Thrace was divided Priscus was executed, and Tiberius, in his
between the son of Rhescuporis and the children usual perplexed mode of expression, blamed the
of Cotys. (Tacit. Ann. ii. 64. )
senate; he praised their affectionate zeal in
A regard to external decency was one of the avenging insults to the princeps, but he disapproved
characteristics of the reign of Tiberius, and a decree of such hasty penalties being inflicted for words
of the senate was made against certain classes of only. (Tacit. Ann. iii. 49. ) It was on this oc-
women who professed the occupation of courtezans. casion that a senatus consultum was enacted, that
(Sueton. Tiber. c. 35; Tacit. Ann. ii. 85. ) But no decree of the senate should be carried to the
religious tolerance was not one of the merits of the Aerarium before the tenth day, and thus a reprieve
time of Tiberius ; a senatus consultum imposed pe- of so many days would be allowed to the con-
nalties on those who practised the ceremonial of demned (Tacit. Ann. iii. 51 ; Dion Cass. lvii
. 20).
the Egyptian or Jewish worship, though this was In the year A. D. 22 the senate conferred on Drusus,
not the first example of the kind of intolerance at at the request of Tiberius, the Tribunitia Potestas,
Rome. (Tacit. Ann. ii. 85 ; compare Seneca, Ep. the highest title of dignity, and an intimation that
108. ) This year was memorable for the appearance Drusus was to be the successor of Tiberius. Though
of a new island above the sea near Delos. (Plin. the senate had conferred the honour in terms of
Hist. Nat. ii. 87. )
great adulation, Drusus, who appears to have been
In the spring of A. D. 20 Agrippina landed at in Campania at the time, did not think it worth
Brundisium with the ashes of her husband. The while to come to Rome to thank them. (Tacit. Ann.
remains of Germanicus received a public interment, iii. 59. ) Tacfarinas, an African chieftain, had long
but Tiberius and Livia did not show themselves, troubled the province of Africa, and Junius Blaesas
for which Tacitus assigns a reason, which may be was sent as proconsul, with orders to catch him ;
true or false. (Ann. ii. 3. ) Piso, who came to but it was no easy thing to take this wandering
Rome, was accused before the senate of having robber, and Blaesus only seized his brother. Ti-
taken the life of Germanicus. There was strong berius allowed the soldiers to salute Blaesus with
suspicion, but little or no proof; yet Piso, seeing the title of Imperator, and he was the last Roman
that Tiberius gave him no support, released himself citizen, except the emperors, who enjoyed this
by a voluntary death, or was put to death by order ancient distinction. (Tacit. Ann. iii. 74. )
of Tiberius. His wife Plancina, who was guilty if In A. D. 23 Drusus, the son of Tiberius, died,
her husband was, escaped through the influence of being poisoned by the contrivance of Sejanus
Livia. There is certainly strong reason to believe (SEJANUS). His death was no loss to the state,
that in this matter of the death of Germanicus as for he gave indications of a character in no respect
well as of Piso, Tiberius was guilty (Tacit. Ann. better than that of his father ; yet he had lived on
iii. 16), though Tacitus does not pronounce a good terms with Germanicus, and after his death
positive opinion. Tiberius gave Julia, the daughter he had behaved well to his children, or at least had
of his son Drusus, in marriage to Nero, the eldest not displayed any hostility towards them. The
son of Germanicus, which was a popular measure. emperor either did not feel much sorrow for the
He also moderated the penalties which the Lex death of his son or he concealed it ; and when the
Papia, passed in the time of Augustus, imposed on people of Ilium some time after sent him a message
unmarried persons, with the double purpose of of condolence, he returned the compliment by con-
encouraging matrimony and filling the aerarium. doling with them on the death of their fellow-
(Tacit. Ann. iii. 25. )
against wbi
putting his
the island
had been
terus, con
to iniormes
die bs bi
Lanced ;
Weaken op
ters, an
tained the
as the ser
has inet
they had
kr of i
enemies
informer
we of bi
bal wie
Brutus
citizen Hector (Sueton. Tibcr. c. 52). It was re-
The year A. D. 21 was the fourth consulship of marked that the influence of Sejanus over Tiberius
Tiberius, and the second of his son Drusus Caesar, increased after the death of Drusus, and Tiberius
but it was considered a bad omen for Drusus, be began to display the vices of his character more
cause all those who had been his father's colleagues and more. The same was remarked also after the
bet mac
bis deier
be star
the aedi
Aanals
25).
derer
the wal
dedicat
Estive
a great
Sjana
bearing
cinued
VOL


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TIBERIUS.
1121
TIBERIUS.
a
Ceath of Germanicus, and again when his mother | death of Sejanus. (Tacit. Ann. iv. 57. ) A great
Liria died. Tiberius allowed the cities of Asia to accident happened at Fidenae in the following
erect a temple to himself and his mother at Smyrna, year: a man named Atilius built a temporary amphi-
the first instance of this flattery which he had theatre, for the exhibition of a show of gladiators,
permitted. But when the province of Hispania but being ill-constructed, it fell down during the
Ulterior asked permission to do the same thing, the games, and twenty thousand people, it is said, were
emperor refused, and stated his reason in an oration killed (Tacit. Ann. iv. 62 ; compare Sueton. Tiber.
to the senate, which is characterised by modesty 40). Atilius was banished. About this time a
and good sense. This singular man had a sound great conflagration destroyed all the buildings on the
judgment, and if we formed our opinion of him Muns Caelius, and the emperor liberally relieved
from his words only, we should place him among the sufferers in proportion to their losses, a measure
the wisest and best of the Roman emperors. His which procured him the good-will of the people.
measures too were often prudent and beneficial ; His dislike of publicity was shown during his re-
and yet such was his insincerity, that we can sidence in Campania, by an edict which cominanded
hardly know when to give him credit even for a the people not to disturb his retirement, and he
good action.
prevented all assemblages of people by placing
Tacfarinas, who had given the Romans so much soldiers in various posts. In order, however, to be-
trouble, was at last defeated and killed by the cure the retirement which he loved, he went (A. D.
proconsul P. Cornelius Dolabella (A. D. 24); but | 27) to the island of Capri (Capreae), which is about
Dolabella did not obtain the triumphal honours, three miles from the promontory of Surrento. This
though with inferior forces he had accomplished retreat was further recommended by having an
that which his predecessors had in vain attempted : almost inaccessible coast. A poor fisherman, who
this was owing to the influence of Sejanus, who had caught a large mullet, with difficulty made his
was unwilling that the glories of his uncle Blaesus way up the rocks to present it to the emperor, who
should be eclipsed by honours conferred on Dola- rewarded him by ordering his face to be well rubbed
bella. The system of delations was now in full with the fish. (Sueton. Tiber. C. 60. )
activity, and Rome witnessed the scandalous spec- The new year (A. D. 28) was opened with the
tacle of a son accusing his father, Q. Vibius Sere- death of Titus Sabinus, a friend of Germanicus,
nus, of a conspiracy against the emperor, without whom Latinius Latiaris had inveigled into very
being able to prove any thing against him. The strong expressions against Sejanus and Tiberius,
abject senate condemned Serenus to death, but while he had placed persons in secret to be wit-
Tiberius used his tribunitian power to prevent the nesses. The villains informed Tiberius of the
execution of the capital sentence, and the man words of Sabinus, and at the same time of their
against whom nothing could be proved even by own treachery. The emperor let the senate know
putting his slaves to the torture, was banished to his wishes, and this servile body immediately put
the island of Amorgus. Caecilius Cornutus, who Sabinus to death, for which they received the
had been charged with being an accomplice of Se- thanks of Tiberius. (Tacit. Ann. iv. 68. ) In this
renus, committed suicide. On this occasion a year Tiberius married Agrippina, a daughter of
motion was made in the senate for giving no reward Germanicus, to Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, and
to informers, if the person accused of treason should the result of this union was the emperor Nero
die by his own hand before sentence was pro- | (NERO). The death of Livia (A. D. 29), the em-
nounced ; but Tiberius, seeing that this would peror's mother, released Tiberius from one cause of
weaken one of his engines of state-craft, in harsh anxiety. He had long been tired of her, because
terms, and contrary to his practice, openly main- she wished to exercise authority, and one object in
tained the cause of the informers ; such a measure leaving Rome was to be out of her way. He did
as the senate proposed would, he said, render the not visit her in her last illness, nor come to the
laws ineffectual and put the state in jeopardy ; funeral, being, as he said, overwhelmed with public
they had better subvert all law than deprive the affairs, he who neglected all important affairs, and
law of its guardians. Tiberius, always fearing devoted himself to his solitary pleasures. (Tacit.
enemies, thought his safety consisted in encouraging Ann. v. 2 ; Dion Cass. lvii. 2. ) Livia's death
informers ; here he spoke out fairly, and revealed gave Sejanus and Tiberius free scope, for Tiberius
one of his secrets of governing. Cremutius Cordus never entirely released himself from a kind of sub-
bad written Annals, in which he had commended jection to his mother, and Sejanus did not venture
Brutus and Cassius : he was accused, and as he to attempt the overthrow of Livia's influence.
had made up his mind to die, he spoke boldly in the destruction of Agrippina and her children was
his defence. After going out of the senate house now the chief purpose of Sejanus, who had his
he starved himself to death; the senate ordered own ambitious projects to serve, as it is shown in
the aediles to search for his works and burn them, his life (SEJANUS ; AGRIPPINA]; he finally got
but all the copies were not discovered, and his from the tyrant the reward that was his just de-
Annals were extant when Tacitus wrote (Ann. iv. sert, an ignominious death.
35).
In A. D. 32 Latinius Latiaris, the infamous
in the year A. D. 26 Tiberius left Rome, and accuser of Sabinus, was executed. Cotta Messa-
never returned, though he came sometimes close to linus, a notorious scoundrel, was accused before
the walls of the city. He left on the pretext of the senate, but Tiberius wrote to them in his
dedicating temples in Campania, but bis real favour. This memorable letter (Tacit. Ann. iv. 6)
motives were his dislike to Rome, where he heard began with an admission, the truth of which will
a great deal that was disagreeable to him, and his not surprise any one; but it is somewhat singular,
wish to indulge his sensual propensities in private. that so profound a dissembler as Tiberius could
Sejanus may have contributed io this resolution of not keep to himself the consciousness of his own
leaving Rome, as it is said, but Tiberius still con- wretchedness: “ What to write to you, P. C. , or
tinued to reside out of Rome for six years after the how to write, I know not; and what not to write at
4 c
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1122
TIBERIUS.
TIBERIUS.
is alwaye Dion's fa
kemi tha: be made
in which he instit
bis coheredes, wit
r] might be a di
ef bisperate pro
explored all his
perer, and also
powerful with the
orainly did not
lezza, he would
and given the err
more.
this time, may all the gods and goddesses torment public execution by voluntary death. (Tacit. Ann.
me more, than I daily feel that I am suffering, if I vi. 26. )
do know. " This artful tyrant knew how to sub- In the year A. D. 33 Jesus Christ suffered under
mit to what he could not help: M. Terentius was Pontius Pilatus, in Judaea. (Pontius Pilatus. )
charged before the senate with being a friend of It became the fashion in the time of Tiberius
Sejanus, and he boldly avowed it. His courage either for the accused or the accuser to be punished;
saved him from death, his accusers were punished, and there was perhaps justice in it at such a time.
and Tiberius approved of the acquittal of Terentius Abudius Rufo made it a charge against L. Gaetu-
(Dion Cass. Iviii. 19). The emperor also pru- licus, under whom he bad served, that Gaetulicus
dently took no notice of an insult of the praetor had designed to give his daughter to the son of
L. Sejanus, the object of which was to ridicule the Sejanus, and Abudius was banished from the city.
emperor's person. [SEJANUS, L. ) Tiberius now Gaetulicus was at that time in command of the
left his retreat for Campania, and he came as far as legions in Upper Germany, and he is said to have
his gardens on the Vatican ; but he did not enter written a letter to Tiberius, from which the emperor
the city, and he placed soldiers to prevent any one might learn that a general at the head of an army,
coming near him. Old age and debauchery had by whom he was beloved, was not to be treated like
bent his body, and covered his face with ugly a njan who was within the walls of Rome.
blotches, which made him still more unwilling to Artaxias, whom Germanicus had placed on the
show himself ; and his taste for obscene pleasures, throne of Armenia, was now dead, and Artabanus,
which grew upon him, made him court solitude still king of the Parthians, had put his eldest son, Ar-
saces, on the throne. But Artabanus had enemies
One of the consuls of the year A. D. 33 was Serv. around him, who sent a secret message to Rome to
Sulpicius Galba, afterwards emperor.
A great ask the emperor to send them Phraates for their
number of informers in this year pressed for the king, whom his father Phraates had given as a
prosecution of those who had lent money contrary hostage to Augustus. Phraates was sent, but he
to a law of the dictator Caesar. The Romans died in Syria, upon which Tiberius nominated
never could understand that money must be treated Tiridates, who was of the same family, and he sent
as a commodity, and from the time of the Twelve L. Vitellius to direct affairs in the East (A. D. 35).
Tables they had always interfered with the free It was the policy of Tiberius to give employment
trade in money, and without success. The law of to Artabanus by raising up enemies against him at
Caesar was enforced, but as many of the senators home, rather than by employing the arms of Rome
had violated it, eighteen months were allowed to against him. (TIRIDATES ; ARTABANUS. ]
persons to settle their affairs, so as to bring them Rome was still the scene of tragic occurrences.
clear of the penalties of the lex. The consequence Vibulenus Agrippa, who was accused before the
was great confusion in the money market, as every senate, after his accusers bad finished their charge
creditor was pressing for payment, and people were against him took poison in the senate-house, and
threatened with ruin by a forced sale of their pro- fell down in the agonies of death ; yet he was
perty, to meet their engagements. The emperor dragged off to prison, and strangled though life was
relieved this distress by loans of public money, on already extinct. Tigranes, once king of Armenia,
security of land, and without interest. (Tacit. who was then at Rome, was also accused and put
Ann. vi. 17. )
to death. In the same year (A. D. 36) a confia-
The death of Sex. Marius, once a friend of Tibe-gration at Rome destroyed a part of the Circus
rius, is given by Dion Cassius (lviii. 22), as an ex- contiguous to the Aventine hill, and the houses on
ample of the emperor's cruelty. Marius had a hand- the Aventine also ; but the emperor paid the owners
some daughter, whom he removed to a distance, to of property to the full amount of their losses.
save her from the lust of his imperial friend. Upon Tiberius, now in his seventy-eighth year, had
this he was accused of incestuous commerce with his hitherto enjoyed good health ; and he was accus-
own daughter, and put to death ; and the emperor tomed to laugh at physicians, and to ridicule those
took possession of his gold mines, though they had who, after reaching the age of thirty, required the
been declared public property. The prisons, which advice of a doctor to tell them what was useful or
were filled with the friends or supposed friends of injurious to their health. (Tacit. Ann. vi. 46. ) But
Sejanus, were emptied by a general massacre of he was now attacked with a slow disease, which
men, women, and children, whose bodies were seized him at Astura, whence he travelled to
thrown into the Tiber.
Circeii, and thence to Misenum, to end his life in
About this time, when the emperor was re- the villa of Lucullus. He concealed his sufferings
turning to Capreae, he married Claudia, the as much as he could, and went on eating and in.
daughter of M. Silanus, to C. Caesar, the son dulging himself as usual. But Charicles, his phy.
of Germanicus, a youth whose early years gave sician, took the opportunity of feeling the old
ample promise of what he would be and what man's pulse, and told those about him that he
he was, as the emperor Caligula. Asinius Gallus, would not last two days. No successor was yet
the son of Asinius Pollio, and the husband of Vip- appointed. Tiberius had a grandson, Tiberius
sania, the divorced wife of Tiberius, died this year Nero Gemellus, who was only seventeen, and too
hunger, either voluntarily or by constraint. young to direct affairs. Caius, the son of Germa-
Drusus, the son of Germanicus, and his mother nicus, was older and beloved by the people ; but
Agrippina, also died at this time. The death of Tiberius did not like him. He thought of Claudius,
Agrippina brought on the death of Plancina, the the brother of Germanicus, as a successor, but
wife of Cn. Piso, for Livia being dead, who pro- Claudius was too weak of understanding. Accord-
tected her, and Agrippina, who was her enemy, ingly, says Tacitus, he made no declaration of his
there was now no reason why justice should not will, but left it to fate to determine his successor,
have its course ; yet it does not appear what evi. Dion Cassius says (lviii. 23) that he named C. Cali-
dence there was against her. Plancina escaped a l gula, because he knew his bad disposition ; but this
On the sixtee
kui a fainting
a sbich Caius
perar; bas he w
Tiberias had rec
et Caius was
at to do, and
to death ;
End, gare orde
be thrown on T
altee. Thus T
çasting Seneca
Eis death,
is months, an
taken to Rome.
ducted with th
gala pronounce
Tiberius than
& Tiberius
Azgestus. Tad
Fords, his cha
Do: fully shor
traint. He 1
in a private s
a
most men are.
fer bare the
primited poa
In the time
Veleias Pau
Strabo ; also
ceios Serran
Tiberius w
(Sueton. Tibe
peror Domiti:
for bis life of
sarioas let
sod bis Ora
keveral publi
delivered wbt
mest assume
ese; the fu
Maroboduus,
ras extant
Tiberius also
on the Death
Avenge
Vell. Pat
Dian Cassia


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TIBERIUS.
1123
TIBERIUS.
is always Dion's fashion. Suetonius ( Tiber. c. 76)| Tillemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. i. ; De C.
says that he made a will two years before his death, Suetonü Tranquilli Fontibus et Auctoritate, Scrip
in which he instituted Caius and Tiberius Gemellus sit A. Krause, Berlin, 1831 ; Oratorum Romanorum
his coheredes, with mutual substitution ; and this Fragmenta, H. Meyer, 2d ed. )
[G. L. )
will might be a disposition of the empire as well as TIBE'RIUS II. , emperor of the East A. D. 578
of his private property. Caius had for some time 582. His full name was Anicius Thrax, FLAVIUS
employed all his artifices to win the favour of the CONSTANTINUS. He was captain of the guards to
emperor, and also that of Macro, who was now all the emperor Justinus II. , who elevated him to the
powerful with the emperor. It seems that Tiberius rank of Caesar or Augustus, A. D. 574. He was a
certainly did not like Caius, and if he had lived native of Thrace, whence he has the addition of
longer, he would probably have put him to death, Thrax to his name. He assumed the name of Con.
and given the empire to his grandson.
stantinus after he became emperor. The date of
On the sixteenth of March A. D. 37, Tiberius his birth is uncertain. He was brought up at the
had a fainting fit, and was supposed to be dead, court of Justinian, and employed by Justinus II. ,
on which Caius came forth and was saluted as em- who succeeded Justinian A. D. 565. In A. D. 573
peror ; but he was alarmed by the intelligence that Tiberius commanded the imperial troops against the
Tiberius had recovered and called for something to Avars, in the neighbourhood of the Save and the
eat. Caius was so frightened that he did not know Danube. He lost one battle against them, but he
what to do, and was every moment expecting to be soon recovered this failure, and secured for the em-
put to death ; but Macro, with more presence of pire the possession of Sirmium, near the junction of
mind, gave orders that a quantity of clothes should the Save and the Danube. Justinus, feeling himself
be thrown on Tiberius, and that he should be left incompetent for the labour of administration, asso-
alone. Thus Tiberius ended his life. Suetonius, ciated Tiberius with him, and it is said that the
quoting Seneca, gives a somewhat different account influence of his wife Sophia, who adınired the hand-
of his death. Tiberius reigned twenty-two years, some captain, contributed to determine the emperor's
six months, and twenty-six days. His body was choice. The speech which the emperor addressed
taken to Rome, and his funeral ceremony was con- to Tiberius on this occasion is preserved by Theo-
ducted with the usual pomp. His successor Cali- phylactus Simocatta, and has been translated by
gula pronounced the oration, but he spoke less of Gibbon : it contained wise advice, and Tiberius
Tiberius than of Augustus, Germanicus, and him followed it. Justinus survived this ceremony four
self. Tiberius did not receive divine honours, like years, during which the weight of administration
Augustus. Tacitus (Ann. vi. 51) has given, in a few fell on Tiberius alone.
words, his character, the true nature of which was The Longobards were now in Italy, but a war
not fully shown till he was released from all re- with Persia prevented Tiberius from directing all
straint. He was probably one of those men who, his attention to that quarter. Yet he maintained
in a private station, might have been as good as his authority in the exarchate of Ravenna, and in
most men are, for it is fortunate for mankind that other parts of Italy, and he saved Pelagius II. , the
few have the opportunity and the temptation which pope of Rome, and the Roman citizens, from the
unlimited power gives.
Longobards, by a timely supply of provisions, which
In the time of Tiberius lived Valerius Maximus, were forwarded by a fleet. " To check the progress
Velleius Paterculus, Phaedrus, Fenestella, and of the Longobards in the north of Italy, he con-
Strabo ; also the jurist Massurius Sabinus, M. Coccluded an alliance some years later with Chilperic
ceius Nerva, and others.
the king of the Franks, The war with Chosroes,
Tiberius wrote a brief commentary of his own life king of Persia, demanded all the resources of Ti-
(Sueton. Tiber. c. 61), the only book that the em: berius. In a. D. 576, Justinian, who was in com-
peror Domitian studied : Suetonius made use of it mand of the armies of the Eastern Empire, crossed
for his life of Tiberius. Suetonius also made use the Bosporus with a force of 150,000 men, to relieve
of various letters of Tiberius to princes and others, Theodosiopolis in Armenia, which was defended by
and his Orationes to the senate. Tiberius made Theodorus, a Byzantine general. This force com-
several public orations, such as that on his father, prehended a great number of Germans and Slavo-
delivered when he was nine years old, but this we nians. A battle was fought with Chosroes near
must assume to have been written by somebody Melitene in Armenia, in which the Persians were
else ; the funeral oration of Augustus ; that on defeated, and many of them perished in the Eu-
Maroboduus, delivered before the senate A. D. 19, phrates. An immense booty, carried by twenty-
was extant when Tacitus wrote (Ann. ii. 63). four elephants, was brought to Constantinople. Jus-
Tiberius also wrote Greek poems, and a lyric poem tinian is said to have advanced into the very centre
on the Death of L. Caesar.
of the Persian empire, and was about concluding
a treaty with Chosroes, but it was interrupted by
some advantage gained over Justinian by one of
the generals of Chosroes. Justinian was recalled.
and Mauricius, afterwards the successor of Tiberius.
was appointed to command in his place. Mauricius
secured himself against sudden attacks by adopting
the old Roman plan of never resting, except in an
entrenched camp. The winter (A. D. 577—578)
Mauricius spent in Mesopotamia.
Justinus died on the fifth of October A. D. 578,
and Tiberius was now sole emperor. Sophia, it is
said, hoped to become the wife of Tiberius, but
(Vell. Pat. ii. 94 ; Tacitus, Annales, i. -ri. ; when the people in the Hippodrome called for the
Dion Cassius, lvii. lviï. ; Suetonius, Tiberius ; l new empress, Tiberius produced as his wife Ana-
PORTO
COIN OP TIBERIUS.
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1124
TIBERIUS.
TIBULLUS.
stasia, to whom he had been for some time secretly | 8vo. , Lips. 1773, 8vo. ; and separately by Bois
married. Sophia, though treated with respect by sonade, Lond. Valpy, 1815, 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl.
the new emperor, and enjoying an ample allowance, Graec. vol. vi. p. 118; Classical Journal, No. 23,
could not forget her disappointment, and she is said pp. 198—204. )
to have induced Justinian to conspire with her to 2. ILLUSTRIUS, the author of two epigrams in
overthrow the man whom she had loved. The plot the Greek Anthology. Nothing more is known of
was discovered: Sophia was deprived of all power him. (Brunck, Anal, vol. iii. p. 7; Jacobs, Anth.
of doing further mischief, and Justinian, who was Gracc. vol. iii. p. 228, vol. xiii. p. 962. ) [P. S. )
pardoned, became a faithful friend of Tiberius. TIBERIUS, a veterinary surgeon, who may
In A. D. 579 Chobroes, the Persian, was such perhaps have lived in the fourth or fifth century
ceeded by Hormisdas, and the war began again. after Christ. He wrote some works, of which
Mauricius defcated the Persians, overran a large only fragments remain, which are to be found in
part of Persia, and in a bloody contest on the Eu- the collection of writers on veterinary surgery, first
phrates, A. D. 500, gave the forces of Hormisdas a published in Latin by J.