During the past fortnight, however, there and of her sympathetic insight into primi-
adjacent
anthropology of the Greek circle
has been a decided improvement, due to the tive conditions of mind and society.
has been a decided improvement, due to the tive conditions of mind and society.
Athenaeum - London - 1912a
, the determination of the several difficulties that he finds in thus
far from obvious. It should be remembered, southern limit of the Great Ice Barrier in considering that there are in existence real
however, that in the time of Nehemiah a poll about 86° s. lat. and 163° W. long.
tax of one-third of a shekel was imposed upon
From atoms of energy. He points out that the
Jews instead of the previous levy of half a shekel, his cable it would appear that this is a
first person who witnessed a shock between
and it is not improbable that the same principle conjectural estimate, for he left the Barrier two bodies probably thought that he was
was carried into the other standards. The Hebrew in lat. 85°; but from this point he could beholding a
or Phoenician shekel was really a double stater, plainly descry that the Victoria Land range whereas we now know that he was really
discontinuous phenomenon,
and weighed about 220 grains. It should, there-
fore, be compared with double staters in the other
of mountains became merged in another assisting at a very rapid, but still continuous
systems, and this is what was done by Josephus range from the north-east-probably from change of velocity.
in comparing it with the Attic standard. Con. | Edward VII. Land.
sequently, a Babylonian Jew in paying his On October 20, with five men, four idea of discontinuity or atomism is gaining
It is curious to notice, however, how this
poll tax would give a third of a double stater on
the Persian standard, while an Egyptian Jew Bledges, and fifty-two dogs, he pushed due ground. Sir Joseph Thomson, at his lecture
would give a third of a double kedet, each one
south over the Barrier surface, picking up Molecular Physics' at the Royal
thus contributing in the currency to which he was
without difficulty three depots laid down Institution on the oth inst. , threw out the
accustomed, instead of weighing by the shekel in the autumn, the furthest of which was
standard, which was, for political reasons, pro- in 82° s. On November 9th they sighted dealing with the continuous transmission
suggestion that in a ray of light we are really
bably in abeyance at the time.
the high range of Victoria Land in the south of energy from one of a series of points to
west, and on the 18th, in lat. 85°, they the others. But this is not very far from
left the Barrier-edge in order to ascend
Mos. Bibliographical, 5. - English Printers' and
this range at a new point. By wonderful
a corpuscular instead of an undulatory theory
of light.
Victoria and Albert Museum, 6. – Georgian Town and Country climbing they reached the height of 10,600 ft.
Institute of British Architects, 8. – The Architecture of the in four days, which seems to indicate that IT, was proposed at International Geo.
the new Axel Heiberg Glacier must be easier graphical Congresses several years ago to
Painting, Lecture I. , Mr. N. Heaton. (Captor Lecture. )
TUES. Royal Institution, 3. -'Ancient Britain,' Lecture II. , Dr. T. R.
of ascent than the Beardmore Glacier, which make a map of the whole world of one-
Pritish Museum, 4. 30. —'Early Byzantine Churches,' Mr. B.
took Shackleton's party twenty-three days. millionth actual linear size, or, in other words,
Here the Norsemen were imprisoned in their
on the scale of sixteen miles to the inch, to
Statistical, 5. -The Financial Systems of Germany,' Mr. P.
Ashley.
tent for four days by a blizzard, and sacrificed be published in sheets. It appears that this
Institution of Civil Engineers, 8: - Discussion on The Main
Drainage of Glasgow. . The Construction of the Glasgow some of their dogs, retaining only eighteen work is now being performed by interna
Main-Drainage Works,' and Glasgow Main Drainage: the for the final march. Their climbing was
tional co-operation, and that the War Office
Kinning Park Pumpiug-Station. '
Anthropological e. nasiente, 8. 16. -'The study of Primitive gradually southwards to 8,000 ft. at the
not yet over, for the plateau descended has lately produced a sheet of South Africa.
UNDER the rigorous climatic conditions
foot of the Devil's Glacier, which they now prevailing in Antarctic regions it is not an
Zoological, 8. 30. 'Observations on Alcyonaria from Singapore,
had
to ascend. This glacier was
easy matter for an explorer to determine
Nephthyida, Mr. E: W. Shaun A List of Moths of the dangerous than the former ; but on Decem accurately his latitude, so as to be certain
Family Pyralidæ collected by Felix B. Pratt and Charles
ber 6th they reached the central plateau in that he has reached the actual Pole. The
Cirripedes of the Genus Scalpellum,' Mr. T. II. Withers.
87° 40' at 10,750 ft. , which was the corrected) necessary observation consists in measuring
between Hydro- height of Shackleton's last marches over the altitude of the sun, which at the South
graphical and Meteorological Phenomena,
the same plateau. From 88° 25', reached Pole in the middle of December would be
Entomological,
8.
on December 9th, the plateau sloped slightly only 23° above the horizon. The sun would,
Folk-lore, 8. - The Folk-lore of the Middle Issa Japura downwards ; but Amundsen estimates that of course, remain at nearly the same alti,
Society of Arts, 8-The Work of the Marine Biological the Pole, which he reached on December 14th, tude throughout his apparent diurnal round
Tuurs. Royal Institution. 3. - Seasonal Dimorphism in Butterflies,' is at a height of 10,000 ft. During his three of the heavens, and would be repeatedly
days at the Pole, and indeed throughout his observed. An error of five or six miles
Thin Anchor-ring. ' Lord Rayleigh ; 'The After-Luminosity
of Klectric Discharge
in Hydrogen observed by Hertz,' Hon.
homeward march, he was favoured with might easily be made, and this uncertainty
R. J. Strutt , On the Changes in the Dimensions of a stoei good weather, and a most careful series (which in no way detracts from the merits
Waves in Steel, Prof. J. H. Poynting; The Oritical
of observations was taken. He returned of the achievement) would remain in the
Patterson, R. 8. Cripps, and R. Whytlaw. Gray; and other
the whole distance from the Pole to his resulting latitude of the final station. But
Britisb Archeological Association, 5. -'Some Phases of Indian
base—875 miles--in thirty-nine days, which it cannot be too strongly, emphasized that
Architecture, with Bpecial Reference to Ancient Indian gives an average of more than twenty-two a mere journey to the Pole however much
Institution of Electrical Engineers, 8. -Discussion on The miles a day. This is a high speed, including, it may appeal to the popular imagination-
Causes preventing the More General Use of Electricity for
as it did, the descent of 10,000 ft. and two is in itself of little scientific interest or value
Linners to be cörthoptera: Phasmade to the Seychelles mighty glaciers; but as the party were well unless it includes the means and oppor.
Dr. Ignacio Bolivar and Mr. Ferrière;
mens of Phasmidæ,' Prof. A. Deody; and other Papers. provided with food, they would cover great tunity of making scientific observations of the
Chemical, 8. 30. -Iso-erucic Acid," Messrs, a. K. Macbeth and
distances over the Barrier surface. We surrounding conditions, both geographical
Society of Antiquaries, 8. 80.
congratulate the Norsemen on a feat which and meteorological, as has evidently been
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Publishers
Devices, 1567-1640,' Mr. R. B. McKerrow.
French Renaissance,' Mr. W. H. Ward.
Society of Arts, 8. - Materials and Methods of Decorative
Holmes.
Fletcher.
Mechanical Equipment of the Western Works and of the
-
Music, Dr. Myers.
Colonial Institute, 8. 30. -'British Columbia and her Im.
perial Outlook,' Mr. Y. B. Vrooidan.
with a Brief Discussion on the Classification of the Family
more
WXD.
B. Pratt la Dutch New Gulned in 1909-10, with Descriptions
of New &pecies,' Mr. G. H. Kenrick; Some Early Fossil
Meteorological, 7. 30. - 'The Connexion
Prof. 0.
Pettersson.
British Numismatic, 8.
-
Watershods' Chpt. Whiffen.
Association,' Mr. F. M. Duncan.
Dr. F. A. Dixey.
Royal, 4. 30. -'On the self-Induction of Electric Currents in
Wire when Twisted, ond on the Pressure of Distortional
Constants and Orthobaric Densities of Xenon,' Messrs. H. S.
Papers.
-
Tiles,' Mr. E. Vredenburg.
Domestic Purposes. '
to
Prof. D'Arcs W. Thompson.
could only have been achieved by a com. accomplished by Capt. Amundsen,
Royal Institution, 3. - Molecular Physics,' Lecture V. , Prof.
bination of splendid endurance and ex. whose achievement we refer in the preceding
Irish Literary. 8. -The Irish "Paradise Lost,"' Misa Elennor
cellent organization.
column.
A, W. Stewart.
Per.
Royal Institution. 9. The North Sea and its Fisheries,
Sat.
Sir J. J. Thomson.
Pul).
## p. 317 (#247) ############################################
2
317
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
Τ Η Ε Α Τ Η Ε Ν Ε Ο Μ
&
ained
d by
very
er of
Hertz
auga
stion
y in
hese
son.
the
ains
cant
M.
Luch
Hely
be
ons
rise
des
om,
OW,
1188
tet
of.
ests
aus
he
overcast
en
28
0,
18
ix-a
-8
V
MLLE. EDMÉE CHANDON has been ap-
for instance--directly or indirectly reflects
pointed Assistant Astronomer to the Paris
FINE ARTS
some one of the various possible forms of
Observatory. For many years past
social organization which involve a matri-
number of women have been employed at the
lineal transmission of the group-name.
Paris Observatory as temporary assistants.
At least let the anthropologist, working
Mlle. Chandon is, however, the first of her Themis: a Study of the Social Origins of on peoples whose institutions and beliefs
sex in France to receive a permanent appoint-
Greek Religion. By Jane Ellen Harri- .
ment of this nature.
can be studied as a still living whole,
(Cambridge University Press. ) first make it clear, or
even probable,
that the ritual of matrilineal peoples
A CORRESPONDENT from Leeds writes :-
Miss HARRISON has written a work which tends, as such, to emphasize motherhood
“Amateur astronomers in or near large towns is likely to last long as a monument both at the expense of fatherhood. As it is,
labour under many disadvantages by reason of the
more or less smoky atmosphere which usually
of her wide range of classical scholarship Miss Harrison herself provides from the
prevails.
During the past fortnight, however, there and of her sympathetic insight into primi- adjacent anthropology of the Greek circle
has been a decided improvement, due to the tive conditions of mind and society. It is of lands all sorts of proximate clues to a
stoppage, owing to the Coal War, of smoke-pro-
ducing concerns. This has meant the opening of a book not only learned, but also instinct sound working hypothesis that are wholly
the night sky to a degree to which the city star with a soul. Moreover, as every notable independent of rash assumptions about
gazer is practically a stranger in his native land.
"I experienced a remarkably transparent atmo-
creation must be, the book is revolutionary. what may have happened in the far-off
sphere a few evenings ago. Sirius was then nearing Miss Harrison has poured the new wine days when, somewhat in the style of M.
the meridian, and burned with a brilliancy which I of the mana-doctrine-or preanimism,” Jourdain, fathers incurred fatherhood
had never before observed from this district. Fresh
or “dynamism," or whatever it is to be without knowing it.
beauties were added to dazzling Vega in the north-
without knowing it. For instance, as
north-east, whilst the brightness and play of colour termed-into the old bottles of the both Miss Harrison and Mr. F. M. Cornford,
of Arcturus in the east-north-east were a revelation.
Frazerian vegetation-magic. The surpris- in his interesting contribution to the book,
One more Pleiad, at least, could be seen with the
naked oye, and neighbouring Mars glowed with quite ing thing is that, with delicate handling show reason for believing, the priority
leaden-hued object shone over the west horizon like she makes the old bottles suffice. At may have caused the Year-child to be
unaccustomed lustrem. Later that evening a large and some neat patching here and there, of a lunar to a solar reckoning of time
a lamp on the summit of a not far-distant hill,
and it was difficult to believe that the object was her hands Dr. Frazer suffers, not dissolu- associated with mother Moon rather than
Saturn. If the night skies have benefited by the tion, but translation, as a major prophet with father Sun. In any case, the
dissipation of the smoke-cloud, so, too, have the
day skies, as the sunshine records-on days not
such as he assuredly deserves.
motherhood-motive in primitive ritual
have shown. The intensity of the
Indeed, to the conservative mind it is one thing, and a real thing. Matri-
sunlight has been noticeable in a marked degree. "
will appear rather as if Miss Harrison, by archy, however, is quite another thing,
her revolution or evolution, did injustice namely, an equivocal term corresponding
In somewhat speculative mood the Royal mainly to herself. She deliberately im- to nothing real, that is to say, deter-
Astronomical Society discussed at its meet.
ing on the 8th inst. , on the initiative of
molates herself on a pile composed of minate, and so of scientific value.
Prof. Turner, the mechanics of the universe
her former writings in order that, Phænix- Once more, “totemism" is doubtless a
on the assumption that the body of stars like, she may shake a fresh and more word to conjure with, but Miss Harrison
and the matter in space have a definite brilliant plumage in the sun. Miss Harri- had been well advised to cast it away
centre of mass, which may be considered son openly and joyfully avows herself a with those other impedimenta which she
as an attracting point about which the stars disciple of M. Bergson. She is a hand- discards. She is manifestly well aware
0-cillate. The difference between this and maid of the loom of the Time-spirit. that hunting-ritual, such as the famous
another speculation, with which the name
of Mädler is associated, that all the stars
So it comes about that she is subjectively bear-sacrifice of the Ainu, may have
are moving in orbits about a central point, disposed to catch the note in early Greek nothing to do with totemism, and will,
will be appreciated. The new suggestion religion which corresponds to the cult of nevertheless, yield her all that is needed
has its basis in the recently observed fact
"the Eniautos-daimon”-the endeavour for her argument, namely, the fact of a
that the slow secular movement of the by sacramental means to help things to communal participation in the mana of
“ fixed stars tends in general to group grow, and yourself to grow with them. the sacred animal, or, at any rate-and
them in two directions opposed to For the rest, her scholarship is both it is a far safer way of putting it—in the
another, a recently discovered phenomenon
which goes by the name of “star-streaming.
extensive and intensive enough to enable mana of the sacred ceremony as a whole.
her to prove the objective existence of Why, then, seek for analogies to Medi-
Intichiuma
THE eclipse of the sun that will occur
such a leading motive in Grcek ritual of terranean custom in the
the proto-historic period.
rites
on April 17th will have some points of
of the Central Australians ? А
interest and scientific value, though the
One cannot, however, recreate oneself reference to Herr Strehlow, which the
duration of totality will be short. First, all of a piece. Odd bits of functionless bad example set by Dr. Frazer ought not
there will be some places from which it will anatomy have a way of obtruding them to persuade other British students of
be possible to see the whole of the chromo- selves into the new system, where they anthropology to omit, might have satis-
spheric ring, that is, the sun's atmospheric
may even
cause trouble. Or, to pass
envelope, and nothing but that ring at one
fied Miss Harrison that Intichiuma is not
instant. But especially at this eclipse
from physiology to sociology in search of their proper name—and, perhaps, might
there will be a good opportunity for deter-
a metaphor, survivals are a discount have revealed other things about them as
mining with accuracy the position of the which all progress must be prepared to pay.
well. It is true that there are a few
central line, and the relative magnitude of In Miss Harrison’s new system one such scattered facts from the East-Mediter-
the diameters of the sun and moon. French survival is
the matriarchate. ” She ranean region that are suggestive of some
astronomers are proposing to arrange ob knows perfectly well, since she admits it in sort of clan-totemism, the snake-born
servers in groups, one on the supposed central
line, with others on either side of the first,
so many words, that “matriarchy" is a bad men of Phrygia and Parium furnishing
a short distance away, but so far that they word which ought to be dropped. But the best case. But since various theorists
will see only a partial eclipse. Comparison she cannot bear to part with an old friend, have in the past written totemism over
of the amounts of the solar disc seen un. even though the friend has grown dis- the whole face of primitive religion, to
obscured by these should give the position reputable. Nor is it a question merely the lasting confusion of their readers,
of the central line.
of the name, but rather of the thing. it would have prevented misunderstanding
Herodotus records the fact that there was if Miss Harrison had followed Dr. Frazer
MR. S. ENEBO of Dombaas, Norway, matrilineal descent in Lycia. That is in excluding totemism-for the present,
announces his discovery on the evening of about the only positive evidence we have at any rate—from the Hellenic world.
the 12th inst. of
star of the fourth of the presence of any kind of mother- Now, be it understood, we regret Miss
magnitude, situated near Geminorum. right in the Eastern Mediterranean. But Harrison's loyalty to her old loves-
Such a rapid rise in brilliancy as this an.
nouncement indicates
de cosmica; suppose this form of descent proved up matriarchy and totemism-not because
cataclysm on a stupendous scale. Further
to the hilt for the whole area. It would her argument is at all seriously affected
developments will be awaited with much still have to be shown that the cult of a thereby, but simply in fear lest certain of
interest.
mother and son-Semele and Dionysus, 'her critics who do not dare to assault her
2
one
66
a
new
means
## p. 318 (#248) ############################################
318
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
unsensa-
come
a
over
oentral position may set up claims to to say, then, that, somewhat after the AUMONIER MEMORIAL EXHIBITION.
mock triumphs at her expense on the method of The Golden Bough,' Miss
JAMES AUMONIER was almost the last
score that they have stormed these Harrison's book sets out to explain the
survivor of the homely and
superfluous and 'not very defensible out- newly discovered Hymn of the Kouretes, tional English landscape school, and when,
works. For her central position, we and, in the course of a search for analogies amid the prompt and shallow effectiveness
incline to think, will defy siege-engines of and illustrations, achieves, by pleasantly of most current exhibitions, we
even the latest pattern. Her theory devious paths that avoid the dusty and upon. , a collection of his works at the
amounts to this—that behind and beneath trodden ways, a wide circuit and survey Goupil Gallery, we realize how profound
change has come the picture-
Olympianism,” the cult of anthropo- of the more primitive forms of Greek
loving public during the last twenty
morphic gods, there can be discerned an religion. Be it added that the clue years. Except for å
years. Except for a cultured minority,
older type of cult (a cult being defined as through the maze is never out of the
we can hardly count on the attention of the
a recurrent rite), which, whilst dealing in reader's hand, thanks to the clearness visitor through three rooms hung with
and with sanctities precious to society, with which the author enunciates pictures, almost all of which show a delicate
is nevertheless more or less completely her guiding principles at the start. For sense of the beauty of nature, but none of
godless. This lower stratum of mimetic the rest, her style of writing is so fresh
which is startling. The close yet fluent
ceremonies corresponds to what Dr. Frazer and free, and she displays such a fine draughtsmanship of No. 105, Old Chalk Pit
has made familiar to the world under the enthusiasm, that we are carried along, two fine studies of low sunlight near by,
name of " magic. ” Miss Harrison retains and feel ourselves not wand-bearers, but Cornricks, Evening (111), and Willows and
the term in this sense ; and certain it is Bacchi. The index is magnificent, and Sunlight (109), might be adduced as examples
that, whatever science may prefer to say, the letterpress and numerous illustrations of how very far from commonplace was Aumo-
the British public will for many years to are in every way worthy of the Cambridge nier's painting. Crisp and buoyant in execu-
come continue to hold that no god spells Press.
tion, packed with observation flung down as
no religion. She is, nevertheless, tho
if it were the simplest thing in the world,
even these spontaneous studies make, we
roughly in touch with modern psychology
fancy, just a little too much demand on the
and sociology, which declare with no
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
leisure of a public jaded to all but novelty ;
uncertain sound that between a religious
while they must wait a few years for general
service addressed to a god, and the kind Four further instalments of the “ Beauti. recognition of their value as relics of a
of magical rite which is performed by ful England ” Series (Blackie) are before more quiet age when continuous thought
the community to secure such blessing Haslehust, and described by Edward Thomas,
The Isle of Wight, pictured by Ernest and sustained interest were the natural aim
and increase as may be enjoyed in com-
of a painter.
and Winchester, for which the same artist No. 101, Aspens in Spring, is a typical
mon, there is no difference of kind what supplies the illustrations and Mr. Sidney example of the thoroughly English school
ever, so long as it is a question of the Heath the text, should be welcomed by those of painting from which Aumonier emerged
nerve of the affair, namely, the inward who appreciate the manifold charms of the -a school which set great value on a light,
meaning and intent. Thus, in the same first, or the graver attractions of the pleasant adroit touch, suggesting by its variety
breath, she pronounces the godless rite city. Mr. Haslehust is at his best in his the complexity of natural detail, and some-
magical in its mechanism, yet
religious in pictures of the Çity Bridge of Winchester times liable to fall into tricks of handling in
its motive. What is more important than not quite so successful in the choice and
and the Brethren's Hall of St. Cross. He is this search for technical variety. At Bosham
(103) alongside shows the direction of the
any matter of terminology, she brings out execution of his studies of the Isle of Wight. more purely personal bent which made him
by a most penetrating analysis, full of Visitors and lovers of the picturesque are -to an extent which to-day is hardly realized
happy touches, the fundamental nature of getting somewhat tired of the attractions of -a pioneer of the modern movement by his
this variety of religious experience,' the Old Church, Bonchurch; it is almost introduction of a type of landscape more
as William James would have called it. overdone with carefully tended shrubs and massive, depending less
“
quality
On one small point only we venture to contrast to the gaunt and forlorn look of
flowers, which afford a rather painful than the work of his brother landscape
painters in this country, and more on the
disagree with her. She writes :
the disused interior.
general pattern of the picture. No. 107,
The hunting, fighting, or what not, the The text concerning Winchester is dis-
Harvest Time, is between these two extremes ;
thing done, is never religious ; the thing tinctly attractive, and will not probably
while No. 169, Evening on the Downs, demon-
re-done with heightened emotion is on the be very closely studied. The threadbare strates how even in his latest and broadest
way to become so. The element of action | legend of St. Swithin scarcely needed telling manner the artist could retain the subtle
re-done, imitated, the element of uiunois, once again. Mr. Heath has a curious idea texture of paint which makes his best work
is, I think, essential. In all religion, as of the sequence of architectural styles. As so quietly suggestive.
in all art, there is this element of make- to St. Cross, he remarks :-
The water-colours are, to the present
believe. Not the attempt to deceive, but a
critic, an unexpected revelation of the
desire to re-live, to re-present. ”
“ From Romanesque, through Norman and
We
Early English, to Later Decorated, and to
artist's achievements in this medium.
Transition Norman, the church is considered to
note Nos. 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 29, 34, 39,
Is not Miss Harrison here, wittingly or be the best example in existence. "
and 40 as among the best of these draw-
unwittingly, punning on the représentation It is appropriate to refer to Izaak Walton which is very personal. Nos. 23–5 are
ings, which have an odd, blunt delicacy
collective of her favourite French socio- and Jane Austen, both of whom lie buried examples of the artist's careful studies of
logists, for whom the term is simply in the cathedral; but we can see no adequate detail in early life, and this period might,
equivalent to our “ idea ” ? We can reason for regarding Charles Kingsley, who with advantage, have been more fully shown.
surely act under the inspiration of a col- is buried at Eversley, as belonging to the Two studies of Oxford (32 and 52) are
lective idea without a previous rehearsal ;
Winchester country.
charming examples of topographical work,
though it may well be that such a rehearsal Ulster, pictured by Alexander Williams in which it is somewhat surprising that he
would bring into clearer consciousness and described by Stephen Gwynn, and
and described by Stephen Gwynn, and did not make more frequent essays. Nos. 65,
the essential meaning of what was done.
Leinster, by the same artist and writer, 67, and 73 show his latest water-colour
To take a concrete case, eating, no less
should win new friends for Ireland. The style, which is wonderfully free and brilliant ;
former, with its two great lakes and its four while No. 77, The Mall, Hammersmith, should
than pretending to eat, may be religious.
seaboard counties, is a province abounding be mentioned for the admirable design of the
Make-believe and belief, humility and in beauty, and Mr. Williams must have
confidence, may, and typically do, co-exist been puzzled in the selection of twelve
and co-operate in the religious life. But subjects for his bright illustrations. His
this consideration, if important in itself, picture of Londonderry from the water-
THE ATKINSON SALE.
leaves Miss Harrison's argument in the
side presents an absolute contrast to the
MESSRS. CHRISTIE sold on Saturday last the
main unaffected.
sterner scenery of Mount Errigal from the collection of modern pictures and water-colour
We have left ourselves no space in
Gweedore River, Donegal.
drawings belonging to the late Mr. Edward
Atkinson.
which to set forth this argument in detail,
Leinster, the very heart of Ireland and Pictures : Vicat Cole, A Cornfield, near Goring-
having chosen rather to dwell on the the richest of its provinces, offers every on-Thames, 3881. 108. D. Cox, Harlech Castle,
3251. 108. ; A Welsh Farm, 2731. B. W. Leader,
novelty and scientific importance of the beauty of wildness, and Mr. Gwynn does full
type of scenery, except that it lacks the
Hedgerow Elms on Hillocks Green, 3991.
principles on which it rests. Suffice it I justice to his congenial subject.
A drawing by C. Fielding, View of the Isle of
Wight from Bow Hill, Sussex, fetched 1891.
on
## p. 319 (#249) ############################################
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
319
THE ATHENÆUM
man.
THE excavations of the Roman fort at
Fine Art Gossip.
Alzey in Hesse have, according to the recently
MUSIC
published report, resulted in the discovery
In the upper room at the Goupil Gallery that the building differs in important
Mr. W. Orpen's drawings from life show great essentials from all forts discovered till now
cleverness, but their insistent claim on the in Germany, as it is constructed of stone
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
attention becomes a little tiring. He is at instead of wood and earthwork. The coins
Wagner's Briefwechsel mit seinen Verlegern.
his best in Nos. 9, 17, and 19, and in certain found point to 330 A. D. as the date of its
Vol.
portraits like that of Mr. George Moore (52), erection, while a layer of ashes makes it II. (B. Schott's Söhne. )- This is
which is almost photographic in its careful probable that the whole was destroyed by the second of three volumes of the corre-
objectivity. No. 6 is also a good drawing, fire.
spondence of Wagner with his publishers,
but some of the nude studies display little
and it concerns the Schott firm, which
more than a fluent knowledge of the common- DR. GARSTANG has just returned from the published Die Meistersinger,' the 'Ring,
places of human anatomy. In a painter nine months' excavations in Asia Minor and “Parsifal. ' The volume is edited by
of his gifts the copious production of such and the Sudan that he has been conducting Dr. Wilhelm Altmann, who in 1905 issued
drawings is disappointing.
for the University of Liverpool. At his
a most useful epitome of over 3,000 letters
former site at Sakhtje Geuzi, near Ain-tab, and notes of Wagner from 1830 down to
NEITHER of the shows at the Leicester he has explored nearly the whole of a buried the letter to Neumann written two days
before the
composer's death. Although
Galleries is of great importance, the painter's remains of a large palace-temple," several business matters form the chief contents of
Hittite houses. He also claims to have the volume before us, they are nevertheless
doubtedly possesses showing itself only
The Schott firm, in their
languidly, while the flaccid draughtsman succeeded, by a system of sectional cuttings, of great interest.
transactions with Beethoven, had already
ship of Mr. Bramley is not improved by his in equating two of the strata uncovered
violent colouring
with the Eighteenth and Twenty-Sixth shown that they knew how to respect and
Egyptian Dynasties respectively, and thereby deal with a genius, and only three years
establishing a much-needed base for Hittite after his death began the correspondence
At the Stafford Gallery Mr. J. D. Fergusson's chronology. In this he has been much helped with Wagner, which at times required great
much more violent use of pigment is at once by the discovery of typical Egyptian
pottery judgment and tact.
bolder and more structural, and his deco-
and seals. Among many other things, he has It is curious that the first letter addressed
rative sense would be quite satisfactory for found some interesting sculptured figures to the Schott firm in 1830 concerned Best-
purposes other than that of permanent in Phrygian caps which seem to refer to the hoven's Ninth Symphony. Wagner, then
possession. The Round Flowers, one of worship of the god Mithras.
in his eighteenth year, had arranged the
his titles, might be made to serve for very
first movement of that work for pianoforte,
many of them, so promptly does he resume At Meroe, Dr. Garstang has also made and sent it, hoping to receive a favourable
forms in a generalization which tends to
some very interesting discoveries. His work reply. The firm kept the manuscript, but
become a monotonous labour-saving device. there, carried on with the help of a light there appears to be no record that the Beet-
‘La Valeur de la Science' (4) and a well- railway lent him by the Sudan Government, hoven scores asked for in payment were sent.
spaced "Torse de Femme
(26) are, on the has led to the excavation and plotting of The manuscript was, however, presented to
whole, the best of the figure work, while the greater part of the Ethiopian city, and Frau Cosima Wagner in 1872.
far from obvious. It should be remembered, southern limit of the Great Ice Barrier in considering that there are in existence real
however, that in the time of Nehemiah a poll about 86° s. lat. and 163° W. long.
tax of one-third of a shekel was imposed upon
From atoms of energy. He points out that the
Jews instead of the previous levy of half a shekel, his cable it would appear that this is a
first person who witnessed a shock between
and it is not improbable that the same principle conjectural estimate, for he left the Barrier two bodies probably thought that he was
was carried into the other standards. The Hebrew in lat. 85°; but from this point he could beholding a
or Phoenician shekel was really a double stater, plainly descry that the Victoria Land range whereas we now know that he was really
discontinuous phenomenon,
and weighed about 220 grains. It should, there-
fore, be compared with double staters in the other
of mountains became merged in another assisting at a very rapid, but still continuous
systems, and this is what was done by Josephus range from the north-east-probably from change of velocity.
in comparing it with the Attic standard. Con. | Edward VII. Land.
sequently, a Babylonian Jew in paying his On October 20, with five men, four idea of discontinuity or atomism is gaining
It is curious to notice, however, how this
poll tax would give a third of a double stater on
the Persian standard, while an Egyptian Jew Bledges, and fifty-two dogs, he pushed due ground. Sir Joseph Thomson, at his lecture
would give a third of a double kedet, each one
south over the Barrier surface, picking up Molecular Physics' at the Royal
thus contributing in the currency to which he was
without difficulty three depots laid down Institution on the oth inst. , threw out the
accustomed, instead of weighing by the shekel in the autumn, the furthest of which was
standard, which was, for political reasons, pro- in 82° s. On November 9th they sighted dealing with the continuous transmission
suggestion that in a ray of light we are really
bably in abeyance at the time.
the high range of Victoria Land in the south of energy from one of a series of points to
west, and on the 18th, in lat. 85°, they the others. But this is not very far from
left the Barrier-edge in order to ascend
Mos. Bibliographical, 5. - English Printers' and
this range at a new point. By wonderful
a corpuscular instead of an undulatory theory
of light.
Victoria and Albert Museum, 6. – Georgian Town and Country climbing they reached the height of 10,600 ft.
Institute of British Architects, 8. – The Architecture of the in four days, which seems to indicate that IT, was proposed at International Geo.
the new Axel Heiberg Glacier must be easier graphical Congresses several years ago to
Painting, Lecture I. , Mr. N. Heaton. (Captor Lecture. )
TUES. Royal Institution, 3. -'Ancient Britain,' Lecture II. , Dr. T. R.
of ascent than the Beardmore Glacier, which make a map of the whole world of one-
Pritish Museum, 4. 30. —'Early Byzantine Churches,' Mr. B.
took Shackleton's party twenty-three days. millionth actual linear size, or, in other words,
Here the Norsemen were imprisoned in their
on the scale of sixteen miles to the inch, to
Statistical, 5. -The Financial Systems of Germany,' Mr. P.
Ashley.
tent for four days by a blizzard, and sacrificed be published in sheets. It appears that this
Institution of Civil Engineers, 8: - Discussion on The Main
Drainage of Glasgow. . The Construction of the Glasgow some of their dogs, retaining only eighteen work is now being performed by interna
Main-Drainage Works,' and Glasgow Main Drainage: the for the final march. Their climbing was
tional co-operation, and that the War Office
Kinning Park Pumpiug-Station. '
Anthropological e. nasiente, 8. 16. -'The study of Primitive gradually southwards to 8,000 ft. at the
not yet over, for the plateau descended has lately produced a sheet of South Africa.
UNDER the rigorous climatic conditions
foot of the Devil's Glacier, which they now prevailing in Antarctic regions it is not an
Zoological, 8. 30. 'Observations on Alcyonaria from Singapore,
had
to ascend. This glacier was
easy matter for an explorer to determine
Nephthyida, Mr. E: W. Shaun A List of Moths of the dangerous than the former ; but on Decem accurately his latitude, so as to be certain
Family Pyralidæ collected by Felix B. Pratt and Charles
ber 6th they reached the central plateau in that he has reached the actual Pole. The
Cirripedes of the Genus Scalpellum,' Mr. T. II. Withers.
87° 40' at 10,750 ft. , which was the corrected) necessary observation consists in measuring
between Hydro- height of Shackleton's last marches over the altitude of the sun, which at the South
graphical and Meteorological Phenomena,
the same plateau. From 88° 25', reached Pole in the middle of December would be
Entomological,
8.
on December 9th, the plateau sloped slightly only 23° above the horizon. The sun would,
Folk-lore, 8. - The Folk-lore of the Middle Issa Japura downwards ; but Amundsen estimates that of course, remain at nearly the same alti,
Society of Arts, 8-The Work of the Marine Biological the Pole, which he reached on December 14th, tude throughout his apparent diurnal round
Tuurs. Royal Institution. 3. - Seasonal Dimorphism in Butterflies,' is at a height of 10,000 ft. During his three of the heavens, and would be repeatedly
days at the Pole, and indeed throughout his observed. An error of five or six miles
Thin Anchor-ring. ' Lord Rayleigh ; 'The After-Luminosity
of Klectric Discharge
in Hydrogen observed by Hertz,' Hon.
homeward march, he was favoured with might easily be made, and this uncertainty
R. J. Strutt , On the Changes in the Dimensions of a stoei good weather, and a most careful series (which in no way detracts from the merits
Waves in Steel, Prof. J. H. Poynting; The Oritical
of observations was taken. He returned of the achievement) would remain in the
Patterson, R. 8. Cripps, and R. Whytlaw. Gray; and other
the whole distance from the Pole to his resulting latitude of the final station. But
Britisb Archeological Association, 5. -'Some Phases of Indian
base—875 miles--in thirty-nine days, which it cannot be too strongly, emphasized that
Architecture, with Bpecial Reference to Ancient Indian gives an average of more than twenty-two a mere journey to the Pole however much
Institution of Electrical Engineers, 8. -Discussion on The miles a day. This is a high speed, including, it may appeal to the popular imagination-
Causes preventing the More General Use of Electricity for
as it did, the descent of 10,000 ft. and two is in itself of little scientific interest or value
Linners to be cörthoptera: Phasmade to the Seychelles mighty glaciers; but as the party were well unless it includes the means and oppor.
Dr. Ignacio Bolivar and Mr. Ferrière;
mens of Phasmidæ,' Prof. A. Deody; and other Papers. provided with food, they would cover great tunity of making scientific observations of the
Chemical, 8. 30. -Iso-erucic Acid," Messrs, a. K. Macbeth and
distances over the Barrier surface. We surrounding conditions, both geographical
Society of Antiquaries, 8. 80.
congratulate the Norsemen on a feat which and meteorological, as has evidently been
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
Publishers
Devices, 1567-1640,' Mr. R. B. McKerrow.
French Renaissance,' Mr. W. H. Ward.
Society of Arts, 8. - Materials and Methods of Decorative
Holmes.
Fletcher.
Mechanical Equipment of the Western Works and of the
-
Music, Dr. Myers.
Colonial Institute, 8. 30. -'British Columbia and her Im.
perial Outlook,' Mr. Y. B. Vrooidan.
with a Brief Discussion on the Classification of the Family
more
WXD.
B. Pratt la Dutch New Gulned in 1909-10, with Descriptions
of New &pecies,' Mr. G. H. Kenrick; Some Early Fossil
Meteorological, 7. 30. - 'The Connexion
Prof. 0.
Pettersson.
British Numismatic, 8.
-
Watershods' Chpt. Whiffen.
Association,' Mr. F. M. Duncan.
Dr. F. A. Dixey.
Royal, 4. 30. -'On the self-Induction of Electric Currents in
Wire when Twisted, ond on the Pressure of Distortional
Constants and Orthobaric Densities of Xenon,' Messrs. H. S.
Papers.
-
Tiles,' Mr. E. Vredenburg.
Domestic Purposes. '
to
Prof. D'Arcs W. Thompson.
could only have been achieved by a com. accomplished by Capt. Amundsen,
Royal Institution, 3. - Molecular Physics,' Lecture V. , Prof.
bination of splendid endurance and ex. whose achievement we refer in the preceding
Irish Literary. 8. -The Irish "Paradise Lost,"' Misa Elennor
cellent organization.
column.
A, W. Stewart.
Per.
Royal Institution. 9. The North Sea and its Fisheries,
Sat.
Sir J. J. Thomson.
Pul).
## p. 317 (#247) ############################################
2
317
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
Τ Η Ε Α Τ Η Ε Ν Ε Ο Μ
&
ained
d by
very
er of
Hertz
auga
stion
y in
hese
son.
the
ains
cant
M.
Luch
Hely
be
ons
rise
des
om,
OW,
1188
tet
of.
ests
aus
he
overcast
en
28
0,
18
ix-a
-8
V
MLLE. EDMÉE CHANDON has been ap-
for instance--directly or indirectly reflects
pointed Assistant Astronomer to the Paris
FINE ARTS
some one of the various possible forms of
Observatory. For many years past
social organization which involve a matri-
number of women have been employed at the
lineal transmission of the group-name.
Paris Observatory as temporary assistants.
At least let the anthropologist, working
Mlle. Chandon is, however, the first of her Themis: a Study of the Social Origins of on peoples whose institutions and beliefs
sex in France to receive a permanent appoint-
Greek Religion. By Jane Ellen Harri- .
ment of this nature.
can be studied as a still living whole,
(Cambridge University Press. ) first make it clear, or
even probable,
that the ritual of matrilineal peoples
A CORRESPONDENT from Leeds writes :-
Miss HARRISON has written a work which tends, as such, to emphasize motherhood
“Amateur astronomers in or near large towns is likely to last long as a monument both at the expense of fatherhood. As it is,
labour under many disadvantages by reason of the
more or less smoky atmosphere which usually
of her wide range of classical scholarship Miss Harrison herself provides from the
prevails.
During the past fortnight, however, there and of her sympathetic insight into primi- adjacent anthropology of the Greek circle
has been a decided improvement, due to the tive conditions of mind and society. It is of lands all sorts of proximate clues to a
stoppage, owing to the Coal War, of smoke-pro-
ducing concerns. This has meant the opening of a book not only learned, but also instinct sound working hypothesis that are wholly
the night sky to a degree to which the city star with a soul. Moreover, as every notable independent of rash assumptions about
gazer is practically a stranger in his native land.
"I experienced a remarkably transparent atmo-
creation must be, the book is revolutionary. what may have happened in the far-off
sphere a few evenings ago. Sirius was then nearing Miss Harrison has poured the new wine days when, somewhat in the style of M.
the meridian, and burned with a brilliancy which I of the mana-doctrine-or preanimism,” Jourdain, fathers incurred fatherhood
had never before observed from this district. Fresh
or “dynamism," or whatever it is to be without knowing it.
beauties were added to dazzling Vega in the north-
without knowing it. For instance, as
north-east, whilst the brightness and play of colour termed-into the old bottles of the both Miss Harrison and Mr. F. M. Cornford,
of Arcturus in the east-north-east were a revelation.
Frazerian vegetation-magic. The surpris- in his interesting contribution to the book,
One more Pleiad, at least, could be seen with the
naked oye, and neighbouring Mars glowed with quite ing thing is that, with delicate handling show reason for believing, the priority
leaden-hued object shone over the west horizon like she makes the old bottles suffice. At may have caused the Year-child to be
unaccustomed lustrem. Later that evening a large and some neat patching here and there, of a lunar to a solar reckoning of time
a lamp on the summit of a not far-distant hill,
and it was difficult to believe that the object was her hands Dr. Frazer suffers, not dissolu- associated with mother Moon rather than
Saturn. If the night skies have benefited by the tion, but translation, as a major prophet with father Sun. In any case, the
dissipation of the smoke-cloud, so, too, have the
day skies, as the sunshine records-on days not
such as he assuredly deserves.
motherhood-motive in primitive ritual
have shown. The intensity of the
Indeed, to the conservative mind it is one thing, and a real thing. Matri-
sunlight has been noticeable in a marked degree. "
will appear rather as if Miss Harrison, by archy, however, is quite another thing,
her revolution or evolution, did injustice namely, an equivocal term corresponding
In somewhat speculative mood the Royal mainly to herself. She deliberately im- to nothing real, that is to say, deter-
Astronomical Society discussed at its meet.
ing on the 8th inst. , on the initiative of
molates herself on a pile composed of minate, and so of scientific value.
Prof. Turner, the mechanics of the universe
her former writings in order that, Phænix- Once more, “totemism" is doubtless a
on the assumption that the body of stars like, she may shake a fresh and more word to conjure with, but Miss Harrison
and the matter in space have a definite brilliant plumage in the sun. Miss Harri- had been well advised to cast it away
centre of mass, which may be considered son openly and joyfully avows herself a with those other impedimenta which she
as an attracting point about which the stars disciple of M. Bergson. She is a hand- discards. She is manifestly well aware
0-cillate. The difference between this and maid of the loom of the Time-spirit. that hunting-ritual, such as the famous
another speculation, with which the name
of Mädler is associated, that all the stars
So it comes about that she is subjectively bear-sacrifice of the Ainu, may have
are moving in orbits about a central point, disposed to catch the note in early Greek nothing to do with totemism, and will,
will be appreciated. The new suggestion religion which corresponds to the cult of nevertheless, yield her all that is needed
has its basis in the recently observed fact
"the Eniautos-daimon”-the endeavour for her argument, namely, the fact of a
that the slow secular movement of the by sacramental means to help things to communal participation in the mana of
“ fixed stars tends in general to group grow, and yourself to grow with them. the sacred animal, or, at any rate-and
them in two directions opposed to For the rest, her scholarship is both it is a far safer way of putting it—in the
another, a recently discovered phenomenon
which goes by the name of “star-streaming.
extensive and intensive enough to enable mana of the sacred ceremony as a whole.
her to prove the objective existence of Why, then, seek for analogies to Medi-
Intichiuma
THE eclipse of the sun that will occur
such a leading motive in Grcek ritual of terranean custom in the
the proto-historic period.
rites
on April 17th will have some points of
of the Central Australians ? А
interest and scientific value, though the
One cannot, however, recreate oneself reference to Herr Strehlow, which the
duration of totality will be short. First, all of a piece. Odd bits of functionless bad example set by Dr. Frazer ought not
there will be some places from which it will anatomy have a way of obtruding them to persuade other British students of
be possible to see the whole of the chromo- selves into the new system, where they anthropology to omit, might have satis-
spheric ring, that is, the sun's atmospheric
may even
cause trouble. Or, to pass
envelope, and nothing but that ring at one
fied Miss Harrison that Intichiuma is not
instant. But especially at this eclipse
from physiology to sociology in search of their proper name—and, perhaps, might
there will be a good opportunity for deter-
a metaphor, survivals are a discount have revealed other things about them as
mining with accuracy the position of the which all progress must be prepared to pay.
well. It is true that there are a few
central line, and the relative magnitude of In Miss Harrison’s new system one such scattered facts from the East-Mediter-
the diameters of the sun and moon. French survival is
the matriarchate. ” She ranean region that are suggestive of some
astronomers are proposing to arrange ob knows perfectly well, since she admits it in sort of clan-totemism, the snake-born
servers in groups, one on the supposed central
line, with others on either side of the first,
so many words, that “matriarchy" is a bad men of Phrygia and Parium furnishing
a short distance away, but so far that they word which ought to be dropped. But the best case. But since various theorists
will see only a partial eclipse. Comparison she cannot bear to part with an old friend, have in the past written totemism over
of the amounts of the solar disc seen un. even though the friend has grown dis- the whole face of primitive religion, to
obscured by these should give the position reputable. Nor is it a question merely the lasting confusion of their readers,
of the central line.
of the name, but rather of the thing. it would have prevented misunderstanding
Herodotus records the fact that there was if Miss Harrison had followed Dr. Frazer
MR. S. ENEBO of Dombaas, Norway, matrilineal descent in Lycia. That is in excluding totemism-for the present,
announces his discovery on the evening of about the only positive evidence we have at any rate—from the Hellenic world.
the 12th inst. of
star of the fourth of the presence of any kind of mother- Now, be it understood, we regret Miss
magnitude, situated near Geminorum. right in the Eastern Mediterranean. But Harrison's loyalty to her old loves-
Such a rapid rise in brilliancy as this an.
nouncement indicates
de cosmica; suppose this form of descent proved up matriarchy and totemism-not because
cataclysm on a stupendous scale. Further
to the hilt for the whole area. It would her argument is at all seriously affected
developments will be awaited with much still have to be shown that the cult of a thereby, but simply in fear lest certain of
interest.
mother and son-Semele and Dionysus, 'her critics who do not dare to assault her
2
one
66
a
new
means
## p. 318 (#248) ############################################
318
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
unsensa-
come
a
over
oentral position may set up claims to to say, then, that, somewhat after the AUMONIER MEMORIAL EXHIBITION.
mock triumphs at her expense on the method of The Golden Bough,' Miss
JAMES AUMONIER was almost the last
score that they have stormed these Harrison's book sets out to explain the
survivor of the homely and
superfluous and 'not very defensible out- newly discovered Hymn of the Kouretes, tional English landscape school, and when,
works. For her central position, we and, in the course of a search for analogies amid the prompt and shallow effectiveness
incline to think, will defy siege-engines of and illustrations, achieves, by pleasantly of most current exhibitions, we
even the latest pattern. Her theory devious paths that avoid the dusty and upon. , a collection of his works at the
amounts to this—that behind and beneath trodden ways, a wide circuit and survey Goupil Gallery, we realize how profound
change has come the picture-
Olympianism,” the cult of anthropo- of the more primitive forms of Greek
loving public during the last twenty
morphic gods, there can be discerned an religion. Be it added that the clue years. Except for å
years. Except for a cultured minority,
older type of cult (a cult being defined as through the maze is never out of the
we can hardly count on the attention of the
a recurrent rite), which, whilst dealing in reader's hand, thanks to the clearness visitor through three rooms hung with
and with sanctities precious to society, with which the author enunciates pictures, almost all of which show a delicate
is nevertheless more or less completely her guiding principles at the start. For sense of the beauty of nature, but none of
godless. This lower stratum of mimetic the rest, her style of writing is so fresh
which is startling. The close yet fluent
ceremonies corresponds to what Dr. Frazer and free, and she displays such a fine draughtsmanship of No. 105, Old Chalk Pit
has made familiar to the world under the enthusiasm, that we are carried along, two fine studies of low sunlight near by,
name of " magic. ” Miss Harrison retains and feel ourselves not wand-bearers, but Cornricks, Evening (111), and Willows and
the term in this sense ; and certain it is Bacchi. The index is magnificent, and Sunlight (109), might be adduced as examples
that, whatever science may prefer to say, the letterpress and numerous illustrations of how very far from commonplace was Aumo-
the British public will for many years to are in every way worthy of the Cambridge nier's painting. Crisp and buoyant in execu-
come continue to hold that no god spells Press.
tion, packed with observation flung down as
no religion. She is, nevertheless, tho
if it were the simplest thing in the world,
even these spontaneous studies make, we
roughly in touch with modern psychology
fancy, just a little too much demand on the
and sociology, which declare with no
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
leisure of a public jaded to all but novelty ;
uncertain sound that between a religious
while they must wait a few years for general
service addressed to a god, and the kind Four further instalments of the “ Beauti. recognition of their value as relics of a
of magical rite which is performed by ful England ” Series (Blackie) are before more quiet age when continuous thought
the community to secure such blessing Haslehust, and described by Edward Thomas,
The Isle of Wight, pictured by Ernest and sustained interest were the natural aim
and increase as may be enjoyed in com-
of a painter.
and Winchester, for which the same artist No. 101, Aspens in Spring, is a typical
mon, there is no difference of kind what supplies the illustrations and Mr. Sidney example of the thoroughly English school
ever, so long as it is a question of the Heath the text, should be welcomed by those of painting from which Aumonier emerged
nerve of the affair, namely, the inward who appreciate the manifold charms of the -a school which set great value on a light,
meaning and intent. Thus, in the same first, or the graver attractions of the pleasant adroit touch, suggesting by its variety
breath, she pronounces the godless rite city. Mr. Haslehust is at his best in his the complexity of natural detail, and some-
magical in its mechanism, yet
religious in pictures of the Çity Bridge of Winchester times liable to fall into tricks of handling in
its motive. What is more important than not quite so successful in the choice and
and the Brethren's Hall of St. Cross. He is this search for technical variety. At Bosham
(103) alongside shows the direction of the
any matter of terminology, she brings out execution of his studies of the Isle of Wight. more purely personal bent which made him
by a most penetrating analysis, full of Visitors and lovers of the picturesque are -to an extent which to-day is hardly realized
happy touches, the fundamental nature of getting somewhat tired of the attractions of -a pioneer of the modern movement by his
this variety of religious experience,' the Old Church, Bonchurch; it is almost introduction of a type of landscape more
as William James would have called it. overdone with carefully tended shrubs and massive, depending less
“
quality
On one small point only we venture to contrast to the gaunt and forlorn look of
flowers, which afford a rather painful than the work of his brother landscape
painters in this country, and more on the
disagree with her. She writes :
the disused interior.
general pattern of the picture. No. 107,
The hunting, fighting, or what not, the The text concerning Winchester is dis-
Harvest Time, is between these two extremes ;
thing done, is never religious ; the thing tinctly attractive, and will not probably
while No. 169, Evening on the Downs, demon-
re-done with heightened emotion is on the be very closely studied. The threadbare strates how even in his latest and broadest
way to become so. The element of action | legend of St. Swithin scarcely needed telling manner the artist could retain the subtle
re-done, imitated, the element of uiunois, once again. Mr. Heath has a curious idea texture of paint which makes his best work
is, I think, essential. In all religion, as of the sequence of architectural styles. As so quietly suggestive.
in all art, there is this element of make- to St. Cross, he remarks :-
The water-colours are, to the present
believe. Not the attempt to deceive, but a
critic, an unexpected revelation of the
desire to re-live, to re-present. ”
“ From Romanesque, through Norman and
We
Early English, to Later Decorated, and to
artist's achievements in this medium.
Transition Norman, the church is considered to
note Nos. 5, 6, 10, 11, 13, 14, 29, 34, 39,
Is not Miss Harrison here, wittingly or be the best example in existence. "
and 40 as among the best of these draw-
unwittingly, punning on the représentation It is appropriate to refer to Izaak Walton which is very personal. Nos. 23–5 are
ings, which have an odd, blunt delicacy
collective of her favourite French socio- and Jane Austen, both of whom lie buried examples of the artist's careful studies of
logists, for whom the term is simply in the cathedral; but we can see no adequate detail in early life, and this period might,
equivalent to our “ idea ” ? We can reason for regarding Charles Kingsley, who with advantage, have been more fully shown.
surely act under the inspiration of a col- is buried at Eversley, as belonging to the Two studies of Oxford (32 and 52) are
lective idea without a previous rehearsal ;
Winchester country.
charming examples of topographical work,
though it may well be that such a rehearsal Ulster, pictured by Alexander Williams in which it is somewhat surprising that he
would bring into clearer consciousness and described by Stephen Gwynn, and
and described by Stephen Gwynn, and did not make more frequent essays. Nos. 65,
the essential meaning of what was done.
Leinster, by the same artist and writer, 67, and 73 show his latest water-colour
To take a concrete case, eating, no less
should win new friends for Ireland. The style, which is wonderfully free and brilliant ;
former, with its two great lakes and its four while No. 77, The Mall, Hammersmith, should
than pretending to eat, may be religious.
seaboard counties, is a province abounding be mentioned for the admirable design of the
Make-believe and belief, humility and in beauty, and Mr. Williams must have
confidence, may, and typically do, co-exist been puzzled in the selection of twelve
and co-operate in the religious life. But subjects for his bright illustrations. His
this consideration, if important in itself, picture of Londonderry from the water-
THE ATKINSON SALE.
leaves Miss Harrison's argument in the
side presents an absolute contrast to the
MESSRS. CHRISTIE sold on Saturday last the
main unaffected.
sterner scenery of Mount Errigal from the collection of modern pictures and water-colour
We have left ourselves no space in
Gweedore River, Donegal.
drawings belonging to the late Mr. Edward
Atkinson.
which to set forth this argument in detail,
Leinster, the very heart of Ireland and Pictures : Vicat Cole, A Cornfield, near Goring-
having chosen rather to dwell on the the richest of its provinces, offers every on-Thames, 3881. 108. D. Cox, Harlech Castle,
3251. 108. ; A Welsh Farm, 2731. B. W. Leader,
novelty and scientific importance of the beauty of wildness, and Mr. Gwynn does full
type of scenery, except that it lacks the
Hedgerow Elms on Hillocks Green, 3991.
principles on which it rests. Suffice it I justice to his congenial subject.
A drawing by C. Fielding, View of the Isle of
Wight from Bow Hill, Sussex, fetched 1891.
on
## p. 319 (#249) ############################################
No. 4403, MARCH 16, 1912
319
THE ATHENÆUM
man.
THE excavations of the Roman fort at
Fine Art Gossip.
Alzey in Hesse have, according to the recently
MUSIC
published report, resulted in the discovery
In the upper room at the Goupil Gallery that the building differs in important
Mr. W. Orpen's drawings from life show great essentials from all forts discovered till now
cleverness, but their insistent claim on the in Germany, as it is constructed of stone
OUR LIBRARY TABLE.
attention becomes a little tiring. He is at instead of wood and earthwork. The coins
Wagner's Briefwechsel mit seinen Verlegern.
his best in Nos. 9, 17, and 19, and in certain found point to 330 A. D. as the date of its
Vol.
portraits like that of Mr. George Moore (52), erection, while a layer of ashes makes it II. (B. Schott's Söhne. )- This is
which is almost photographic in its careful probable that the whole was destroyed by the second of three volumes of the corre-
objectivity. No. 6 is also a good drawing, fire.
spondence of Wagner with his publishers,
but some of the nude studies display little
and it concerns the Schott firm, which
more than a fluent knowledge of the common- DR. GARSTANG has just returned from the published Die Meistersinger,' the 'Ring,
places of human anatomy. In a painter nine months' excavations in Asia Minor and “Parsifal. ' The volume is edited by
of his gifts the copious production of such and the Sudan that he has been conducting Dr. Wilhelm Altmann, who in 1905 issued
drawings is disappointing.
for the University of Liverpool. At his
a most useful epitome of over 3,000 letters
former site at Sakhtje Geuzi, near Ain-tab, and notes of Wagner from 1830 down to
NEITHER of the shows at the Leicester he has explored nearly the whole of a buried the letter to Neumann written two days
before the
composer's death. Although
Galleries is of great importance, the painter's remains of a large palace-temple," several business matters form the chief contents of
Hittite houses. He also claims to have the volume before us, they are nevertheless
doubtedly possesses showing itself only
The Schott firm, in their
languidly, while the flaccid draughtsman succeeded, by a system of sectional cuttings, of great interest.
transactions with Beethoven, had already
ship of Mr. Bramley is not improved by his in equating two of the strata uncovered
violent colouring
with the Eighteenth and Twenty-Sixth shown that they knew how to respect and
Egyptian Dynasties respectively, and thereby deal with a genius, and only three years
establishing a much-needed base for Hittite after his death began the correspondence
At the Stafford Gallery Mr. J. D. Fergusson's chronology. In this he has been much helped with Wagner, which at times required great
much more violent use of pigment is at once by the discovery of typical Egyptian
pottery judgment and tact.
bolder and more structural, and his deco-
and seals. Among many other things, he has It is curious that the first letter addressed
rative sense would be quite satisfactory for found some interesting sculptured figures to the Schott firm in 1830 concerned Best-
purposes other than that of permanent in Phrygian caps which seem to refer to the hoven's Ninth Symphony. Wagner, then
possession. The Round Flowers, one of worship of the god Mithras.
in his eighteenth year, had arranged the
his titles, might be made to serve for very
first movement of that work for pianoforte,
many of them, so promptly does he resume At Meroe, Dr. Garstang has also made and sent it, hoping to receive a favourable
forms in a generalization which tends to
some very interesting discoveries. His work reply. The firm kept the manuscript, but
become a monotonous labour-saving device. there, carried on with the help of a light there appears to be no record that the Beet-
‘La Valeur de la Science' (4) and a well- railway lent him by the Sudan Government, hoven scores asked for in payment were sent.
spaced "Torse de Femme
(26) are, on the has led to the excavation and plotting of The manuscript was, however, presented to
whole, the best of the figure work, while the greater part of the Ethiopian city, and Frau Cosima Wagner in 1872.
