Raushan-Akhtar
succeeds
as Muhammad Shah (p.
Cambridge History of India - v4 - Mugul Period
307).
Jizya re-imposed (p. 242).
Mughuls. again invade Bijapur unsuccessfully (pp. 259, 278).
Attack on Mewar (p. 248).
1680 Death of Shivaji and succession of Shambhuji (pp. 259, 278, 279).
1681 Kamrup finally lost by Mughuls (p. 236).
Prince Akbar rebels (p. 250).
Mewar regains freedom (p. 252).
Aurangzib sets out for Deccan (p. 281).
1682 Aurangzib attacks the Marathas (p. 282).
1685 Siege of Bijapur (p. 285).
King of Golconda submits to Aurangzib (p. 287).
Jat rebellion (p. 305).
1686 Fall of Bijapur (p. 287).
English sack and burn Hooghly (p. 308).
1687 Prince Akbar sails for Persia (p. 284).
Shah Alam imprisoned (p. 287).
Golconda captured (p. 289).
Durjan Sal seizes Bundi (p. 303).
English expelled from Hijili (p. 308).
1688 Marathas plunder Conjeveram (p. 291).
Jats rob Akbar's tomb at Sikandra (p. 305).
English factors imprisoned at Surat (p. 309).
1689 Shambhuji captured and executed. Raja Ram succeeds (p. 284).
Aurangzib supreme in north India and Deccan (p. 284).
English abandon Bengal (p. 308) and are besieged in Bombay (p. 309).
1690 Mughuls besiege Raja Ram in Gingee (p. 292).
Maratha successes near Satara (p. 293).
Peace made between Mughuls and English (p. 309).
· 1692 Renewed Maratha activity in Deccan (p. 294).
1693 Marathas raid Berar (p. 294).
1694 Shahji II of Tanjore makes peace with Mughuls (p. 293).
1695 Mughul army defeated by Marathas near Chitaldroog (p. 294).
Shah Alam appointed viceroy of Punjab and Sind (p. 296).
Mughul ships taken by English pirates (p. 309).
1696 Maratha dissensions (p. 295).
Rebellion in Gondwana (p. 314).
1697 Santaji Ghorpare murdered (p. 295).
1698 Gingee stormed (p. 293).
Ajit Singh of Marwar pardoned (p. 304).
39
## p. 610 (#650) ############################################
610
CHRONOLOGY
A. D.
1698 English and Dutch piracy (p. 310).
1699 Raja Ram defeated by Bidar Bakht (p. 295).
Siege of Satara (p. 297).
First Maratha raid in Malwa (p. 313).
1700 Death of Raja Ram (p. 295) and disputes over succession (p. 392).
Satara taken by Mughuls (p. 297).
1701 Aurangzib takes Parli and other forts (pp. 297, 298).
Ja'far Khan appointed revenue minister of Bengal (p. 312).
1702 Durga Das rebels (p. 304).
1703 Sinhgarh taken by bribery (p. 298).
Marathas stop Mughul communications between northern and southern
India (p. 313).
1704 Death of Muhammad Akbar (p. 302).
1705 Chhatra Sal recognised by Aurangzib (p. 314).
Serious illness of Aurangzib (p. 299).
Durga Das restored to office (p. 304).
1706 Baroda sacked by Marathas and Kolis (pp. 306, 315).
Maratha raids in southern India (p. 301).
1707 Aurangzib separates his sons (p. 301).
Death of Aurangzib (p. 302).
Rathor war of independence (p. 303).
Prince Mu'azzam becomes emperor as Bahadur Shah (p. 319).
Prince A'zam asserts claim in Deccan (p. 319).
Prince Kam Bakhsh crowns himself (p. 321).
A'zam defeated near Jajau and slain (p. 320).
1708 Shahu recognized as Maratha king (p. 392).
Ajit Singh submits to Bahadur Shah (p. 321).
Bahadur Shah marches against Kam Bakhsh (p. 321).
Rajputs again rebel (p. 321).
Death of Guru Govind Singh and revolt of Banda (p. 322).
1709 Kam Bakhsh defeated and killed (p. 321).
1710 Rajputs pardoned (p. 322).
Bahadur Shah attacks Sikhs (p. 323).
1711 Sirhind recovered by Mughuls (p. 323).
Shiah-Sunni dissension at Delhi (p. 324).
1712 Death of Bahadur Shah (p. 324) and contest for succession (p. 325).
Jahandar becomes emperor (p. 326).
Farrukh-siyar with help of Sayyid brothers gains battle of Khajuha
(p. 327).
1713 Farrukh-siyar defeats Jahandar near Agra (p. 328), and is enthroned
(p. 330).
Jahandar murdered (p. 330).
Expedition against the Sikhs (p. 335).
1714 Mughuls invade Marwar (p. 333).
Intrigues against the Sayyids (p. 334).
Sayyid Husain 'Ali appointed viceroy of Decean (p. 334).
1715 William Hamilton visits Delhi (p. 335).
Surrender of the Sikhs (p. 335).
## p. 611 (#651) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
611
A. D.
1716 Execution of Banda (p. 335).
Raja Jay ngh attacks Jats (p. 336).
1717 Jizya re-imposed (p. 337).
1718 Churaman Jat visits Delhi (p. 336).
Plot to seize Sayyid 'Abdullah (p. 337).
1719 Husain 'Ali returns to Delhi and proposes concessions to Marathas
(pp. 338, 395).
Farrukh-siyar deposed and strangled and Rafi-ud-Darajat succeeds
(p. 339).
Jizya abolished (p. 340) and re-imposed (p. 346).
1719 Death of Rafi-ud-Darajat, and of his successor Rafi-ud-Daula (Shah
Jahan II) (p. 340).
Raushan-Akhtar succeeds as Muhammad Shah (p. 340).
1720 Quarrels between Sayyid brothers (p. 342).
Death of Balaji Peshwa and succession of Baji Rao (p. 396).
Nizam-ul-Mulk invades Khandesh (p. 343) and defeats Sayyid forces in
Berar (pp. 343, 399).
Assassination of Sayyid Husain 'Ali (p. 344).
Sayyid 'Abdullah proclaims Ibrahim as emperor, but is defeated by
imperial army (p. 345).
Jizya abandoned (p. 346).
Marathas obtain hold on Gujarat (p. 398).
1721 Ajit Singh rebels but submits (pp. 346, 347).
1722 Nizam-ul-Mulk returns to Delhi and becomes minister (p. 347).
Sayyid 'Abdullah poisoned (p. 348).
Sa'adat Khan, Burhan-ul-Mulk, appointed viceroy of Oudh (p. 348).
1723 Nizam-ul-Mulk leaves Delhi (p. 349).
1724 Qamar-ud-din becomes minister (p. 349).
Abhay Singh succeeds Ajit Singh (p. 352).
Battle of Shakarkhelda, Nizam now independent (pp. 350, 377, 399).
Baji Rao crosses Narbada (p. 397).
1725 Nizam-ul-Mulk receives title of Asaf Jah and comes to terms with
Marathas (pp. 350, 379).
Muhammad Khan Bangash becomes governor of Allahabad (p. 353).
Nizam-ul-Mulk's attempts on Gujarat (p. 351).
1726 Death of Ja'far Khan (p. 364).
Nizam-ul-Mulk supports Shambhuji (pp. 380, 400).
1727 Khan Dauran becomes minister (p. 351).
Abhay Singh appointed governor of Gujarat (p. 352).
Arakanese raid in Bengal (p. 479).
1728 Nizam-ul-Mulk takes Poona but compelled to evacuate it (pp. 381, 400).
Treaty of Mungi Shevgaon (pp. 381, 400).
1729 Marathas defeat Muhammad Khan Bangash in Bundelkhand (p. 353).
Nadir Quli expels Afghans from Persia (p. 357).
1730 Sarbuland Khan's contest with Abhay Singh (p. 352).
Shahu's army defeats Shambhuji (p. 401).
1731 Muhammad Khan Bangash appointed to Malwa (p. 354).
Nizam-ul-Mulk incites Marathas to invade northern India (pp. 351, 382).
## p. 612 (#652) ############################################
612
CHRONOLOGY
A. D.
1731 Baji Rao establishes Maratha authority in Gujarat (p. 401).
Treaty of Warna between Shahu and Shambhuji (p. 401).
1732 Baji Rao invades Malwa (p. 402).
Raja Jay Singh replaces Muhammad Khan in Malwa (p. 354).
1734 Marathas capture Hindaun (p. 354).
1735 Marathas sack Sambhar (p. 354).
Baji Rao recognized by emperor as governor of Malwa (pp. 354, 402).
Rebellion in Kora (p. 355).
1736 Baji Rao's claims for territory and tribute (p. 355).
Nadir Shah becomes king of Persia (p. 357).
1737 Mughuls attack Holkar near Bhadawar (p. 356).
Baji raids almost to Delhi and is formally appointed governor of Malwa
(pp. 356, 403).
Nizam-ul-Mulk visits Delhi (p. 382).
Marathas over-run Konkan and besiege Bassein (p. 405).
Chanda Sahib seizes Trichinopoly (p. 384).
1738 Nizam-ul-Mulk makes terms with Marathas (p. 357).
Nadir Shah takes Kabul and invades India (p. 357).
Maratha depredations in Berar (p. 383).
1739 Nadir Shah defeats Mughuls near Karnal (p. 360), enters Delhi and
orders massacre (p. 361).
Burhan-ul-Mulk dies and is succeeded by Safdar Jang (p. 362).
Mughuls lose Kabul and trans-Indus territory (p. 362).
Death of Shuja'-ud-Daula of Bengal (p. 364).
English obtain rights to trade in Deccan (p. 406).
1740 'Ali Vardi Khan appointed to Bengal (p. 364).
Marathas invade Arcot. Dost ‘Ali killed (p. 384).
Death of Baji Rao and succession of Balaji Rao (pp. 365, 407).
Nizam-ul-Mulk finally leaves Delhi (p. 383).
Nasir Jang rebels against Nizam-ul-Mulk (pp. 366, 383).
1741 'Ali Vardi Khan reduces Orissa (p. 366).
Marathas capture Trichinopoly and Chanda Sahib (p. 384).
Death of Chimaji Appa (p. 407).
1742 Bhaskar Pant invades Bengal (p. 367) and is driven out by 'Ali Vardi
Khan (p. 368).
"Maratha ditch" dug round Calcutta (p. 408).
1743 Raghuji Bhonsle invades Bengal. Chauth of Bihar granted to Peshwa
(p. 368).
Nizam-ul-Mulk takes Arcot and in als Anvar-ud-din (p. 384).
Death of Raja Jay Singh (p. 368), and of Muhammad Khan Bangash
(p. 429).
1744 Treaty between Nizam-ul-Mulk and Marathas (p. 384).
Raghuji Bhonsle's troops invade Bengal (p. 441).
1745 Rohilla insurrection under 'Ali Muhammad Khan (p. 370).
Raghuji Bhonsle occupies Orissa, but is defeated at battle of Katwa
(p. 441).
1746 Mir Ja'far appointed to Orissa (p. 442).
1747 Murder of 'Umdat-ul-Mulk (p. 371).
## p. 613 (#653) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
613
>
A. D.
1747 'Ali Vardi Khan defeats Marathas near Burdwan (p. 442).
Nadir Shah assassinated (p. 371).
Famine in Gujarat (p. 384).
Ahmad Shah Abdali crosses Indus (p. 372).
1748 Death of Qamar-ud-din Khan (p. 373).
Ahmad Shah Abdali retreats to Kabul (p. 373).
Death of Muhammad Shah and succession of Ahmad Shah Bahadur
(p. 373).
Death of Nizam-ul-Mulk and succession of Nasir Jang (pp. 384, 385).
Muzaffar Jang and Chanda Sahib seize Arcot (p. 387).
laim Jang Bangash killed by Rohillas (p. 429).
1749 Death of Shahu and succession of Ram Raja (p. 410).
Ahmad Shah Abdali invades Punjab (p. 429).
Ahmad Khan Bangash defeats Naval Rai and Safdar Jang (p. 430).
1750 Nasir Jang defeats Muzaffar Jang but is killed. Muzaffar Jang recognized
by French (p. 387).
Ram Raja imprisoned by Tara Bai (p. 411).
1751 Muzaffar Jang killed and succeeded by Salabat Jang (p. 387).
Peshwa favours succession of Ghazi-ud-din at Hyderabad but is defeated
by Salabat Jang with aid of French (pp. 387, 410).
Safdar Jang invites Marathas to Duab and defeats Bangash and Rohilla
Afghans (pp. 415, 431).
Orissa surrendered to the Marathas (pp. 408, 443).
Jizya re-imposed (p. 242).
Mughuls. again invade Bijapur unsuccessfully (pp. 259, 278).
Attack on Mewar (p. 248).
1680 Death of Shivaji and succession of Shambhuji (pp. 259, 278, 279).
1681 Kamrup finally lost by Mughuls (p. 236).
Prince Akbar rebels (p. 250).
Mewar regains freedom (p. 252).
Aurangzib sets out for Deccan (p. 281).
1682 Aurangzib attacks the Marathas (p. 282).
1685 Siege of Bijapur (p. 285).
King of Golconda submits to Aurangzib (p. 287).
Jat rebellion (p. 305).
1686 Fall of Bijapur (p. 287).
English sack and burn Hooghly (p. 308).
1687 Prince Akbar sails for Persia (p. 284).
Shah Alam imprisoned (p. 287).
Golconda captured (p. 289).
Durjan Sal seizes Bundi (p. 303).
English expelled from Hijili (p. 308).
1688 Marathas plunder Conjeveram (p. 291).
Jats rob Akbar's tomb at Sikandra (p. 305).
English factors imprisoned at Surat (p. 309).
1689 Shambhuji captured and executed. Raja Ram succeeds (p. 284).
Aurangzib supreme in north India and Deccan (p. 284).
English abandon Bengal (p. 308) and are besieged in Bombay (p. 309).
1690 Mughuls besiege Raja Ram in Gingee (p. 292).
Maratha successes near Satara (p. 293).
Peace made between Mughuls and English (p. 309).
· 1692 Renewed Maratha activity in Deccan (p. 294).
1693 Marathas raid Berar (p. 294).
1694 Shahji II of Tanjore makes peace with Mughuls (p. 293).
1695 Mughul army defeated by Marathas near Chitaldroog (p. 294).
Shah Alam appointed viceroy of Punjab and Sind (p. 296).
Mughul ships taken by English pirates (p. 309).
1696 Maratha dissensions (p. 295).
Rebellion in Gondwana (p. 314).
1697 Santaji Ghorpare murdered (p. 295).
1698 Gingee stormed (p. 293).
Ajit Singh of Marwar pardoned (p. 304).
39
## p. 610 (#650) ############################################
610
CHRONOLOGY
A. D.
1698 English and Dutch piracy (p. 310).
1699 Raja Ram defeated by Bidar Bakht (p. 295).
Siege of Satara (p. 297).
First Maratha raid in Malwa (p. 313).
1700 Death of Raja Ram (p. 295) and disputes over succession (p. 392).
Satara taken by Mughuls (p. 297).
1701 Aurangzib takes Parli and other forts (pp. 297, 298).
Ja'far Khan appointed revenue minister of Bengal (p. 312).
1702 Durga Das rebels (p. 304).
1703 Sinhgarh taken by bribery (p. 298).
Marathas stop Mughul communications between northern and southern
India (p. 313).
1704 Death of Muhammad Akbar (p. 302).
1705 Chhatra Sal recognised by Aurangzib (p. 314).
Serious illness of Aurangzib (p. 299).
Durga Das restored to office (p. 304).
1706 Baroda sacked by Marathas and Kolis (pp. 306, 315).
Maratha raids in southern India (p. 301).
1707 Aurangzib separates his sons (p. 301).
Death of Aurangzib (p. 302).
Rathor war of independence (p. 303).
Prince Mu'azzam becomes emperor as Bahadur Shah (p. 319).
Prince A'zam asserts claim in Deccan (p. 319).
Prince Kam Bakhsh crowns himself (p. 321).
A'zam defeated near Jajau and slain (p. 320).
1708 Shahu recognized as Maratha king (p. 392).
Ajit Singh submits to Bahadur Shah (p. 321).
Bahadur Shah marches against Kam Bakhsh (p. 321).
Rajputs again rebel (p. 321).
Death of Guru Govind Singh and revolt of Banda (p. 322).
1709 Kam Bakhsh defeated and killed (p. 321).
1710 Rajputs pardoned (p. 322).
Bahadur Shah attacks Sikhs (p. 323).
1711 Sirhind recovered by Mughuls (p. 323).
Shiah-Sunni dissension at Delhi (p. 324).
1712 Death of Bahadur Shah (p. 324) and contest for succession (p. 325).
Jahandar becomes emperor (p. 326).
Farrukh-siyar with help of Sayyid brothers gains battle of Khajuha
(p. 327).
1713 Farrukh-siyar defeats Jahandar near Agra (p. 328), and is enthroned
(p. 330).
Jahandar murdered (p. 330).
Expedition against the Sikhs (p. 335).
1714 Mughuls invade Marwar (p. 333).
Intrigues against the Sayyids (p. 334).
Sayyid Husain 'Ali appointed viceroy of Decean (p. 334).
1715 William Hamilton visits Delhi (p. 335).
Surrender of the Sikhs (p. 335).
## p. 611 (#651) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
611
A. D.
1716 Execution of Banda (p. 335).
Raja Jay ngh attacks Jats (p. 336).
1717 Jizya re-imposed (p. 337).
1718 Churaman Jat visits Delhi (p. 336).
Plot to seize Sayyid 'Abdullah (p. 337).
1719 Husain 'Ali returns to Delhi and proposes concessions to Marathas
(pp. 338, 395).
Farrukh-siyar deposed and strangled and Rafi-ud-Darajat succeeds
(p. 339).
Jizya abolished (p. 340) and re-imposed (p. 346).
1719 Death of Rafi-ud-Darajat, and of his successor Rafi-ud-Daula (Shah
Jahan II) (p. 340).
Raushan-Akhtar succeeds as Muhammad Shah (p. 340).
1720 Quarrels between Sayyid brothers (p. 342).
Death of Balaji Peshwa and succession of Baji Rao (p. 396).
Nizam-ul-Mulk invades Khandesh (p. 343) and defeats Sayyid forces in
Berar (pp. 343, 399).
Assassination of Sayyid Husain 'Ali (p. 344).
Sayyid 'Abdullah proclaims Ibrahim as emperor, but is defeated by
imperial army (p. 345).
Jizya abandoned (p. 346).
Marathas obtain hold on Gujarat (p. 398).
1721 Ajit Singh rebels but submits (pp. 346, 347).
1722 Nizam-ul-Mulk returns to Delhi and becomes minister (p. 347).
Sayyid 'Abdullah poisoned (p. 348).
Sa'adat Khan, Burhan-ul-Mulk, appointed viceroy of Oudh (p. 348).
1723 Nizam-ul-Mulk leaves Delhi (p. 349).
1724 Qamar-ud-din becomes minister (p. 349).
Abhay Singh succeeds Ajit Singh (p. 352).
Battle of Shakarkhelda, Nizam now independent (pp. 350, 377, 399).
Baji Rao crosses Narbada (p. 397).
1725 Nizam-ul-Mulk receives title of Asaf Jah and comes to terms with
Marathas (pp. 350, 379).
Muhammad Khan Bangash becomes governor of Allahabad (p. 353).
Nizam-ul-Mulk's attempts on Gujarat (p. 351).
1726 Death of Ja'far Khan (p. 364).
Nizam-ul-Mulk supports Shambhuji (pp. 380, 400).
1727 Khan Dauran becomes minister (p. 351).
Abhay Singh appointed governor of Gujarat (p. 352).
Arakanese raid in Bengal (p. 479).
1728 Nizam-ul-Mulk takes Poona but compelled to evacuate it (pp. 381, 400).
Treaty of Mungi Shevgaon (pp. 381, 400).
1729 Marathas defeat Muhammad Khan Bangash in Bundelkhand (p. 353).
Nadir Quli expels Afghans from Persia (p. 357).
1730 Sarbuland Khan's contest with Abhay Singh (p. 352).
Shahu's army defeats Shambhuji (p. 401).
1731 Muhammad Khan Bangash appointed to Malwa (p. 354).
Nizam-ul-Mulk incites Marathas to invade northern India (pp. 351, 382).
## p. 612 (#652) ############################################
612
CHRONOLOGY
A. D.
1731 Baji Rao establishes Maratha authority in Gujarat (p. 401).
Treaty of Warna between Shahu and Shambhuji (p. 401).
1732 Baji Rao invades Malwa (p. 402).
Raja Jay Singh replaces Muhammad Khan in Malwa (p. 354).
1734 Marathas capture Hindaun (p. 354).
1735 Marathas sack Sambhar (p. 354).
Baji Rao recognized by emperor as governor of Malwa (pp. 354, 402).
Rebellion in Kora (p. 355).
1736 Baji Rao's claims for territory and tribute (p. 355).
Nadir Shah becomes king of Persia (p. 357).
1737 Mughuls attack Holkar near Bhadawar (p. 356).
Baji raids almost to Delhi and is formally appointed governor of Malwa
(pp. 356, 403).
Nizam-ul-Mulk visits Delhi (p. 382).
Marathas over-run Konkan and besiege Bassein (p. 405).
Chanda Sahib seizes Trichinopoly (p. 384).
1738 Nizam-ul-Mulk makes terms with Marathas (p. 357).
Nadir Shah takes Kabul and invades India (p. 357).
Maratha depredations in Berar (p. 383).
1739 Nadir Shah defeats Mughuls near Karnal (p. 360), enters Delhi and
orders massacre (p. 361).
Burhan-ul-Mulk dies and is succeeded by Safdar Jang (p. 362).
Mughuls lose Kabul and trans-Indus territory (p. 362).
Death of Shuja'-ud-Daula of Bengal (p. 364).
English obtain rights to trade in Deccan (p. 406).
1740 'Ali Vardi Khan appointed to Bengal (p. 364).
Marathas invade Arcot. Dost ‘Ali killed (p. 384).
Death of Baji Rao and succession of Balaji Rao (pp. 365, 407).
Nizam-ul-Mulk finally leaves Delhi (p. 383).
Nasir Jang rebels against Nizam-ul-Mulk (pp. 366, 383).
1741 'Ali Vardi Khan reduces Orissa (p. 366).
Marathas capture Trichinopoly and Chanda Sahib (p. 384).
Death of Chimaji Appa (p. 407).
1742 Bhaskar Pant invades Bengal (p. 367) and is driven out by 'Ali Vardi
Khan (p. 368).
"Maratha ditch" dug round Calcutta (p. 408).
1743 Raghuji Bhonsle invades Bengal. Chauth of Bihar granted to Peshwa
(p. 368).
Nizam-ul-Mulk takes Arcot and in als Anvar-ud-din (p. 384).
Death of Raja Jay Singh (p. 368), and of Muhammad Khan Bangash
(p. 429).
1744 Treaty between Nizam-ul-Mulk and Marathas (p. 384).
Raghuji Bhonsle's troops invade Bengal (p. 441).
1745 Rohilla insurrection under 'Ali Muhammad Khan (p. 370).
Raghuji Bhonsle occupies Orissa, but is defeated at battle of Katwa
(p. 441).
1746 Mir Ja'far appointed to Orissa (p. 442).
1747 Murder of 'Umdat-ul-Mulk (p. 371).
## p. 613 (#653) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
613
>
A. D.
1747 'Ali Vardi Khan defeats Marathas near Burdwan (p. 442).
Nadir Shah assassinated (p. 371).
Famine in Gujarat (p. 384).
Ahmad Shah Abdali crosses Indus (p. 372).
1748 Death of Qamar-ud-din Khan (p. 373).
Ahmad Shah Abdali retreats to Kabul (p. 373).
Death of Muhammad Shah and succession of Ahmad Shah Bahadur
(p. 373).
Death of Nizam-ul-Mulk and succession of Nasir Jang (pp. 384, 385).
Muzaffar Jang and Chanda Sahib seize Arcot (p. 387).
laim Jang Bangash killed by Rohillas (p. 429).
1749 Death of Shahu and succession of Ram Raja (p. 410).
Ahmad Shah Abdali invades Punjab (p. 429).
Ahmad Khan Bangash defeats Naval Rai and Safdar Jang (p. 430).
1750 Nasir Jang defeats Muzaffar Jang but is killed. Muzaffar Jang recognized
by French (p. 387).
Ram Raja imprisoned by Tara Bai (p. 411).
1751 Muzaffar Jang killed and succeeded by Salabat Jang (p. 387).
Peshwa favours succession of Ghazi-ud-din at Hyderabad but is defeated
by Salabat Jang with aid of French (pp. 387, 410).
Safdar Jang invites Marathas to Duab and defeats Bangash and Rohilla
Afghans (pp. 415, 431).
Orissa surrendered to the Marathas (pp. 408, 443).
