, "forus navis" (Grein), _gangway_; here
probably
the planks
which at landing are laid from the ship to the shore: acc.
which at landing are laid from the ship to the shore: acc.
Beowulf
biteran bānum, _with sharp teeth_, 2693.
--2) _irritated,
furious_: nom. pl. bitere, 1432.
bitre, adv. , _bitterly_ (in a moral sense), 2332.
bī, big (fuller form of the prep. be, which see), prep. w. dat. : 1) _near,
at, on, about, by_ (as under be, No. 1): bī sǣm twēonum, _in the circuit of
both seas_, 1957; ārās bī ronde, _raised himself up by the shield_, 2539;
bī wealle gesæt, _sat by the wall_, 2718. With a freer position: him big
stōdan bunan and orcas, _round about him_, 3048. --2) _to, towards_
(motion): hwearf þā bī bence, _turned then towards the bench_, 1189; gēong
bī sesse, _went to the seat_, 2757.
bīd (see bīdan), st. n. , _tarrying hesitation_: þǣr wearð Ongenþīo on bīd
wrecen, _forced to tarry_, 2963.
bīdan, st. v. : 1) _to delay, to stay, to remain, to wait_: inf. nō on
wealle leng bīdan wolde, _would not stay longer within the wall_ (the
drake), 2309; pret. in þȳstrum bād, _remained in darkness_, 87; flota
stille bād, _the craft lay still_, 301; receda . . . on þǣm se rīca bād,
_where the mighty one dwelt_, 310; þǣr se snottra bād, _where the wise man_
(Hrōðgār) _waited_, 1314; hē on searwum bād, _he_ (Bēowulf) _stood there
armed_, 2569; ic on earde bād mǣlgesceafta, _lived upon the paternal ground
the time appointed me by fate_, 2737; pret. pl. sume þǣr bidon, _some
remained, waited there_, 400. --2) _to await, to wait for_, with the gen. of
that which is awaited: inf. bīdan woldon Grendles gūðe, _wished to await
the combat with Grendel, to undertake it_, 482; similarly, 528; wīges
bīdan, _await the combat_, 1269; nalas andsware bīdan wolde, _would await
no answer_, 1495; pret. bād beadwa geþinges, _awaited the event of the
battle_, 710; sǣgenga bād āgend-frēan, _the sea-goer_ (boat) _awaited its
owner_, 1883; sele . . . heaðowylma bād, lāðan līges (the poet probably means
to indicate by these words that the hall Heorot was destroyed later in a
fight by fire; an occurrence, indeed, about which we know nothing, but
which 1165 and 1166, and again 2068 ff. seem to indicate), 82.
ā-bīdan, _to await_, with the gen. : inf. , 978.
ge-bīdan: 1) _to tarry, to wait_: imp. gebīde gē on beorge, _wait ye on the
mountain_, 2530; pret. part. þēah þe wintra lȳt under burhlocan gebiden
hæbbe Hæreðes dōhtor _although H's daughter had dwelt only a few years in
the castle_, 1929. --2) _to live through, to experience, to expect_ (w.
acc. ): inf. sceal endedæg mīnne gebīdan, _shall live my last day_, 639; ne
wēnde . . . bōte gebīdan, _did not hope . . . to live to see reparation_, 935;
fela sceal gebīdan lēofes and lāðes, _experience much good and much
affliction_, 1061; ende gebīdan, 1387, 2343; pret. hē þæs frōfre gebād,
_received consolation_ (compensation) _therefore_, 7; gebād wintra worn,
_lived a great number of years_, 264; in a similar construction, 816, 930,
1619, 2259, 3117. With gen. : inf. tō gebīdanne ōðres yrfeweardes, _to await
another heir_, 2453. With depend, clause: inf. tō gebīdanne þæt his byre
rīde on galgan, _to live to see it, that his son hang upon the gallows_,
2446; pret. drēam-lēas gebād þæt hē. . . , _joyless he experienced it, that
he_. . . , 1721; þæs þe ic on aldre gebād þæt ic. . . , _for this, that I, in my
old age, lived to see that_. . . , 1780.
on-bīdan, _to wait, to await_: pret. hordweard onbād earfoðlīce oð þæt ǣfen
cwōm, _scarcely waited, could scarcely delay till it was evening_, 2303.
bītan, st. v. , _to bite_, of the cutting of swords: inf. bītan, 1455, 1524;
pret. bāt bānlocan, _bit into his body_ (Grendel), 743; bāt unswīðor, _cut
with less force_ (Bēowulf's sword), 2579.
blanca, w. m. , properly _that which shines_ here of the horse, not so much
of the white horse as the dappled: dat. pl. on blancum, 857.
ge-bland, ge-blond, st. n. , _mixture, heaving mass, a turning_. --Comp. :
sund-, ȳð-geblond, windblond.
blanden-feax, blonden-feax, adj. , _mixed_, i. e. having gray hair,
_gray-headed_, as epithet of an old man: nom. sg. blondenfeax, 1792;
blondenfexa, 2963; dat. sg. blondenfeaxum, 1874; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe,
1595.
blæc, adj. , _dark, black_: nom. sg, hrefn blaca, 1802.
blāc, adj. : 1) _gleaming, shining_: acc. sg. blācne lēoman, _a brilliant
gleam_, 1518. --2) of the white death-color, _pale_; in comp. heoroblāc.
blǣd, st. m. : 1) _strength, force, vigor_: nom. sg. wæs hira blǣd scacen
(of both tribes), _strength was gone_, i. e. the bravest of both tribes lay
slain, 1125; nū is þīnes mægnes blǣd āne hwīle, _now the fulness of thy
strength lasts for a time_, 1762. --2) _reputation, renown, knowledge_ (with
stress upon the idea of filling up, spreading out): nom. sg. blǣd, 18;
(þīn) blǣd is ārǣred, _thy renown is spread abroad_, 1704.
blǣd-āgend, pt. , _having renown, renowned_: nom. pl. blǣd-āgende, 1014.
blǣd-fæst, adj. , _firm in renown, renowned, known afar_: acc. sg.
blǣdfæstne beorn (of Æschere, with reference to 1329, 1300.
blēat, adj. , _miserable, helpless_; only in comp. wæl-blēat.
blēate, adv. , _miserably, helplessly_, 2825.
blīcan, st. v. , _shine, gleam_: inf. , 222
blīðe, adj. : 1) _blithe, joyous, happy_ acc. sg. blīðne, 618. --2)
_gracious, pleasing_: nom. sg. blīðe, 436. --Comp. un-blīðe.
blīð-heort, adj. , _joyous in heart, happy_: nom. sg. , 1803.
blōd, st. n. , _blood_: nom. sg. , 1122; acc. sg. , 743; dat. sg. blōde, 848;
æfter dēorum men him langað beorn wið blōde, _the hero_ (Hrōðgār) _longs
for the beloved man contrary to blood_, i. e. he loves him although he is
not related to him by blood, 1881; dat. as instr. blōde, 486, 935, 1595,
etc.
blōd-fāg, adj. , _spotted with blood, bloody_, 2061.
blōdig, adj. , _bloody_: acc. sg. f. blōdge, 991; acc. sg. n. blōdig, 448;
instr. sg. blōdigan gāre, 2441.
ge-blōdian, w. v. , _to make bloody, to sprinkle with blood_: pret. part.
ge-blōdegod, 2693.
blōdig-tōð, adj. , _with bloody teeth_: nom. sg. bona blōdig-tōð (of
Grendel, because he bites his victims to death), 2083.
blōd-rēow, adj. , _bloodthirsty, bloody-minded_: nom. sg. him on ferhðe
grēow brēost-hord blōd-rēow, _in his bosom there grew a bloodthirsty
feeling_, 1720.
be-bod, st. n. , _command, order_; in comp. wundor-bebod.
bodian, w. v. , _(to be a messenger), to announce, to make known_: pret.
hrefn blaca heofones wynne blīð-heort bodode, _the black raven announced
joyfully heaven's delight_ (the rising sun), 1803.
boga, w. m. , _bow_, of the bended form; here of the dragon, in comp.
hring-boga; as an instrument for shooting, in the comp. flān-, horn-boga;
bow of the arch, in comp. stān-boga.
bolca, w. m.
, "forus navis" (Grein), _gangway_; here probably the planks
which at landing are laid from the ship to the shore: acc. sg. ofer bolcan,
231.
bold, st. n. , _building, house, edifice_: nom. sg. (Heorot), 998;
(Hygelāc's residence), 1926; (Bēowulfs residence), 2197, 2327. --Comp.
fold-bold.
bold-āgend, pt. , _house-owner, property-holder_: gen. pl. monegum
boldāgendra, 3113.
bolgen-mōd, adj. , _angry at heart, angry_, 710, 1714.
bolster, st. m. , _bolster, cushion, pillow_: dat. pl. (reced) geond-brǣded
wearð beddum and bolstrum, _was covered with beds and bolsters_,
1241. --Comp. hlēor-bolster.
bon-. See ban-.
bora, w. m. , _carrier, bringer, leader_: in the comp. mund-, rǣd-,
wǣg-bora.
bord, st. n. , _shield_: nom. sg. , 2674; acc. sg. , 2525; gen. pl. ofer borda
gebræc, _over the crashing of the shields_, 2260. --Comp. : hilde-, wīg-bord.
bord-hæbbend, pt. , _one having a shield, shield-bearer_: nom. pl. hæbbende,
2896.
bord-hrēoða, w. m. , _shield-cover, shield_ with particular reference to its
cover (of hides or linden bark): dat. sg. -hrēoðan, 2204.
bord-rand, st. m. , _shield_: acc. sg. , 2560.
bord-weall, st. m. , _shield-wall, wall of shields_: acc. sg. , 2981.
bord-wudu, st. m. , _shield-wood, shield_: acc. pl. beorhtan beord-wudu,
1244.
botm, st. m. , _bottom_: dat. sg. tō botme (here of the bottom of the
fen-lake), 1507.
bōt (emendation, cf. bētan), st. f. : 1) _relief, remedy_: nom. sg. , 281;
acc. sg. bōte, 935; acc. sg. bōte, 910. --2) _a performance in expiation, a
giving satisfaction, tribute_: gen. sg. bōte, 158.
brand, brond, st. m. : 1) _burning, fire_: nom. sg. þā sceal brond fretan
(_the burning of the body_), 3015; instr. sg. by hine ne mōston . . . bronde
forbærnan (_could not bestow upon him the solemn burning_), 2127; hæfde
landwara līge befangen, bǣle and bronde, _with glow, fire, and flame_,
2323. --2) in the passage, þæt hine nō brond nē beadomēcas bītan ne meahton,
1455, brond has been translated _sword, brand_ (after the O. N. brand-r).
The meaning _fire_ may be justified as well, if we consider that the old
helmets were generally made of leather, and only the principal parts were
mounted with bronze. The poet wishes here to emphasize the fact that the
helmet was made entirely of metal, a thing which was very unusual. --3) in
the passage, forgeaf þā Bēowulfe brand Healfdenes segen gyldenne, 1021, our
text, with other editions, has emendated, bearn, since brand, if it be
intended as a designation of Hrōðgār (perhaps _son_), has not up to this
time been found in this sense in A. -S.
brant, bront, adj. , _raging, foaming, going-high_, of ships and of waves:
acc. sg. brontne, 238, 568.
brād, adj. : 1) _extended, wide_: nom. pl. brāde rīce, 2208. --2) _broad_:
nom. sg. hēah and brād (of Bēowulf's grave-mound), 3159; acc. sg. brādne
mēce, 2979; (seax) brād [and] brūnecg, _the broad, short sword with bright
edge_, 1547. --3) _massive, in abundance_. acc, sg. brād gold, 3106.
ge-bræc, st. n. , _noise, crash_: acc. sg. borda gebræc, 2260.
geond-brǣdan, w. v. , _to spread over, to cover entirely_: pret. part.
geond-brǣded, 1240.
brecan, st. v. : 1) _to break, to break to pieces_: pret. bānhringas bræc,
(the sword) _broke the joints_, 1568. In a moral sense: pret. subj. þæt þǣr
ǣnig mon wǣre ne brǣce, _that no one should break the agreement_, 1101;
pret. part. þonne bīoð brocene . . . āð-sweord eorla, _then are the oaths of
the men broken_, 2064. --2) probably also simply _to break in upon
something, to press upon_, w. acc. : pret. sg. sǣdēor monig hildetūxum
heresyrcan bræc, _many a sea-animal pressed with his battle-teeth upon the
shirt of mail_ (did not break it, for, according to 1549 f. , 1553 f. , it
was still unharmed). 1512. --3) _to break out, to spring out_: inf. geseah
. . . strēam ūt brecan of beorge, _saw a stream break out from the rocks_,
2547; lēt se hearda Higelāces þegn brādne mēce . . . brecan ofer bordweal,
_caused the broadsword to spring out over the wall of shields_, 2981. --4)
figuratively, _to vex, not to let rest_: pret. hine fyrwyt bræc, _curiosity
tormented_ (N. H. G. brachte die Neugier um), 232, 1986, 2785.
ge-brecan, _to break to pieces_: pret. bānhūs gebræc, _broke in pieces his
body_ (Bēowulf in combat with Dæghrefn), 2509.
tō-brecan, _to break in pieces_: inf. , 781; pret. part. tō-brocen, 998.
þurh-brecan, _to break through_, pret. wordes ord brēosthord þurh-bræc,
_the word's point broke through his closed breast_, i. e. a word burst out
from his breast, 2793.
brecð, st. f. , _condition of being broken, breach_: nom. pl. mōdes brecða
(_sorrow of heart_), 171.
ā-bredwian, w. v. w. acc. , _to fell to the ground, to kill_ (? ): pret.
ābredwade, 2620.
bregdan, st. v. , properly _to swing round_, hence: 1) _to swing_: inf.
under sceadu bregdan, _swing among the shadows, to send into the realm of
shadows_, 708; pret. brægd ealde lāfe, _swung the old weapon_, 796; brægd
feorh-genīðlan, _swung his mortal enemy_ (Grendel's mother), threw her
down, 1540; pl. git ēagorstrēam . . . mundum brugdon, _stirred the sea with
your hands_ (of the movement of the hands in swimming), 514; pret. part.
brōden (brogden) mǣl, _the drawn sword_, 1617, 1668. --2) _to knit, to knot,
to plait_: inf. , figuratively, inwitnet ōðrum bregdan, _to weave a
waylaying net for another_ (as we say in the same way, to lay a trap for
another, to dig a pit for another), 2168; pret. part. beadohrægl brōden, _a
woven shirt of mail_ (because it consisted of metal rings joined together),
552; similarly, 1549; brogdne beadusercean, 2756.
ā-bregdan, _to swing_: pret. hond up ā-bræd, _swung, raised his hand_,
2576.
ge-bregdan: 1) _swing_: pret. hring-mǣl gebrægd, _swung the ringed sword_,
1565; eald sweord ēacen . . .
furious_: nom. pl. bitere, 1432.
bitre, adv. , _bitterly_ (in a moral sense), 2332.
bī, big (fuller form of the prep. be, which see), prep. w. dat. : 1) _near,
at, on, about, by_ (as under be, No. 1): bī sǣm twēonum, _in the circuit of
both seas_, 1957; ārās bī ronde, _raised himself up by the shield_, 2539;
bī wealle gesæt, _sat by the wall_, 2718. With a freer position: him big
stōdan bunan and orcas, _round about him_, 3048. --2) _to, towards_
(motion): hwearf þā bī bence, _turned then towards the bench_, 1189; gēong
bī sesse, _went to the seat_, 2757.
bīd (see bīdan), st. n. , _tarrying hesitation_: þǣr wearð Ongenþīo on bīd
wrecen, _forced to tarry_, 2963.
bīdan, st. v. : 1) _to delay, to stay, to remain, to wait_: inf. nō on
wealle leng bīdan wolde, _would not stay longer within the wall_ (the
drake), 2309; pret. in þȳstrum bād, _remained in darkness_, 87; flota
stille bād, _the craft lay still_, 301; receda . . . on þǣm se rīca bād,
_where the mighty one dwelt_, 310; þǣr se snottra bād, _where the wise man_
(Hrōðgār) _waited_, 1314; hē on searwum bād, _he_ (Bēowulf) _stood there
armed_, 2569; ic on earde bād mǣlgesceafta, _lived upon the paternal ground
the time appointed me by fate_, 2737; pret. pl. sume þǣr bidon, _some
remained, waited there_, 400. --2) _to await, to wait for_, with the gen. of
that which is awaited: inf. bīdan woldon Grendles gūðe, _wished to await
the combat with Grendel, to undertake it_, 482; similarly, 528; wīges
bīdan, _await the combat_, 1269; nalas andsware bīdan wolde, _would await
no answer_, 1495; pret. bād beadwa geþinges, _awaited the event of the
battle_, 710; sǣgenga bād āgend-frēan, _the sea-goer_ (boat) _awaited its
owner_, 1883; sele . . . heaðowylma bād, lāðan līges (the poet probably means
to indicate by these words that the hall Heorot was destroyed later in a
fight by fire; an occurrence, indeed, about which we know nothing, but
which 1165 and 1166, and again 2068 ff. seem to indicate), 82.
ā-bīdan, _to await_, with the gen. : inf. , 978.
ge-bīdan: 1) _to tarry, to wait_: imp. gebīde gē on beorge, _wait ye on the
mountain_, 2530; pret. part. þēah þe wintra lȳt under burhlocan gebiden
hæbbe Hæreðes dōhtor _although H's daughter had dwelt only a few years in
the castle_, 1929. --2) _to live through, to experience, to expect_ (w.
acc. ): inf. sceal endedæg mīnne gebīdan, _shall live my last day_, 639; ne
wēnde . . . bōte gebīdan, _did not hope . . . to live to see reparation_, 935;
fela sceal gebīdan lēofes and lāðes, _experience much good and much
affliction_, 1061; ende gebīdan, 1387, 2343; pret. hē þæs frōfre gebād,
_received consolation_ (compensation) _therefore_, 7; gebād wintra worn,
_lived a great number of years_, 264; in a similar construction, 816, 930,
1619, 2259, 3117. With gen. : inf. tō gebīdanne ōðres yrfeweardes, _to await
another heir_, 2453. With depend, clause: inf. tō gebīdanne þæt his byre
rīde on galgan, _to live to see it, that his son hang upon the gallows_,
2446; pret. drēam-lēas gebād þæt hē. . . , _joyless he experienced it, that
he_. . . , 1721; þæs þe ic on aldre gebād þæt ic. . . , _for this, that I, in my
old age, lived to see that_. . . , 1780.
on-bīdan, _to wait, to await_: pret. hordweard onbād earfoðlīce oð þæt ǣfen
cwōm, _scarcely waited, could scarcely delay till it was evening_, 2303.
bītan, st. v. , _to bite_, of the cutting of swords: inf. bītan, 1455, 1524;
pret. bāt bānlocan, _bit into his body_ (Grendel), 743; bāt unswīðor, _cut
with less force_ (Bēowulf's sword), 2579.
blanca, w. m. , properly _that which shines_ here of the horse, not so much
of the white horse as the dappled: dat. pl. on blancum, 857.
ge-bland, ge-blond, st. n. , _mixture, heaving mass, a turning_. --Comp. :
sund-, ȳð-geblond, windblond.
blanden-feax, blonden-feax, adj. , _mixed_, i. e. having gray hair,
_gray-headed_, as epithet of an old man: nom. sg. blondenfeax, 1792;
blondenfexa, 2963; dat. sg. blondenfeaxum, 1874; nom. pl. blondenfeaxe,
1595.
blæc, adj. , _dark, black_: nom. sg, hrefn blaca, 1802.
blāc, adj. : 1) _gleaming, shining_: acc. sg. blācne lēoman, _a brilliant
gleam_, 1518. --2) of the white death-color, _pale_; in comp. heoroblāc.
blǣd, st. m. : 1) _strength, force, vigor_: nom. sg. wæs hira blǣd scacen
(of both tribes), _strength was gone_, i. e. the bravest of both tribes lay
slain, 1125; nū is þīnes mægnes blǣd āne hwīle, _now the fulness of thy
strength lasts for a time_, 1762. --2) _reputation, renown, knowledge_ (with
stress upon the idea of filling up, spreading out): nom. sg. blǣd, 18;
(þīn) blǣd is ārǣred, _thy renown is spread abroad_, 1704.
blǣd-āgend, pt. , _having renown, renowned_: nom. pl. blǣd-āgende, 1014.
blǣd-fæst, adj. , _firm in renown, renowned, known afar_: acc. sg.
blǣdfæstne beorn (of Æschere, with reference to 1329, 1300.
blēat, adj. , _miserable, helpless_; only in comp. wæl-blēat.
blēate, adv. , _miserably, helplessly_, 2825.
blīcan, st. v. , _shine, gleam_: inf. , 222
blīðe, adj. : 1) _blithe, joyous, happy_ acc. sg. blīðne, 618. --2)
_gracious, pleasing_: nom. sg. blīðe, 436. --Comp. un-blīðe.
blīð-heort, adj. , _joyous in heart, happy_: nom. sg. , 1803.
blōd, st. n. , _blood_: nom. sg. , 1122; acc. sg. , 743; dat. sg. blōde, 848;
æfter dēorum men him langað beorn wið blōde, _the hero_ (Hrōðgār) _longs
for the beloved man contrary to blood_, i. e. he loves him although he is
not related to him by blood, 1881; dat. as instr. blōde, 486, 935, 1595,
etc.
blōd-fāg, adj. , _spotted with blood, bloody_, 2061.
blōdig, adj. , _bloody_: acc. sg. f. blōdge, 991; acc. sg. n. blōdig, 448;
instr. sg. blōdigan gāre, 2441.
ge-blōdian, w. v. , _to make bloody, to sprinkle with blood_: pret. part.
ge-blōdegod, 2693.
blōdig-tōð, adj. , _with bloody teeth_: nom. sg. bona blōdig-tōð (of
Grendel, because he bites his victims to death), 2083.
blōd-rēow, adj. , _bloodthirsty, bloody-minded_: nom. sg. him on ferhðe
grēow brēost-hord blōd-rēow, _in his bosom there grew a bloodthirsty
feeling_, 1720.
be-bod, st. n. , _command, order_; in comp. wundor-bebod.
bodian, w. v. , _(to be a messenger), to announce, to make known_: pret.
hrefn blaca heofones wynne blīð-heort bodode, _the black raven announced
joyfully heaven's delight_ (the rising sun), 1803.
boga, w. m. , _bow_, of the bended form; here of the dragon, in comp.
hring-boga; as an instrument for shooting, in the comp. flān-, horn-boga;
bow of the arch, in comp. stān-boga.
bolca, w. m.
, "forus navis" (Grein), _gangway_; here probably the planks
which at landing are laid from the ship to the shore: acc. sg. ofer bolcan,
231.
bold, st. n. , _building, house, edifice_: nom. sg. (Heorot), 998;
(Hygelāc's residence), 1926; (Bēowulfs residence), 2197, 2327. --Comp.
fold-bold.
bold-āgend, pt. , _house-owner, property-holder_: gen. pl. monegum
boldāgendra, 3113.
bolgen-mōd, adj. , _angry at heart, angry_, 710, 1714.
bolster, st. m. , _bolster, cushion, pillow_: dat. pl. (reced) geond-brǣded
wearð beddum and bolstrum, _was covered with beds and bolsters_,
1241. --Comp. hlēor-bolster.
bon-. See ban-.
bora, w. m. , _carrier, bringer, leader_: in the comp. mund-, rǣd-,
wǣg-bora.
bord, st. n. , _shield_: nom. sg. , 2674; acc. sg. , 2525; gen. pl. ofer borda
gebræc, _over the crashing of the shields_, 2260. --Comp. : hilde-, wīg-bord.
bord-hæbbend, pt. , _one having a shield, shield-bearer_: nom. pl. hæbbende,
2896.
bord-hrēoða, w. m. , _shield-cover, shield_ with particular reference to its
cover (of hides or linden bark): dat. sg. -hrēoðan, 2204.
bord-rand, st. m. , _shield_: acc. sg. , 2560.
bord-weall, st. m. , _shield-wall, wall of shields_: acc. sg. , 2981.
bord-wudu, st. m. , _shield-wood, shield_: acc. pl. beorhtan beord-wudu,
1244.
botm, st. m. , _bottom_: dat. sg. tō botme (here of the bottom of the
fen-lake), 1507.
bōt (emendation, cf. bētan), st. f. : 1) _relief, remedy_: nom. sg. , 281;
acc. sg. bōte, 935; acc. sg. bōte, 910. --2) _a performance in expiation, a
giving satisfaction, tribute_: gen. sg. bōte, 158.
brand, brond, st. m. : 1) _burning, fire_: nom. sg. þā sceal brond fretan
(_the burning of the body_), 3015; instr. sg. by hine ne mōston . . . bronde
forbærnan (_could not bestow upon him the solemn burning_), 2127; hæfde
landwara līge befangen, bǣle and bronde, _with glow, fire, and flame_,
2323. --2) in the passage, þæt hine nō brond nē beadomēcas bītan ne meahton,
1455, brond has been translated _sword, brand_ (after the O. N. brand-r).
The meaning _fire_ may be justified as well, if we consider that the old
helmets were generally made of leather, and only the principal parts were
mounted with bronze. The poet wishes here to emphasize the fact that the
helmet was made entirely of metal, a thing which was very unusual. --3) in
the passage, forgeaf þā Bēowulfe brand Healfdenes segen gyldenne, 1021, our
text, with other editions, has emendated, bearn, since brand, if it be
intended as a designation of Hrōðgār (perhaps _son_), has not up to this
time been found in this sense in A. -S.
brant, bront, adj. , _raging, foaming, going-high_, of ships and of waves:
acc. sg. brontne, 238, 568.
brād, adj. : 1) _extended, wide_: nom. pl. brāde rīce, 2208. --2) _broad_:
nom. sg. hēah and brād (of Bēowulf's grave-mound), 3159; acc. sg. brādne
mēce, 2979; (seax) brād [and] brūnecg, _the broad, short sword with bright
edge_, 1547. --3) _massive, in abundance_. acc, sg. brād gold, 3106.
ge-bræc, st. n. , _noise, crash_: acc. sg. borda gebræc, 2260.
geond-brǣdan, w. v. , _to spread over, to cover entirely_: pret. part.
geond-brǣded, 1240.
brecan, st. v. : 1) _to break, to break to pieces_: pret. bānhringas bræc,
(the sword) _broke the joints_, 1568. In a moral sense: pret. subj. þæt þǣr
ǣnig mon wǣre ne brǣce, _that no one should break the agreement_, 1101;
pret. part. þonne bīoð brocene . . . āð-sweord eorla, _then are the oaths of
the men broken_, 2064. --2) probably also simply _to break in upon
something, to press upon_, w. acc. : pret. sg. sǣdēor monig hildetūxum
heresyrcan bræc, _many a sea-animal pressed with his battle-teeth upon the
shirt of mail_ (did not break it, for, according to 1549 f. , 1553 f. , it
was still unharmed). 1512. --3) _to break out, to spring out_: inf. geseah
. . . strēam ūt brecan of beorge, _saw a stream break out from the rocks_,
2547; lēt se hearda Higelāces þegn brādne mēce . . . brecan ofer bordweal,
_caused the broadsword to spring out over the wall of shields_, 2981. --4)
figuratively, _to vex, not to let rest_: pret. hine fyrwyt bræc, _curiosity
tormented_ (N. H. G. brachte die Neugier um), 232, 1986, 2785.
ge-brecan, _to break to pieces_: pret. bānhūs gebræc, _broke in pieces his
body_ (Bēowulf in combat with Dæghrefn), 2509.
tō-brecan, _to break in pieces_: inf. , 781; pret. part. tō-brocen, 998.
þurh-brecan, _to break through_, pret. wordes ord brēosthord þurh-bræc,
_the word's point broke through his closed breast_, i. e. a word burst out
from his breast, 2793.
brecð, st. f. , _condition of being broken, breach_: nom. pl. mōdes brecða
(_sorrow of heart_), 171.
ā-bredwian, w. v. w. acc. , _to fell to the ground, to kill_ (? ): pret.
ābredwade, 2620.
bregdan, st. v. , properly _to swing round_, hence: 1) _to swing_: inf.
under sceadu bregdan, _swing among the shadows, to send into the realm of
shadows_, 708; pret. brægd ealde lāfe, _swung the old weapon_, 796; brægd
feorh-genīðlan, _swung his mortal enemy_ (Grendel's mother), threw her
down, 1540; pl. git ēagorstrēam . . . mundum brugdon, _stirred the sea with
your hands_ (of the movement of the hands in swimming), 514; pret. part.
brōden (brogden) mǣl, _the drawn sword_, 1617, 1668. --2) _to knit, to knot,
to plait_: inf. , figuratively, inwitnet ōðrum bregdan, _to weave a
waylaying net for another_ (as we say in the same way, to lay a trap for
another, to dig a pit for another), 2168; pret. part. beadohrægl brōden, _a
woven shirt of mail_ (because it consisted of metal rings joined together),
552; similarly, 1549; brogdne beadusercean, 2756.
ā-bregdan, _to swing_: pret. hond up ā-bræd, _swung, raised his hand_,
2576.
ge-bregdan: 1) _swing_: pret. hring-mǣl gebrægd, _swung the ringed sword_,
1565; eald sweord ēacen . . .
