)
PANY
AoXoLNY
BATIALA
ANTIOXAS
BACIAORE
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIIL
ANTIOCHUS IX.
PANY
AoXoLNY
BATIALA
ANTIOXAS
BACIAORE
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIIL
ANTIOCHUS IX.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
pp.
579, 583, &c.
, ed.
Wess.
; Appian,
surnamed EPIPHANES ('Eribarns), and on coins Syr. 45, 66; Maccab. lib. i. ii. ; Joseph. Ant. xii.
Theos (@ebs) also, was the son of Antiochus III. , 5; Hieronym. ad Dan. c. 11; Eckhel. m. p. 222,
and was given as a hostage to the Romans in B. c. &c. ) On the reverse of the foregoing coin Jupiter
188. He was released from captivity in B. c. 175 is represented, holding a small figure of Victory in
through his brother Seleucus Philopator, who gave his right hand, and a spear in his left.
his own son Demetrius in his stead. While ANTIOCHUS V. ('Avrioxos), king of Syria,
Antiochus was at Athens on his return to Syria surnamed EUPATOR (EÚnátwp), was nine years
in this year, Seleucus was murdered by Heliodo- old at his father's death, and reigned nominally
rus, who seized upon the crown. Antiochus, for two years. (B. C. 164–162. ) Lysias assumed
however, with the assistance of Attalus easily the guardianship of the young king, though An-
expelled the usurper, and ascended the throne in tiochus IV. had appointed Philip to this office.
the same year. (B. C. 175. ) Demetrius remained Lysias, accompanied by the young king, continued
at Rome.
the war against the Jews, and laid siege to Jeru-
Cleopatra, the sister of Antiochus, who had salem; but hearing that Philip was marching
been betrothed to Ptolemy Epiphanes, was now against him from Persis
, he concluded a peace
dead, and Antiochus therefore claimed the pro- with the Jews. He then proceeded against Philip,
vinces of Coele-Syria and Palestine, which had whom he conquered and put to death. The Ro-
been given as her dowry. As the Romans were mans, availing themselves of the distracted state of
at this time engaged in a war with Perseus, king Syria, sent an embassy to enforce the terms of the
of Macedonia, Antiochus thought it a favourable peace which had been concluded with Antiochus
opportunity to prosecute his claims, and accord the Great; but an insurrection was excited in con-
ingly declared war against Egypt. In four cam- sequence of these commands, in which Octavius,
paigns (B. c. 171–168), he not only obtained the chief of the embassy, was slain. About the
possession of the countries to which he laid claim, same time Demetrius Soter, the son of Seleucus
but almost completed the conquest of Egypt, and Philopator, who had remained in Rome up to this
was preparing to lay siege to Alexandria, when a time (see ANTIOCHUS IV. ], appeared in Syria and
Roman embassy commanded him to retire from laid claim to the throne. Lysias and the young
the country. This command he thought it most king fell into his hands, and were immediately put
prudent to obey, but he still retained possession of to death by him, B. c. 162. (Polyb. xxxi. 12, 19;
Coele-Syria and Palestine. The cruelties which Appian, Syr. 46, 66; Joseph. Ant. xii. 10; 1 Mac-
Antiochus perpetrated against the Jews during cab. vi. , &c. ; 2 Maccab. xiii. , &c. ; Cic. Phil
. ix. 2. )
this war, are recorded in the books of the Macca- A pollo is represented on the reverse of the annexed
bees, and have rendered his name infamous. He coin, as in those of Antiochus I. and III. The in-
took Jerusalem on his return from his second scription at the foot, EYNIATOPOS, is partly cut off.
campaign into Egypt (B. C. 170), and again at the
end of the fourth campaign (B. C. 168), and en-
deavoured to root out the Jewish religion and
introduce the worship of the Greek divinities; but
this attempt led to a rising of the Jewish people,
under Mattathias and his heroic sons the Macca-
bees, which Antiochus was unable to put down.
Lysias, who was sent against them with a large
army, was defeated ; and Antiochus, who was in
the eastern provinces at the time, hastened his re-
turn in order to avenge the disgrace which had
befallen his arms. On his return he attempted to
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS V.
plunder a temple in Elymais, probably the same as ANTI'OCHUS V1. ('Artloxos), king of Syria,
his father had attacked, but was repulsed, and surnamed THEOS (eds), and on coins Epiphanes
shortly afterwards died at Tabae in Persia, in a Dionysus ('Eribavns Sióvvoos), was the son of
state of raving madness, which the Jews and Alexander Balas, king of Syria (see p. 114, b. ),
Greeks equally attributed to his sacrilegious crimes. and remained in Arabia after his father's death in
His subjects gave him the name of Epimanes B. C. 146. Two years afterwards (B. C. 144),
("Ertuavhs) in parody of Epiphanes ('Eriparís). while he was still a youth, he was brought forward
as a claimant to the crown against Demetrius
Nicator by Tryphon, or Diodotus, who had been
one of his father's chief ministers. Tryphon met
with great success; Jonathan and Simon, the
leaders of the Jews, joined his party; and Antio
chus was acknowledged as king by the greater
part of Syria. But Tryphon, who had all along
intended to secure the royal power for himself, and
had brought forward Antiochus only for this pur-
pose, now put the young prince to death and
ascended the throne, B. c. 142. (1 Maccab. xi. ,
&c. ; Joseph. Antiq. xiii. 6, &c. ; Strab. xvi. p.
COIN OP ANTIOCHUS IV,
752; Justin, xxxvi. 1; Liv. Epit. 55. ) The re-
ANTIS
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ
EU4ANOY
## p. 199 (#219) ############################################
ANTIOCHUS.
199
ANTIOCHUS.
BAZIRIQ
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VI.
zerse of the annexed coin represents the Dioscuri remained in her hands. (B. C. 125. ) At this time
riding on horseback, and has upon it the year OP, the greater part of Syria was in the power of the
that is, the 170th year of the Seleucidae. (Eckhel, usurper Alexander Zebina (see p. 127, b. ); but
iii. p. 231, &c. )
Antiochus, with the assistance of Ptolemy Physcon,
the king of Egypt, whose daughter he married,
conquered Alexander and became master of the
whole of Syria. Cleopatra then became jealous of
him and plotted against his life; but her son com-
pelled her to drink the poison she had prepared
for him. (B. C. 120. ) For the next eight years
Antiochus reigned in peace; but at the end of that
time his half-brother, Antiochus Cyzicenus, the
Cat AROTE
son of Antiochus Sidetes and their common mother
ATOMYŠOY
Cleopatra, laid claim to the crown, and a civil war
ensued. (B. c. 112. ) The remaining history of the
Seleucidae till Syria became a Roman province, is
hardly anything else but a series of civil wars be-
ANTI'OCHUS VII. (Avrloxos), king of Sr-tween the princes of the royal family. In the first
RIA, surnamed SIDETES (Eldørns), from Side in year of the struggle (B. c. 112), Antiochus Cyzi-
Pamphylia, where he was brought up, (and not cenus became master of almost the whole of Syria,
from a Syriac word signifying a hunter,) and on but in the next year (B. c. 111), A. Grypus re-
coins Energetes (Evepyétns), was the younger son gained a considerable part of his dominions ; and
of Demetrius Soter, and obtained possession of the it was then agreed that the kingdom should be
throne in B. c. 137, after conquering Tryphon, who shared between them, A. Cyzicenus having Coele-
had held the sovereignty since the murder of Syria and Phoenicia, and A. Grypus the remainder
Antiochus VI. He married Cleopatra, the wife of the provinces. This arrangement lasted, though
of his elder brother Demetrius Nicator, who was a with frequent wars between the two kings, till the
prisoner in the hand of the Parthians. He carried death of Antiochus Grypus, who was assassinated
on war against the Jews, and took Jerusalem by Heracleon in B. c. 96, after a reign of twenty-
after almost a year's siege, in B. C. 133. He then nine years. He left five sons, Seleucus, Philip,
granted them a peace on favourable terms, and Antiochus Epiphanes, Demetrius Eucaerus, and
next directed his arms against the Parthians. At Antiochus Dionysus. (Justin, xxxix. 1-3; Liv.
first he met with success, but was afterwards de Epit. 60; Appian, Syr. 69; Joseph. Antiq. xiii.
feated by the Parthian king, and lost his life in 13; Athen. xii. p. 540. ). Many of the coins of
the battle, after a reign of nine years. (B. c. 128. ) Antiochus Grypus have the head of Antiochus on
llis son Seleucus was taken prisoner in the same one side, and that of his mother Cleopatra on the
battle. Antiochus, like many of his predecessors, other. The one annexed must have been struck
was passionately devoted to the pleasures of the after his mother's death. (Eckhel, iii. p. 238, &c. )
table. He had three sons and two daughters, the
larter of whom both bore the name of Laodice,
His sons were Antiochus, Seleucus, and Antiochus
(Cyzicenus), the last of whom subsequently suc-
ceeded to the throne. (Joseph. Ant. xiii. 8; 1
Maccab. xv. , &c. ; Justin, xxxvi. 1, xxxviii. 10;
Diod. xxxiv. Ecl. 1; Athen. X. p. 439, xii. p. 540. )
The reverse of the annexed coin represents Athena
bolding a small figure of Victory in her right hand.
(Eckhel, iii. p. 235, &c.
)
PANY
AoXoLNY
BATIALA
ANTIOXAS
BACIAORE
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIIL
ANTIOCHUS IX. ('Avtíoxos), king of SYRIA
surnamed CYZICENUS(Kufiknyós) from Cyzicus,
where he was brought up, and on coins Philopator
(PINOTÁTWp), reigned over Coele-Syria and Phoe
nicia from B. c. Ìll to 96, as is stated in the pre-
ceding article. On the death of his brother, Anti-
ochus VIII. , he attempted to obtain possession of
Simone
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIL
ANTI'OCHUS VIII. ('Artloxos), king of Sy-
RIA, surnamed GRYPUS (Tpuros), or Hook-
nosed, from ypúy, a vnlture, and on coins Epiphanes
('Erripávns), was the second son of Demetrius
Nicator and Cleopatra. His eldest brother Seleu-
cus was put to death by their mother Cleopatra,
because he wished to have the power, and not
merely the title, of king; and Antiochus was after
his brother's death recalled from Athens, where he
was studying, by his mother Cleopatra, that he might
bear the title of king, while the real sovereignty
PAS TTATURE
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS IX,
## p. 200 (#220) ############################################
200
ANTIOCHUS.
ANTIOPE.
Aarinivy
KYN, VI
the whole of Syria ; but his claims were resisted by the youngest son of Antiochus VIII. , assumed the
Seleucus, the eldest son of Antiochus VIII. , by whom title of king after his brother Demetrius had been
he was killed in battle, B. c. 95. He left behind taken prisoner by the Parthians. He fell in battle
him a son, Antiochus Eusebes, who succeeded to against Aretas, king of the Arabians. (Joseph.
the throne. (Justin, Appian, Joseph. U. cc. ; Eck- Ant. xüi. 15. $ 1; Eckhel, iii. p. 246, &c. )
hel, iii. p. 241, &c. ) The reverse of the foregoing
coin is the same as that of Antiochus VII.
ANTI'OCHUS X. ('Avrloxos), king of SYRIA,
surnamed EUSEBES (Eugéens), and on coins.
Philopator (Plomátwp) also, succeeded to the
throne on the death of his father Antiochus IX.
B. c. 95. He defeated Seleucus, who conquered
his father, and compelled him to fly into Cilicia,
where he perished ; but he then had to contend
with the next two brothers of Seleucus, Philip and
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS XII.
Antiochus Epiphanes, the latter of whom assumed ANTIOCHUS XIII. , king of Syria, sur-
the title of king, and is known as the eleventh named ASIATICUS ('AQUATIRÓS), and on coins
king of Syria of this name. In a battle fought Dionysus Philopator Callinicus (Acorvoos oido-
near the Orontes, Antiochus X. defeated Philip rátwp Karrivikos), was the son of Antiochus X.
and Antiochus XI. , and the latter was drowned in and Seiene, an Egyptian princess. He repaired to
the river. The crown was now assunied by Philip, Rome during the time that Tigranes had posses-
who continued to prosecute the war assisted by his sion of Syria, and passed through Syria on his re-
brother, Demetrius Eucaerus. The Syrians, worn turn during the government of Verres. (B. c. 73-71. )
out with these civil broils, offered the kingdom to On the defeat of Tigranes in B. C. 69, Lucullus
Tigranes, king of Annenia, who accordingly took allowed Antiochus Asiaticus to take possession of
possession of Syria in B. c. 83, and ruled over it the kingdom; but he was deprived of it in B. c. 65
till he was defeated by Lucullus in B. c. 69. The by Pompey, who reduced Sicily to a Roman pro-
time of the death of Antiochus X. is uncertain. vince. In this year the Seleucidae ceased to reign.
He appears, however, to have fallen in battle (Appian, Syr. 49, 70; Cic. in Verr. iv. 27, 28, 30 ;
against the Parthians, before Tigranes obtained Justin, xl. 2. ) Some writers suppose, that Antio-
possession of Syria. (Joseph. Antiq. xi. 13. & 4. ) chus Asiaticus afterwards reigned as king of Com-
According to some accounts he survived the reign magene, but there are not sufficient reasons to sup-
of Tigranes, and returned to his kingdom after the port this opinion. [ANTIOCHUS I. , king of Com-
conquest of the latter by Lucullus (Euseb. p. 192; | magene. ]
Justin, xl. 2); but these accounts ascribe to Anti-
ochus X. what belongs to his son Antiochus XIII.
(See Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. pp. 338, 340. ) Jupiter
is represented on the reverse of the annexed coin
as in that of Antiochus IV.
KAMATNIK
34. TATOP
RAMAS
COIN OP ANTIOCHUS XII.
For the history and chronology of the Syrian
kings in general, see Fröhlich, Annales Syriae, &c. ;
Vaillant, Seleucidarum Imperium, &c. ; Niebuhr,
Kleine Schriften, Historischer Gewinn aus der
armenischen Uebersetzung der Chronik des Eusebius;
Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. Appendix, c. 3.
COIN OP ANTIOCHUS X.
ANTION ('Artiwv), a son of Periphas and
ANTI'OCHUS XI. ('Avrloxos), king of SYRIA, Astyageia, and husband of Perimela, by whom he
burnamed EPIPHANES ('Emipávns), was the son became the father of Ixion. (Diod. iv. 69; Schol.
of Antiochus VIII. , and is spoken of under An- ad Pind. Pyth. ii. 39. )
[L. S. ]
ANTIΌPE ('Αντιόπη). 1. A daughter of
TIOCHUS X.
Nycteus and Polyxo (A pollod. iii. 5. § 5, 10. § 1),
or of the river god Asopus in Boeotia (Odyss. xi.
260; Apollon. Rhod. i. 735. ) She became by
Zeus the mother of Amphion and Zethus. [AM-
PHION. ] Dionysus threw her into a state of mad-
ness on account of the vengeance which her sons
had taken on Dirce. In this condition she wan-
dered about through Greece, until Phocus, the
grandson of Sisyphus, cured and married her. She
was buried with Phocus in one common tomb.
(Paus. ix. 17. $ 4. )
2. An Amazon, a sister of Hippolyte, who mar-
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS XI.
ried Theseus. (Paus. i. 2. § 1, 41. 8 7. ) Accord-
ANTIOCHUS XII. ('Avrloxos), king of Syria, ing to Servius (ad Aen. xi. 661), she was a daughter
surnamed DIONYSUS (Alóvuoos), and on coins of Hippolyte. Diodorus (iv. 16) states, that The.
Philopator Callinicus (oilomátwp Kativikos) also, I seus received her as a present from Heracles,
PRAES
## p. 201 (#221) ############################################
ANTIPATER.
201
ANTIPATER.
When subscquently Attica was invaded by the from jcalousy or from the necessity of guarding
Amazons, Antiope fought with Theseus against against the evil consequences of the dissensions
them, and died the death of a heroine by his side. between Olympias and Antipater, the latter was
(Comp. Diod. ir. 28; Plut. Thos. 26, 27. ) AC- ordered to lead into Asja the fresh troops required
cording to Hyginus (Fab. 241) Antiope was a by the king, B. C. 324, while Craterus, under whom
daughter of Arcs, and was killed by Theseus him the discharged veterans were sent home, was ap-
self in consequence of an oracle.
pointed to the regency in Macedonia. (Arr. vii.
3. A daughter of Pylon or Pylaon, was married p. 155; Pseudo-Curt. x. 4. $ 9, &c. ; Just. xii. 12. )
to Eurytus, by whom she became the mother of The story which ascribes the death of Alexander,
the Argonauts Iphitus and Clytius. She is also B. C. 323, to poison, and implicates Antipater and
called Antioche. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 86; Hygin. even Aristotle in the plot, is perhaps sufficiently
Fab. 14, with Muncker's note. )
refuted by its own intrinsic absurdity, and is set
4. A daughter of Aeolus, by whom Poseidon aside as false by Arrian and Plutarch. (Diod. xvii.
hegot Boeotus and Hellen. (Hygin. Fab. 157; 118; Paus. viii. 18; Tac. Ann. ii. 73; Curt. x. 10.
surnamed EPIPHANES ('Eribarns), and on coins Syr. 45, 66; Maccab. lib. i. ii. ; Joseph. Ant. xii.
Theos (@ebs) also, was the son of Antiochus III. , 5; Hieronym. ad Dan. c. 11; Eckhel. m. p. 222,
and was given as a hostage to the Romans in B. c. &c. ) On the reverse of the foregoing coin Jupiter
188. He was released from captivity in B. c. 175 is represented, holding a small figure of Victory in
through his brother Seleucus Philopator, who gave his right hand, and a spear in his left.
his own son Demetrius in his stead. While ANTIOCHUS V. ('Avrioxos), king of Syria,
Antiochus was at Athens on his return to Syria surnamed EUPATOR (EÚnátwp), was nine years
in this year, Seleucus was murdered by Heliodo- old at his father's death, and reigned nominally
rus, who seized upon the crown. Antiochus, for two years. (B. C. 164–162. ) Lysias assumed
however, with the assistance of Attalus easily the guardianship of the young king, though An-
expelled the usurper, and ascended the throne in tiochus IV. had appointed Philip to this office.
the same year. (B. C. 175. ) Demetrius remained Lysias, accompanied by the young king, continued
at Rome.
the war against the Jews, and laid siege to Jeru-
Cleopatra, the sister of Antiochus, who had salem; but hearing that Philip was marching
been betrothed to Ptolemy Epiphanes, was now against him from Persis
, he concluded a peace
dead, and Antiochus therefore claimed the pro- with the Jews. He then proceeded against Philip,
vinces of Coele-Syria and Palestine, which had whom he conquered and put to death. The Ro-
been given as her dowry. As the Romans were mans, availing themselves of the distracted state of
at this time engaged in a war with Perseus, king Syria, sent an embassy to enforce the terms of the
of Macedonia, Antiochus thought it a favourable peace which had been concluded with Antiochus
opportunity to prosecute his claims, and accord the Great; but an insurrection was excited in con-
ingly declared war against Egypt. In four cam- sequence of these commands, in which Octavius,
paigns (B. c. 171–168), he not only obtained the chief of the embassy, was slain. About the
possession of the countries to which he laid claim, same time Demetrius Soter, the son of Seleucus
but almost completed the conquest of Egypt, and Philopator, who had remained in Rome up to this
was preparing to lay siege to Alexandria, when a time (see ANTIOCHUS IV. ], appeared in Syria and
Roman embassy commanded him to retire from laid claim to the throne. Lysias and the young
the country. This command he thought it most king fell into his hands, and were immediately put
prudent to obey, but he still retained possession of to death by him, B. c. 162. (Polyb. xxxi. 12, 19;
Coele-Syria and Palestine. The cruelties which Appian, Syr. 46, 66; Joseph. Ant. xii. 10; 1 Mac-
Antiochus perpetrated against the Jews during cab. vi. , &c. ; 2 Maccab. xiii. , &c. ; Cic. Phil
. ix. 2. )
this war, are recorded in the books of the Macca- A pollo is represented on the reverse of the annexed
bees, and have rendered his name infamous. He coin, as in those of Antiochus I. and III. The in-
took Jerusalem on his return from his second scription at the foot, EYNIATOPOS, is partly cut off.
campaign into Egypt (B. C. 170), and again at the
end of the fourth campaign (B. C. 168), and en-
deavoured to root out the Jewish religion and
introduce the worship of the Greek divinities; but
this attempt led to a rising of the Jewish people,
under Mattathias and his heroic sons the Macca-
bees, which Antiochus was unable to put down.
Lysias, who was sent against them with a large
army, was defeated ; and Antiochus, who was in
the eastern provinces at the time, hastened his re-
turn in order to avenge the disgrace which had
befallen his arms. On his return he attempted to
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS V.
plunder a temple in Elymais, probably the same as ANTI'OCHUS V1. ('Artloxos), king of Syria,
his father had attacked, but was repulsed, and surnamed THEOS (eds), and on coins Epiphanes
shortly afterwards died at Tabae in Persia, in a Dionysus ('Eribavns Sióvvoos), was the son of
state of raving madness, which the Jews and Alexander Balas, king of Syria (see p. 114, b. ),
Greeks equally attributed to his sacrilegious crimes. and remained in Arabia after his father's death in
His subjects gave him the name of Epimanes B. C. 146. Two years afterwards (B. C. 144),
("Ertuavhs) in parody of Epiphanes ('Eriparís). while he was still a youth, he was brought forward
as a claimant to the crown against Demetrius
Nicator by Tryphon, or Diodotus, who had been
one of his father's chief ministers. Tryphon met
with great success; Jonathan and Simon, the
leaders of the Jews, joined his party; and Antio
chus was acknowledged as king by the greater
part of Syria. But Tryphon, who had all along
intended to secure the royal power for himself, and
had brought forward Antiochus only for this pur-
pose, now put the young prince to death and
ascended the throne, B. c. 142. (1 Maccab. xi. ,
&c. ; Joseph. Antiq. xiii. 6, &c. ; Strab. xvi. p.
COIN OP ANTIOCHUS IV,
752; Justin, xxxvi. 1; Liv. Epit. 55. ) The re-
ANTIS
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ
EU4ANOY
## p. 199 (#219) ############################################
ANTIOCHUS.
199
ANTIOCHUS.
BAZIRIQ
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VI.
zerse of the annexed coin represents the Dioscuri remained in her hands. (B. C. 125. ) At this time
riding on horseback, and has upon it the year OP, the greater part of Syria was in the power of the
that is, the 170th year of the Seleucidae. (Eckhel, usurper Alexander Zebina (see p. 127, b. ); but
iii. p. 231, &c. )
Antiochus, with the assistance of Ptolemy Physcon,
the king of Egypt, whose daughter he married,
conquered Alexander and became master of the
whole of Syria. Cleopatra then became jealous of
him and plotted against his life; but her son com-
pelled her to drink the poison she had prepared
for him. (B. C. 120. ) For the next eight years
Antiochus reigned in peace; but at the end of that
time his half-brother, Antiochus Cyzicenus, the
Cat AROTE
son of Antiochus Sidetes and their common mother
ATOMYŠOY
Cleopatra, laid claim to the crown, and a civil war
ensued. (B. c. 112. ) The remaining history of the
Seleucidae till Syria became a Roman province, is
hardly anything else but a series of civil wars be-
ANTI'OCHUS VII. (Avrloxos), king of Sr-tween the princes of the royal family. In the first
RIA, surnamed SIDETES (Eldørns), from Side in year of the struggle (B. c. 112), Antiochus Cyzi-
Pamphylia, where he was brought up, (and not cenus became master of almost the whole of Syria,
from a Syriac word signifying a hunter,) and on but in the next year (B. c. 111), A. Grypus re-
coins Energetes (Evepyétns), was the younger son gained a considerable part of his dominions ; and
of Demetrius Soter, and obtained possession of the it was then agreed that the kingdom should be
throne in B. c. 137, after conquering Tryphon, who shared between them, A. Cyzicenus having Coele-
had held the sovereignty since the murder of Syria and Phoenicia, and A. Grypus the remainder
Antiochus VI. He married Cleopatra, the wife of the provinces. This arrangement lasted, though
of his elder brother Demetrius Nicator, who was a with frequent wars between the two kings, till the
prisoner in the hand of the Parthians. He carried death of Antiochus Grypus, who was assassinated
on war against the Jews, and took Jerusalem by Heracleon in B. c. 96, after a reign of twenty-
after almost a year's siege, in B. C. 133. He then nine years. He left five sons, Seleucus, Philip,
granted them a peace on favourable terms, and Antiochus Epiphanes, Demetrius Eucaerus, and
next directed his arms against the Parthians. At Antiochus Dionysus. (Justin, xxxix. 1-3; Liv.
first he met with success, but was afterwards de Epit. 60; Appian, Syr. 69; Joseph. Antiq. xiii.
feated by the Parthian king, and lost his life in 13; Athen. xii. p. 540. ). Many of the coins of
the battle, after a reign of nine years. (B. c. 128. ) Antiochus Grypus have the head of Antiochus on
llis son Seleucus was taken prisoner in the same one side, and that of his mother Cleopatra on the
battle. Antiochus, like many of his predecessors, other. The one annexed must have been struck
was passionately devoted to the pleasures of the after his mother's death. (Eckhel, iii. p. 238, &c. )
table. He had three sons and two daughters, the
larter of whom both bore the name of Laodice,
His sons were Antiochus, Seleucus, and Antiochus
(Cyzicenus), the last of whom subsequently suc-
ceeded to the throne. (Joseph. Ant. xiii. 8; 1
Maccab. xv. , &c. ; Justin, xxxvi. 1, xxxviii. 10;
Diod. xxxiv. Ecl. 1; Athen. X. p. 439, xii. p. 540. )
The reverse of the annexed coin represents Athena
bolding a small figure of Victory in her right hand.
(Eckhel, iii. p. 235, &c.
)
PANY
AoXoLNY
BATIALA
ANTIOXAS
BACIAORE
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIIL
ANTIOCHUS IX. ('Avtíoxos), king of SYRIA
surnamed CYZICENUS(Kufiknyós) from Cyzicus,
where he was brought up, and on coins Philopator
(PINOTÁTWp), reigned over Coele-Syria and Phoe
nicia from B. c. Ìll to 96, as is stated in the pre-
ceding article. On the death of his brother, Anti-
ochus VIII. , he attempted to obtain possession of
Simone
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS VIL
ANTI'OCHUS VIII. ('Artloxos), king of Sy-
RIA, surnamed GRYPUS (Tpuros), or Hook-
nosed, from ypúy, a vnlture, and on coins Epiphanes
('Erripávns), was the second son of Demetrius
Nicator and Cleopatra. His eldest brother Seleu-
cus was put to death by their mother Cleopatra,
because he wished to have the power, and not
merely the title, of king; and Antiochus was after
his brother's death recalled from Athens, where he
was studying, by his mother Cleopatra, that he might
bear the title of king, while the real sovereignty
PAS TTATURE
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS IX,
## p. 200 (#220) ############################################
200
ANTIOCHUS.
ANTIOPE.
Aarinivy
KYN, VI
the whole of Syria ; but his claims were resisted by the youngest son of Antiochus VIII. , assumed the
Seleucus, the eldest son of Antiochus VIII. , by whom title of king after his brother Demetrius had been
he was killed in battle, B. c. 95. He left behind taken prisoner by the Parthians. He fell in battle
him a son, Antiochus Eusebes, who succeeded to against Aretas, king of the Arabians. (Joseph.
the throne. (Justin, Appian, Joseph. U. cc. ; Eck- Ant. xüi. 15. $ 1; Eckhel, iii. p. 246, &c. )
hel, iii. p. 241, &c. ) The reverse of the foregoing
coin is the same as that of Antiochus VII.
ANTI'OCHUS X. ('Avrloxos), king of SYRIA,
surnamed EUSEBES (Eugéens), and on coins.
Philopator (Plomátwp) also, succeeded to the
throne on the death of his father Antiochus IX.
B. c. 95. He defeated Seleucus, who conquered
his father, and compelled him to fly into Cilicia,
where he perished ; but he then had to contend
with the next two brothers of Seleucus, Philip and
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS XII.
Antiochus Epiphanes, the latter of whom assumed ANTIOCHUS XIII. , king of Syria, sur-
the title of king, and is known as the eleventh named ASIATICUS ('AQUATIRÓS), and on coins
king of Syria of this name. In a battle fought Dionysus Philopator Callinicus (Acorvoos oido-
near the Orontes, Antiochus X. defeated Philip rátwp Karrivikos), was the son of Antiochus X.
and Antiochus XI. , and the latter was drowned in and Seiene, an Egyptian princess. He repaired to
the river. The crown was now assunied by Philip, Rome during the time that Tigranes had posses-
who continued to prosecute the war assisted by his sion of Syria, and passed through Syria on his re-
brother, Demetrius Eucaerus. The Syrians, worn turn during the government of Verres. (B. c. 73-71. )
out with these civil broils, offered the kingdom to On the defeat of Tigranes in B. C. 69, Lucullus
Tigranes, king of Annenia, who accordingly took allowed Antiochus Asiaticus to take possession of
possession of Syria in B. c. 83, and ruled over it the kingdom; but he was deprived of it in B. c. 65
till he was defeated by Lucullus in B. c. 69. The by Pompey, who reduced Sicily to a Roman pro-
time of the death of Antiochus X. is uncertain. vince. In this year the Seleucidae ceased to reign.
He appears, however, to have fallen in battle (Appian, Syr. 49, 70; Cic. in Verr. iv. 27, 28, 30 ;
against the Parthians, before Tigranes obtained Justin, xl. 2. ) Some writers suppose, that Antio-
possession of Syria. (Joseph. Antiq. xi. 13. & 4. ) chus Asiaticus afterwards reigned as king of Com-
According to some accounts he survived the reign magene, but there are not sufficient reasons to sup-
of Tigranes, and returned to his kingdom after the port this opinion. [ANTIOCHUS I. , king of Com-
conquest of the latter by Lucullus (Euseb. p. 192; | magene. ]
Justin, xl. 2); but these accounts ascribe to Anti-
ochus X. what belongs to his son Antiochus XIII.
(See Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. pp. 338, 340. ) Jupiter
is represented on the reverse of the annexed coin
as in that of Antiochus IV.
KAMATNIK
34. TATOP
RAMAS
COIN OP ANTIOCHUS XII.
For the history and chronology of the Syrian
kings in general, see Fröhlich, Annales Syriae, &c. ;
Vaillant, Seleucidarum Imperium, &c. ; Niebuhr,
Kleine Schriften, Historischer Gewinn aus der
armenischen Uebersetzung der Chronik des Eusebius;
Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. Appendix, c. 3.
COIN OP ANTIOCHUS X.
ANTION ('Artiwv), a son of Periphas and
ANTI'OCHUS XI. ('Avrloxos), king of SYRIA, Astyageia, and husband of Perimela, by whom he
burnamed EPIPHANES ('Emipávns), was the son became the father of Ixion. (Diod. iv. 69; Schol.
of Antiochus VIII. , and is spoken of under An- ad Pind. Pyth. ii. 39. )
[L. S. ]
ANTIΌPE ('Αντιόπη). 1. A daughter of
TIOCHUS X.
Nycteus and Polyxo (A pollod. iii. 5. § 5, 10. § 1),
or of the river god Asopus in Boeotia (Odyss. xi.
260; Apollon. Rhod. i. 735. ) She became by
Zeus the mother of Amphion and Zethus. [AM-
PHION. ] Dionysus threw her into a state of mad-
ness on account of the vengeance which her sons
had taken on Dirce. In this condition she wan-
dered about through Greece, until Phocus, the
grandson of Sisyphus, cured and married her. She
was buried with Phocus in one common tomb.
(Paus. ix. 17. $ 4. )
2. An Amazon, a sister of Hippolyte, who mar-
COIN OF ANTIOCHUS XI.
ried Theseus. (Paus. i. 2. § 1, 41. 8 7. ) Accord-
ANTIOCHUS XII. ('Avrloxos), king of Syria, ing to Servius (ad Aen. xi. 661), she was a daughter
surnamed DIONYSUS (Alóvuoos), and on coins of Hippolyte. Diodorus (iv. 16) states, that The.
Philopator Callinicus (oilomátwp Kativikos) also, I seus received her as a present from Heracles,
PRAES
## p. 201 (#221) ############################################
ANTIPATER.
201
ANTIPATER.
When subscquently Attica was invaded by the from jcalousy or from the necessity of guarding
Amazons, Antiope fought with Theseus against against the evil consequences of the dissensions
them, and died the death of a heroine by his side. between Olympias and Antipater, the latter was
(Comp. Diod. ir. 28; Plut. Thos. 26, 27. ) AC- ordered to lead into Asja the fresh troops required
cording to Hyginus (Fab. 241) Antiope was a by the king, B. C. 324, while Craterus, under whom
daughter of Arcs, and was killed by Theseus him the discharged veterans were sent home, was ap-
self in consequence of an oracle.
pointed to the regency in Macedonia. (Arr. vii.
3. A daughter of Pylon or Pylaon, was married p. 155; Pseudo-Curt. x. 4. $ 9, &c. ; Just. xii. 12. )
to Eurytus, by whom she became the mother of The story which ascribes the death of Alexander,
the Argonauts Iphitus and Clytius. She is also B. C. 323, to poison, and implicates Antipater and
called Antioche. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 86; Hygin. even Aristotle in the plot, is perhaps sufficiently
Fab. 14, with Muncker's note. )
refuted by its own intrinsic absurdity, and is set
4. A daughter of Aeolus, by whom Poseidon aside as false by Arrian and Plutarch. (Diod. xvii.
hegot Boeotus and Hellen. (Hygin. Fab. 157; 118; Paus. viii. 18; Tac. Ann. ii. 73; Curt. x. 10.
