)
third Mithridatic war.
third Mithridatic war.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
Hell.
ii.
2.
ceeded to his destination.
(Thuc.
vi.
3; Plut.
$ 15), by a strange anachronism, identifies this Amat. Narr. p. 772; Diod. Exc. ii. p. 288; Paus.
Archestratus with the one mentioned immediately v. 7. $ 2; Strabo, vi. pp. 262, 269; Steph. Byz.
above.
(E. E. ) s. v. Syracus. ; Schol. ad Arist. Eq. 1089. See
ARCHE'STRATUS ('Apxéotpatos). 1. Of also Clinton, F. H. B. c. 734, and vol. ii
. pp. 264,
Gela or Syracuse (Athen. i. p. 4, d), but more | 265 ; Muller's Dor. i. 6. S 7. ) (A. H. C. )
usually described as a native of Gela, appears to ARCHIAS ('Apxías). 1. A Spartan, who fell
Lave lived about the time of the younger Dio- bravely in the Lacedaemonian attack upon Samos
nysius. He travelled through various countries in in B. c. 525. Herodotus saw at Pitana in Laconia
order to become accurately acquainted with every his grandson Archias. (Herod. iii. 55. )
thing which could be used for the table ; and gave 2. Of Thurii, originally an actor, was sent in
the results of his researches. in an Epic poem on B. C. 322, after the battle of Cranon, to apprehend
the Art of Cookery, which was celebrated in an- the orators whom Antipater had demanded of the
## p. 266 (#286) ############################################
266
ARCHIAS.
ARCHIDAMUS.
Athenians, and who had fied from Athens. lle was praetor this year. (Schol. Bob. p. 354, ed.
seized Hyperides and others in the sanctuary of Orelli. ) Cicero plended his cause in the speech by
Aeacus in Aegina, and transported them to Cleo which the name of Archias has been preserved.
nae in Argolis, where they were executed. He “If he had no legal righi, yet the man who stood
also apprehended Demosthenes in the temple of so high as an author, whose talent had been em-
Poseidon in Calaureia. Archias, who was nick- ployed in celebrating Lucullus, Marius, and him-
named pinyadoonpas, the bunter of the exiles, self, might well deserve to be a Roman citizen.
ended his life in great poverty and disgrace. (Plut. The register certainly, of Heraclea, in which his
Dem. 28, 29, Vit. X. Orat. p. 849 ; Arrian, ap. name was enrolled, had been destroyed by fire in
Phot. p. 69, b. 41, ed. Bekker. )
the Marsian war; but their ambassadors and L.
3. The governor of Cyprus under Ptolemy, re- Lucullus bore witness that he was enrolled there.
ceived a bribe in order to betray the island to He had settled in Rome many years before be be-
Demetrius, B. c. 155, but being detected he hanged came citizen, had given the usual notice before
himself. (Polyb. xxxiii. 3. )
Q. Metelius Pius, and if his property had never
4. An Alexandrine grammarian, probably lived been enrolled in the censor's register, it was be-
about the time of Augustus, as he was the teacher cause of his absence with Lucullus—and that was
of Epaphroditus. (Suidas, s. v. 'Enaopó81705 ; after all no proof of citizenship. He had made
Villoison, Proleg. ad Apoll. Lex. Horn. p. xx. ) wills, had been an heir (comp. Dict. of Ant. s. r.
A'RCHIAS, A. LICI'NIUS, a Greek poet, Testamentum. Heres), and his name was on the
born at Antioch in Syria, about B. c. 120. His civil list. But, after all, his chief claim was his
name is known chiefly from the speech of Cicero * talent, and the cause to which he had applied it. "
in his defence, which is the only source of inform- If we may believe Cicero (c. 8) and Quintilian
ation about him, and must therefore be very ques (x. 7. & 19), Archias had the gift of making good
tionable evidence of his talent, considering that the extempore verses in great numbers, and was re-
verses of Archias had been employed in celebrating markable for the richness of his language and his
the part which that orator played in the conspiracy varied range of thought.
(C. T. A)
of Catiline. He was on intimate terms with many ARCHI'BIUS ('Apx. bios). 1. An Alexandrine
of the first families in Rome, particularly with the grammarian, the son or father of the grammarian
Licinii, whose name he adopted. His reception Apollonius (APOLLONIUS, No. 5, p. 238), wrote an
during a journey through Asia Minor and Greece interpretation of the Epigrams of Callimachus.
(pro Arch. c. 3), and afterwards in Grecian Italy, (Suidas, s. r. )
where Tarentum, Rhegium, Naples, and Locri en- 2. Of Leucas or Alexandria, a grammarian, who
rolled him on their registers, shews that his repu- taught at Rome in the time of Trajan. (Suid. s. r. )
tation was, at least at that time, considerable. In ARCHI'BIUS ('Apxiblos), a Greek surgeon, of
B. C. 102 he came to Rome, still young (though not whom no particulars are known, but who must
so young as the expression - praetextatus” (c. 3) have lived in or before the first century after
literally explained would lead us to suppose ; comp. Christ, as he is quoted by Heliodorus (in Cocchi's
Clinton, F. H. iii. p. 542), and was received in the Graecor. Chirurg. Libri, ģc. , Flor. 1754, fol. p. 96)
most friendly way by Lucullus (ad Att. i. 16. 9), and Galen. (De Antid. ii. 10, vol. xiv. p. 159 ; De
Marius, then consul, Hortensius the father, Metel-Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 14, vol. xii. p. 849. )
lus Pius, Q. Catulus, and Cicero. After a short Pliny mentions (H. N. xvii. 70) a person of the
stay, he accompanied Luculus to Sicily, and fol- same name who wrote a foolish and superstitious
lowed him, in the banishment to which he was letter to Antiochus, king of Syria; but it is un-
sentenced for his management of the slave war in certain which king is meant, nor is it known that
that island, to Heraclea in Lucania, in which town, this Archibius was a physician. (W. A. G. )
as being a confederate town and having more pri- ARCHIDAMEIA ('Apxidduera). 1. The
vileges than Tarentum, he was enrolled as a citizen. priestess of Demeter, who, through love of Aristo-
He was in the suite of L. Lucullus,--in Asia under menes, set him at liberty when he had been taken
Sulla, again in B. C. 76 in Africa, and again in the prisoner. (Paus. iv. 17. $ 1.
)
third Mithridatic war. As he had sung the Cim- 2. The grandmother of Agis IV. , was put to
bric war in honour of Marius, so now he wrote a death, together with her grandson, in B. C. 240.
poem on this war, which he had witnessed (c. 9), (Plut. Agis, 4, 20. )
in honour of Lucullus. We do not hear whether 3. A Spartan woman, who distinguished herself
he finished his poem in honour of Cicero's consul- by her heroic spirit when Sparta was nearly taken
ship (c. 11); in B. C. 61, when he was already old, by Pyrrhus in B. c. 272, and opposed the plan
he had not begun it (ad Att. i. 16); or whether which had been entertained of sending the women
he ever published his intended Caeciliana, in ho to Crete. Plutarch (Pyrrh. 27). calls her 'Apx
nour of Metellus Pius. He wrote many epigrams: daula, but Polyaenus (viii. 49) Apxidamus. The
it is still disputed, whether any of those preserved latter writer calls her the daughter of king Cleadas
under his name in the Anthologia were really his | (Cleomenes? ).
writings. (Comp. Ilgen, Opuscula, ii. p. 46; Clin- ARCHIDA'MUS I. (Apxidanos), king of
ton, iii. p. 452, note k. ) These are all of little Sparta, 12th of the Eurypontids, son of Anaxi-
merit. In B. C. 61, a charge was brought against damus, contemporary with the Tegeatan war, which
him, probably at the instigation of a party opposed followed soon after the end of the second Mes-
to his patrons, of assuming the citizenship ille senian, in B. C. 668. (Paus. iii. 7. $ 6, comp. 3.
gally, and the trial came on before Q. Cicero, who $ 5. )
(A. H. C. )
ARCHIDAMUS II. , king of Sparta, 17th of
Schroeter has attacked the genuineness of this the Eurypontids, son of Zeuxidamus, succeeded to
oration (Oratio quae vulgo fertur pro Archia, &c. , the throne on the banishment of his grandfather
Lips. 1818), which is however as fully established Leotychides, B. C. 469. In the 4th or perhaps
as that of any other of Cicero's speeches.
rather the 5th year of his reign, his kingdom was
## p. 267 (#287) ############################################
ARCHIDAMUS.
267
ARCHIIDAMUS.
B. C.
pirited by the tremendous calamity of the great | the weak affection of Agesilaus, from the punish-
!
earthquake, by which all Laconia was shaken, and ment which his unwarrantable invasion of Attica
Sparta made a heap of ruins. On this occasion had deserved, B. C. 378. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. $S 25–
his presence of mind is said to have saved his per- 33 ; Diod. xv. 29; Plut. Ages. c. 25; comp. Plut.
ple. Foreseeing the danger from the Helots, he Pel. c. 14. ) In B. C. 371, he was sent, in conso-
summoned, by sounding an alarm, the scattered quence of the illness of Agesilaus (Xen. Hell. v. 4.
surviving Spartans, and collected them around him, $ 58; Plut. Ages. c. 27), to succour the defeated
apparently at a distance from the ruins, in a body Spartans at Leuctra ; but Jason of Pherae had al-
sufficient to deter the assailants. To him, too, ready mediated between them and the Thebans,
rather than to Nicomedes, the guardian of his col- and Archidamus, meeting his countrymen on their
league, Pleistöanax, (Pleistarchus was probably return at Aegosthena in Megara, dismissed the
dead,) would be committed the conduct of the allies, and led the Spartans home. (Xen. Hell. vi.
contest with the revolted Messenians, which oc- 4. SS 17—26; comp. Diod. xv. 54, 55; Wess. ad
cupies this and the following nine years. In the loc. ; Thirlwalls Greece, vol. v. p. 78, note. ) In
expeditions to Delphi and to Doris, and the hos 367, with the aid of the auxiliaries furnished by
tilities with Athens down to the 30 years' truce, Dionysius I. of Syracuse, he defeated the Arcadians
his name is not mentioned ; though in the discus and Argives in what has been called the “Tearless
sion at Sparta before the final dissolution of that Battle," from the statement in his despatches, that
truce he comes forward as one who has aad expe- he had won it without losing a man (Xen. Hell.
rience of many wars.
Of the Peloponnesian war vii. 1. § 28; Plut. Ages. c. 33; Polyaen. i. 45;
itself we find the first 10 years sometimes styled Diod. xv. 72); and to the next year, 366, must be
the Archidamian war ; the share, however, taken assigned the “ Archidamus" of Isocrates, written
in it by Archidamus was no more than the com- perhaps to be delivered by the prince in the Spar-
mand of the first two expeditions into Attica; in tan senate, to encourage his country in her resolu-
the 3rd year, of the investment of Plataea ; and tion of maintaining her claim to Messenia, when
again of the third expedition in the 4th year, 428 Corinth had made, with Sparta's consent, a separate
In 427 Cleomenes commanded ; in 426 peace with Thebes. (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. & 9. ) In
Agis, son and now successor of Archidamus. His 364, he was again sent against Arcadia, then at
death must therefore be placed before the beginning war with Flis (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. § 20, &c. ; Just.
of this, though probably after the beginning of that vi. 5); and in 362, having been left at home 10
under Cleomenes; for had Agis already succeeded, protect Sparta while Agesilaus went to join the
be, most likely, and not Cleomenes, would have allies at Mantineia, he baffled the attempt of Epa-
commanded ; in the 42nd year, therefore, of his minondas on the city. (Xen. Hell. vii. 5. $ 9, &c. ;
reign, B. c. 427. His views of this momentous Diod. xv. 82,83; Plut. A ges. c. 34; Isocr. Ep. ad Arch.
struggle, as represented by Thucydides, seem to $ 5. ) He succeeded his father on the throne in 361.
justify the character that historian gives him In 356, we find him privately furnishing Philomelus,
of intelligence and temperance. His just estimate the Phocian, with fifteen talents, to aid him in his
of the comparative strength of the parties, and resistance to the Amphictyonic decree and his
his reluctance to enter without preparation on seizure of Delphi, whence arose the sacred war.
a contest involving so much, deserve our admira- (Diod. xvi. 24; Just. viii. 1; comp. Paus. iv. 4 ;
tion; though in his actual conduct of it he may Theopomp. ap. Paus. iii. 10. ) In 352, occurred
seem to bave somewhat wasted Lacedaemon's the war of Sparta against Megalopolis with a view
moral superiority. The opening of the siege of to the dissolution (S. OLKLO MOS) of that community;
Plataea displays something of the same deliberate and Archidamus was appointed to the command,
character; the proposal to take the town and ter- and gained some successes, though the enterprise
ritory in trust, however we may question the pro- did not ultimately succeed. (Diod. xvi. 39; Paus.
bable result, seems to breathe his just and temperate viii. 27 ; Demosth. pro Megal. ; comp. Aristot. Po-
spirit. He may at any rate be safely excluded lit. v. 10, ed. Bekk. ) In the last year of the sacred
from all responsibility for the cruel treatment of war, 346, we find Archidamus marching into Pho-
the besieged, on their surrender in the year of his cis at the head of 1000 men. According to Dio-
death. We may regard him as the happiest in- dorus (xvi. 59), the Phocians had applied for aid
stance of an accommodation of the Spartan character to Sparta, but this seems questionable from what
to altered circumstances, and his death as a mis | Aeschines (de Fals. Leg. p. 45) reports as the ad-
fortune to Sparta, the same in kind though not in ) vice of the Phocian leaders to Archidamus, “to
degree as that of Pericles was to Athens, with alarm himself about the dangers of Sparta rather
whom he was connected by ties of hospitality and than of Phocis. ” Demosthenes (de Fuls. Leg. p. 365)
whom in some points he seems to have resembled. hints at a private understanding between Philip
He left two sons and one daughter, Agis by his and the Spartans, and at some treachers of his to-
first wife, Lampito or Lampido, his father's half-wards them. Whether however on this account,
sister ; Agesilaus by a second, named Eupolia (ap- or as being distrusted by Phalaecus (Aesch. de Fuls.
parently the woman of small stature whom the Leg. p. 46), or as finding it impossible to effect
Ephors fined him for marrying), and Cynisca, the anything on behalf of the Phocians, Arcbidamus,
only woman, we are told, who carried off an Olympic on the arrival of Philip, withdrew his forces and
victory. (Thuc.
$ 15), by a strange anachronism, identifies this Amat. Narr. p. 772; Diod. Exc. ii. p. 288; Paus.
Archestratus with the one mentioned immediately v. 7. $ 2; Strabo, vi. pp. 262, 269; Steph. Byz.
above.
(E. E. ) s. v. Syracus. ; Schol. ad Arist. Eq. 1089. See
ARCHE'STRATUS ('Apxéotpatos). 1. Of also Clinton, F. H. B. c. 734, and vol. ii
. pp. 264,
Gela or Syracuse (Athen. i. p. 4, d), but more | 265 ; Muller's Dor. i. 6. S 7. ) (A. H. C. )
usually described as a native of Gela, appears to ARCHIAS ('Apxías). 1. A Spartan, who fell
Lave lived about the time of the younger Dio- bravely in the Lacedaemonian attack upon Samos
nysius. He travelled through various countries in in B. c. 525. Herodotus saw at Pitana in Laconia
order to become accurately acquainted with every his grandson Archias. (Herod. iii. 55. )
thing which could be used for the table ; and gave 2. Of Thurii, originally an actor, was sent in
the results of his researches. in an Epic poem on B. C. 322, after the battle of Cranon, to apprehend
the Art of Cookery, which was celebrated in an- the orators whom Antipater had demanded of the
## p. 266 (#286) ############################################
266
ARCHIAS.
ARCHIDAMUS.
Athenians, and who had fied from Athens. lle was praetor this year. (Schol. Bob. p. 354, ed.
seized Hyperides and others in the sanctuary of Orelli. ) Cicero plended his cause in the speech by
Aeacus in Aegina, and transported them to Cleo which the name of Archias has been preserved.
nae in Argolis, where they were executed. He “If he had no legal righi, yet the man who stood
also apprehended Demosthenes in the temple of so high as an author, whose talent had been em-
Poseidon in Calaureia. Archias, who was nick- ployed in celebrating Lucullus, Marius, and him-
named pinyadoonpas, the bunter of the exiles, self, might well deserve to be a Roman citizen.
ended his life in great poverty and disgrace. (Plut. The register certainly, of Heraclea, in which his
Dem. 28, 29, Vit. X. Orat. p. 849 ; Arrian, ap. name was enrolled, had been destroyed by fire in
Phot. p. 69, b. 41, ed. Bekker. )
the Marsian war; but their ambassadors and L.
3. The governor of Cyprus under Ptolemy, re- Lucullus bore witness that he was enrolled there.
ceived a bribe in order to betray the island to He had settled in Rome many years before be be-
Demetrius, B. c. 155, but being detected he hanged came citizen, had given the usual notice before
himself. (Polyb. xxxiii. 3. )
Q. Metelius Pius, and if his property had never
4. An Alexandrine grammarian, probably lived been enrolled in the censor's register, it was be-
about the time of Augustus, as he was the teacher cause of his absence with Lucullus—and that was
of Epaphroditus. (Suidas, s. v. 'Enaopó81705 ; after all no proof of citizenship. He had made
Villoison, Proleg. ad Apoll. Lex. Horn. p. xx. ) wills, had been an heir (comp. Dict. of Ant. s. r.
A'RCHIAS, A. LICI'NIUS, a Greek poet, Testamentum. Heres), and his name was on the
born at Antioch in Syria, about B. c. 120. His civil list. But, after all, his chief claim was his
name is known chiefly from the speech of Cicero * talent, and the cause to which he had applied it. "
in his defence, which is the only source of inform- If we may believe Cicero (c. 8) and Quintilian
ation about him, and must therefore be very ques (x. 7. & 19), Archias had the gift of making good
tionable evidence of his talent, considering that the extempore verses in great numbers, and was re-
verses of Archias had been employed in celebrating markable for the richness of his language and his
the part which that orator played in the conspiracy varied range of thought.
(C. T. A)
of Catiline. He was on intimate terms with many ARCHI'BIUS ('Apx. bios). 1. An Alexandrine
of the first families in Rome, particularly with the grammarian, the son or father of the grammarian
Licinii, whose name he adopted. His reception Apollonius (APOLLONIUS, No. 5, p. 238), wrote an
during a journey through Asia Minor and Greece interpretation of the Epigrams of Callimachus.
(pro Arch. c. 3), and afterwards in Grecian Italy, (Suidas, s. r. )
where Tarentum, Rhegium, Naples, and Locri en- 2. Of Leucas or Alexandria, a grammarian, who
rolled him on their registers, shews that his repu- taught at Rome in the time of Trajan. (Suid. s. r. )
tation was, at least at that time, considerable. In ARCHI'BIUS ('Apxiblos), a Greek surgeon, of
B. C. 102 he came to Rome, still young (though not whom no particulars are known, but who must
so young as the expression - praetextatus” (c. 3) have lived in or before the first century after
literally explained would lead us to suppose ; comp. Christ, as he is quoted by Heliodorus (in Cocchi's
Clinton, F. H. iii. p. 542), and was received in the Graecor. Chirurg. Libri, ģc. , Flor. 1754, fol. p. 96)
most friendly way by Lucullus (ad Att. i. 16. 9), and Galen. (De Antid. ii. 10, vol. xiv. p. 159 ; De
Marius, then consul, Hortensius the father, Metel-Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 14, vol. xii. p. 849. )
lus Pius, Q. Catulus, and Cicero. After a short Pliny mentions (H. N. xvii. 70) a person of the
stay, he accompanied Luculus to Sicily, and fol- same name who wrote a foolish and superstitious
lowed him, in the banishment to which he was letter to Antiochus, king of Syria; but it is un-
sentenced for his management of the slave war in certain which king is meant, nor is it known that
that island, to Heraclea in Lucania, in which town, this Archibius was a physician. (W. A. G. )
as being a confederate town and having more pri- ARCHIDAMEIA ('Apxidduera). 1. The
vileges than Tarentum, he was enrolled as a citizen. priestess of Demeter, who, through love of Aristo-
He was in the suite of L. Lucullus,--in Asia under menes, set him at liberty when he had been taken
Sulla, again in B. C. 76 in Africa, and again in the prisoner. (Paus. iv. 17. $ 1.
)
third Mithridatic war. As he had sung the Cim- 2. The grandmother of Agis IV. , was put to
bric war in honour of Marius, so now he wrote a death, together with her grandson, in B. C. 240.
poem on this war, which he had witnessed (c. 9), (Plut. Agis, 4, 20. )
in honour of Lucullus. We do not hear whether 3. A Spartan woman, who distinguished herself
he finished his poem in honour of Cicero's consul- by her heroic spirit when Sparta was nearly taken
ship (c. 11); in B. C. 61, when he was already old, by Pyrrhus in B. c. 272, and opposed the plan
he had not begun it (ad Att. i. 16); or whether which had been entertained of sending the women
he ever published his intended Caeciliana, in ho to Crete. Plutarch (Pyrrh. 27). calls her 'Apx
nour of Metellus Pius. He wrote many epigrams: daula, but Polyaenus (viii. 49) Apxidamus. The
it is still disputed, whether any of those preserved latter writer calls her the daughter of king Cleadas
under his name in the Anthologia were really his | (Cleomenes? ).
writings. (Comp. Ilgen, Opuscula, ii. p. 46; Clin- ARCHIDA'MUS I. (Apxidanos), king of
ton, iii. p. 452, note k. ) These are all of little Sparta, 12th of the Eurypontids, son of Anaxi-
merit. In B. C. 61, a charge was brought against damus, contemporary with the Tegeatan war, which
him, probably at the instigation of a party opposed followed soon after the end of the second Mes-
to his patrons, of assuming the citizenship ille senian, in B. C. 668. (Paus. iii. 7. $ 6, comp. 3.
gally, and the trial came on before Q. Cicero, who $ 5. )
(A. H. C. )
ARCHIDAMUS II. , king of Sparta, 17th of
Schroeter has attacked the genuineness of this the Eurypontids, son of Zeuxidamus, succeeded to
oration (Oratio quae vulgo fertur pro Archia, &c. , the throne on the banishment of his grandfather
Lips. 1818), which is however as fully established Leotychides, B. C. 469. In the 4th or perhaps
as that of any other of Cicero's speeches.
rather the 5th year of his reign, his kingdom was
## p. 267 (#287) ############################################
ARCHIDAMUS.
267
ARCHIIDAMUS.
B. C.
pirited by the tremendous calamity of the great | the weak affection of Agesilaus, from the punish-
!
earthquake, by which all Laconia was shaken, and ment which his unwarrantable invasion of Attica
Sparta made a heap of ruins. On this occasion had deserved, B. C. 378. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. $S 25–
his presence of mind is said to have saved his per- 33 ; Diod. xv. 29; Plut. Ages. c. 25; comp. Plut.
ple. Foreseeing the danger from the Helots, he Pel. c. 14. ) In B. C. 371, he was sent, in conso-
summoned, by sounding an alarm, the scattered quence of the illness of Agesilaus (Xen. Hell. v. 4.
surviving Spartans, and collected them around him, $ 58; Plut. Ages. c. 27), to succour the defeated
apparently at a distance from the ruins, in a body Spartans at Leuctra ; but Jason of Pherae had al-
sufficient to deter the assailants. To him, too, ready mediated between them and the Thebans,
rather than to Nicomedes, the guardian of his col- and Archidamus, meeting his countrymen on their
league, Pleistöanax, (Pleistarchus was probably return at Aegosthena in Megara, dismissed the
dead,) would be committed the conduct of the allies, and led the Spartans home. (Xen. Hell. vi.
contest with the revolted Messenians, which oc- 4. SS 17—26; comp. Diod. xv. 54, 55; Wess. ad
cupies this and the following nine years. In the loc. ; Thirlwalls Greece, vol. v. p. 78, note. ) In
expeditions to Delphi and to Doris, and the hos 367, with the aid of the auxiliaries furnished by
tilities with Athens down to the 30 years' truce, Dionysius I. of Syracuse, he defeated the Arcadians
his name is not mentioned ; though in the discus and Argives in what has been called the “Tearless
sion at Sparta before the final dissolution of that Battle," from the statement in his despatches, that
truce he comes forward as one who has aad expe- he had won it without losing a man (Xen. Hell.
rience of many wars.
Of the Peloponnesian war vii. 1. § 28; Plut. Ages. c. 33; Polyaen. i. 45;
itself we find the first 10 years sometimes styled Diod. xv. 72); and to the next year, 366, must be
the Archidamian war ; the share, however, taken assigned the “ Archidamus" of Isocrates, written
in it by Archidamus was no more than the com- perhaps to be delivered by the prince in the Spar-
mand of the first two expeditions into Attica; in tan senate, to encourage his country in her resolu-
the 3rd year, of the investment of Plataea ; and tion of maintaining her claim to Messenia, when
again of the third expedition in the 4th year, 428 Corinth had made, with Sparta's consent, a separate
In 427 Cleomenes commanded ; in 426 peace with Thebes. (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. & 9. ) In
Agis, son and now successor of Archidamus. His 364, he was again sent against Arcadia, then at
death must therefore be placed before the beginning war with Flis (Xen. Hell. vii. 4. § 20, &c. ; Just.
of this, though probably after the beginning of that vi. 5); and in 362, having been left at home 10
under Cleomenes; for had Agis already succeeded, protect Sparta while Agesilaus went to join the
be, most likely, and not Cleomenes, would have allies at Mantineia, he baffled the attempt of Epa-
commanded ; in the 42nd year, therefore, of his minondas on the city. (Xen. Hell. vii. 5. $ 9, &c. ;
reign, B. c. 427. His views of this momentous Diod. xv. 82,83; Plut. A ges. c. 34; Isocr. Ep. ad Arch.
struggle, as represented by Thucydides, seem to $ 5. ) He succeeded his father on the throne in 361.
justify the character that historian gives him In 356, we find him privately furnishing Philomelus,
of intelligence and temperance. His just estimate the Phocian, with fifteen talents, to aid him in his
of the comparative strength of the parties, and resistance to the Amphictyonic decree and his
his reluctance to enter without preparation on seizure of Delphi, whence arose the sacred war.
a contest involving so much, deserve our admira- (Diod. xvi. 24; Just. viii. 1; comp. Paus. iv. 4 ;
tion; though in his actual conduct of it he may Theopomp. ap. Paus. iii. 10. ) In 352, occurred
seem to bave somewhat wasted Lacedaemon's the war of Sparta against Megalopolis with a view
moral superiority. The opening of the siege of to the dissolution (S. OLKLO MOS) of that community;
Plataea displays something of the same deliberate and Archidamus was appointed to the command,
character; the proposal to take the town and ter- and gained some successes, though the enterprise
ritory in trust, however we may question the pro- did not ultimately succeed. (Diod. xvi. 39; Paus.
bable result, seems to breathe his just and temperate viii. 27 ; Demosth. pro Megal. ; comp. Aristot. Po-
spirit. He may at any rate be safely excluded lit. v. 10, ed. Bekk. ) In the last year of the sacred
from all responsibility for the cruel treatment of war, 346, we find Archidamus marching into Pho-
the besieged, on their surrender in the year of his cis at the head of 1000 men. According to Dio-
death. We may regard him as the happiest in- dorus (xvi. 59), the Phocians had applied for aid
stance of an accommodation of the Spartan character to Sparta, but this seems questionable from what
to altered circumstances, and his death as a mis | Aeschines (de Fals. Leg. p. 45) reports as the ad-
fortune to Sparta, the same in kind though not in ) vice of the Phocian leaders to Archidamus, “to
degree as that of Pericles was to Athens, with alarm himself about the dangers of Sparta rather
whom he was connected by ties of hospitality and than of Phocis. ” Demosthenes (de Fuls. Leg. p. 365)
whom in some points he seems to have resembled. hints at a private understanding between Philip
He left two sons and one daughter, Agis by his and the Spartans, and at some treachers of his to-
first wife, Lampito or Lampido, his father's half-wards them. Whether however on this account,
sister ; Agesilaus by a second, named Eupolia (ap- or as being distrusted by Phalaecus (Aesch. de Fuls.
parently the woman of small stature whom the Leg. p. 46), or as finding it impossible to effect
Ephors fined him for marrying), and Cynisca, the anything on behalf of the Phocians, Arcbidamus,
only woman, we are told, who carried off an Olympic on the arrival of Philip, withdrew his forces and
victory. (Thuc.
