591 Chosroes
restored
by Maurice.
Cambridge Medieval History - v2 - Rise of the Saracens and Foundation of the Western Empire
1904.
Sickel, W. Kirchenstaat u. Karolinger. HZ (N. F. ). 48, 385 sqq.
Die Vertrage der Papste unter der Karolingern u. d. neue Kaisertum. DZG.
xi, 301-50. xii, 1-43.
Review of Ottolenghi, "Dignita imperiale di C. M. " in Gottingische Gelehrte
Anzeigen. 1897. pp. 883 sqq.
Sybel, H. v. Die Schenkungen d. Karolinger an d. Papste. HZ (N. F. ) vm, 47-85;
or in Kleine Hist. Schrift. in. 1885. Cf. criticisms by Niehues (HJ, ii, "6-99
and 201-41) and G. Hueffer (HJ, n, 242-53).
Thelen, H. Zur LSsung d. Streitfrage iib. d. Verhandlungen K. Pippins u. Papst
Stephens II zu Ponthion, etc. Oberhausen. 1881.
Vitelleschi, F. Nobili. Storia civile e polit. di Papato d. imp. Theodosio a
Carlomagno. 2 vols. Bologna. 1900-2.
Watteubach, W. Geschichte des Romischen Papstthums. Berlin. 2nd edn. 1876.
Werminghoff. Kirchenverfassung. Vol. n. See Gen. Bibl. vi.
Weyl, R. D. Beziehungen d. Papstthums z. frankischen Staats- u. Kirchenrecht
unter d. Karolingern. Breslau. 1892.
## p. 817 (#849) ############################################
Bibliography 817
3. Coronation of CHARLEs THE GREAT.
Döllinger, J. J. I. von. Das Kaisertum Karls d. Gr. und seiner Nachfolger. H. J.
1865 repr. 1891. Munich. Transl. Warre, M. The Empire of Charles the
Great and his Successors. No. 3 of Historical and Literary Addresses by
J. I. v. Döllinger. London. 1894. [See Dahlmann-Waitz no. 977. ]
Hampe, K. Zur Kaiserkrönung Karls d. Gr. ZKG. 26. 4. 465 sqq.
Ohr, N. Die Ovationstheorie u. d. Kaiserkrönung etc. Ib. 26. 2. 190 sqq.
La Leggendaria Elezioned. Carlo Magno a Imperatore. Rome. 1903.
Sackur, E. Ein römisch. Majestätsprozess u. d. Kaiserkrönung etc. HZ. 87
(N. F. 51). 385 sqq.
Sickel, W. D. Kaiserwahl Karls d. Gr. MIOGF. 20, 1 sqq.
Walther, J. D. Zeremoniell bei d. Kaiserkrönung etc. Theol. Liter. Blatt. 27.
337 sqq.
C. MED. H. WOL. II. Ch. xxii. 62
## p. 818 (#850) ############################################
818
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
OF
LEADING EVENTS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME
314 Council of Aries.
410 Sack of Rome by Alaric.
429 Mission of Germanus and Lupus to Britain.
430 Death of Augustine.
432-461 St Patrick in Ireland.
449 Traditional date of Hengest and Horsa.
451 Battle of the Mauriac Plain.
Council of Chalcedon.
455 Sack of Rome by the Vandals.
481-511 Reign of Clovis.
482 The Henoticon of Zeno.
493 Traditional date of Cerdic.
493-526 Reign of Theodoric in Italy.
506 Issue of the Breviarium Alarici.
507 Battle of the Campus Vogladensin.
511 Division of the Frankish kingdom by the sons of Clovis.
518 Justin I Emperor.
527-565 Reign of Justinian.
529 The Schools of Athens closed.
532 The Niku riot
Building of St Sophia begun.
533 Issue of the Digest.
Conquest of Africa by Belisarius.
534 Frankish conquest of the Burgundians.
535-553 The Gothic War.
537-538 The great siege of Rome by the Goths.
540 Capture of Ravenna by Belisarius.
541 Abolition of the Consulships.
548 Death of Theodora.
552 Battle of Taginae.
553 Battle of the Lactarian Mount.
Fifth General Council.
554 Conquest of Southern Spain by the Imperial forces.
558 The Huns before Constantinople.
560-616 Reign of Aethelberht in Kent.
561 Division of the Frankish kingdom by the sons of Chlotar I.
565 Justin II Emperor.
568 Invasion of Italy by the Lombards.
c. 570 Birth of Mahomet.
## p. 819 (#851) ############################################
Chronological Table 819
575 Assassination of Sigebert.
578 Tiberius II Emperor.
582 Maurice Emperor.
584 Assassination of Chilperic.
589 Conversion of the Visigoths. Third Council of Toledo.
590 Agilulf king of the Lombards.
590-603 Pontificate of Gregory the Great.
591 Chosroes restored by Maurice.
594 Death of Gregory of Tours.
597 Landing of Augustine in Thanet.
Death of Columba.
602 Phocas Emperor.
610 Heraclius Emperor.
613 Reunion of the Prankish kingdom under Chlotar II.
614 Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians.
622 Flight of Mahomet to Medina.
625-638 Pope Honorius.
626 Siege of Constantinople by Persians and Avars.
627 Baptism of Edwin of Deira.
Battle of Nineveh.
628 Peace with Persia.
629 Expulsion of Byzantines from Spain.
632 Death of Mahomet. Abu Bakr Caliph.
633 Battle of Heathfield.
634 Mission of Birinus in Wessex.
Omar Caliph.
635-642 Reign of Oswald in Northumbria.
636 Battle of the Yarmuk.
Issue of the Ekthesis.
637 Battle of Kadislya.
638 Capture of Jerusalem by the Arabs.
640 Invasion of Egypt by the Arabs.
641 Constantine III Emperor.
Constans II Emperor.
Battle of Nihflwand.
642 Chindaswinth king in Spain.
Battle of Maserfield.
642-671 Oswy king in Northumbria.
644 Othman Caliph.
647 Final capture of Alexandria by the Arabs.
648 Issue of the Type.
653 Mu'awiya reaches Dorylaeum.
Arrest of Pope Martin.
655 Battle of the VVinwaed.
Ali Caliph—Civil war.
659 Mercian Revolt.
661 Mu'awiya Caliph.
663 Constans in Rome.
664 Synod of Whitby.
668 Constantine IV Emperor.
669-690 Episcopate of Theodore at Canterbury.
671-685 Ecgfrith in Northumbria.
673 Synod of Hertford.
673-677 Saracen attacks on Constantinople.
52—2
## p. 820 (#852) ############################################
820 Chronological Table
680 Synod of Heathfield.
Murder of Husain at Karbala.
685 Battle of Nechtansmere.
Justinian II Emperor.
687 Battle of Tertry.
688 Baptism and death of Ceadwalla.
688-726 Ine king in Wessex.
692 The Trullan Council.
695 Leontius Emperor.
697 Final capture of Carthage by the Saracens.
698 Tiberius (Apsimar) Emperor.
705 Justinian II restored.
709 Death of Wilfrid.
711 Philippicus Emperor.
Battle of La Janda. Saracen conquest of Spain.
712-744 Liutprand king of the Lombards.
713 Anastasius II Emperor.
715-731 Pope Gregory II.
716 Theodosius III Emperor.
716-757 Aethelbald king in Mercia.
717 Battle of Vincy.
717-741 Leo III Emperor.
723 Boniface consecrated a bishop.
725 Beginning of the Iconoclast Controversy.
727 The Italian Revolt.
731-741 Pope Gregory III.
731 End of Bede's History.
732 Battle of Tours.
734 Bede's Letter to Ecgbert.
739 Embassy of Gregory III to Charles Martel.
741-752 Pope Zacharias.
741-775 Constantine V Emperor.
743 Boniface archbishop of Mainz.
749 Aistulf king of the Lombards.
750 Fall of the Umayyads.
751-768 Pepin king.
754-756 Prankish Interventions in Italy.
755 Death of Boniface.
'Abd-ar-Rahman Caliph in Spain.
756 Desiderius king of the Lombards.
757-796 Offa king in Mercia.
759 Pepin's conquest of Septimania.
768-771 Charles and Carloman.
771-814 Charles alone.
772-795 Pope Hadrian 1.
772-804 Saxon Wars.
774 End of the Lombard kingdom.
778 Roncevalles.
787 Second Council of Nicaea.
Submission of Benevento.
Deposition of Tassilo.
787-802 Archbishopric of Lichfield.
794 Diet of Frankfort.
795 Capture of the Avar Ring.
## p. 821 (#853) ############################################
Chronological Table 821
795-816 Pope Leo III.
799 Outrage on Pope Leo (25 Mar. ).
800 Arrival of Charles at Rome (24 Nov. ).
The Imperial Coronation (25 Dec. ).
807-811 Danish Ware.
811 Completion of the Spanish March.
814 Death of Charles (28 Jan. ).
831 Saracen conquest of Palermo.
846 Saracen attack on Rome.
859 Saracen conquest of Sicily completed.
871 Capture of Bari from the Saracens.
909-1171 Fatimites in Egypt.
915 Saracens driven from the Garigliano.
1038-1040 Campaigns of Maniakes in Sicily.
1061-1091 Norman conquest of Sicily.
## p. 822 (#854) ############################################
822
INDEX
Aar, River, 110
Aaron of Caerleon-upon-Usk, martyr, 497
and note
Abasgi (Abasges), SS; support Heracliua,
294; under Arab protection, 416
'Abbas, uncle of Mahomet, 313; converted
to Islam, 324; opposes faction of Abu
Bakr, 334
'Abbas, nephew of Maslama, military
successes of, 414 sq.
'Abbas, son of Walid, military successes of,
412
'Abbas ibn al-Fadl, Aghlabid prince, takes
Castrogiovanni, 382; plunders Calabrian
coast, 386
Abbasids, the, 337, 868 sqq. , 363; ascend-
ancy of, 364, 378; make an alliance with
Pepin, 604; with Charles the Great, 615
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Musa, sent to suppress
revolt at Seville, 186, 373; governor of
Spain, 373
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Walid, raids by, 412,
414
'Abd-al-'Aziz, brother of 'Abd-al-Malik,
viceroy in Egypt, 363
'Abdallah, father ot Mahomet, 305
'Abdallah ibn 'Amir, general, conquers
Istakhr, 348; winters in Crete, 397
'Abdallah ibn Kais, and the raid on Sicily,
380
'Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn 'Abl Sarh, governor
of Upper Egypt, work of, 352 sq. ; cam-
paign of, 367; 393
'Abdallah ibn Ubayy, a chief of the Ehazraj,
opposes Mahomet, 314; 318
'Abdallah, brother of Walid, takes Theo-
dosiopolis, 410
'Abdallah ibn az-Zubair, opposes Tazid,
359 sq. ; defeated, 360; 369; 407
'Abd-al-Malik, Caliph, defeats Zubair faction,
361; work of, to. ; fiscal reforms of, 362;
prosperity of the empire under, 363 ; 369;
371; renews the peace, 406; renews war,
407; 412
'Abd-al-Muttalib, grandfather of Mahomet,
305
•Abd-al-'Uzza (Abu Lahab), uncle of Ma-
homet, opposes the Prophet, 310
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of 'Abdallah, Arab
governor, invades the south of France,
129,374; killed, ib.
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn 'Auf, at the election
of the Caliph, 355
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Habib, independent
of the Caliph, 377; death, 378; attacks
Syracuse, 381
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of Khalid, invades
imperial territory, 396
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya, founds
western Caliphate, 378; Charles the
Great makes war on, 604; 605
Abercorn, bishopric set up at, 559
Aberdeen Breviary, the, cited, 510
Aberdour, 513
Abingdon, 561
Abraham, patriarch, said to have founded
the Ka'ba, 325
Abrantes, 166
Abruzzi, the, Bulgars receive lands in, 443
Abu Bakr, Caliph, friend of Mahomet, 307;
goes to Medina, 313; daughter of, marries
Mahomet, 316; 332; elected caliph,
333 sq. ; defeats insurgents, 335 sq. ; 338;
death, 342; 347,354
Abu-1-Aghlab Ibrahim, Aghlabid prince,
takes Messina, 382
Abu-1-A'war, and the battle of Phoenix,
353, 393
Abu-1-Hakam (Abu Jahl), slain, 317
'Abu-1-Khattar, restores order in Spain, 377
Abu Muslim, general, defeats the Umay-
yads, 364
Abu Sa'id, descendant of Visigothic royal
house, 186
Abu Sufyan, and the battle of Badr, 317;
at the battle of Uhud, 318 ; 322; promotes
the surrender of Mecca, 324
Abu Talib, uncle and protector of Mahomet,
305,307; rejects Mahomet's doctrine, 310;
death, 311
Abu 'Ubaida, 332; at Abu Bakr's election,
333; appointed governor of Syria, 344 sq. ;
death, 346
Abydus, Heraclius at, 288
Abyssinia, spread of Christianity to, 35;
271; Mahomet's disciples take refuge in,
310
Abyssinians, the, overthrow the Sabaeans,
303; 310
Acacias, Patriarch of Constantinople,
schism of, 1; name effaced from diptychs,
5; 688
## p. 823 (#855) ############################################
Indea:
828
Acacius Archelaus, general, sent to com-
mand army before Nisibis, 272
Acerenza, assaulted by Constans II, 205,
394
Achaia, plundered by Slavs, 296
Achila (Agila), King of the Visigoths, 182;
deposed by Roderick, 183 sq. ; in league
with the Arabs, 185 sq.
Achud. See Clonkeen
Acisclus, St, Agila profanes tomb of, 163
Acroinus (Prymnessus), Maslama at, 417
Adalgis, son of Desiderius the Lombard,
made co-regent, 219; at Werona, 220;
flees to Constantinople, ib. , 599; 600;
remains a patricius at Constantinople,
602
Adaloald, titular king of the Lombards,
brought up as a Catholic, 202, 250;
death, ib.
Adam of Bremen, cited, 424, 482, 484
Adamnan, Life of St Columba by, 510,
513; 535
Adarmaanes, Persian general, invades Syria,
272 sq.
Adarnase I, made king of Iberia by
Heraclius, 297 note
Adata, occupied by Arabs, 393; 396
Adda, River, 206
Aºun, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Additions to Tirechan's Collections, cited,
503
Adel, near Leeds, inscription at, 476
Adelfius, Bishop of Lincoln, at the Council
of Arles, 498
Adelgis, King of Frisia, welcomes St Wil-
frid, 535
Adelhard, Abbot of Corvey, 668
Adelperga, daughter of Desiderius, marries
Arichis of Benevento, 217
Adeodatus, Pope, rejects Constantine's
synodical, 404
Adeodatus, Numidian primate, and Gregory
the Great, 253
Adhruh, arbitration court held at, 357
Adige (Etsch), River, 606
Administrative system of Justinian (the
East),37 sqq. , (African), 22 sq. , ch. vin(A);
of the Franks (Merovingian), 137 sqq. ,
(Carolingian), ch. xxi. ; of the English,
550 sq. ; of the Lombards, 207–210, 648;
of the Slovenes, 445 sqq.
Adoptianism, Charles the Great summons
synods to deal with, 616
Adoulis, port, 41
Adramyttium, mutineers elect Theodosius
emperor at, 416
Adriatic Sea, the, 15, 205; Saracens in,
384, 387; the Serbs on, 438; 443, 445,
577, 615, 693, 700
Aedui, the, 460
Aega, Mayor of the Palace, 125, 157
Aegean Sea, Slav raids extend to, 31;
395 sq. , 438
Aegidius, general, 109
Aelle, King of Deira, 237, 522
Aeron (Agröna), goddess, 477
Aescingas, the, 634
Aesir, the, 484
Aesus, god, 473
Aethelbald, King of Mercia, growth of
Church endowments under, 563 sq. ; 569
Aethelberht, King of Kent, 255, 515; his
reception of the missionaries, 516; bap-
tism, ib. and note; 517, 519; death, 521;
522; code of, 548, 561 sq. ; cited, 567
Aethelburga (Tata), daughter of Aethelberht,
marries Edwin of Northumbria, 522;
takes flight, 525, 544
Aethelburga, daughter of Anna of East
Anglia, abbess of Brie, 525
Aethelfrith, King of Northumbria (Bernicia),
victories of, 521 sq. ; defeat and death,
522, 543; 545
Aethelred, King of Mercia, defeats Ecgfrith
of Northumbria, 557; aids Wilfrid, 559;
abdicates and becomes a monk, 562;
563
Aethelric, King of Bernicia, 522
Aethelstan, King of England, accepts Hákon
as foster-son, 635
Aethelthryth (Aetheldreda, Audrey), found-
ress of Ely, 525; translation of the body
of, 559
Aethelwalch, King of Sussex, becomes
Christian, 530, 553, 559; slain, 560
Aethelwald, King of Deira, 529
Aetherius, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Aëtius, Roman general, and the Visigoths,
109
Aëtius, patricius, opposes marriage proposed
for the empress, 624
Africa, persecution of Catholics in, 9 sq. ,
48; 11; war in, 12 sq. ; imperial rule
restored in, 13 sq. , 19; 16, 18; system
of civil governmentin, 20 sq. ; Justinian's
forts in, 22; wretched condition of, 23 sq. ;
28, 32; persecution of Arians in, 44;
inhabitants protest against action of
Vigilius, 47; 52, 53, 95, 129; Gisalic in,
161; Visigothic expedition to, 163; Visi-
gothic refugees in, 176; Muslims gain a
footing in, 179; conspiracy of Jews in,
181; sons of Witiza takerefugein, 183sq. ;
imperial administration in, ch. VIII (A)
passim, 283; 225; estates of the Church
in, 242; 248; the Church in, 252 sq. ,
256, 263, 267; expedition for overthrow
of Phocas prepared in, 287; Heraclius
and, 290, 292, 300 sq. ; 353; the Ibádites
in, 357; spread of Islám in, ch. xII
passim; under Mu‘āwiya ibn Hudaij,
367 sq. ; Arabs driven from, 369; Arabs
recover, 370 sq. ; 373; 375; Arabs and
Berbersin, 376; separate states formedin,
377 sq. ; 379; and the conquest of Sicily,
380 sqq. ; 388 sqq. ; Pyrrhus escapes to,
892; 394 sq. ; synods held in, 400; 408,
410, 413, 429, 500 sq. , 702
## p. 824 (#856) ############################################
824
Indea:
Agapetus, Pope, deposes Anthemius, 45;
46
Agathias, historian, cited, 4, 34, 51
Agatho, Pope, refuses conference with Con-
stantinople, 404; holds a synod, ib. ;
405; Wilfrid appeals to, 557 sqq. ; 690,
692
Agaunum, monastery of, restored by Sigis-
mund, 117
Agde, Charles Martel destroys fortifications
of, 129; bishopric established at, 142;
179; Arabs expelled from, 582
Agen, 125
Agericus, Bishop of Werdun-sur-Meuse, 122
Aghagower, St Patrick founds a church at,
506
Aghanagh, church founded at, 506
Aghlabids, the, lead invasion of Sicily, 378;
end of kingdom of, 379; conquer Sicily,
381 sqq.
Agila, King of Visigoths, persecutes Catho-
lics, 18, 163; defeated, 19, 163; assas-
sinated, 163; 164
Agila, son of Witiza, king of the Visigoths.
See Achila
Agilbert (Albert), Bishop of Wessex (Win-
chester), leaves Wessex, 530
Agilolfings, family of, supreme in Bavaria,
128, 633
Agilulf, Duke of Turin, made king of the
Lombards, 201; marries Theodelinda,
ib. , 243; reign, ib. ; death, 202; 203,217;
attacks Rome, 244; his meeting with
Gregory, 245; makes a treaty with the
Empire, 249; further conquests, 250;
possibly a Catholic, ib.
Agra, 166
Agricola, son of Severianus, teaches Pela-
gianism in Britain, 500
Agriculture of the Lombards, 197; of the
Slavs (Polesie), 423; Teutonic communal,
636 sqq.
Aguntum. See Innichen
Ahl ar-Ridda, secessionist party, 335
Ahmad, Amir, and the rebellion in Sicily,
389
Ahmad ibn Kurhub, leader of Saracens in
Sicily, supports the Abbasid Caliph, 387;
executed, 388
Ahmed Anasiri Asalaui, cited, 183
Aidan (Aedan), Bishop of Lindisfarne, 524;
bishop and abbot at Lindisfarne, 526,
545; death, 527; 528, 546, 554 sq.
Aila (“Akaba), trade route from, 41, 340 sq.
Ailbe, presbyter, ordained by St Patrick,
503
Ailbeus, Irish saint, 503
Ailill, children of, 503
Ailred, Life of St Ninian by, 510 sq.
Ainstable, inscriptions at, 475
Aion, duke, defeated by Hermenegild, 169
Aire, River, 544 note, 545
. Aisch, River, 452
‘A’isha, wife of Mahomet, influence of 316;
327; opposes Ali, 356
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, chosenking
215; anti-Roman policy, ib. , 695; and
the pope, 215 sq. , 233, 582 sqq. , 53.
699; takes Ravenna, 215, 232, 695; sº
war with the Franks, 216; besieges Bome
ib. , 583, 589; defeated, 217, 589; makes
terms with pope and emperor, ib. , 700;
death, 217, 589,695; 228; 580, 597, 544.
648, 694, 696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), 145; Götriº
threatens to enter, 614; Greek ambas-
sadors recognise Charles the Great as
emperor at, 624; death of Charles st
625; Assembly held at (802), 673, 682:
696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), Bishop ºf
See Protasius
Ajnādain (Jannābatain), battle of, 341 sq.
Ajo, son of Arichis of Benevento, killed in
battle, 204
Akaba, Gulf of, 41
Akbas, fort of, taken by Romans, 277 mate
“Akrabã, battle of, 336
‘Aküba, battle of, 367
Alagors, River, 166
Alamoundar, Saracen chief, 267
Alans (Alani), 35; incited to attack the
Abasgi, 416
Alaric, King of the Visigoths, 692
Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, 57; issues
Lea Romana Visigothorum, 58, 160, 174,
178; surrenders Syagrius, 110, 159;
and the bishops, 113, 160; slain, 114,
160; and the revolt of the Bagaudae, 151
Alba, 499
Albacete, 164, 167
Alban, St, martyrdom of, 497
Albania, 279; ravaged by Chazars, 297
Albania (Alban), district of Scotland, 512
Albanians, the, 441
Albelda, chronicle of, cited, 182, 185
Albi, 114, 160
Albofleda (Audefleda), sister of Clovis,
marries Theodoric, 111
Alboin, King of the Lombards, helped by
Avars destroys Gepid kingdom, 195, 268,
436; marries Rosamund, 195; invades
Italy, 196; reigns in Italy, ib. ; murdered,
ib. ; daughter of, sent to Constantinople,
ib. ; 199, 692 sq.
Alcántara, 166
Alcaraz, 164
Alcarria, 168
Alchfrid, King of Northumbria, 530; under.
king of Deira, 552; and Wilfrid, 554;
driven from Deira, 555
Alciocus (Alzeco), Bulgar leader, 443
Alclyde, fortress, 511
Alcuin, and the works of Isidore of Seville
193; cited, 483, 618, 617, 628; 527; at
the school of York, 574; at the court of
Charles the Great, ib. , 663; and the
Libri Carolini, 616; 620, 702; and the
guilt of Leo III, 704
Alderminster, 558
## p. 825 (#857) ############################################
Indea:
825
Aldfrid, King of Northumbria, and Wilfrid,
559, 562; letter of Aldhelm to, 573
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, appointed,
561; literary work of, 573 sq.
Sickel, W. Kirchenstaat u. Karolinger. HZ (N. F. ). 48, 385 sqq.
Die Vertrage der Papste unter der Karolingern u. d. neue Kaisertum. DZG.
xi, 301-50. xii, 1-43.
Review of Ottolenghi, "Dignita imperiale di C. M. " in Gottingische Gelehrte
Anzeigen. 1897. pp. 883 sqq.
Sybel, H. v. Die Schenkungen d. Karolinger an d. Papste. HZ (N. F. ) vm, 47-85;
or in Kleine Hist. Schrift. in. 1885. Cf. criticisms by Niehues (HJ, ii, "6-99
and 201-41) and G. Hueffer (HJ, n, 242-53).
Thelen, H. Zur LSsung d. Streitfrage iib. d. Verhandlungen K. Pippins u. Papst
Stephens II zu Ponthion, etc. Oberhausen. 1881.
Vitelleschi, F. Nobili. Storia civile e polit. di Papato d. imp. Theodosio a
Carlomagno. 2 vols. Bologna. 1900-2.
Watteubach, W. Geschichte des Romischen Papstthums. Berlin. 2nd edn. 1876.
Werminghoff. Kirchenverfassung. Vol. n. See Gen. Bibl. vi.
Weyl, R. D. Beziehungen d. Papstthums z. frankischen Staats- u. Kirchenrecht
unter d. Karolingern. Breslau. 1892.
## p. 817 (#849) ############################################
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(N. F. 51). 385 sqq.
Sickel, W. D. Kaiserwahl Karls d. Gr. MIOGF. 20, 1 sqq.
Walther, J. D. Zeremoniell bei d. Kaiserkrönung etc. Theol. Liter. Blatt. 27.
337 sqq.
C. MED. H. WOL. II. Ch. xxii. 62
## p. 818 (#850) ############################################
818
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
OF
LEADING EVENTS MENTIONED IN THIS VOLUME
314 Council of Aries.
410 Sack of Rome by Alaric.
429 Mission of Germanus and Lupus to Britain.
430 Death of Augustine.
432-461 St Patrick in Ireland.
449 Traditional date of Hengest and Horsa.
451 Battle of the Mauriac Plain.
Council of Chalcedon.
455 Sack of Rome by the Vandals.
481-511 Reign of Clovis.
482 The Henoticon of Zeno.
493 Traditional date of Cerdic.
493-526 Reign of Theodoric in Italy.
506 Issue of the Breviarium Alarici.
507 Battle of the Campus Vogladensin.
511 Division of the Frankish kingdom by the sons of Clovis.
518 Justin I Emperor.
527-565 Reign of Justinian.
529 The Schools of Athens closed.
532 The Niku riot
Building of St Sophia begun.
533 Issue of the Digest.
Conquest of Africa by Belisarius.
534 Frankish conquest of the Burgundians.
535-553 The Gothic War.
537-538 The great siege of Rome by the Goths.
540 Capture of Ravenna by Belisarius.
541 Abolition of the Consulships.
548 Death of Theodora.
552 Battle of Taginae.
553 Battle of the Lactarian Mount.
Fifth General Council.
554 Conquest of Southern Spain by the Imperial forces.
558 The Huns before Constantinople.
560-616 Reign of Aethelberht in Kent.
561 Division of the Frankish kingdom by the sons of Chlotar I.
565 Justin II Emperor.
568 Invasion of Italy by the Lombards.
c. 570 Birth of Mahomet.
## p. 819 (#851) ############################################
Chronological Table 819
575 Assassination of Sigebert.
578 Tiberius II Emperor.
582 Maurice Emperor.
584 Assassination of Chilperic.
589 Conversion of the Visigoths. Third Council of Toledo.
590 Agilulf king of the Lombards.
590-603 Pontificate of Gregory the Great.
591 Chosroes restored by Maurice.
594 Death of Gregory of Tours.
597 Landing of Augustine in Thanet.
Death of Columba.
602 Phocas Emperor.
610 Heraclius Emperor.
613 Reunion of the Prankish kingdom under Chlotar II.
614 Capture of Jerusalem by the Persians.
622 Flight of Mahomet to Medina.
625-638 Pope Honorius.
626 Siege of Constantinople by Persians and Avars.
627 Baptism of Edwin of Deira.
Battle of Nineveh.
628 Peace with Persia.
629 Expulsion of Byzantines from Spain.
632 Death of Mahomet. Abu Bakr Caliph.
633 Battle of Heathfield.
634 Mission of Birinus in Wessex.
Omar Caliph.
635-642 Reign of Oswald in Northumbria.
636 Battle of the Yarmuk.
Issue of the Ekthesis.
637 Battle of Kadislya.
638 Capture of Jerusalem by the Arabs.
640 Invasion of Egypt by the Arabs.
641 Constantine III Emperor.
Constans II Emperor.
Battle of Nihflwand.
642 Chindaswinth king in Spain.
Battle of Maserfield.
642-671 Oswy king in Northumbria.
644 Othman Caliph.
647 Final capture of Alexandria by the Arabs.
648 Issue of the Type.
653 Mu'awiya reaches Dorylaeum.
Arrest of Pope Martin.
655 Battle of the VVinwaed.
Ali Caliph—Civil war.
659 Mercian Revolt.
661 Mu'awiya Caliph.
663 Constans in Rome.
664 Synod of Whitby.
668 Constantine IV Emperor.
669-690 Episcopate of Theodore at Canterbury.
671-685 Ecgfrith in Northumbria.
673 Synod of Hertford.
673-677 Saracen attacks on Constantinople.
52—2
## p. 820 (#852) ############################################
820 Chronological Table
680 Synod of Heathfield.
Murder of Husain at Karbala.
685 Battle of Nechtansmere.
Justinian II Emperor.
687 Battle of Tertry.
688 Baptism and death of Ceadwalla.
688-726 Ine king in Wessex.
692 The Trullan Council.
695 Leontius Emperor.
697 Final capture of Carthage by the Saracens.
698 Tiberius (Apsimar) Emperor.
705 Justinian II restored.
709 Death of Wilfrid.
711 Philippicus Emperor.
Battle of La Janda. Saracen conquest of Spain.
712-744 Liutprand king of the Lombards.
713 Anastasius II Emperor.
715-731 Pope Gregory II.
716 Theodosius III Emperor.
716-757 Aethelbald king in Mercia.
717 Battle of Vincy.
717-741 Leo III Emperor.
723 Boniface consecrated a bishop.
725 Beginning of the Iconoclast Controversy.
727 The Italian Revolt.
731-741 Pope Gregory III.
731 End of Bede's History.
732 Battle of Tours.
734 Bede's Letter to Ecgbert.
739 Embassy of Gregory III to Charles Martel.
741-752 Pope Zacharias.
741-775 Constantine V Emperor.
743 Boniface archbishop of Mainz.
749 Aistulf king of the Lombards.
750 Fall of the Umayyads.
751-768 Pepin king.
754-756 Prankish Interventions in Italy.
755 Death of Boniface.
'Abd-ar-Rahman Caliph in Spain.
756 Desiderius king of the Lombards.
757-796 Offa king in Mercia.
759 Pepin's conquest of Septimania.
768-771 Charles and Carloman.
771-814 Charles alone.
772-795 Pope Hadrian 1.
772-804 Saxon Wars.
774 End of the Lombard kingdom.
778 Roncevalles.
787 Second Council of Nicaea.
Submission of Benevento.
Deposition of Tassilo.
787-802 Archbishopric of Lichfield.
794 Diet of Frankfort.
795 Capture of the Avar Ring.
## p. 821 (#853) ############################################
Chronological Table 821
795-816 Pope Leo III.
799 Outrage on Pope Leo (25 Mar. ).
800 Arrival of Charles at Rome (24 Nov. ).
The Imperial Coronation (25 Dec. ).
807-811 Danish Ware.
811 Completion of the Spanish March.
814 Death of Charles (28 Jan. ).
831 Saracen conquest of Palermo.
846 Saracen attack on Rome.
859 Saracen conquest of Sicily completed.
871 Capture of Bari from the Saracens.
909-1171 Fatimites in Egypt.
915 Saracens driven from the Garigliano.
1038-1040 Campaigns of Maniakes in Sicily.
1061-1091 Norman conquest of Sicily.
## p. 822 (#854) ############################################
822
INDEX
Aar, River, 110
Aaron of Caerleon-upon-Usk, martyr, 497
and note
Abasgi (Abasges), SS; support Heracliua,
294; under Arab protection, 416
'Abbas, uncle of Mahomet, 313; converted
to Islam, 324; opposes faction of Abu
Bakr, 334
'Abbas, nephew of Maslama, military
successes of, 414 sq.
'Abbas, son of Walid, military successes of,
412
'Abbas ibn al-Fadl, Aghlabid prince, takes
Castrogiovanni, 382; plunders Calabrian
coast, 386
Abbasids, the, 337, 868 sqq. , 363; ascend-
ancy of, 364, 378; make an alliance with
Pepin, 604; with Charles the Great, 615
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Musa, sent to suppress
revolt at Seville, 186, 373; governor of
Spain, 373
'Abd-al-'Aziz, son of Walid, raids by, 412,
414
'Abd-al-'Aziz, brother of 'Abd-al-Malik,
viceroy in Egypt, 363
'Abdallah, father ot Mahomet, 305
'Abdallah ibn 'Amir, general, conquers
Istakhr, 348; winters in Crete, 397
'Abdallah ibn Kais, and the raid on Sicily,
380
'Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn 'Abl Sarh, governor
of Upper Egypt, work of, 352 sq. ; cam-
paign of, 367; 393
'Abdallah ibn Ubayy, a chief of the Ehazraj,
opposes Mahomet, 314; 318
'Abdallah, brother of Walid, takes Theo-
dosiopolis, 410
'Abdallah ibn az-Zubair, opposes Tazid,
359 sq. ; defeated, 360; 369; 407
'Abd-al-Malik, Caliph, defeats Zubair faction,
361; work of, to. ; fiscal reforms of, 362;
prosperity of the empire under, 363 ; 369;
371; renews the peace, 406; renews war,
407; 412
'Abd-al-Muttalib, grandfather of Mahomet,
305
•Abd-al-'Uzza (Abu Lahab), uncle of Ma-
homet, opposes the Prophet, 310
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of 'Abdallah, Arab
governor, invades the south of France,
129,374; killed, ib.
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn 'Auf, at the election
of the Caliph, 355
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Habib, independent
of the Caliph, 377; death, 378; attacks
Syracuse, 381
'Abd-ar-Rahman, son of Khalid, invades
imperial territory, 396
'Abd-ar-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya, founds
western Caliphate, 378; Charles the
Great makes war on, 604; 605
Abercorn, bishopric set up at, 559
Aberdeen Breviary, the, cited, 510
Aberdour, 513
Abingdon, 561
Abraham, patriarch, said to have founded
the Ka'ba, 325
Abrantes, 166
Abruzzi, the, Bulgars receive lands in, 443
Abu Bakr, Caliph, friend of Mahomet, 307;
goes to Medina, 313; daughter of, marries
Mahomet, 316; 332; elected caliph,
333 sq. ; defeats insurgents, 335 sq. ; 338;
death, 342; 347,354
Abu-1-Aghlab Ibrahim, Aghlabid prince,
takes Messina, 382
Abu-1-A'war, and the battle of Phoenix,
353, 393
Abu-1-Hakam (Abu Jahl), slain, 317
'Abu-1-Khattar, restores order in Spain, 377
Abu Muslim, general, defeats the Umay-
yads, 364
Abu Sa'id, descendant of Visigothic royal
house, 186
Abu Sufyan, and the battle of Badr, 317;
at the battle of Uhud, 318 ; 322; promotes
the surrender of Mecca, 324
Abu Talib, uncle and protector of Mahomet,
305,307; rejects Mahomet's doctrine, 310;
death, 311
Abu 'Ubaida, 332; at Abu Bakr's election,
333; appointed governor of Syria, 344 sq. ;
death, 346
Abydus, Heraclius at, 288
Abyssinia, spread of Christianity to, 35;
271; Mahomet's disciples take refuge in,
310
Abyssinians, the, overthrow the Sabaeans,
303; 310
Acacias, Patriarch of Constantinople,
schism of, 1; name effaced from diptychs,
5; 688
## p. 823 (#855) ############################################
Indea:
828
Acacius Archelaus, general, sent to com-
mand army before Nisibis, 272
Acerenza, assaulted by Constans II, 205,
394
Achaia, plundered by Slavs, 296
Achila (Agila), King of the Visigoths, 182;
deposed by Roderick, 183 sq. ; in league
with the Arabs, 185 sq.
Achud. See Clonkeen
Acisclus, St, Agila profanes tomb of, 163
Acroinus (Prymnessus), Maslama at, 417
Adalgis, son of Desiderius the Lombard,
made co-regent, 219; at Werona, 220;
flees to Constantinople, ib. , 599; 600;
remains a patricius at Constantinople,
602
Adaloald, titular king of the Lombards,
brought up as a Catholic, 202, 250;
death, ib.
Adam of Bremen, cited, 424, 482, 484
Adamnan, Life of St Columba by, 510,
513; 535
Adarmaanes, Persian general, invades Syria,
272 sq.
Adarnase I, made king of Iberia by
Heraclius, 297 note
Adata, occupied by Arabs, 393; 396
Adda, River, 206
Aºun, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Additions to Tirechan's Collections, cited,
503
Adel, near Leeds, inscription at, 476
Adelfius, Bishop of Lincoln, at the Council
of Arles, 498
Adelgis, King of Frisia, welcomes St Wil-
frid, 535
Adelhard, Abbot of Corvey, 668
Adelperga, daughter of Desiderius, marries
Arichis of Benevento, 217
Adeodatus, Pope, rejects Constantine's
synodical, 404
Adeodatus, Numidian primate, and Gregory
the Great, 253
Adhruh, arbitration court held at, 357
Adige (Etsch), River, 606
Administrative system of Justinian (the
East),37 sqq. , (African), 22 sq. , ch. vin(A);
of the Franks (Merovingian), 137 sqq. ,
(Carolingian), ch. xxi. ; of the English,
550 sq. ; of the Lombards, 207–210, 648;
of the Slovenes, 445 sqq.
Adoptianism, Charles the Great summons
synods to deal with, 616
Adoulis, port, 41
Adramyttium, mutineers elect Theodosius
emperor at, 416
Adriatic Sea, the, 15, 205; Saracens in,
384, 387; the Serbs on, 438; 443, 445,
577, 615, 693, 700
Aedui, the, 460
Aega, Mayor of the Palace, 125, 157
Aegean Sea, Slav raids extend to, 31;
395 sq. , 438
Aegidius, general, 109
Aelle, King of Deira, 237, 522
Aeron (Agröna), goddess, 477
Aescingas, the, 634
Aesir, the, 484
Aesus, god, 473
Aethelbald, King of Mercia, growth of
Church endowments under, 563 sq. ; 569
Aethelberht, King of Kent, 255, 515; his
reception of the missionaries, 516; bap-
tism, ib. and note; 517, 519; death, 521;
522; code of, 548, 561 sq. ; cited, 567
Aethelburga (Tata), daughter of Aethelberht,
marries Edwin of Northumbria, 522;
takes flight, 525, 544
Aethelburga, daughter of Anna of East
Anglia, abbess of Brie, 525
Aethelfrith, King of Northumbria (Bernicia),
victories of, 521 sq. ; defeat and death,
522, 543; 545
Aethelred, King of Mercia, defeats Ecgfrith
of Northumbria, 557; aids Wilfrid, 559;
abdicates and becomes a monk, 562;
563
Aethelric, King of Bernicia, 522
Aethelstan, King of England, accepts Hákon
as foster-son, 635
Aethelthryth (Aetheldreda, Audrey), found-
ress of Ely, 525; translation of the body
of, 559
Aethelwalch, King of Sussex, becomes
Christian, 530, 553, 559; slain, 560
Aethelwald, King of Deira, 529
Aetherius, senator and patrician, executed,
267
Aëtius, Roman general, and the Visigoths,
109
Aëtius, patricius, opposes marriage proposed
for the empress, 624
Africa, persecution of Catholics in, 9 sq. ,
48; 11; war in, 12 sq. ; imperial rule
restored in, 13 sq. , 19; 16, 18; system
of civil governmentin, 20 sq. ; Justinian's
forts in, 22; wretched condition of, 23 sq. ;
28, 32; persecution of Arians in, 44;
inhabitants protest against action of
Vigilius, 47; 52, 53, 95, 129; Gisalic in,
161; Visigothic expedition to, 163; Visi-
gothic refugees in, 176; Muslims gain a
footing in, 179; conspiracy of Jews in,
181; sons of Witiza takerefugein, 183sq. ;
imperial administration in, ch. VIII (A)
passim, 283; 225; estates of the Church
in, 242; 248; the Church in, 252 sq. ,
256, 263, 267; expedition for overthrow
of Phocas prepared in, 287; Heraclius
and, 290, 292, 300 sq. ; 353; the Ibádites
in, 357; spread of Islám in, ch. xII
passim; under Mu‘āwiya ibn Hudaij,
367 sq. ; Arabs driven from, 369; Arabs
recover, 370 sq. ; 373; 375; Arabs and
Berbersin, 376; separate states formedin,
377 sq. ; 379; and the conquest of Sicily,
380 sqq. ; 388 sqq. ; Pyrrhus escapes to,
892; 394 sq. ; synods held in, 400; 408,
410, 413, 429, 500 sq. , 702
## p. 824 (#856) ############################################
824
Indea:
Agapetus, Pope, deposes Anthemius, 45;
46
Agathias, historian, cited, 4, 34, 51
Agatho, Pope, refuses conference with Con-
stantinople, 404; holds a synod, ib. ;
405; Wilfrid appeals to, 557 sqq. ; 690,
692
Agaunum, monastery of, restored by Sigis-
mund, 117
Agde, Charles Martel destroys fortifications
of, 129; bishopric established at, 142;
179; Arabs expelled from, 582
Agen, 125
Agericus, Bishop of Werdun-sur-Meuse, 122
Aghagower, St Patrick founds a church at,
506
Aghanagh, church founded at, 506
Aghlabids, the, lead invasion of Sicily, 378;
end of kingdom of, 379; conquer Sicily,
381 sqq.
Agila, King of Visigoths, persecutes Catho-
lics, 18, 163; defeated, 19, 163; assas-
sinated, 163; 164
Agila, son of Witiza, king of the Visigoths.
See Achila
Agilbert (Albert), Bishop of Wessex (Win-
chester), leaves Wessex, 530
Agilolfings, family of, supreme in Bavaria,
128, 633
Agilulf, Duke of Turin, made king of the
Lombards, 201; marries Theodelinda,
ib. , 243; reign, ib. ; death, 202; 203,217;
attacks Rome, 244; his meeting with
Gregory, 245; makes a treaty with the
Empire, 249; further conquests, 250;
possibly a Catholic, ib.
Agra, 166
Agricola, son of Severianus, teaches Pela-
gianism in Britain, 500
Agriculture of the Lombards, 197; of the
Slavs (Polesie), 423; Teutonic communal,
636 sqq.
Aguntum. See Innichen
Ahl ar-Ridda, secessionist party, 335
Ahmad, Amir, and the rebellion in Sicily,
389
Ahmad ibn Kurhub, leader of Saracens in
Sicily, supports the Abbasid Caliph, 387;
executed, 388
Ahmed Anasiri Asalaui, cited, 183
Aidan (Aedan), Bishop of Lindisfarne, 524;
bishop and abbot at Lindisfarne, 526,
545; death, 527; 528, 546, 554 sq.
Aila (“Akaba), trade route from, 41, 340 sq.
Ailbe, presbyter, ordained by St Patrick,
503
Ailbeus, Irish saint, 503
Ailill, children of, 503
Ailred, Life of St Ninian by, 510 sq.
Ainstable, inscriptions at, 475
Aion, duke, defeated by Hermenegild, 169
Aire, River, 544 note, 545
. Aisch, River, 452
‘A’isha, wife of Mahomet, influence of 316;
327; opposes Ali, 356
Aistulf, King of the Lombards, chosenking
215; anti-Roman policy, ib. , 695; and
the pope, 215 sq. , 233, 582 sqq. , 53.
699; takes Ravenna, 215, 232, 695; sº
war with the Franks, 216; besieges Bome
ib. , 583, 589; defeated, 217, 589; makes
terms with pope and emperor, ib. , 700;
death, 217, 589,695; 228; 580, 597, 544.
648, 694, 696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), 145; Götriº
threatens to enter, 614; Greek ambas-
sadors recognise Charles the Great as
emperor at, 624; death of Charles st
625; Assembly held at (802), 673, 682:
696
Aix (Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen), Bishop ºf
See Protasius
Ajnādain (Jannābatain), battle of, 341 sq.
Ajo, son of Arichis of Benevento, killed in
battle, 204
Akaba, Gulf of, 41
Akbas, fort of, taken by Romans, 277 mate
“Akrabã, battle of, 336
‘Aküba, battle of, 367
Alagors, River, 166
Alamoundar, Saracen chief, 267
Alans (Alani), 35; incited to attack the
Abasgi, 416
Alaric, King of the Visigoths, 692
Alaric II, King of the Visigoths, 57; issues
Lea Romana Visigothorum, 58, 160, 174,
178; surrenders Syagrius, 110, 159;
and the bishops, 113, 160; slain, 114,
160; and the revolt of the Bagaudae, 151
Alba, 499
Albacete, 164, 167
Alban, St, martyrdom of, 497
Albania, 279; ravaged by Chazars, 297
Albania (Alban), district of Scotland, 512
Albanians, the, 441
Albelda, chronicle of, cited, 182, 185
Albi, 114, 160
Albofleda (Audefleda), sister of Clovis,
marries Theodoric, 111
Alboin, King of the Lombards, helped by
Avars destroys Gepid kingdom, 195, 268,
436; marries Rosamund, 195; invades
Italy, 196; reigns in Italy, ib. ; murdered,
ib. ; daughter of, sent to Constantinople,
ib. ; 199, 692 sq.
Alcántara, 166
Alcaraz, 164
Alcarria, 168
Alchfrid, King of Northumbria, 530; under.
king of Deira, 552; and Wilfrid, 554;
driven from Deira, 555
Alciocus (Alzeco), Bulgar leader, 443
Alclyde, fortress, 511
Alcuin, and the works of Isidore of Seville
193; cited, 483, 618, 617, 628; 527; at
the school of York, 574; at the court of
Charles the Great, ib. , 663; and the
Libri Carolini, 616; 620, 702; and the
guilt of Leo III, 704
Alderminster, 558
## p. 825 (#857) ############################################
Indea:
825
Aldfrid, King of Northumbria, and Wilfrid,
559, 562; letter of Aldhelm to, 573
Aldhelm, Bishop of Sherborne, appointed,
561; literary work of, 573 sq.
