481), were called in general Odes, brought forward a play
entitled
Tao.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
(B.
C.
606) Though
from some of which his date may be easily fixed. Pituacus, who commanded the army of Mytilenc,
He was contemporary with Philip III. , king of slew with his own hand the leader of the Athe-
Macedonia, and son of Demetrius, against whom nians, Phrynon, an Olympic victor, the Mytile-
several of his epigrams are pointed, apparently naeans were defeated, and Alcaeus incurred the
from patriotic feelings. One of these epigrams, disgrace of leaving his arms behind on the field of
however, gave even more offence to the Roman battle; these arms were hung up as a trophy by
general, Flamininus, than to Philip, on account of the Athenians in the temple of Pallas at Sigeum.
the author's ascribing the victory of Cynoscepha- (Herod. v. 95; Plut. de Herod. Mulig. s. 15, p.
lae to the Aetolians as much as to the Romans. 858; Strab. xiii. pp. 599, 600; Euseb. Chron.
Philip contented himself with writing an epigram Olym. xliii. 3; Clinton, Fasti, i. p. 219. ) His
in reply to that of Alcaeus, in which he gave the sending home the news of this disaster in a poem,
Messenian a very broad hint of the fate he night addressed to his friend Melanippus (Fr. 56, p.
expect if he fell into his hands. (Plut. Flamin. 438, Blomf. ), seems to shew that he had a reputa-
9. ) This reply has singularly enongh led Salmasius tion for courage, such as a single disaster could not
(De Cruce, p. 449, ap. Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. ii. p. endanger; and accordingly we find him spoken of
88) to suppose that Alcaeus was actually crucified. by ancient writers as a brave and skiiful warrior.
In another epigram, in praise of Flamininus, the (Anthol. Palat. ix. 184; Cic. Tusc. Disp. iv. 33;
mention of the Roman general's name, Titus, led | Hor. Carm. i. 32. 6; Athen. xv. p. 687. ) He
Tzetzes (Proleg. in Lycophron) into the error of thought that his lyre was best employed in ani-
imagining the existence of an epigrammatist named mating his friends to warlike deeds, and his house
Alcaeus under the emperor Titus. Those epigrams is described by himself as furnished with the wea-
of Alcaeus which bear internal evidence of their pons of war rather than with the instruments of
date, were written between the years 219 and his art. (Athen. xiv. p. 627; Fr. 24, p. 430,
196 B. C.
Blomf. ) During the period which followed the
Of the twenty-two epigrams in the Greek An- war about Sigeum, the contest between the nobles
thology which bear the name of "Alcacus," two have and the people of Mytilene was brought to a crisis ;
the word “Mytilenaeus” added to it; but Jacobs and the people, headed by a succession of leaders,
seems to be perfectly r. ght in taking this to be the who are called tyrants, and among whom are men-
addition of some ignorant copyist. Others bear tioned the names of Myrsilus, Megalagyrus, and
the name of “Alcaeus Messenius," and some of the Clcanactids, succeeded in driving the nobles
Alcaeus alone. But in the last class there are into exile. During this civil war Alcaeus engaged
several which must, from internal evidence, have actively on the side of the nobles, whose spirits he
been written by Alcaeus of Messene, and, in fact, endeavoured to cheer by a number of most ani-
there seems no reason to doubt his being the author mated odes full of invectives against the tyrants ;
of the whole twenty-two.
and after the defeat of his party, he, with his bro-
There are mentioned as contemporaries of Al- ther Antimenidas, led them again in an attempt to
caeus, two other persons of the same name, one of regain their country. To oppose this attempt Pit-
them an Epicurean philosopher, who was expelled tacus was unanimously chosen by the people as
from Rome by a decree of the senate about 173 or alovuvnios (dictator) or tyrant. He held his
154 B. c. (Perizon. ad Aelian. V. H. ix. 22; Athen. office for ten years (B. C. 589—579), and during
xii. p. 547, A. ; Suidas, s. r. 'Exíkovpos): the other that time he defeated all the efforts of the exiled
is incidentally spoken of by Polybius as being nobles, and established the constitution on a popu-
accustomed to ridicule the grammarian Isocrates lar basis ; and then he resigned his power.
(Polyb. xxxii. 6; B. c. 160. ) It is just possible (Strab. xiii. p. 617; Alcaeus, Fr. 23, p. 230,
that these two persons, of whom nothing further is Bloinf. ; Arist. Rep. iii. 9. & 5, or iii. 14; Plut.
known, may have been identical with each other, Amat. & 18, p. 763 ; Diog. Laert. i. 79; Dionys.
and with the epigrammatist.
1. p. 336, Sylb. ) [PITTACUS. ]
(Jacobs, Anthol. Graec. xiii. pp. 836-838 ; there Notwithstanding the invectives of Alcaeus
is a reference to Alcaeus of Messene in Eusebius, against him, Pittacus is said to bave set him at
Praepar. Evang. x. 2. )
[P. S. ] liberty when he had been tnken prisoner, saying
ALCAEUS ('Alxalos), of MYTILENE, in the that • forgiveness is better than revenge. ” (Diog.
island of Lesbos, the earliest of the Aeolian lyric Laert. i. 76; Valer. Max. iv. I. $ 6. ) Alcaeus
poets, began to flourish in the 42nd Olympiad has not escaped the suspicion of being moved by
when a contest had commenced between the nobles personal ambition in his opposition to Pittacus.
and the people in his native state. Alcaeus be- (Strab. xiii. p. 617. ) When Alcaeus and Anti-
Jonged by birth to the fornier party, and warmly menidas perceived that all hope of their restoration
espoused their cause. In the second year of the to Mytilene was gone, they travelled over different
42nd Olympind (B. c. 611), we find the brothers of countries. Alcacus visited Egypt (Strab. i. p. 37),
hasta
8, DEO
dy as
him un
Braai
of
of Laci
Titos
6 [JC
- Personas
TIE,
hoan be
$ wie
Gracias
onim
(HF
of 125
chichi
Honda
i bierz
Cerasi
## p. 96 (#116) #############################################
96
ALCAEUS.
ALCAMENES.
And he appears to have written poems in which his poets of Greece (1557), of which there are severiu)
Adventures by sea were described. (Hor. Curin. ii. editions, and by Fulvius Ursinus, 1568, 8vo. The
13. 28. ) Antimenidas entered the service of the more modern collections are those by Jani, Halae
king of Babylon, and performed an exploit which Sun. 1780—1782, 4to. ; by Strange, Halle, 1810,
was celebrated by Alcaeus. (Strab. xii. p. 617, 8vo. ; by Blomfield, in the “Museumi Criticum,"
Fr. 33, p. 433, Biomf. ) Nothing is known of the vol. i. p. 421, &c. , Camb. 1826, reprinted in Gais-
life of Alcaeus after this period ; but from the ford's * Poetre Graeci Minores;" and the most
political state of Mytilene it is most probable that complete edition is that of Matthiae, “ Alcaei
he died in exile.
Mytilenaei reliquiae," Lips. 1827. Additional
Among the nine principal lyric poets of Greecc fragments have been printed in the Rhenish Mu-
some ancient writers assign the first place, others the seum for 1829, 1833, and 1835; in Jahu's “Jahr-
second, to Alcaeus. His writings present to us the buch. für Philolog. " for 1830; and in Cramer's
Aeolian lyric at its highest point. But their circula- | “Anecdota Graeca," vol. i. Oxf. 1835.
tion in Greece seems to have been limited by the (Bode, Geschichte der Lyrischen Dichlkunst der
strangeness of the Aeolic dialect, and perhaps their Hellcuen, ii. p. 378, á c. )
[P. S. )
loss to us may be partly attributed to the same cause. ALCAEUS (Alkaios), the son of Miccus, was
Two recensions of the works of Alcacus were made a native of MYTILENE, according to Suidas, who
by the grammarians Aristarchus and Aristophanes. may, however, have confounded him in this point
Some fragments of his poems which remain, and with the lyric poet. He is found exhibiting at
the excellent imitations of Horace, enable us to Athens as a poct of the old comedy, or rather of
understand something of their character.
that mixed comedy, which forined the transition
His poems, which consisted of at least ten books between the old and the middle. In B. C. 380, he
(Athen. xi. p.
481), were called in general Odes, brought forward a play entitled Tao. oán, in the
Hymns, or Songs (šouata). Those which have same contest in which Aristophanes exhibited his
received the highest praise are his warlike or pa second Plutus, but, if the meaning of Suidas is
triotic odes referring to the factions of his state rightly understood, he obtained only the fifth
OTAO IWTIKS or DixooTADIQOTind, the “ Alcari mi- place. He left ten plays, of which some frage
naces Camoenae" of Horace. (Carm. ii. 13. 27 ; ments remain, and the following titles are known,
Quintil. x. 1. S 63 ; Dionys. de Vet. Script. Ecus. ii. 'Αδελφαί μοιχευομέναι, Γανυμήδης, Ενδυμίων, Ιερός
8, p. 73, Sylb. ) Among the fragments of these γάμος, Καλλιστώ, Κωμωδοτραγωδία, Παλαίστρα
are the commencement of a song of exultation over Alcaeus, a tragic poet, mentioned by Fabricius
the death of Myrsilus (Fr. 4, Blonf. ), and part of (Biblioth. Graec. ii. p. 282), does not appear to be
a comparison of his ruined party to a disabled ship a different person from Alcaeus the comedian.
(Fr. 2, Blomf. ), both of which are finely imitated The mistake of calling him a tragic pret arose
by Horace. (Carm. i. 37, i. 14. ) Many fragmenis simply from an erroneous reading of the title of his
are preserved, especially by Athenaeus (x. pp. 429, Comoedo-tragoedia. "
430), in which the poet sings the praises of wine. (The Greek Argument to the Plutus; Suidas,
(Fr. 1, 3, 16, 18, 20, Blomf. ; comp. Hor. Carm. i 9. s. v. ; Pollux, x. 1; Casaubon on Athen. iii. p.
18. ) Müller remarks, that "it may be doubted 206 ; Meineke, Fragm. Comic. Graec. i. p. 244,
whether Alcaeus composed a separate class of ii. p. 824; Bode, Geschichte der Drumatischen
drinking songs (ovutotid);. . . it is more proba- Dichtkunst der Hillenen, ii. p. 386. )
[P. S. )
ble that he connected every exhortation to drink ALCAMENES ('Al Kauévms), king of Sparta,
with some reflection, either upon the particular 10th of the Agids, son of Teleclus, commanded, ac-
circumstances of the time, or upon man's desting cording to Pausanias, in the night-expedition
in general. ” Of his erotic poems we have but few against Ampheia, which commenced the first Mes-
remains. Among them were some addressed to senian war, but died before its 4th year. This
Sappho; one of which, with Sappho’s reply, is would fix the 38 years assigned him by Apollodorus,
preserved by Aristotle (Rhet. i. 9; Fr. 38, Biomf. ; about 779 to 742 B. C. In his reign Helos was
Sappho, fr. 30), and others to beautiful youths. taken, a place near the mouth of the Eurotas,
(Hor. Carm. i. 32. 10; Cic. de Nai. Deor. i. 28, the last independent hold most likely of the old
Tusc. Quaest. iv. 33. ) Most of his remaining poems Achaean population, and the supposed origin of the
are religious hymns and epigrams. Many of his term Helot. (Paus. iii. 2. $ 7, iv. 4. § 3, 5. & 3;
poems are addressed to his friends individually. Herod. vi. 204 ; Plut. Apopieti. Lac. ) (A. H. C. )
The poetry of Alcaeus is always impassioned. ALCA'MENES ('Alkauévtis), the son of Sthe
Not only with him, but with the Aeolic school in nelaides, whom Agis appointed as barmost of the
general, poetry was not a mere art, but the plain Lesbians, when they wished to revolt from the
and warm outpouring of the writer's inmost feelings. Athenians in 1. C. 412. When Alcamenes put to
The metres of Alcaeus were generally lively, sea with twenty-one ships to sail to Chios, he was
and his poems seem to have been constructed in pursued by the Athenian feet off the Isthmus of
short single strophes, in all of which the corres- Corinth, and driven on shore. The Athenians at-
ponding lines were of the same metre, as in the tacked the ships when on shore, and Alcamenes
odes of Horace. He is said to have invented the was killed in the engagement. (Thuc. viii. 5, 10. )
well-known Alcaic strophe.
ALCAMENES ('Alkauévns), a distinguished
His likeness is preserved, together with that of statuary and sculptor, a native of Athens. (Plin.
Pittacus, on a brass coin of Mytilene in the Royal | H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ) Suidas (s. 2. ) calls him a
Museum at Paris, which is engraved by Visconti. Lemnian (if by Alcamenes he ineans the artist).
(Icon. Pl. ir. No. 3. )
This K. 0. Müller (Arch. der Kunst. p. 96) inter-
The fragments of Alcaeus were first collected prets to mean that he was a cleruchus, or holder of
by Mich. Neander in his “Aristologia Pindarica," one of the kiñpo: Leninos. Voss, who is fol-
Basil. 1556, 8vo. , then by Henry Stephens in his lowed by Thiersch (Epochen der bild. K'unst, p.
collection of the fragments of the nine chief lyric | 130), conjectured that the true reading is nipinos,
1
## p. 97 (#117) #############################################
ALCAMENES.
97
ALCATHOUS.
and accordingly that Alcamenes was born in the of carving as an amateur. (Winckelmann, vii. 4,
district called the Aluval, which is in some degree 5. ).
(C. P. M. )
confirmed by his having made a statue of Dionysus ALCANDER ("Arnavopos). There are three
in gold and ivory to adorn a temple of that god in mythical personages of this name, who are men-
the Lenaeum, a part of the Limnae. (Paus. i. 20. tioned respectively in Hom. II. v. 678 ; Virg. Aen.
§ 2. ) He was the most famous of the pupils of ix. 766 ; Antonin. Lib. 14. A female Alcandra
Phidias, but was not so close an imitator of his occurs in the Od. iv. 125.
(L. S. )
master as Agoracritus. Like his fellow-pupil, he ALCANDER ("Annavopos), a young Spartan,
exercised his talent chiefly in making statues of who attacked Lycurgus and thrust out one of his
the deities. By ancient writers he is ranked eyes, when his fellow-citizens were discontented
amongst the most distinguished artists, and is con- with the laws he proposed. His mangled face,
sidered by Pausanias second only to Phidias. however, produced shame and repentance in his
(Quintil. xii. 10. § 8; Dionys. De Demosth. acum. enemies, and they delivered up Alcander to him to
vol. vi. p. 1108, ed. Reiske; Paus. v. 10. $ 2. ) be punished as he thought fit. But Lycurgus par-
He flourished from about OL. 84 (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. doned his outrage, and thus converted him into
8. s. 19) to Ol. 95 (B.
from some of which his date may be easily fixed. Pituacus, who commanded the army of Mytilenc,
He was contemporary with Philip III. , king of slew with his own hand the leader of the Athe-
Macedonia, and son of Demetrius, against whom nians, Phrynon, an Olympic victor, the Mytile-
several of his epigrams are pointed, apparently naeans were defeated, and Alcaeus incurred the
from patriotic feelings. One of these epigrams, disgrace of leaving his arms behind on the field of
however, gave even more offence to the Roman battle; these arms were hung up as a trophy by
general, Flamininus, than to Philip, on account of the Athenians in the temple of Pallas at Sigeum.
the author's ascribing the victory of Cynoscepha- (Herod. v. 95; Plut. de Herod. Mulig. s. 15, p.
lae to the Aetolians as much as to the Romans. 858; Strab. xiii. pp. 599, 600; Euseb. Chron.
Philip contented himself with writing an epigram Olym. xliii. 3; Clinton, Fasti, i. p. 219. ) His
in reply to that of Alcaeus, in which he gave the sending home the news of this disaster in a poem,
Messenian a very broad hint of the fate he night addressed to his friend Melanippus (Fr. 56, p.
expect if he fell into his hands. (Plut. Flamin. 438, Blomf. ), seems to shew that he had a reputa-
9. ) This reply has singularly enongh led Salmasius tion for courage, such as a single disaster could not
(De Cruce, p. 449, ap. Fabric. Biblioth. Graec. ii. p. endanger; and accordingly we find him spoken of
88) to suppose that Alcaeus was actually crucified. by ancient writers as a brave and skiiful warrior.
In another epigram, in praise of Flamininus, the (Anthol. Palat. ix. 184; Cic. Tusc. Disp. iv. 33;
mention of the Roman general's name, Titus, led | Hor. Carm. i. 32. 6; Athen. xv. p. 687. ) He
Tzetzes (Proleg. in Lycophron) into the error of thought that his lyre was best employed in ani-
imagining the existence of an epigrammatist named mating his friends to warlike deeds, and his house
Alcaeus under the emperor Titus. Those epigrams is described by himself as furnished with the wea-
of Alcaeus which bear internal evidence of their pons of war rather than with the instruments of
date, were written between the years 219 and his art. (Athen. xiv. p. 627; Fr. 24, p. 430,
196 B. C.
Blomf. ) During the period which followed the
Of the twenty-two epigrams in the Greek An- war about Sigeum, the contest between the nobles
thology which bear the name of "Alcacus," two have and the people of Mytilene was brought to a crisis ;
the word “Mytilenaeus” added to it; but Jacobs and the people, headed by a succession of leaders,
seems to be perfectly r. ght in taking this to be the who are called tyrants, and among whom are men-
addition of some ignorant copyist. Others bear tioned the names of Myrsilus, Megalagyrus, and
the name of “Alcaeus Messenius," and some of the Clcanactids, succeeded in driving the nobles
Alcaeus alone. But in the last class there are into exile. During this civil war Alcaeus engaged
several which must, from internal evidence, have actively on the side of the nobles, whose spirits he
been written by Alcaeus of Messene, and, in fact, endeavoured to cheer by a number of most ani-
there seems no reason to doubt his being the author mated odes full of invectives against the tyrants ;
of the whole twenty-two.
and after the defeat of his party, he, with his bro-
There are mentioned as contemporaries of Al- ther Antimenidas, led them again in an attempt to
caeus, two other persons of the same name, one of regain their country. To oppose this attempt Pit-
them an Epicurean philosopher, who was expelled tacus was unanimously chosen by the people as
from Rome by a decree of the senate about 173 or alovuvnios (dictator) or tyrant. He held his
154 B. c. (Perizon. ad Aelian. V. H. ix. 22; Athen. office for ten years (B. C. 589—579), and during
xii. p. 547, A. ; Suidas, s. r. 'Exíkovpos): the other that time he defeated all the efforts of the exiled
is incidentally spoken of by Polybius as being nobles, and established the constitution on a popu-
accustomed to ridicule the grammarian Isocrates lar basis ; and then he resigned his power.
(Polyb. xxxii. 6; B. c. 160. ) It is just possible (Strab. xiii. p. 617; Alcaeus, Fr. 23, p. 230,
that these two persons, of whom nothing further is Bloinf. ; Arist. Rep. iii. 9. & 5, or iii. 14; Plut.
known, may have been identical with each other, Amat. & 18, p. 763 ; Diog. Laert. i. 79; Dionys.
and with the epigrammatist.
1. p. 336, Sylb. ) [PITTACUS. ]
(Jacobs, Anthol. Graec. xiii. pp. 836-838 ; there Notwithstanding the invectives of Alcaeus
is a reference to Alcaeus of Messene in Eusebius, against him, Pittacus is said to bave set him at
Praepar. Evang. x. 2. )
[P. S. ] liberty when he had been tnken prisoner, saying
ALCAEUS ('Alxalos), of MYTILENE, in the that • forgiveness is better than revenge. ” (Diog.
island of Lesbos, the earliest of the Aeolian lyric Laert. i. 76; Valer. Max. iv. I. $ 6. ) Alcaeus
poets, began to flourish in the 42nd Olympiad has not escaped the suspicion of being moved by
when a contest had commenced between the nobles personal ambition in his opposition to Pittacus.
and the people in his native state. Alcaeus be- (Strab. xiii. p. 617. ) When Alcaeus and Anti-
Jonged by birth to the fornier party, and warmly menidas perceived that all hope of their restoration
espoused their cause. In the second year of the to Mytilene was gone, they travelled over different
42nd Olympind (B. c. 611), we find the brothers of countries. Alcacus visited Egypt (Strab. i. p. 37),
hasta
8, DEO
dy as
him un
Braai
of
of Laci
Titos
6 [JC
- Personas
TIE,
hoan be
$ wie
Gracias
onim
(HF
of 125
chichi
Honda
i bierz
Cerasi
## p. 96 (#116) #############################################
96
ALCAEUS.
ALCAMENES.
And he appears to have written poems in which his poets of Greece (1557), of which there are severiu)
Adventures by sea were described. (Hor. Curin. ii. editions, and by Fulvius Ursinus, 1568, 8vo. The
13. 28. ) Antimenidas entered the service of the more modern collections are those by Jani, Halae
king of Babylon, and performed an exploit which Sun. 1780—1782, 4to. ; by Strange, Halle, 1810,
was celebrated by Alcaeus. (Strab. xii. p. 617, 8vo. ; by Blomfield, in the “Museumi Criticum,"
Fr. 33, p. 433, Biomf. ) Nothing is known of the vol. i. p. 421, &c. , Camb. 1826, reprinted in Gais-
life of Alcaeus after this period ; but from the ford's * Poetre Graeci Minores;" and the most
political state of Mytilene it is most probable that complete edition is that of Matthiae, “ Alcaei
he died in exile.
Mytilenaei reliquiae," Lips. 1827. Additional
Among the nine principal lyric poets of Greecc fragments have been printed in the Rhenish Mu-
some ancient writers assign the first place, others the seum for 1829, 1833, and 1835; in Jahu's “Jahr-
second, to Alcaeus. His writings present to us the buch. für Philolog. " for 1830; and in Cramer's
Aeolian lyric at its highest point. But their circula- | “Anecdota Graeca," vol. i. Oxf. 1835.
tion in Greece seems to have been limited by the (Bode, Geschichte der Lyrischen Dichlkunst der
strangeness of the Aeolic dialect, and perhaps their Hellcuen, ii. p. 378, á c. )
[P. S. )
loss to us may be partly attributed to the same cause. ALCAEUS (Alkaios), the son of Miccus, was
Two recensions of the works of Alcacus were made a native of MYTILENE, according to Suidas, who
by the grammarians Aristarchus and Aristophanes. may, however, have confounded him in this point
Some fragments of his poems which remain, and with the lyric poet. He is found exhibiting at
the excellent imitations of Horace, enable us to Athens as a poct of the old comedy, or rather of
understand something of their character.
that mixed comedy, which forined the transition
His poems, which consisted of at least ten books between the old and the middle. In B. C. 380, he
(Athen. xi. p.
481), were called in general Odes, brought forward a play entitled Tao. oán, in the
Hymns, or Songs (šouata). Those which have same contest in which Aristophanes exhibited his
received the highest praise are his warlike or pa second Plutus, but, if the meaning of Suidas is
triotic odes referring to the factions of his state rightly understood, he obtained only the fifth
OTAO IWTIKS or DixooTADIQOTind, the “ Alcari mi- place. He left ten plays, of which some frage
naces Camoenae" of Horace. (Carm. ii. 13. 27 ; ments remain, and the following titles are known,
Quintil. x. 1. S 63 ; Dionys. de Vet. Script. Ecus. ii. 'Αδελφαί μοιχευομέναι, Γανυμήδης, Ενδυμίων, Ιερός
8, p. 73, Sylb. ) Among the fragments of these γάμος, Καλλιστώ, Κωμωδοτραγωδία, Παλαίστρα
are the commencement of a song of exultation over Alcaeus, a tragic poet, mentioned by Fabricius
the death of Myrsilus (Fr. 4, Blonf. ), and part of (Biblioth. Graec. ii. p. 282), does not appear to be
a comparison of his ruined party to a disabled ship a different person from Alcaeus the comedian.
(Fr. 2, Blomf. ), both of which are finely imitated The mistake of calling him a tragic pret arose
by Horace. (Carm. i. 37, i. 14. ) Many fragmenis simply from an erroneous reading of the title of his
are preserved, especially by Athenaeus (x. pp. 429, Comoedo-tragoedia. "
430), in which the poet sings the praises of wine. (The Greek Argument to the Plutus; Suidas,
(Fr. 1, 3, 16, 18, 20, Blomf. ; comp. Hor. Carm. i 9. s. v. ; Pollux, x. 1; Casaubon on Athen. iii. p.
18. ) Müller remarks, that "it may be doubted 206 ; Meineke, Fragm. Comic. Graec. i. p. 244,
whether Alcaeus composed a separate class of ii. p. 824; Bode, Geschichte der Drumatischen
drinking songs (ovutotid);. . . it is more proba- Dichtkunst der Hillenen, ii. p. 386. )
[P. S. )
ble that he connected every exhortation to drink ALCAMENES ('Al Kauévms), king of Sparta,
with some reflection, either upon the particular 10th of the Agids, son of Teleclus, commanded, ac-
circumstances of the time, or upon man's desting cording to Pausanias, in the night-expedition
in general. ” Of his erotic poems we have but few against Ampheia, which commenced the first Mes-
remains. Among them were some addressed to senian war, but died before its 4th year. This
Sappho; one of which, with Sappho’s reply, is would fix the 38 years assigned him by Apollodorus,
preserved by Aristotle (Rhet. i. 9; Fr. 38, Biomf. ; about 779 to 742 B. C. In his reign Helos was
Sappho, fr. 30), and others to beautiful youths. taken, a place near the mouth of the Eurotas,
(Hor. Carm. i. 32. 10; Cic. de Nai. Deor. i. 28, the last independent hold most likely of the old
Tusc. Quaest. iv. 33. ) Most of his remaining poems Achaean population, and the supposed origin of the
are religious hymns and epigrams. Many of his term Helot. (Paus. iii. 2. $ 7, iv. 4. § 3, 5. & 3;
poems are addressed to his friends individually. Herod. vi. 204 ; Plut. Apopieti. Lac. ) (A. H. C. )
The poetry of Alcaeus is always impassioned. ALCA'MENES ('Alkauévtis), the son of Sthe
Not only with him, but with the Aeolic school in nelaides, whom Agis appointed as barmost of the
general, poetry was not a mere art, but the plain Lesbians, when they wished to revolt from the
and warm outpouring of the writer's inmost feelings. Athenians in 1. C. 412. When Alcamenes put to
The metres of Alcaeus were generally lively, sea with twenty-one ships to sail to Chios, he was
and his poems seem to have been constructed in pursued by the Athenian feet off the Isthmus of
short single strophes, in all of which the corres- Corinth, and driven on shore. The Athenians at-
ponding lines were of the same metre, as in the tacked the ships when on shore, and Alcamenes
odes of Horace. He is said to have invented the was killed in the engagement. (Thuc. viii. 5, 10. )
well-known Alcaic strophe.
ALCAMENES ('Alkauévns), a distinguished
His likeness is preserved, together with that of statuary and sculptor, a native of Athens. (Plin.
Pittacus, on a brass coin of Mytilene in the Royal | H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ) Suidas (s. 2. ) calls him a
Museum at Paris, which is engraved by Visconti. Lemnian (if by Alcamenes he ineans the artist).
(Icon. Pl. ir. No. 3. )
This K. 0. Müller (Arch. der Kunst. p. 96) inter-
The fragments of Alcaeus were first collected prets to mean that he was a cleruchus, or holder of
by Mich. Neander in his “Aristologia Pindarica," one of the kiñpo: Leninos. Voss, who is fol-
Basil. 1556, 8vo. , then by Henry Stephens in his lowed by Thiersch (Epochen der bild. K'unst, p.
collection of the fragments of the nine chief lyric | 130), conjectured that the true reading is nipinos,
1
## p. 97 (#117) #############################################
ALCAMENES.
97
ALCATHOUS.
and accordingly that Alcamenes was born in the of carving as an amateur. (Winckelmann, vii. 4,
district called the Aluval, which is in some degree 5. ).
(C. P. M. )
confirmed by his having made a statue of Dionysus ALCANDER ("Arnavopos). There are three
in gold and ivory to adorn a temple of that god in mythical personages of this name, who are men-
the Lenaeum, a part of the Limnae. (Paus. i. 20. tioned respectively in Hom. II. v. 678 ; Virg. Aen.
§ 2. ) He was the most famous of the pupils of ix. 766 ; Antonin. Lib. 14. A female Alcandra
Phidias, but was not so close an imitator of his occurs in the Od. iv. 125.
(L. S. )
master as Agoracritus. Like his fellow-pupil, he ALCANDER ("Annavopos), a young Spartan,
exercised his talent chiefly in making statues of who attacked Lycurgus and thrust out one of his
the deities. By ancient writers he is ranked eyes, when his fellow-citizens were discontented
amongst the most distinguished artists, and is con- with the laws he proposed. His mangled face,
sidered by Pausanias second only to Phidias. however, produced shame and repentance in his
(Quintil. xii. 10. § 8; Dionys. De Demosth. acum. enemies, and they delivered up Alcander to him to
vol. vi. p. 1108, ed. Reiske; Paus. v. 10. $ 2. ) be punished as he thought fit. But Lycurgus par-
He flourished from about OL. 84 (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. doned his outrage, and thus converted him into
8. s. 19) to Ol. 95 (B.
