Voss, the study of, mentioned in
connection
with philo-
logy, viii.
logy, viii.
Nietzsche - v18 - Epilogue, Index
power and of valua-
tions, 161-82; the standpoint of value, 179-82;
the communal standard and judgment of, 188;
concerning the optics of valuation, 223; the
order of rank in human values, 319; the trans-
valuation of all values, the aim of the neiv
aristocracy, 363; fundamental concept—the
new values must first be created, 378; what
transvaluation of, implies, 390 ; standpoint from
which Nietzsche's valuations are determined,
391-
— the value of life cannot be estimated—an astonishingly
subtle axiom, xvi. 10; convictions and the
valuer, 209; the Renaissance as the transvalua-
tion of Christian values, 228; the people's
estimation of the good, 259.
Vandyck, in all those whom he painted, added a certain
amount of what he himself valued, xiii. 220.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathusira. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power.
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
;
323
## p. 324 (#436) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Vanity, what ministers to man's, ii. 175.
— the poverty of the human mind without, vi. 85; the
skin of the soul, 87; phases of, described, 88;
self-enjoyment in, 367; marvellous vanity, 373;
arrears of, 374; as educator, 378; alluded to,
174.
— to the denier of his, vil 32; the human "thing in
itself," 34; a form of, 40; the wish to appear
vain, 128; its demonstration to friend and
foe, 133; in old men, 140; an anti-social
after-growth, 210; the meaning of the word
considered, 228; the origins of, and its great
utility, 283.
— and setting up as an individual, viii. 116.
— on vain people, ix. 296; passionate people above
vanity, 299; the sanctuary of exceptional vanity,
357; alluded to, 289.
— Zarathustra more forbearing to the vain than to the
proud, xi. 172.
— on wounding, xii. 92; when distasteful, 100; most
difficult for men of noble character to under-
stand, 232; as the result of an extraordinary
atavism, 233; the vain person's characteristic,
*33-
Vauvenargues, the books of, praised, vii. 302.
Veaux (Clothilde de), quoted, xvi. 106.
Veda, the, the poets of, not fit to unfasten the sandal of
Zarathustra, xvii. 107.
Vedanta, the, the lie developed by the Aryan philosophers
of, xiv. 120.
Vega (Lope de), quoted on Emerson, xvi. 71.
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow :—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
324
## p. 325 (#437) ############################################
VEGETARIANISM—VIRTUE
Vegetarianism, the controversy for and against, states
there is no philosophy of nutrition, x. 43.
— the nonsense of, alluded to, xiii. 169.
— Nietzsche converted back to meat by Wagner, xvii.
Vegetarians, the ultimate aims of, dangerous, x. 180.
Veneration, man as a venerating animal, x. 283; would
it be Nihilism to do away with our venerations?
284.
Vergil, the use made of, by Dante, i. 148.
Vernet (Horace), alluded to, xiv. 88.
Viciousness, as a result of decadence, xiv. 34.
Victory, there is joy only where there is, v. 117.
— the seat of, vii. 165; how we must conquer, 361.
— by victory the conqueror is deprived of the fear of
defeat, x. 188.
— Zarathustra prays that he may be inexorable in his
victory—Ah! who hath not succumbed to his
victory? xi. 262.
Vicvamitra, King, the story of the new heaven of, xiii. 147.
Vigny (Alfred de), his pessimism of compassion, xv. 400.
Vinci (Leonardo da), instanced as one of the finest
examples of mankind, xii. 122-3.
— his superchristian outlook, xiii. 216.
— his works alluded to, xvii. 44.
Vindication, fallacious arguments used in, x. 194.
Virchow, where wrong in his ethnology, xiii. 25.
Virgil. See " Vergil. "
Virtue, regarding, vi. 80; different experiences lead to
misunderstanding concerning, 84; the sleep
of, 87.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
325
## p. 326 (#438) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Virtue, not invented by the Germans, vii. 143; the scape-
goat of, 158.
— on the display of, by the ancients as the actors of
virtue, ix. 35; refined cruelty as a, 36.
— the Christian school of scepticism and the professors
of virtue, x. 164; the brutal form of, desired by
the Christian saints, 183-4; a time for every,
187.
— The Academy Chairs of Virtue (Zarathustra's dis-
course), xi. 28-31; possessed in common with
no one, 38; the advantage of having a single
virtue, 39 ; jealous is every virtue of others, 40;
the devisers and judges of their own virtue, 72-4;
The Bestowing Virtue, 85-91; the origins of your
virtue, 87 ; so much flown-away virtue, 88; The
Virtuous, 109-12; The Bedwarfing Virtue, 202-9;
modern man's virtue, as only compatible with
comfort in moderation, 204-5 , ^d that which
maketh modest and tame, 206.
— on believing in one's own, xii. 159; the inclination
of virtue to stupidity, and the reverse, 173; most
injured by the tediousness of its advocates, 174.
— as our greatest misunderstanding, xiv. 47; defined,
238; the politics of, 248-51; the means by which
it attains power, 252; how virtue is made to
dominate, (4, Part ii. Book i. ) 248-63; defended
against its preachers, 257; positive virtue, 257;
negative virtue, 258; under certain circum-
stances, merely a venerable form of stupidity,
260; the patrons of, 261; as the most expensive
vice, 262; results of the criticism—/ have lent
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow:—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thought* out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
326
## p. 327 (#439) ############################################
VIRTUE—VISION
new charms to virtue, 263; the postulated im-
provement of man by, 312; as opposed to
happiness hitherto, 313.
Virtue, in its Renaissance sense—free from moralic acid,
xv. 199; an economic justification of, 321-3; the
mighty man who first declares his happy state
to be, 404.
— the concept not even real, xvii. 52.
Virtues, those that are profitable to, and those that
damage society, vii. 215; spring from varied
soils, cultivated by the skilful teacher, 233.
— on warm and cold, ix. 255; escaping from one's,
353; the four cardinal, 387; the vanity of
concealing one's virtues, 387.
— man as the victim of his, x. 57-8; the interests of
society and, 58; education and the virtues, 59;
the motives and principle of, 60; the superiority
of positive to negative, 238.
— concerning, xii. 95; Our Virtues, (Chap, vii. ) 159-90.
— as psychological conditions—refined passions, xiv.
213.
— the three Christian virtues, xvi. 153.
Virtuoso, the, the weaknesses and follies of, explained,
vi. 175.
Virtuous man, the, his attitude towards history—he ever
swims against its waves, v. 74.
Vischer, on Holderlin, iv. 20; alluded to, 22.
Vision, the faculty of having visions as estimated in the
Middle Ages, ix. 65.
— The Vision and the Enigma (Zarathustra's discourse),
xi. 187-93.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zaraihustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
i
327
## p. 328 (#440) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Visionaries, against, vii. 15; may profitably be consorted
with by some, 105.
Vita Contemplativa, the, on determining the value of, ix.
46; its origin, 48; concerning, 50; Luther, and
the Christian, 88; and renunciation, 318.
Vocal music, with lyric poetry, exists only for those who
join in singing, ii. 41.
Volition, the expression—"I wish," ix. 130; and the
domains of chance, 134; on knowing what you
want, 365.
— See also under "Will. "
Voltaire, on David Strauss's commendation of, iv. 76;
and simulation of, 79.
— his name inscribed on the banner of enlightenment,
vi. 42; and modern poetry—a criticism, 201;
his mockery, and the increasing severity of the
world, 223; quoted, 317; alluded to, 334.
— quoted, vii. 14; his revenge on Piron and Frederick
the Great, 316.
— on Homer, viii. 133.
— and the Christian ideal, ix. 139; the German natural
philosophers and, 199.
— concerning, x. 76; his pity for animals, 136; his re-
serve on points of court language and standard
of style, 139.
— HomerandtheAw^r/ca/«»^unintelligibleto,xii. 168.
— quoted, xiv. 73; alluded to, 74; his conclusions on
nature and man, 82; fights for the cause of pro-
gress and civilisation, 83; the effects of his envy
and hatred of Rousseau's success, 84; the
struggle between him and Rousseau, 101.
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow:—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
^
328
## p. 329 (#441) ############################################
VOLTAIRE—WAGNER
Voltaire, Human, all-too-Human published on the hun-
dredth anniversary of his death, xvii. 83.
Voluntary Death (Zarathustra's discourse), xi. 82-5.
Voluptuousness, placed in the scales by Zarathustra, xi.
229; defined and revalued—but I will have
hedges round my thoughts, 230.
Voss, the study of, mentioned in connection with philo-
logy, viii. 115.
Vulgarity, the modern age and its consciousness of its,
iv. 142.
— the relationship between shame and, x. 108.
Wackernagel (Wilhelm), quoted, v. 69.
Wagner, regarding, i. 8; Foreword to Richard Wagner, 19;
on the poet's task—Hans Sachs quoted, 22 ; and
the neutralising effect of music, 60; his assertion
on aesthetics in his essay on Beethoven quoted,
122; accredits Schopenhauer with clearness of
expression on musical subjects, 123 et seq. ; the
rise and influence of, 150-1; Tristan undIsolde,
Act Hi. analysed, 161-7; the libretto quoted,
169; his Lohengrin, 173.
— on Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, ii. 39; and healing
through music, 75.
— in Bayreuth, iv. 101; his dedicative address quoted,
102; the occasion of the laying of the founda-
tion stone at Bayreuth, 105; the dramatic ele-
ment in the development of, 106; problems
presented by his childhood and youth, 107; the
reverse of the precocious type, 108; the spirit
that manifested itself in, 109; the other side of
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
1
329
## p. 330 (#442) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
his nature brought into view, iv. 110; the star of
"fidelity—unselfish fidelity,"and the two natures
of, 111; the conflict between his aspirations and
his inability to release them, 112; the develop-
ment of his talent for acquiring knowledge, 115;
his handling of history, 117; and of philosophy,
120; relationship of, with AEschylus, 122; the
great mission of, as a "simplifier of the uni-
verse," 123; theatrical reform, 124; Bayreuth,
125; and the simplification of the universe, 131;
his discovery of the connection between "music
and life," and " music and the drama," 132; the
first to recognise the decline of language, 132;
the curse of convention, and its antidote, 133-4;
the relation between the perfect worlds of sound
and sight, 135; the summons of, 137; the voice
of his art, 145; the nature foreordained through
which music expresses itself, 147; the peculiar
magnetism of his nature, 148; as the dithy-
rambic dramatist, 149; the ecstatic moments of
the dramatist, 154 ; his evolution as dithyrambic
dramatist, 155; grand opera recognised as the
means of expressing his thoughts, 157; Meyer-
beer and stage effects, 157; as the revolutionist
of society, 159; the recognition of the poetry
of the people by, 159-60; the questions in
Tannhauser and Lohengrin, 162; his question
not understood, 163 ;. Tristan und Isolde, 165;
the appearance of friends, 166; instances of his
simple bearing and prudence revealed by the
Franco-German war, 167; the performances of
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow:—I. Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. III. Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
330
## p. 331 (#443) ############################################
WAGNER
his early works, iv. 167-8; the bitterest pain of
all to, 170; the idea of Bayreuth conceived, 170;
the vague reminiscences of his own heroic life in
his masterpieces, 171; the classification of, as
an artist, 172; as a poet and word painter, 174;
word, gesture, sound, his threefold presentation
of dramatic action, 177; the musician, 179 ; the
harmony resulting from strife in his music, 183;
his steadfastness and avoidance of waylayers,
187 ; and posterity, 189; the man of letters, 192;
no Utopian, 198; the interpreter and clarifier of
the past, 204.
Wagner, the example of, and what it shows, v. 119; the
strength which enabled him to hold out against
so-called German culture, 120; quoted on the
German characteristics, 164.
— Nietzsche refers to his early essay on, and enlarges
on its significance, vii. 2; the severance of the
intimacy between Nietzsche and Wagner, 4; his
aims and methods, 71; Wagnerism and the
school of Wagner, 89.
— the orchestration of, viii. 1; the most ill-mannered
genius, 2; did not understand love, 4; and the
problem of salvation, 5; his operas quoted to
show their leitmotif—salvation, 6; saves Goethe,
9; aground on Schopenhauer's philosophy, 10;
the artist of decadence, 11; the Germans de-
ceive themselves concerning, 12; the great cor-
rupter of music, 14; the success of, become flesh
and blood, supposed to be speaking, 14-8; the
transformation of art into histrionics a sign of
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecu Homo.
331
## p. 332 (#444) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
degradation, viii. 19; his dramatic style, 21;
possesses the virtue of decadents—pity, 22 ; the
most astounding theatrical genius, 23 ; above all
an actor, 25; no dramatist, 27; the writings of,
29; Hegel's heir—music as idea, 31; the rise of
the actor in music, 32; where the influence of,
has been beneficent, 33; perhaps the greatest
example of self-violence, 35; what Wagner has
cost us, 36-42 ; the value of the resistance offered
to, 36; curious occurrence at the funeral of, 38;
influence of the worship of, on culture, 38; a
seducer on a grand scale, 39; Parsifal instanced,
40; the youthlet under the influence of, 40; bad
for youths—fatal to women, 41; the female
Wagnerite, 42; his contribution to the fall of
music, 43; represents thorough corruption, 44;
Brahms and, 46; master morality and, 48;
Christianity adjusted for female Wagnerites, 50;
the Cagliostro of modernity, 51; where he is un-
approachable, 57; admired when he sets him-
self to music, 58; the lack of marching and
dancing rhythm in his music, 59; the mimo-
maniac objected to, 60; unending melody—
chaos for rhythm, 62; the climax, 62; the ap-
propriation of old sagas by, 64; how first inter-
preted by Nietzsche, 65; with Schopenhauer
among Nietzsche's antipodes, 66; Paris the very
soil for, 69 ; Parsifal, 70; his apostasy from and
return to obscurantist ideals, 72; Nietzsche's
account of how he took leave of, in his soul, 73;
his loneliness without Wagner, 74; the ideal
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow :—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
i__ . A
332
## p. 333 (#445) ############################################
WAGNER
monster and the Wagner of Bayreuth, viii. 86;
the principal reason of opposition to theartof, 87;
the impression he gives of art, 88; his ideas be-
come manias, 89 ; the envy of, 91; his teutonism,
92; stupefaction or intoxication constitutes the
art of, 94; the second act of Gbtterddmmerung
examined, 96; his rejection of form, 98; his
style, 100; Nietzsche's loftiest duty towards,
101; the effects of, 102; his appearance a great
event in philology, 120; and the system of edu-
cation which does not enable him to be under-
stood, 136; highly prized his art, 149; the
powerful effect of Orestes on, 181.
Wagner, on unconditional homage to, ix. 169; his music,
229; at the climax of his powers, 370.
— the relative value of words and music in his works,
x. 113-4; as Hegelian and Schopenhauerian,
134; Schopenhauerian traits in, 135; the
loyalty to what is true in, 136 ; his maintenance
of what was right in his own eyes, 137 ; Richard
Wagner in Bayreuth quoted, 137 ; physiological
objections to the music of—the cynic speaks,
328; the drama and music made to serve
theatrical attitudes by, 329; as romanticist,
332-3-
— Zarathustra laments his favourite minstrel, xi. 133;
The Magician, 306-14; The Song of Melan-
choly, 363-8; the magician of Zarathustra—ere
night cometh will he again learn to love and laud
me, 372; the old magician assists to perform
the ass litany, 382.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
1
333
## p. 334 (#446) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Wagner, his character of Kundry, a Schopenhauer conse-
quence, xii. 67; his overture to Die Meistersingcr
critically estimated, 191; as having set Hegel's
riddles to music, 199 ; his Tannhduser as not yet
forgotten music, 201; his influence in France,
214; his relation to the later French romanti-
cism, 218; sources of distinction in his art, 220;
the character of Siegfried, 220; atoned for Sieg-
fried by preaching the way to Rome, 220-1.
— the homage he paid to chastity in his old age, xiii.
122; Die Meistersinger, 122 ; Parsifal, 124; the
artist-author of Parsifal, 126; his going over to
Schopenhauer, 128; the cleavage between his
earlier and later aesthetic faiths, 129; became a
telephone from the other world, 129; talked not
music only but metaphysic, 130; his promised
autobiography, 180; alluded to, 217, 221, 225.
— the undignified attempt to regard him as mentally
unsound, xiv. 70; his Parsifal instanced, 71;
his dislike of Rome, 87; French and German
romanticism synthesised by, 89; the problem
concerning, 89 ; Parsifal ref'erred to, 96; alluded
to, 74, 88.
— an example of the art of tyrannising, xv. 267; his
music at bottom is literature, 268; his Edda
characters, 269; his dramatic style in music,
273-5; courage of, 276; and limitations, 277;
the last great romanticist according to the French
conception, 279; instanced as a type, 302;
Nietzsche and Wagfier towards 1876, 389.
— Parsifal and Bayreuth, xvi. 83.
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow:—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
>
334
## p. 335 (#447) ############################################
WAGNER—WANDERER
Wagner, Nietzsche on his attack, xvii. 24; converted Nietz-
sche back from vegetarianism, 31 ; Nietzsche on
his most intimate relationship with, 41; his flight
to Paris, 42; aphorism 269 in Beyond Good and
£01/said to have reference to, 43 ; the unforgive-
able point in—that he condescended to the Ger-
mans, 43; Tristan und Isolde, 43; his non plus
ultra, 44; declared by Nietzsche to have been
the greatest benefactor of his life, 44; the Sieg-
fried Idyll referred to, 45; Nietzsche on his
criticism and translation of Wagner, 74; the
essay Wagner in Bayreuth, 74; as type merely
in the essay—in other words Nietzsche, 76; as
cypher for Nietzsche—the same use was made
of Socrates by Plato, 81; falling into the hands
of the Wagnerites at Bayreuth, 84; the perfect
Bayreuthian, 85; the crossing of Parsifal with
Human, all-too-Human, 89; The Case of Wagner
reviewed by Nietzsche, 121; and Nietzsche's
heavy guns, 122; his love for Wagner, 122; his
intercourse with him, 129.
Wagner (Mme. Cosima), her example of higher culture
of French origin, xvii. 38.
Wahabites, the, the two mortal sins of, instanced, x. 80.
Waking, the day's first thought on, vi. 377.
Walkyrie, the, the ride of, viii. 21.
Wanderer, the, an exhortation to, iii. 6.
— among the free spirits, vi. 405.
— the lament of the wanderer—out of the seventh soli-
tude, x. 241.
— his appeal for a second mask, xii. 251.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathusira. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
i». XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
335
## p. 336 (#448) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Wanderer, The (Zarathustra's discourse), xi. 183-7.
Wanderer and his Shadow, The, vii. 181 et seq.
— written in 1879 at Naumburg, xvii. 10; alluded
to, 88.
Waiting, on the power of, vi. 77.
War, the only remedy against—the deviation of the State,
ii. 15.
— the moral consequences and dangers of, iv. 3.
— pro et contra, vi. 322; not to be dispensed with, 349;
casus belli and the like, 379.
— a remedy for national weakness, vii. 288.
— on wars, ix. 182.
— the masses and religious wars, x. 180.
— War and Wam<w(Zarathustra'sdiscourse),xi. 51-3;
the good war halloweth every cause, 52; Zara-
thustra—man shall betrained for war,and woman
for the diversion of the warrior, 75.
— the renunciation of war is the renunciation of a grand
life, xvi. 29; Skirmishes in a war with the age,
(Chap, ix. ) 60-111.
— on waging war, xvii. 23; Nietzsche's war tactics re-
duced to four principles, 23.
Warrior, the, wisdom . . . ever loveth only a warrior, xi. 44;
liketh not too sweet fruits—therefore liketh he
women, 75.
— as educator, xv. 379.
Water, Thales' hypothesis of, ii. 86.
— versus alcoholic drinks, xvii. 30-1; on drinking from
running brooks, 32.
Waterfall, the, as illustrating the doctrines of free-will and
irresponsibility, vi. 106.
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow :—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
33<5
## p. 337 (#449) ############################################
WEBER—WELCKER
Weber, the German student and the Lyre and Swordsongs,
iii. 139.
— Wagner lacks the charm and fire of, viii. 92.
— his works extinct although not yet forgotten, xii. 201.
Weak, the, the very cowardice of, gains fine names such
as patience, xiii. 48; their wish to become strong,
50; eternal life necessary to, 51.
— concerning the hygiene of, xiv. 36; the protection
afforded by morality to the botched and bungled,
Si-
— 2'he Strong and the Weak, (2, Pt. i. Bk. iv. ) xv. 298-
350; why they triumph, 299; result, 302; re-
flection, 303.
Weakness, so much does Zarathustra see in modern
society, xi. 205.
— the interpretation of, as freedom, xiii. 47.
— its end in failure, xiv. 36; weakening considered to
be a duty, 39; spiritual enlightenment as an un-
failing means of producing, 105; equity and
mildness as a condition of, 106.
tions, 161-82; the standpoint of value, 179-82;
the communal standard and judgment of, 188;
concerning the optics of valuation, 223; the
order of rank in human values, 319; the trans-
valuation of all values, the aim of the neiv
aristocracy, 363; fundamental concept—the
new values must first be created, 378; what
transvaluation of, implies, 390 ; standpoint from
which Nietzsche's valuations are determined,
391-
— the value of life cannot be estimated—an astonishingly
subtle axiom, xvi. 10; convictions and the
valuer, 209; the Renaissance as the transvalua-
tion of Christian values, 228; the people's
estimation of the good, 259.
Vandyck, in all those whom he painted, added a certain
amount of what he himself valued, xiii. 220.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathusira. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power.
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
;
323
## p. 324 (#436) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Vanity, what ministers to man's, ii. 175.
— the poverty of the human mind without, vi. 85; the
skin of the soul, 87; phases of, described, 88;
self-enjoyment in, 367; marvellous vanity, 373;
arrears of, 374; as educator, 378; alluded to,
174.
— to the denier of his, vil 32; the human "thing in
itself," 34; a form of, 40; the wish to appear
vain, 128; its demonstration to friend and
foe, 133; in old men, 140; an anti-social
after-growth, 210; the meaning of the word
considered, 228; the origins of, and its great
utility, 283.
— and setting up as an individual, viii. 116.
— on vain people, ix. 296; passionate people above
vanity, 299; the sanctuary of exceptional vanity,
357; alluded to, 289.
— Zarathustra more forbearing to the vain than to the
proud, xi. 172.
— on wounding, xii. 92; when distasteful, 100; most
difficult for men of noble character to under-
stand, 232; as the result of an extraordinary
atavism, 233; the vain person's characteristic,
*33-
Vauvenargues, the books of, praised, vii. 302.
Veaux (Clothilde de), quoted, xvi. 106.
Veda, the, the poets of, not fit to unfasten the sandal of
Zarathustra, xvii. 107.
Vedanta, the, the lie developed by the Aryan philosophers
of, xiv. 120.
Vega (Lope de), quoted on Emerson, xvi. 71.
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow :—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
324
## p. 325 (#437) ############################################
VEGETARIANISM—VIRTUE
Vegetarianism, the controversy for and against, states
there is no philosophy of nutrition, x. 43.
— the nonsense of, alluded to, xiii. 169.
— Nietzsche converted back to meat by Wagner, xvii.
Vegetarians, the ultimate aims of, dangerous, x. 180.
Veneration, man as a venerating animal, x. 283; would
it be Nihilism to do away with our venerations?
284.
Vergil, the use made of, by Dante, i. 148.
Vernet (Horace), alluded to, xiv. 88.
Viciousness, as a result of decadence, xiv. 34.
Victory, there is joy only where there is, v. 117.
— the seat of, vii. 165; how we must conquer, 361.
— by victory the conqueror is deprived of the fear of
defeat, x. 188.
— Zarathustra prays that he may be inexorable in his
victory—Ah! who hath not succumbed to his
victory? xi. 262.
Vicvamitra, King, the story of the new heaven of, xiii. 147.
Vigny (Alfred de), his pessimism of compassion, xv. 400.
Vinci (Leonardo da), instanced as one of the finest
examples of mankind, xii. 122-3.
— his superchristian outlook, xiii. 216.
— his works alluded to, xvii. 44.
Vindication, fallacious arguments used in, x. 194.
Virchow, where wrong in his ethnology, xiii. 25.
Virgil. See " Vergil. "
Virtue, regarding, vi. 80; different experiences lead to
misunderstanding concerning, 84; the sleep
of, 87.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
325
## p. 326 (#438) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Virtue, not invented by the Germans, vii. 143; the scape-
goat of, 158.
— on the display of, by the ancients as the actors of
virtue, ix. 35; refined cruelty as a, 36.
— the Christian school of scepticism and the professors
of virtue, x. 164; the brutal form of, desired by
the Christian saints, 183-4; a time for every,
187.
— The Academy Chairs of Virtue (Zarathustra's dis-
course), xi. 28-31; possessed in common with
no one, 38; the advantage of having a single
virtue, 39 ; jealous is every virtue of others, 40;
the devisers and judges of their own virtue, 72-4;
The Bestowing Virtue, 85-91; the origins of your
virtue, 87 ; so much flown-away virtue, 88; The
Virtuous, 109-12; The Bedwarfing Virtue, 202-9;
modern man's virtue, as only compatible with
comfort in moderation, 204-5 , ^d that which
maketh modest and tame, 206.
— on believing in one's own, xii. 159; the inclination
of virtue to stupidity, and the reverse, 173; most
injured by the tediousness of its advocates, 174.
— as our greatest misunderstanding, xiv. 47; defined,
238; the politics of, 248-51; the means by which
it attains power, 252; how virtue is made to
dominate, (4, Part ii. Book i. ) 248-63; defended
against its preachers, 257; positive virtue, 257;
negative virtue, 258; under certain circum-
stances, merely a venerable form of stupidity,
260; the patrons of, 261; as the most expensive
vice, 262; results of the criticism—/ have lent
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow:—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thought* out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
326
## p. 327 (#439) ############################################
VIRTUE—VISION
new charms to virtue, 263; the postulated im-
provement of man by, 312; as opposed to
happiness hitherto, 313.
Virtue, in its Renaissance sense—free from moralic acid,
xv. 199; an economic justification of, 321-3; the
mighty man who first declares his happy state
to be, 404.
— the concept not even real, xvii. 52.
Virtues, those that are profitable to, and those that
damage society, vii. 215; spring from varied
soils, cultivated by the skilful teacher, 233.
— on warm and cold, ix. 255; escaping from one's,
353; the four cardinal, 387; the vanity of
concealing one's virtues, 387.
— man as the victim of his, x. 57-8; the interests of
society and, 58; education and the virtues, 59;
the motives and principle of, 60; the superiority
of positive to negative, 238.
— concerning, xii. 95; Our Virtues, (Chap, vii. ) 159-90.
— as psychological conditions—refined passions, xiv.
213.
— the three Christian virtues, xvi. 153.
Virtuoso, the, the weaknesses and follies of, explained,
vi. 175.
Virtuous man, the, his attitude towards history—he ever
swims against its waves, v. 74.
Vischer, on Holderlin, iv. 20; alluded to, 22.
Vision, the faculty of having visions as estimated in the
Middle Ages, ix. 65.
— The Vision and the Enigma (Zarathustra's discourse),
xi. 187-93.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zaraihustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
i
327
## p. 328 (#440) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Visionaries, against, vii. 15; may profitably be consorted
with by some, 105.
Vita Contemplativa, the, on determining the value of, ix.
46; its origin, 48; concerning, 50; Luther, and
the Christian, 88; and renunciation, 318.
Vocal music, with lyric poetry, exists only for those who
join in singing, ii. 41.
Volition, the expression—"I wish," ix. 130; and the
domains of chance, 134; on knowing what you
want, 365.
— See also under "Will. "
Voltaire, on David Strauss's commendation of, iv. 76;
and simulation of, 79.
— his name inscribed on the banner of enlightenment,
vi. 42; and modern poetry—a criticism, 201;
his mockery, and the increasing severity of the
world, 223; quoted, 317; alluded to, 334.
— quoted, vii. 14; his revenge on Piron and Frederick
the Great, 316.
— on Homer, viii. 133.
— and the Christian ideal, ix. 139; the German natural
philosophers and, 199.
— concerning, x. 76; his pity for animals, 136; his re-
serve on points of court language and standard
of style, 139.
— HomerandtheAw^r/ca/«»^unintelligibleto,xii. 168.
— quoted, xiv. 73; alluded to, 74; his conclusions on
nature and man, 82; fights for the cause of pro-
gress and civilisation, 83; the effects of his envy
and hatred of Rousseau's success, 84; the
struggle between him and Rousseau, 101.
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow:—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
^
328
## p. 329 (#441) ############################################
VOLTAIRE—WAGNER
Voltaire, Human, all-too-Human published on the hun-
dredth anniversary of his death, xvii. 83.
Voluntary Death (Zarathustra's discourse), xi. 82-5.
Voluptuousness, placed in the scales by Zarathustra, xi.
229; defined and revalued—but I will have
hedges round my thoughts, 230.
Voss, the study of, mentioned in connection with philo-
logy, viii. 115.
Vulgarity, the modern age and its consciousness of its,
iv. 142.
— the relationship between shame and, x. 108.
Wackernagel (Wilhelm), quoted, v. 69.
Wagner, regarding, i. 8; Foreword to Richard Wagner, 19;
on the poet's task—Hans Sachs quoted, 22 ; and
the neutralising effect of music, 60; his assertion
on aesthetics in his essay on Beethoven quoted,
122; accredits Schopenhauer with clearness of
expression on musical subjects, 123 et seq. ; the
rise and influence of, 150-1; Tristan undIsolde,
Act Hi. analysed, 161-7; the libretto quoted,
169; his Lohengrin, 173.
— on Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, ii. 39; and healing
through music, 75.
— in Bayreuth, iv. 101; his dedicative address quoted,
102; the occasion of the laying of the founda-
tion stone at Bayreuth, 105; the dramatic ele-
ment in the development of, 106; problems
presented by his childhood and youth, 107; the
reverse of the precocious type, 108; the spirit
that manifested itself in, 109; the other side of
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
1
329
## p. 330 (#442) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
his nature brought into view, iv. 110; the star of
"fidelity—unselfish fidelity,"and the two natures
of, 111; the conflict between his aspirations and
his inability to release them, 112; the develop-
ment of his talent for acquiring knowledge, 115;
his handling of history, 117; and of philosophy,
120; relationship of, with AEschylus, 122; the
great mission of, as a "simplifier of the uni-
verse," 123; theatrical reform, 124; Bayreuth,
125; and the simplification of the universe, 131;
his discovery of the connection between "music
and life," and " music and the drama," 132; the
first to recognise the decline of language, 132;
the curse of convention, and its antidote, 133-4;
the relation between the perfect worlds of sound
and sight, 135; the summons of, 137; the voice
of his art, 145; the nature foreordained through
which music expresses itself, 147; the peculiar
magnetism of his nature, 148; as the dithy-
rambic dramatist, 149; the ecstatic moments of
the dramatist, 154 ; his evolution as dithyrambic
dramatist, 155; grand opera recognised as the
means of expressing his thoughts, 157; Meyer-
beer and stage effects, 157; as the revolutionist
of society, 159; the recognition of the poetry
of the people by, 159-60; the questions in
Tannhauser and Lohengrin, 162; his question
not understood, 163 ;. Tristan und Isolde, 165;
the appearance of friends, 166; instances of his
simple bearing and prudence revealed by the
Franco-German war, 167; the performances of
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow:—I. Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. III. Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
330
## p. 331 (#443) ############################################
WAGNER
his early works, iv. 167-8; the bitterest pain of
all to, 170; the idea of Bayreuth conceived, 170;
the vague reminiscences of his own heroic life in
his masterpieces, 171; the classification of, as
an artist, 172; as a poet and word painter, 174;
word, gesture, sound, his threefold presentation
of dramatic action, 177; the musician, 179 ; the
harmony resulting from strife in his music, 183;
his steadfastness and avoidance of waylayers,
187 ; and posterity, 189; the man of letters, 192;
no Utopian, 198; the interpreter and clarifier of
the past, 204.
Wagner, the example of, and what it shows, v. 119; the
strength which enabled him to hold out against
so-called German culture, 120; quoted on the
German characteristics, 164.
— Nietzsche refers to his early essay on, and enlarges
on its significance, vii. 2; the severance of the
intimacy between Nietzsche and Wagner, 4; his
aims and methods, 71; Wagnerism and the
school of Wagner, 89.
— the orchestration of, viii. 1; the most ill-mannered
genius, 2; did not understand love, 4; and the
problem of salvation, 5; his operas quoted to
show their leitmotif—salvation, 6; saves Goethe,
9; aground on Schopenhauer's philosophy, 10;
the artist of decadence, 11; the Germans de-
ceive themselves concerning, 12; the great cor-
rupter of music, 14; the success of, become flesh
and blood, supposed to be speaking, 14-8; the
transformation of art into histrionics a sign of
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecu Homo.
331
## p. 332 (#444) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
degradation, viii. 19; his dramatic style, 21;
possesses the virtue of decadents—pity, 22 ; the
most astounding theatrical genius, 23 ; above all
an actor, 25; no dramatist, 27; the writings of,
29; Hegel's heir—music as idea, 31; the rise of
the actor in music, 32; where the influence of,
has been beneficent, 33; perhaps the greatest
example of self-violence, 35; what Wagner has
cost us, 36-42 ; the value of the resistance offered
to, 36; curious occurrence at the funeral of, 38;
influence of the worship of, on culture, 38; a
seducer on a grand scale, 39; Parsifal instanced,
40; the youthlet under the influence of, 40; bad
for youths—fatal to women, 41; the female
Wagnerite, 42; his contribution to the fall of
music, 43; represents thorough corruption, 44;
Brahms and, 46; master morality and, 48;
Christianity adjusted for female Wagnerites, 50;
the Cagliostro of modernity, 51; where he is un-
approachable, 57; admired when he sets him-
self to music, 58; the lack of marching and
dancing rhythm in his music, 59; the mimo-
maniac objected to, 60; unending melody—
chaos for rhythm, 62; the climax, 62; the ap-
propriation of old sagas by, 64; how first inter-
preted by Nietzsche, 65; with Schopenhauer
among Nietzsche's antipodes, 66; Paris the very
soil for, 69 ; Parsifal, 70; his apostasy from and
return to obscurantist ideals, 72; Nietzsche's
account of how he took leave of, in his soul, 73;
his loneliness without Wagner, 74; the ideal
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow :—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
i__ . A
332
## p. 333 (#445) ############################################
WAGNER
monster and the Wagner of Bayreuth, viii. 86;
the principal reason of opposition to theartof, 87;
the impression he gives of art, 88; his ideas be-
come manias, 89 ; the envy of, 91; his teutonism,
92; stupefaction or intoxication constitutes the
art of, 94; the second act of Gbtterddmmerung
examined, 96; his rejection of form, 98; his
style, 100; Nietzsche's loftiest duty towards,
101; the effects of, 102; his appearance a great
event in philology, 120; and the system of edu-
cation which does not enable him to be under-
stood, 136; highly prized his art, 149; the
powerful effect of Orestes on, 181.
Wagner, on unconditional homage to, ix. 169; his music,
229; at the climax of his powers, 370.
— the relative value of words and music in his works,
x. 113-4; as Hegelian and Schopenhauerian,
134; Schopenhauerian traits in, 135; the
loyalty to what is true in, 136 ; his maintenance
of what was right in his own eyes, 137 ; Richard
Wagner in Bayreuth quoted, 137 ; physiological
objections to the music of—the cynic speaks,
328; the drama and music made to serve
theatrical attitudes by, 329; as romanticist,
332-3-
— Zarathustra laments his favourite minstrel, xi. 133;
The Magician, 306-14; The Song of Melan-
choly, 363-8; the magician of Zarathustra—ere
night cometh will he again learn to love and laud
me, 372; the old magician assists to perform
the ass litany, 382.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathustra. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
ii. XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
1
333
## p. 334 (#446) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Wagner, his character of Kundry, a Schopenhauer conse-
quence, xii. 67; his overture to Die Meistersingcr
critically estimated, 191; as having set Hegel's
riddles to music, 199 ; his Tannhduser as not yet
forgotten music, 201; his influence in France,
214; his relation to the later French romanti-
cism, 218; sources of distinction in his art, 220;
the character of Siegfried, 220; atoned for Sieg-
fried by preaching the way to Rome, 220-1.
— the homage he paid to chastity in his old age, xiii.
122; Die Meistersinger, 122 ; Parsifal, 124; the
artist-author of Parsifal, 126; his going over to
Schopenhauer, 128; the cleavage between his
earlier and later aesthetic faiths, 129; became a
telephone from the other world, 129; talked not
music only but metaphysic, 130; his promised
autobiography, 180; alluded to, 217, 221, 225.
— the undignified attempt to regard him as mentally
unsound, xiv. 70; his Parsifal instanced, 71;
his dislike of Rome, 87; French and German
romanticism synthesised by, 89; the problem
concerning, 89 ; Parsifal ref'erred to, 96; alluded
to, 74, 88.
— an example of the art of tyrannising, xv. 267; his
music at bottom is literature, 268; his Edda
characters, 269; his dramatic style in music,
273-5; courage of, 276; and limitations, 277;
the last great romanticist according to the French
conception, 279; instanced as a type, 302;
Nietzsche and Wagfier towards 1876, 389.
— Parsifal and Bayreuth, xvi. 83.
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow:—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
>
334
## p. 335 (#447) ############################################
WAGNER—WANDERER
Wagner, Nietzsche on his attack, xvii. 24; converted Nietz-
sche back from vegetarianism, 31 ; Nietzsche on
his most intimate relationship with, 41; his flight
to Paris, 42; aphorism 269 in Beyond Good and
£01/said to have reference to, 43 ; the unforgive-
able point in—that he condescended to the Ger-
mans, 43; Tristan und Isolde, 43; his non plus
ultra, 44; declared by Nietzsche to have been
the greatest benefactor of his life, 44; the Sieg-
fried Idyll referred to, 45; Nietzsche on his
criticism and translation of Wagner, 74; the
essay Wagner in Bayreuth, 74; as type merely
in the essay—in other words Nietzsche, 76; as
cypher for Nietzsche—the same use was made
of Socrates by Plato, 81; falling into the hands
of the Wagnerites at Bayreuth, 84; the perfect
Bayreuthian, 85; the crossing of Parsifal with
Human, all-too-Human, 89; The Case of Wagner
reviewed by Nietzsche, 121; and Nietzsche's
heavy guns, 122; his love for Wagner, 122; his
intercourse with him, 129.
Wagner (Mme. Cosima), her example of higher culture
of French origin, xvii. 38.
Wahabites, the, the two mortal sins of, instanced, x. 80.
Waking, the day's first thought on, vi. 377.
Walkyrie, the, the ride of, viii. 21.
Wanderer, the, an exhortation to, iii. 6.
— among the free spirits, vi. 405.
— the lament of the wanderer—out of the seventh soli-
tude, x. 241.
— his appeal for a second mask, xii. 251.
Human, ii. VIII, Case of Wagner. IX, Dawn of Day. X, Joyful
Wisdom. XI, Zarathusira. XII, Beyond Good and Evil. XIII,
Genealogy of Morals. XIV, Will to Power, i. XV, Will to Power,
i». XVI, Antichrist. XVII, Ecce Homo.
335
## p. 336 (#448) ############################################
INDEX—NIETZSCHE
Wanderer, The (Zarathustra's discourse), xi. 183-7.
Wanderer and his Shadow, The, vii. 181 et seq.
— written in 1879 at Naumburg, xvii. 10; alluded
to, 88.
Waiting, on the power of, vi. 77.
War, the only remedy against—the deviation of the State,
ii. 15.
— the moral consequences and dangers of, iv. 3.
— pro et contra, vi. 322; not to be dispensed with, 349;
casus belli and the like, 379.
— a remedy for national weakness, vii. 288.
— on wars, ix. 182.
— the masses and religious wars, x. 180.
— War and Wam<w(Zarathustra'sdiscourse),xi. 51-3;
the good war halloweth every cause, 52; Zara-
thustra—man shall betrained for war,and woman
for the diversion of the warrior, 75.
— the renunciation of war is the renunciation of a grand
life, xvi. 29; Skirmishes in a war with the age,
(Chap, ix. ) 60-111.
— on waging war, xvii. 23; Nietzsche's war tactics re-
duced to four principles, 23.
Warrior, the, wisdom . . . ever loveth only a warrior, xi. 44;
liketh not too sweet fruits—therefore liketh he
women, 75.
— as educator, xv. 379.
Water, Thales' hypothesis of, ii. 86.
— versus alcoholic drinks, xvii. 30-1; on drinking from
running brooks, 32.
Waterfall, the, as illustrating the doctrines of free-will and
irresponsibility, vi. 106.
The volumes referred to under numbers are as follow :—I, Birth
of Tragedy. II, Early Greek Philosophy. Ill, Future of Educa-
tional Institutions. IV, Thoughts out of Season, i. V, Thoughts out
of Season, ii. VI, Human, all-too-Human, i. VII, Human, ail-too-
33<5
## p. 337 (#449) ############################################
WEBER—WELCKER
Weber, the German student and the Lyre and Swordsongs,
iii. 139.
— Wagner lacks the charm and fire of, viii. 92.
— his works extinct although not yet forgotten, xii. 201.
Weak, the, the very cowardice of, gains fine names such
as patience, xiii. 48; their wish to become strong,
50; eternal life necessary to, 51.
— concerning the hygiene of, xiv. 36; the protection
afforded by morality to the botched and bungled,
Si-
— 2'he Strong and the Weak, (2, Pt. i. Bk. iv. ) xv. 298-
350; why they triumph, 299; result, 302; re-
flection, 303.
Weakness, so much does Zarathustra see in modern
society, xi. 205.
— the interpretation of, as freedom, xiii. 47.
— its end in failure, xiv. 36; weakening considered to
be a duty, 39; spiritual enlightenment as an un-
failing means of producing, 105; equity and
mildness as a condition of, 106.
