Augustine seems
to imply he defended his error in writing.
to imply he defended his error in writing.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
), that in the year
B. C. 29 Augustus assembled his friends and counsel-
ion. Agrippa and Maecenas, demanding their opinion
u to whether it would be advisable for him to usurp
monarchical power, or to restore to the nation its for-
mer republican government. This is corroborated by
? Suetonius (Octac. . 28), who says that Augustus twice
deliberated upon that subject. The speeches which
Asrippa and Mecenas delivered on this occasion arc
gnen by Dion Cassias; but the artificial character of
umn makes them suspicious. However, it does not
leem likely, from the general character of Dion Cas-
eutai an historian, that these speeches arc invented by
him; and it is not improbable, and such a supposition
? uiu entirety the character of Augustus, that those
? fetches were really pronounced, though preconcerted
between Augustus and his counsellors to make the
Roman nation believe that the fate of the Republic
was still a matter of discussion, and that Augustus
would not assume monarchical power till he had been
convinced that it was necessary for the welfare of the
nation. Besides, Agrippa, who, according to Dion
Cusius, advised Augustus to restore the Republic,
wa* a man whose political opinions had evidently a
monarchical tendency.
Aerippa was one of the most distinguished and im-
portant men of the age of Augustus. He must be con-
sidered as a chief support of the rising monarchical con-
stitution, and without Agrippa Augustus could scarce-
ly hn e succeeded in making himself the absolute mas-
ter of the Roman Empire. Dion Cassius (54, 29, &c. ),
VeUeius Paterculus (2. 79), Seneca (Ep. , 94), and
Horace (Od. , 1, 6} speak with equal admiration of his
merits.
Pliny constantly refers to the "Commentarii" of
Agrippa as an authority (EUnchus, 3, 4, 5, 6, comp.
3, 2), which may indicate certain official lists drawn
Dp by Mm in the measurement of the Roman world
? ? under Augustus (md. YEthicus), in which he may have
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? AGRIPPINA.
AGRIPPINA.
During some years Tiberius disguised his hatred of
Agrippina, but she soon became exposed to secret ac-
cusations and intrigues. She asked the emperor's per-
mission to choose another husband, but Tiberius nei-
ther refused nor consented to the proposition. Seja-
nus, who exercised an unbounded influence over Ti-
berius, then a prey to mental disorders, persuaded
Agrippina that the emperor intended to poison her.
Alarmed at such a report, she refused to eat an apple
which the emperor offered her from his table, and Ti-
berius, in his tum, complained of Agrippina regarding
him as a poisoner. According to Suetonius, all this
w;is an intrigue preconcerted between the emperor and
Sejanus, who, as it seems, had formed the plan of lead-
ing Agrippina into false steps. Tiberius was extreme-
ly suspicious of Agrippina, and showed his hostile feel-
ings by allusive words or neglectful silence. There
were no evidences of ambitious plans formed by Agrip-
pina, but the rumour having been spread that she would
fly to the army, he banished her to the island of Pan-
dataria (AD. 30), where her mother, Julia, had died
in exile. Her sons, Nero and Drusus. were likewise
banished, and both died an unnatural death. She liv-
ed three years on that barren island ; at last she refu-
sed to take any food, and died, most probably, by vol-
untary starvation. Her death took place precisely two
years after, and on the same date, as the murder of Se-
janus, that is, in AD. 33. Tacitus and Suetonius tell
us that Tiberius boasted that he had not strangled her.
(Sueton. , Tib. , 53 -- Toe. , Ann. , 6, 25. ) The ashes
of Agrippina, and those of her son Nero, were after-
ward brought to Rome by order of her son, the Em-
peror Caligula, who struck various medals in honour
of his mother. In one of these the head of Caligula
is on one side, and that of his mother on the other.
The words on each side are respectively, c. c. esar.
iVG. OKR. P. M. TR. POT. , and AGRIPPINA. MAT. C. C<<S.
avo. okrm. (Tac. , Ann. , 1-6. --Sueton. , Octal. , 64;
Ttb. , I. c; Calig. , I. c -- Dion Cats. , 57, 5, 6; 58,
22. )--II. The daughter of Gcrmanicus and Agrippina
the elder, daughter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa. She was
born between A. D. 13 and 17, at the Oppidum Ubio-
rum, afterward called, in honour of her, Colonia Agrip-
{>ina, now Cologne, and then the headquarters of the
egions commanded by her father. In A. D. 28, she
married Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, a man not unlike
her, and whom she lost in A. D. 40. After his death
she married Crispus Passienus, who died some years
afterward; and she was accused of having poisoned
him, either for the purpose of obtaining his great for-
tune, or for some secret motive of much higher impor-
tance. She was already known for her scandalous
conduct, for her most perfidious intrigues, and for an
unbounded ambition. She was accused of having com-
mitted incest with her own brother, the Emperor Ca-
ius Caligula, who, under the pretext of having discover-
ed that she had lived in an adulterous intercourse with
M. . 'Emilius Lepidus, the husband of her sister Drusil-
la, banished her to the island of Pontia, which was sit-
uated in the Sinus Syrticus Major, on the coast of Lib-
ya. Her sister Drusilla was likewise banished to Pon-
tia, and it seems that their exile was connected with
the punishment of Lepidus. who was put to death for
raving conspired against the emperor. Previously to
her exile, Agrippina was compelled by her brother to
carry to Rome the ashes of Lepidus. This happened
In A. D. 39. Agrippina and her sister were released
? ? in A. D. 41, by their uncle, Claudius, immediately af-
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? A. GR
TBH* arc several medals of Agrippina, which are
dUtinsuishable from those of her mother by the title of
Augusta, which those of" h*r mother never have. On
KBM of her medals she is represented with her hus-
binJ Claudius, in others -with her son Nero. (Tac. ,
. Ira. , lib. 12, 13, 14,. - Dion Cats. , lib. 59-61. -- Su-
rtw, Claud. , 43, 44; ffero, 5, 6. )-- III. Vipsania,
tauntiter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa and Pomponia, the
daughter of T Pompoiiius Atticua, his first wife. She
wu married to Tiberius, afterward emperor, by whom
? he hadDrusns. Tiberius was much attached to her,
and with great reluctance divorced her when com-
manded by Augustus, that he might marry Julia, the
daughter of the emperor. She now married Asinius
Callus. the son of the celebrated Asinius Pollio, and
hore him several children. This gave rise to a feeling
? f hatred in the breast of Tiberius against Asinius,
irhich ultimately proved his ruin. (Vtd. Asinius II. )
The children of Agrippina. by Asinius were, C. Asinius
Sakminua. Asinius Oallus, Asinius Pollio, consul
A. U. C. 776, Asinius Agrippa, consul A. U. C. 778, and
Uinius Ccler. Agrippina died A. U. C. 773, and, ac-
'ordine to Tacitus (Ann. , 3, 19), she was tho only one
? fall the children of Agrippa that died a natural death.
{Tie -. Ann. , 1, 12; 3, 19; 3, 75; 4, 1, 34. -- Sue-
to*-, Tib. , eh. 7. -- Id. , Claud. , ch. 13. ) -- IV. COLO-
Ki. also called Colonia. Agrippinennt (Tac. , Hut. ,
\, 57; 4, 55), and on inscriptions Coloma Claudia
Avfust&Agnjrpincnsium, or simply Agrippina (Amm.
Marc. , 15, 8, 11), originally the chief town of the Ubii,
and called Oppidum Ubiorum. These are mentioned
by Cesar as a German nation, dwelling on the right
bank of the Rhine, who were afterward transferred to
th* left, or Gallic aide, by Agrippa. At this town
daughter of Germanicus, was born; and,
\
? when she had attained to the dignity of empress by
? srriage with Claudius, she sent hither a military col-
ony. A. C. 50, and caused the place to be named after
bsrself It soon became large and wealthy, and was
adomej with a temple of Mara. The inhabitants re-
ceived the jo* Italicum. It answers to the modern
Kobt or Cologne. (Tac. , Ann. , 1, 35; 12, 27. -- Id. ,
Hut. , 4, 28; 1, 57; 4, 55. -- Dim Cumuli, 48, 49. )
ACRIFPINDS, bishop of Carthage, of venerable mem-
ory, but known for being the first to maintain the neces-
sity of rebaptizing all heretics. ( Vincent. Linn. , Com-
mnut . 1, 9. ) St. Cyprian regarded this opinion as the
correction of an error (St. Aufiutin. , De Baptismo, 2,
7, vol. 9, p. 103, eil. Bened. ), and St.
Augustine seems
to imply he defended his error in writing. (Epttt. , 93,
c. 10. ) He held the council of seventy bishops at
Carthage, about A. D. 200 ( Vulg. A. D. 21f>, Mans.
A. D. 217), on the subject of Baptism. Though he er-
red in a matter yet undefined by the Church, St. Au-
gustine notices that neither he nor St. Cyprian thought
of separating from the Church. (De Baptismo, 3, 1,
p. 109. ) -- II. Paconius, whose father was put to death
by Tiberius on a charge of treason. (Suet. , Tib. , 61. )
Agnppinus was accused at the same time as Thrasea,
A-D. 67, and was banished from Italy. (Tac. , Ann. ,
16, 28, 29, 33. ) He was a Stoic philosopher, and is
? poken of with praise by Epictctus (ap. Slob. , Scrm. ,
7), and Arrian (1, 1).
AGEIUS ('\fpiof), I. a son of Porthaon and Euryte,
and brother of CEneus, king of Calydon, in . 1 ;ioli:i,
AJcatbous, Melas. Leucopeus, and Sterope. He was
/atherofnx sons, of whom Thersites was one. These
? ? foam ofAgrius deprived CEneus of his kingdom, and
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? AGR
AJA
try. When the ^Etolians attempted to compel the
Medionians to join their confederacy, Agron undertook
to protect them, having been induced to do so by a
large bribe which he received from Demetrius, the fa-
ther of Philip. He accordingly sent to their assistance
a force of 5000 Illyrians, who gained a decisive victory
over the ? Etolians. Agron, overjoyed at the news of
this success, gave himself up to feasting, and, in con-
sequence of his excess, contracted a pleurisy, of which
he died (B. C. 231). He was succeeded in the gov-
ernment by his wife Teuta. Just after his death, an
embassy arrived from the Romans, who had sent to
mediate in behalf of the inhabitants of the island of Issa,
who had revolted from Agron, and placed themselves
tinder the protection of the Romans. By his first wife,
Tritcuta, whom he divorced, he had a son named Pin-
nes, or Pinneus, who survived him, and was placed un-
der the guardianship of Demetrius Pharius, who mar-
ried his mother after the death of Tcuta. (Dion Cass. ,
34, 46, 151 --Polyb. , 2, 8-4. --Appian, III. , l. --Flor. ,
2, 5. -- Pirn. , H. N. , 34, 6. ) --III. Son of Eumelus,
frandson of Mcrops, lived with his sisters, Byssa and
leropis, in the island of Cos. They worshipped the
earth, as the giver of the fruits of harvest, without pay-
ing regard to any other deity. When they were invi-
ted to the festival of Minerva, the brother replied that
the black eyes of his sisters would not please the
blue-eyed goddess, and that, for himself, the owl was
an object of aversion. If desired to offer sacrifice to
Mercury, he declared that he would show no honour
to a thief. At the sacrifices of Diana he did not ap-
pear, because that goddess roamed abroad the whole
night long. Provoked at this conduct, Minerva, Diana,
and Mercury came to their dwelling, the latter as a
shepherd, the two goddesses as maidens, to invite Eu-
melus and Agron to a sacrifice to Mercury, and the sis-
ters to the grove of Minerva and Diana. When, how-
ever, Meropis reviled Minerva, she and her sisters were
changed into birds, together with Agron, who attempt-
ed to seize upon the divinities, and Eumelus, who
heaped reproaches upon Mercury for the metamorpho-
sis of his son. The legend makes Meropis to have been
changed into a small bird of the owl kind: Byssa re-
tained her name, and became, as a species of sea-fowl,
the bird of Leucothea: Agron became the bird Chara-
drius. (Anton. Lib. , 15. )
AgrSlas, surrounded the citadel of Athens with
walls, except that part which was afterward repaired by
Cimon. (Pausan. , 1, 28. ) We have here one of the
old traditions respecting the Pclasgic race. Agrolas
was aided in the work by his brother Hyperbius, both
of them Pelasgi. According to Pausanias (/. c), they
came, originally from Sicily. It is more than proba-
ble, however, that the names in question arc those of
two leaders or two tribes, and that the work was ex-
ecuted under their orders The wall erected on this
occasion was styled Pclargicon, and the builders of it
would seem to have erected also a town or small set-
tlement for themselves, which afterward became part
of the Acropolis. (Compare Stebelis, ad Pausan. , 1,
28. --Miller, Gesch. Hellen. Stdmmc, etc. , vol. 1, p.
440. )
Agrotera, I. an annual festival, celebrated at
Athens to Diana Agrotera. ('Apre/itii 'Kyporipg). It
was instituted by Callimachus the polemarch, in con-
sequence of a vow made by him before the battle of
Marathon, that he would sacrifice to the goddess as
? ? many yearling she-goats (xtftaipae) as there might be
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? AID
A/ai and Ulysses disputed their claims to the arms of
the hero. When they were given to the latter, Ajax
became so infuriated, that, in a fit of delirium, he
slaughtered ail the sheep in the camp, under the delu-
sion that bis rival and the Atridaj, who had'favoured
the cause of the former, were the objects of his attack.
When reason returned, Aju, from mortification and
despair, put an end to his existence, by stabbing him-
self to the heart. The sword which he used as the
instrument of his death had been received by him from
Hector in exchange fox* the baldric, and thus, by a sin-
gular fatality, the present mutually conferred contrib-
uted to their mutual destruction. The blood which
ran to the ground from the wound produced the flower
kyacintkus, of a red colour, and on the petal of which
may be traced lines, imitating the form of the letters
AI, the first and second of the Greek name AIA?
(Ajaz). The Sower here meant appears to bo iden-
tical with the LUrum JWartagon (" Imperial Martagon"),
and not the ordinary hyacinth. (Fee, Flore tie Virgilc,
p. Ixvii. )--Some authorities give a different account
of the cause of his death, and make the Palladium to
have been the subject of dispute between Ajax and
Ulysses, and state also that Ulysses, in concert with
Agamemnon, caused Ajax to be assassinated. The
Greeks erected a tomb over his remains on the pro-
montory of Rhmteum, which was visited in a later
age by Alexander the Great. Sophocles has made the
dqath of Ajax the subject of one of his tragedies. Ac-
cording to the plot of this piece, the rites of sepulture
are at first refused to the corpse of Ajax, but afterward
allowed through the intercession of Ulysses. Ajax is
the Homeric type of great valour, unaccompanied by
any corresponding powers of intellect. Ulysses, on
the other hand, typifies great intellect, unaccompanied
by an equal degree of heroic valour, although he is
far, at the same time, from being a coward. {Horn. , II. ,
fassim. -- ApoUotl. , 3, 12. 7. -- Ovid, Mel. , 13, 1,
scqq. )--II. The son of Oileus, king of Locris, was
rarnamed Locrian, in contradistinction to the son of
Telamon. The term Narycian was also applied to
him from his birthplace, the Locrian town Narycium,
or Naryx. He went with forty ships to the Trojan war,
as being one of Helen's suitors. Homer describes
him as small of size, particularly dexterous in the use
of the lance, but as remarkable for brutality and cru-
elty. The night that Troy was taken, he offered vio-
lence to Cassandra, who had fled into Minerva's tem-
ple; and for this offence, as he returned home, the
goddess, who had obtained the thunders of Jupiter,
and the power of tempests from Neptune, destroyed
hU ship in a storm. Ajax swam to a rock, and said
that he was safe in spite of all the gods. Such im-
piety offended Neptune, who struck the rock with his
trident, and Ajax tumbled into the sea with part of
the rock, and was drowned. His body was afterward
found by the Greeks, and black sheep offered on his
tomb According to Virgil's account, Minerva seized
him in a whirlwind, and dashed him against a rock,
where be expired consumed by the flame of the light-
ning. (Horn. , B. , 2, 627, &c -- Virg. , jEn. , 1, 43,
scqq. --Hygin. , Fab. , 116, <Scc. )
Aidoxevs, ('Aidtii'^T. 'f), I. a surname of Pluto. It
b only another form for 'Ai<5;/r, "the invisible one. "
--II. A king of the Thesprotians in Epirus, who de-
feated the forces of Theseus and Pirithous, when the
two latter had marched against him for the purpose
of carrying off hi>> wife Proserpina. Pirithous was
? ? torn to pieces by Cerberus, the monarch's dog, while
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? ALA
ALB
Alagonia, a town of Messenia, distant about thirty
stadia from Gerenia. Pausanias (3, 26) notices its
temples of Bacchus and Diana.
Alala, an appellation given to Bellona, the goddess
of war and sister of Mars. It appears to be nothing
more than the battle-cry personified, and occurs in what
appears to be a fragment of an old war-song. (Plut. ,
de Frat. Am. , p. 483, c. )
Alalcomkn^e, I. a city of Bosotia, near the Lake
Copais, and to the southeast of Clueronea. It was
celebrated for the worship of Minerva, thence surna-
med Alalcomeneis. (Strab. , 410 and 413. --Compare
Hcyne, ad Horn. , II. , 4, 8, and Miiller, Gesch. Hctlcn.
Stamme, &c, vol. 1, p. 70. ) The temple of the god-
dess was plundered and stripped of its statues by Sylla.
(Pausan. , 9, 33. ) It is said, that when Thebes was
taken by the Epigoni, many of the inhabitants retired
to Alalcomenffi, as being held sacred and inviolable.
(Strab. , 413. --Stcph. Byz. , s. v. 'hXaAKopcviav. ) The
ruins of this place, according to Sir W. Gell (Ilin. , p.
162), are observable near the village of Sulinara, on
a projecting knoll, on which there is some little appear-
ance of a small ancient establishment or town; and
higher up may be discovered a wall or peribolus, of
ancient and massive polygons, founded upon the solid
rock. This is probably the site of the temple of the
AlalcomenianMinerva. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 2,
p. 236.
B. C. 29 Augustus assembled his friends and counsel-
ion. Agrippa and Maecenas, demanding their opinion
u to whether it would be advisable for him to usurp
monarchical power, or to restore to the nation its for-
mer republican government. This is corroborated by
? Suetonius (Octac. . 28), who says that Augustus twice
deliberated upon that subject. The speeches which
Asrippa and Mecenas delivered on this occasion arc
gnen by Dion Cassias; but the artificial character of
umn makes them suspicious. However, it does not
leem likely, from the general character of Dion Cas-
eutai an historian, that these speeches arc invented by
him; and it is not improbable, and such a supposition
? uiu entirety the character of Augustus, that those
? fetches were really pronounced, though preconcerted
between Augustus and his counsellors to make the
Roman nation believe that the fate of the Republic
was still a matter of discussion, and that Augustus
would not assume monarchical power till he had been
convinced that it was necessary for the welfare of the
nation. Besides, Agrippa, who, according to Dion
Cusius, advised Augustus to restore the Republic,
wa* a man whose political opinions had evidently a
monarchical tendency.
Aerippa was one of the most distinguished and im-
portant men of the age of Augustus. He must be con-
sidered as a chief support of the rising monarchical con-
stitution, and without Agrippa Augustus could scarce-
ly hn e succeeded in making himself the absolute mas-
ter of the Roman Empire. Dion Cassius (54, 29, &c. ),
VeUeius Paterculus (2. 79), Seneca (Ep. , 94), and
Horace (Od. , 1, 6} speak with equal admiration of his
merits.
Pliny constantly refers to the "Commentarii" of
Agrippa as an authority (EUnchus, 3, 4, 5, 6, comp.
3, 2), which may indicate certain official lists drawn
Dp by Mm in the measurement of the Roman world
? ? under Augustus (md. YEthicus), in which he may have
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? AGRIPPINA.
AGRIPPINA.
During some years Tiberius disguised his hatred of
Agrippina, but she soon became exposed to secret ac-
cusations and intrigues. She asked the emperor's per-
mission to choose another husband, but Tiberius nei-
ther refused nor consented to the proposition. Seja-
nus, who exercised an unbounded influence over Ti-
berius, then a prey to mental disorders, persuaded
Agrippina that the emperor intended to poison her.
Alarmed at such a report, she refused to eat an apple
which the emperor offered her from his table, and Ti-
berius, in his tum, complained of Agrippina regarding
him as a poisoner. According to Suetonius, all this
w;is an intrigue preconcerted between the emperor and
Sejanus, who, as it seems, had formed the plan of lead-
ing Agrippina into false steps. Tiberius was extreme-
ly suspicious of Agrippina, and showed his hostile feel-
ings by allusive words or neglectful silence. There
were no evidences of ambitious plans formed by Agrip-
pina, but the rumour having been spread that she would
fly to the army, he banished her to the island of Pan-
dataria (AD. 30), where her mother, Julia, had died
in exile. Her sons, Nero and Drusus. were likewise
banished, and both died an unnatural death. She liv-
ed three years on that barren island ; at last she refu-
sed to take any food, and died, most probably, by vol-
untary starvation. Her death took place precisely two
years after, and on the same date, as the murder of Se-
janus, that is, in AD. 33. Tacitus and Suetonius tell
us that Tiberius boasted that he had not strangled her.
(Sueton. , Tib. , 53 -- Toe. , Ann. , 6, 25. ) The ashes
of Agrippina, and those of her son Nero, were after-
ward brought to Rome by order of her son, the Em-
peror Caligula, who struck various medals in honour
of his mother. In one of these the head of Caligula
is on one side, and that of his mother on the other.
The words on each side are respectively, c. c. esar.
iVG. OKR. P. M. TR. POT. , and AGRIPPINA. MAT. C. C<<S.
avo. okrm. (Tac. , Ann. , 1-6. --Sueton. , Octal. , 64;
Ttb. , I. c; Calig. , I. c -- Dion Cats. , 57, 5, 6; 58,
22. )--II. The daughter of Gcrmanicus and Agrippina
the elder, daughter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa. She was
born between A. D. 13 and 17, at the Oppidum Ubio-
rum, afterward called, in honour of her, Colonia Agrip-
{>ina, now Cologne, and then the headquarters of the
egions commanded by her father. In A. D. 28, she
married Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, a man not unlike
her, and whom she lost in A. D. 40. After his death
she married Crispus Passienus, who died some years
afterward; and she was accused of having poisoned
him, either for the purpose of obtaining his great for-
tune, or for some secret motive of much higher impor-
tance. She was already known for her scandalous
conduct, for her most perfidious intrigues, and for an
unbounded ambition. She was accused of having com-
mitted incest with her own brother, the Emperor Ca-
ius Caligula, who, under the pretext of having discover-
ed that she had lived in an adulterous intercourse with
M. . 'Emilius Lepidus, the husband of her sister Drusil-
la, banished her to the island of Pontia, which was sit-
uated in the Sinus Syrticus Major, on the coast of Lib-
ya. Her sister Drusilla was likewise banished to Pon-
tia, and it seems that their exile was connected with
the punishment of Lepidus. who was put to death for
raving conspired against the emperor. Previously to
her exile, Agrippina was compelled by her brother to
carry to Rome the ashes of Lepidus. This happened
In A. D. 39. Agrippina and her sister were released
? ? in A. D. 41, by their uncle, Claudius, immediately af-
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? A. GR
TBH* arc several medals of Agrippina, which are
dUtinsuishable from those of her mother by the title of
Augusta, which those of" h*r mother never have. On
KBM of her medals she is represented with her hus-
binJ Claudius, in others -with her son Nero. (Tac. ,
. Ira. , lib. 12, 13, 14,. - Dion Cats. , lib. 59-61. -- Su-
rtw, Claud. , 43, 44; ffero, 5, 6. )-- III. Vipsania,
tauntiter of M. Vipsanius Agrippa and Pomponia, the
daughter of T Pompoiiius Atticua, his first wife. She
wu married to Tiberius, afterward emperor, by whom
? he hadDrusns. Tiberius was much attached to her,
and with great reluctance divorced her when com-
manded by Augustus, that he might marry Julia, the
daughter of the emperor. She now married Asinius
Callus. the son of the celebrated Asinius Pollio, and
hore him several children. This gave rise to a feeling
? f hatred in the breast of Tiberius against Asinius,
irhich ultimately proved his ruin. (Vtd. Asinius II. )
The children of Agrippina. by Asinius were, C. Asinius
Sakminua. Asinius Oallus, Asinius Pollio, consul
A. U. C. 776, Asinius Agrippa, consul A. U. C. 778, and
Uinius Ccler. Agrippina died A. U. C. 773, and, ac-
'ordine to Tacitus (Ann. , 3, 19), she was tho only one
? fall the children of Agrippa that died a natural death.
{Tie -. Ann. , 1, 12; 3, 19; 3, 75; 4, 1, 34. -- Sue-
to*-, Tib. , eh. 7. -- Id. , Claud. , ch. 13. ) -- IV. COLO-
Ki. also called Colonia. Agrippinennt (Tac. , Hut. ,
\, 57; 4, 55), and on inscriptions Coloma Claudia
Avfust&Agnjrpincnsium, or simply Agrippina (Amm.
Marc. , 15, 8, 11), originally the chief town of the Ubii,
and called Oppidum Ubiorum. These are mentioned
by Cesar as a German nation, dwelling on the right
bank of the Rhine, who were afterward transferred to
th* left, or Gallic aide, by Agrippa. At this town
daughter of Germanicus, was born; and,
\
? when she had attained to the dignity of empress by
? srriage with Claudius, she sent hither a military col-
ony. A. C. 50, and caused the place to be named after
bsrself It soon became large and wealthy, and was
adomej with a temple of Mara. The inhabitants re-
ceived the jo* Italicum. It answers to the modern
Kobt or Cologne. (Tac. , Ann. , 1, 35; 12, 27. -- Id. ,
Hut. , 4, 28; 1, 57; 4, 55. -- Dim Cumuli, 48, 49. )
ACRIFPINDS, bishop of Carthage, of venerable mem-
ory, but known for being the first to maintain the neces-
sity of rebaptizing all heretics. ( Vincent. Linn. , Com-
mnut . 1, 9. ) St. Cyprian regarded this opinion as the
correction of an error (St. Aufiutin. , De Baptismo, 2,
7, vol. 9, p. 103, eil. Bened. ), and St.
Augustine seems
to imply he defended his error in writing. (Epttt. , 93,
c. 10. ) He held the council of seventy bishops at
Carthage, about A. D. 200 ( Vulg. A. D. 21f>, Mans.
A. D. 217), on the subject of Baptism. Though he er-
red in a matter yet undefined by the Church, St. Au-
gustine notices that neither he nor St. Cyprian thought
of separating from the Church. (De Baptismo, 3, 1,
p. 109. ) -- II. Paconius, whose father was put to death
by Tiberius on a charge of treason. (Suet. , Tib. , 61. )
Agnppinus was accused at the same time as Thrasea,
A-D. 67, and was banished from Italy. (Tac. , Ann. ,
16, 28, 29, 33. ) He was a Stoic philosopher, and is
? poken of with praise by Epictctus (ap. Slob. , Scrm. ,
7), and Arrian (1, 1).
AGEIUS ('\fpiof), I. a son of Porthaon and Euryte,
and brother of CEneus, king of Calydon, in . 1 ;ioli:i,
AJcatbous, Melas. Leucopeus, and Sterope. He was
/atherofnx sons, of whom Thersites was one. These
? ? foam ofAgrius deprived CEneus of his kingdom, and
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? AGR
AJA
try. When the ^Etolians attempted to compel the
Medionians to join their confederacy, Agron undertook
to protect them, having been induced to do so by a
large bribe which he received from Demetrius, the fa-
ther of Philip. He accordingly sent to their assistance
a force of 5000 Illyrians, who gained a decisive victory
over the ? Etolians. Agron, overjoyed at the news of
this success, gave himself up to feasting, and, in con-
sequence of his excess, contracted a pleurisy, of which
he died (B. C. 231). He was succeeded in the gov-
ernment by his wife Teuta. Just after his death, an
embassy arrived from the Romans, who had sent to
mediate in behalf of the inhabitants of the island of Issa,
who had revolted from Agron, and placed themselves
tinder the protection of the Romans. By his first wife,
Tritcuta, whom he divorced, he had a son named Pin-
nes, or Pinneus, who survived him, and was placed un-
der the guardianship of Demetrius Pharius, who mar-
ried his mother after the death of Tcuta. (Dion Cass. ,
34, 46, 151 --Polyb. , 2, 8-4. --Appian, III. , l. --Flor. ,
2, 5. -- Pirn. , H. N. , 34, 6. ) --III. Son of Eumelus,
frandson of Mcrops, lived with his sisters, Byssa and
leropis, in the island of Cos. They worshipped the
earth, as the giver of the fruits of harvest, without pay-
ing regard to any other deity. When they were invi-
ted to the festival of Minerva, the brother replied that
the black eyes of his sisters would not please the
blue-eyed goddess, and that, for himself, the owl was
an object of aversion. If desired to offer sacrifice to
Mercury, he declared that he would show no honour
to a thief. At the sacrifices of Diana he did not ap-
pear, because that goddess roamed abroad the whole
night long. Provoked at this conduct, Minerva, Diana,
and Mercury came to their dwelling, the latter as a
shepherd, the two goddesses as maidens, to invite Eu-
melus and Agron to a sacrifice to Mercury, and the sis-
ters to the grove of Minerva and Diana. When, how-
ever, Meropis reviled Minerva, she and her sisters were
changed into birds, together with Agron, who attempt-
ed to seize upon the divinities, and Eumelus, who
heaped reproaches upon Mercury for the metamorpho-
sis of his son. The legend makes Meropis to have been
changed into a small bird of the owl kind: Byssa re-
tained her name, and became, as a species of sea-fowl,
the bird of Leucothea: Agron became the bird Chara-
drius. (Anton. Lib. , 15. )
AgrSlas, surrounded the citadel of Athens with
walls, except that part which was afterward repaired by
Cimon. (Pausan. , 1, 28. ) We have here one of the
old traditions respecting the Pclasgic race. Agrolas
was aided in the work by his brother Hyperbius, both
of them Pelasgi. According to Pausanias (/. c), they
came, originally from Sicily. It is more than proba-
ble, however, that the names in question arc those of
two leaders or two tribes, and that the work was ex-
ecuted under their orders The wall erected on this
occasion was styled Pclargicon, and the builders of it
would seem to have erected also a town or small set-
tlement for themselves, which afterward became part
of the Acropolis. (Compare Stebelis, ad Pausan. , 1,
28. --Miller, Gesch. Hellen. Stdmmc, etc. , vol. 1, p.
440. )
Agrotera, I. an annual festival, celebrated at
Athens to Diana Agrotera. ('Apre/itii 'Kyporipg). It
was instituted by Callimachus the polemarch, in con-
sequence of a vow made by him before the battle of
Marathon, that he would sacrifice to the goddess as
? ? many yearling she-goats (xtftaipae) as there might be
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? AID
A/ai and Ulysses disputed their claims to the arms of
the hero. When they were given to the latter, Ajax
became so infuriated, that, in a fit of delirium, he
slaughtered ail the sheep in the camp, under the delu-
sion that bis rival and the Atridaj, who had'favoured
the cause of the former, were the objects of his attack.
When reason returned, Aju, from mortification and
despair, put an end to his existence, by stabbing him-
self to the heart. The sword which he used as the
instrument of his death had been received by him from
Hector in exchange fox* the baldric, and thus, by a sin-
gular fatality, the present mutually conferred contrib-
uted to their mutual destruction. The blood which
ran to the ground from the wound produced the flower
kyacintkus, of a red colour, and on the petal of which
may be traced lines, imitating the form of the letters
AI, the first and second of the Greek name AIA?
(Ajaz). The Sower here meant appears to bo iden-
tical with the LUrum JWartagon (" Imperial Martagon"),
and not the ordinary hyacinth. (Fee, Flore tie Virgilc,
p. Ixvii. )--Some authorities give a different account
of the cause of his death, and make the Palladium to
have been the subject of dispute between Ajax and
Ulysses, and state also that Ulysses, in concert with
Agamemnon, caused Ajax to be assassinated. The
Greeks erected a tomb over his remains on the pro-
montory of Rhmteum, which was visited in a later
age by Alexander the Great. Sophocles has made the
dqath of Ajax the subject of one of his tragedies. Ac-
cording to the plot of this piece, the rites of sepulture
are at first refused to the corpse of Ajax, but afterward
allowed through the intercession of Ulysses. Ajax is
the Homeric type of great valour, unaccompanied by
any corresponding powers of intellect. Ulysses, on
the other hand, typifies great intellect, unaccompanied
by an equal degree of heroic valour, although he is
far, at the same time, from being a coward. {Horn. , II. ,
fassim. -- ApoUotl. , 3, 12. 7. -- Ovid, Mel. , 13, 1,
scqq. )--II. The son of Oileus, king of Locris, was
rarnamed Locrian, in contradistinction to the son of
Telamon. The term Narycian was also applied to
him from his birthplace, the Locrian town Narycium,
or Naryx. He went with forty ships to the Trojan war,
as being one of Helen's suitors. Homer describes
him as small of size, particularly dexterous in the use
of the lance, but as remarkable for brutality and cru-
elty. The night that Troy was taken, he offered vio-
lence to Cassandra, who had fled into Minerva's tem-
ple; and for this offence, as he returned home, the
goddess, who had obtained the thunders of Jupiter,
and the power of tempests from Neptune, destroyed
hU ship in a storm. Ajax swam to a rock, and said
that he was safe in spite of all the gods. Such im-
piety offended Neptune, who struck the rock with his
trident, and Ajax tumbled into the sea with part of
the rock, and was drowned. His body was afterward
found by the Greeks, and black sheep offered on his
tomb According to Virgil's account, Minerva seized
him in a whirlwind, and dashed him against a rock,
where be expired consumed by the flame of the light-
ning. (Horn. , B. , 2, 627, &c -- Virg. , jEn. , 1, 43,
scqq. --Hygin. , Fab. , 116, <Scc. )
Aidoxevs, ('Aidtii'^T. 'f), I. a surname of Pluto. It
b only another form for 'Ai<5;/r, "the invisible one. "
--II. A king of the Thesprotians in Epirus, who de-
feated the forces of Theseus and Pirithous, when the
two latter had marched against him for the purpose
of carrying off hi>> wife Proserpina. Pirithous was
? ? torn to pieces by Cerberus, the monarch's dog, while
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? ALA
ALB
Alagonia, a town of Messenia, distant about thirty
stadia from Gerenia. Pausanias (3, 26) notices its
temples of Bacchus and Diana.
Alala, an appellation given to Bellona, the goddess
of war and sister of Mars. It appears to be nothing
more than the battle-cry personified, and occurs in what
appears to be a fragment of an old war-song. (Plut. ,
de Frat. Am. , p. 483, c. )
Alalcomkn^e, I. a city of Bosotia, near the Lake
Copais, and to the southeast of Clueronea. It was
celebrated for the worship of Minerva, thence surna-
med Alalcomeneis. (Strab. , 410 and 413. --Compare
Hcyne, ad Horn. , II. , 4, 8, and Miiller, Gesch. Hctlcn.
Stamme, &c, vol. 1, p. 70. ) The temple of the god-
dess was plundered and stripped of its statues by Sylla.
(Pausan. , 9, 33. ) It is said, that when Thebes was
taken by the Epigoni, many of the inhabitants retired
to Alalcomenffi, as being held sacred and inviolable.
(Strab. , 413. --Stcph. Byz. , s. v. 'hXaAKopcviav. ) The
ruins of this place, according to Sir W. Gell (Ilin. , p.
162), are observable near the village of Sulinara, on
a projecting knoll, on which there is some little appear-
ance of a small ancient establishment or town; and
higher up may be discovered a wall or peribolus, of
ancient and massive polygons, founded upon the solid
rock. This is probably the site of the temple of the
AlalcomenianMinerva. (Cramer's Anc. Greece, vol. 2,
p. 236.
