Kevin's House sometimes called
teristic autotype of Tempul Chaimhghin, or
Letters containing Information relative to
8o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
teristic autotype of Tempul Chaimhghin, or
Letters containing Information relative to
8o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v6
About twenty years before the Rev.
Dr.
Ledwich wrote,115 a gentleman had lopped the branches of that yew to make furniture ; but, although the trunk then measured three yards in diameter, it had gradually declined.
116 The fine old Round Tower is now standing, in a state of good
from
and a font, in the north-east corner of the cathedral ; these yet remain, in the sameposition. "4 Nodoubt,informertimes,themonastichouseofGlenda lough was built in close proximity, although few traces of it can now be found.
drawings
taken
during
the last
century.
111 About the year 1780, an Italian artist
drew an inside view of it, for Colonel Bur-
104Itis6feet,8inchesfromtheground;
in height 5 feet, 6 inches, and in breadth 2
feet, 4 inches. It is semicirculai at top, and Wicklow Letters for the Irish Ordnance constructed of cut stones, so far as the arch,
which is rough mason-work, and evidently
more modern than the lower part, accord-
ing to Mr. O'Donovan's description already
noticed.
Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect, i. , sub- sect. I, p. 187.
105 About 14 feet 4% inches of dis- tance.
"The Journal of the Royal Historical and
106
the level of the ground, while it measures 5 feet, 2 inches, in height, and I foot, 10 in- ches, in breadth. It is altogether constructed of cut stones, and it is semicircular at
top.
107 It is placed, at a height of 3^ feet from
the ground, but it is so injured, that its dimensions cannot be correctly given. Mr. O'Donovan gives diagrams and measure- ments of the other windows. See ibid. , pp. 454, 455-
108
See Ledwich's "Antiquities of Ireland," p. 176. Second edition.
109 This was ascertained from the stones
remaining, according to Mr. O'Donovan's Essay, to which allusion has been already
the level of the ground, and, it measures 6 feet, in breadth, at the bottom. Ledwich has given a drawing of this window, an inside
1 ^ There was an inscribed tomb
tonConyngham. Thishasbeencopiedby
William F. Wakeman, in the County of
Survey, vol. i. , p. 458.
"a See ibid. , p. 459.
113 In the year 1780, by an Italian artist
for Colonel Burton Conyngham.
114 See an account of this cathedral, in
Archaeological Association of Ireland," It is placed, at a height of 6 feet, from Fourth Series, vol. ii. , part ii. , Memoir of
Gabriel Beranger, and his Labours in the Cause of Irish Art, Literature, and Antiqui- ties, from 1760 to 1780, with Illustrations, by Sir W. R. Wilde, M. D. , pp. 464 to 466, and PP- 471, 472.
115 See "Antiquities of Ireland," p. 173. Second edition,
"6 When the writer first visited Glenda-
lough, in June, 1855, he obtained a portion of the root, which was wrought into the fashion of an Irish cross, and it is still in his possession. Some of the Catholic clergy in the neighbourhood procured larger portions ; and, in one case, a tabernacle was con- structed from them, which is still preserved in an adjoining church.
117 Already two minor belfries have been Its lower part is 3 feet, 6 inches, from noticed, one in connexion with Trinity
made. See ibid. , p. 455. 110
Church, and the other with St. Kevin's House.
118 See "The Journal of the Royal Histo-
78 LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [June3.
11
preservation ; and, as the great belfry, ? it is not the least interesting object, in
this group of venerable ecclesiastical remains. It stands, at a distance of about fifty yards from the cathedral, towards the north-west. Putlock holes may be observed, in this structure, showing it was built from without, by means of
scaffolding. " without the cone
11' This tower is built of mica slate, with a few courses
stones,
and
projecting
6 inches. The
doorway,
120
121 which is 10 above the feet,
8 It was no in in circumference, feet, height, being 52 feet,
top.
of granite, at intervals, which have rather the appearance of encircling bands. The Tower has no regular plinth, but only a base-course, of rather small
level of the ground, is constructed of granite blocks chiselled, without orna-
ment or moulding of any kind. 122 There are four square-headed windows,
facing the four cardinal points, in this Tower; while, in each of its five other
I23 there is one
12 * This curious structure had become very ruinous, while the conical roof was gone. 125 The north jamb of the eastern upper window had fallen ; the joints throughout the building had opened a good deal ; and, at about three- fourths of the way up, the wall had bulgedextensivelyintwoplaces. Thiswasprobablytheeffectoflightning,and it seems to batter almost in a straight line, the entasis, if any, being very slight.
Of late years, the Cathedral and Round Tower have been very considerably
stories,
square-headed
window. All the have inclined apertures
and jambs, they
have no internal
splay.
and
126
substantially repaired.
There can hardly be a doubt, that several antique remains at Glendalough
have been misnamed, while the objects for which they had been originally
designed are now misconceived, and misrepresented. An old structure in the
Cathedral cemetery was called the Priests' Church, or House 12? but, only ;
two or three courses of its masonry remained. Many of its cut stones were lying about it, in the graveyard and in the adjoining Cathedral. Of late, the walls have been rebuilt. This, probably, was only a portion of the former Abbey, attached to the cathedral. About 5 perches, and 15 links, to the south-
rical and Archaeological Association of Ire- dow on the west side ; the fifth by a small
land," Fourth Series, vol. ii. , part ii. Me- moir of Gabriel Beranger, and his Labours in the Cause of Irish Art, Literature, and An- tiquities from 1760 to 1780, with illustra- tions, by Sir W. R. "Wilde, M. D. , p. 464.
"» This formerly surmounted it, and lately it has been rebuilt.
aperture on the north side ; the sixth by a
quadrangular window, placed on the east side, nearly over the doorway, but a little to the north ; the seventh story is lighted by
four quadrangular apertures, placed im- mediately under the conical cap or Ben-
cover. It is curious, that no triangular-headed 120 The masonry isspawled, yet some of window is to be seen in this tower. " See
the stones measure 3 feet long, and they are
hammer-dressed, to bring them into the ne-
cessary curve.
ibid. , p. 466.
"4 See "Notes on Irish Architecture,"
by Edwin, third Earl of Dunraven, edited by Miss Margaret Stokes, vol. ii. , part iii. ,
121
extends the entire thickness of the wall. See sect,
Its head is formed of one stone, which
" Letters containing Information relative to
i. , pp. 15,
the Antiquities of the County of Wicklow, presented, in that work, edited by Miss
collected during the Progress of the Ord- Stokes, plate lxxiii. Cloicthech Glinde-
nance Survey in 1838," vol. i. John da-Locha. There is a woodcut illustration
"
O'Donovan's Essay,
Glendalough," &c, sect. 2, p. 46410 466.
123 It is round-headed, with inclined sides, the arch being cut out of three stones ; it is 5 feet, 7 inches, high, 2 feet wide at the
base, and 1 foot, 10 inches, at the top. See ibid.
Present Remains at
of the immediate surroundings, also, on the
opposite page.
"6 A late visit to the spot, in June, 1886,
enabled the writer to observe the present well- preserved state of those antique remains,
I2? See an interesting description and illus- tration of this building, in Dr. George Petrie's "Ecclesiastical Architecture and Round Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect, iii. ,
123 The following is John O'Donovan's de-
scription : "The first story was dark; the
second was lighted by the doorway ; the sub-sect, i. , pp. 247 to 253.
third by a quadrangular window, placed on "8 So is it designated, in the drawing the south side ; the fourth by a similar win- made for Colonel Burton Conyngham, and
16.
"3 In this state, a very fine autotype is
June 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 79 west of this building, is the little church, " where the priests are buried. ""8
This has been called a a 129 sacristy, by writer,
I3°
mained, during the last century, in which the vestments and holy utensils were
formerly kept. An arched recess was on the east front of the so-called Priests' House, and an arch, presenting a well-decorated architrave, rested on narrow
columns, with capitals richly sculptured. 131 The recess, which it enclosed, had a narrow unornamented window in the centre. 132 The mouldings and bases of the columns were elegantly cut 133 while, an oblong doorway was
;
placed in the south wall, and although quite plain in its jambs, it was sur- mounted by a triangular pediment, in the tympanum of which, there was a sculptured bas-relief,134 formed on a single stone. 135 This building is sup- posed to be of very considerable antiquity. 136
In the year n63,I37 the city of Glendalough was burned, together with Cro-Chiarain, 138 and Cro-Chaeimhghin, 13 9 as also the church of the two Sinchells. 1* The artists, who examined Glendalough during the last cen- tury for Colonel Burton Conyngham, drew a Map of the valley. On this,
correct on the opinion
subject ;
and,
it has been that a closet re- stated,
they represent
and xo
the ruins of an old and a nameless — about 2
church, perches,
to the—
links,
Tempul Chaimhghin I41 and facing its north-west corner. Fragments of the walls yet remain ; but, from these, no idea can now be formed, regarding its extent or characteristics. They show, also, another nameless old church, opposite the south-west corner of St. Kevin's House, at the distance of 2 perches, and 20 links. 142 At the distance of 6 perches, and 20 links, towards the east, and by south of the last nameless old church, is shown the site of Cro-Chiarain, or St. Keiran's House. It seems likely, that after the time of St. Kevin, this cell had been dedicated, by the monks of Glendalough, as both
which has been copied by William F. Wake-
man, in the County of Wicklow Ordnance
previously to the Danish irruptions, or, at least, during that period of repose, which in- tervened between the years 886 and 977. See " Ecclesiastical Architecture and Round Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect. Hi- , sub-
sect. 1, pp. 248 to 253.
,37 See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 1150, 1151, and nn. (w, x), ibid.
,38 Anglicized, St. Ciaran's or St. Kieran's chap, xxxii. , sect xv. , n. 123, pp. 398, House.
Survey Letters, vol. i. , p. 468. 129 See Rev. Dr. Edward
"Antiquities of Ireland," p. 176. edition,
Ledwich's Second
130 Other very foolish and prejudiced re- marks on the antiquities here have been well
exposed by Rev. Dr. Lanigan, in his
"
Ec- clesiastical History of Ireland," vol. iv. ,
,3' Anglicized, St. Coemghin's or Kevin's House.
I4° Patron saints of Cill-achaidh-Droma-
foda, now Killeigh, in the barony of Geshill,
King's County.
and his Labours in the Cause of
Irish Art, Literature and Antiquities, from
1760 to 1780, with Illustrations, by Sir W. St. Kevin's Church, plate lxxxviii. , with
R. Wilde, M. D. , pp. 466 to 471.
132 A beautiful woodcut of this building
399.
131 See an account of this building, in "The
Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeo- logical Association of Ireland," Fourth Series, vol. ii. , part ii. Memoir of Gabriel
Beranger,
I4 ' There is an and a charac- interesting
ornaments Dr. Petrie's work.
surmounting belfry, as also a detailed de- scription, in " Notes on Irish Architecture," by Edwin, third Earl of Dunraven, edited by Miss to
135 A woodcut Petrie's work.
represents them,
in
Dr.
Stokes, pp. 43
l*2 No trace of this was to be seen, when
134 Petrie.
45.
John O'Donovan described this place, in
This was drawn on the spot, by Dr.
"
135 The
St. Kevin in the centre, with a bishop or an abbot on his right hand, and! a porter or bellringer on his left side, holding aqua-
drangular bell.
of
collected during the Progress of the Ord- nance Survey in 1838," vol. i. See his Essay on the " Valley of Glendalough, present Re-
mains and Features mentioned in the Life of the Patron St. Kevin," p. 477.
136
are
Dr. Petrie thinks, it was erected either
the of the Antiquities
Wicklow,
figures
supposed
to
represent
County
very incapable
of a offering
north of St.
Kevin's House sometimes called
teristic autotype of Tempul Chaimhghin, or
Letters containing Information relative to
8o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 3
holy men appear to have been not only contemporaries, but personal friends. 143 The sites I44 of Cro-Ciarain, and of the Regies an da Sinchell, with one or two
other buildings, are pointed out to the north, south, and east, of St. Kevin's House,145 the only one of those ancient buildings, which has been tolerably well preserved. Of late years, several ancient crosses I46 and tombstones I4? havebeenrecovered,andsetupwithinthecemeteries; whilevariousremains of stone crosses are still found, and scattered about the dismantled churches.
The Church of the Monastery is the most eastern of those ruined ecclesiasti- cal buildings, now remaining at Glendalough. It is thought to have been originally stone-arched, as indications of that sort were discoverable, on the
'
top of its side walls. 48 It is surrounded by a circular oval fence ; but,
although two or three tombstones are to be found there, at present no inter- ments take place. 140 South east from the Ivy Church, and on the opposite side of the Glendassan River, is located this Eastern Church, called by some the Priory of St. Saviour. 150 Near this is a stone-roofed chapel or choir, dis- covered by Samuel Hayes, Esq. , 151 about the year 1770. 152 For long, it was aheapofruins,153 andnothingcuriouscouldbeseenamongitsremainssave the pilasters of the choir-arch, the capitals of which were ornamented with grotesque figures. 154 The Rev. Dr. Ledwich assumes to give an explanation of the symbolical meanings to be attached to those figures I55 sculptured on
slab is a cross of clay slate. There is a sim- ple but elegant incised cross of granite on the pathway, between the west door of the Cathedral and St. Kevin's House. There is an incised cross, of clay slate, with gracefully interlaced ends, and half buried in a deep trench which runs northwards, beside the path leading from St. Kevin's House, to the Cathedral. Again, there is a large broken
slab and circle in of granite, a plain cross
relief, on the ground between the latter and the Cathedral cemeteiy, and southwards St. Kevin's House.
143 See ibid. , pp. 477 to 479.
144 It has been supposed, that these should
probably repay antiquarian excavation. This could easily be conducted, as their sites lie outside of the Cathedral cemetery.
I4s To the north side of St. Kevin's House,
there is a raised piece of ground, which if
examined carefully, might bring to light
some antique relics. —
145 A large granite cross
called cross—hewn from a single stone, stands in
from the Cathedral. Of this, Mr. O'Donovan gives a rude drawing, and he describes its
dimensions, as II feet, in height, from the pedestal, which was 1 foot above the level
148 Such is the opinion given by Beranger, in 1779.
149 See for a complete and recent descrip- tion " The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland,"
St.
Kevin's
of the churchyard ; its shaft is 7 feet, 4 in-
ches, in height, while its arms are 3 feet, 8 Fourth Series, vol. ii. , part ii. Memoir of
inches, in breadth. See his Essay already quoted at pp. 469, 476. The upper part ofano- ther small cross now lies within St. Kevin's
Gabriel Beranger, and his Labours in the Cause of Irish Art, Literature, and Antiqui- ties, from 1760 to 1780," with illustrations,
House. The crosses of clay slate, of which by Sir W. R. Wilde, M. D. , pp. 451 to
there are great numbers throughout the 457-
valley, are for the most part very small, and many are extremely rude.
I4? These are usually slabs of clay-slate. Many are perforated, with large square or smallroundholes. Therearenowthefollow- ing ancient slabs—in the cathedral, and in its
neighbourhood
large granite slab, broken in two, with an inter-
150 According to Archdall and other mo- dern writers, but without sufficient autho-
:
there is In its chancel a
tiquities of Ireland," p. 176. Second edi- tion.
*sa
According to Dr. Petrie.
*S> The rubbish of the contiguous church
had fallen over it, and the entrance was through a west door.
154 Drawings of these had been made, by the artists of Colonel Burton Conyngham, with a ground plan of the stone-roofed chapel or crypt, mentioned by Ledwich, and its de- tails are measured.
155 These have received the most ridi-
culous interpretations from his over- wrought fancies.
and two small crosses, within circles, in relief ; it has two inscrip- tions—one illegible—the other, OR do diarma . . . also, another plain cross and circle, in relief; likewise, a very large granite slab, having a curious pattern of dia- gonal incised lines, with circles at their in- tersections, forming a number of saltier- crosses, like that on the lintel at the Lady's Church ; this slab lies outside the west end of the Priest's Church, and at the head of this
laced cross, incised ;
rity. See P- 775-
"
Monasticon Hibernicarum,"
"
151 See Rev. Edward Ledwichs
An-
LIVES OF THE IRTSH SAINTS. 8r The crypt is said to have been about 14 feet in length, by
carried away. 15?
Rich in the traditions of St. Kevin's virtues, and sustained by an un-
broken succession of eminent ecclesiastics, at a time when Dublin was scarcely
noticed, Glendalough took a place of honour and importance among the Leinster churches, and second to none but Kildare. 160 It also established a claim to preference, in the development of architectual skill, and in the mul- tiplication of its sacred edifices. Almost from the time of St. Kevin, we find arecordofits bishopsandabbots. 161 Meantime,Dublinhadgrowntobea city of great importance, after the Danes and Norwegians settled there ; but, it was regarded as exempt from the jurisdiction of Glendalough, on account of the fact, that the Irish held little intercourse with a foreign element of population within its walls. Any history of the early Dublin prelates com- prises but slender and doubtful materials ; although, several are enumerated
as from the seventh to the eleventh living,
June 3. ]
the pilasters. 156
10 in breadth 5 ? ;'
to that the tomb of St. Kevin occu- writer,
while, according
pied a great part of the space. The nave connected with this chancel, and which appears to have been without ornament, was about 42 feet in length, by about 26 feet in breadth. It seems to have been entered by a doorway, near the chancel arch, and placed at the eastern extremity of the south wall. 158 One of the most interesting features of this curious structure is the chancel archway,ofwhichonlythepierswiththeirsemi-columnsremain. Agreat many of the sculptured stones, which formed its compound arch, were scat- tered about the adjoining cemetery ; but, a great number of others had been
century.
period, Donat or Dunan, a Dane, is said to have governed this See, from a. d.
1038 to May the 6th, 1074. With the aid of King Sitric, he commenced
building the Cathedral, at first dedicated to the Most Holy Trinity, about
a. d. 163 It was erected in the centre of the This erection was 1038. city.
afterwards better known as Christ's Church. King Sitric bestowed consider- able landed possessions on the religious fraternity, who served that cathedral,
which appears to have been placed under the Archbishops of Canterbury as metropolitans. At least, the latter prelates consecrated Donat and four other bishops of Dublin in succession. At the time of the Rathbreasal Synod, a. d. 1 no, the diocese of Glendalough is defined, as extending from
Grianoge
l6< to 165 and from Naas l66 to Rechrann. 16? These are Beg Erin,
156 See "Letters containing Information tract, compiled by Rev. Dr. William Reeves,
relative to the Antiquities of the County of and dated Tynan Rectory, September 22, Wicklow, collected during the Progress of 1869. It is intituled: "Analysis of the
the Ordnance Survey in 1838," vol. i. , John O'Donovan's Essay on the "Valley of Glen- dalough, present Remains and Feature? , mentioned in the Life of St. Kevin," sect. 6, pp. 496 to 502.
157 The interior measurements of Dr. Petrie give it 15 feet, 6 inches, in length, by 11
United Dioceses of Dublin and Glenda-
lough;" and the tract in question was
feet, 5 inches, in breadth, the walls feet in thickness.
being 3
ticon Ilibernicum," pp. 766 to 771.
l62 See John D'Alton's "Memoirs of the
Archbishops of Dublin," pp. 16 to 26.
l63 An excellent account of this Cathedral
"
158 See Dr. Petrie's " Ecclesiastical Archi-
tecture and Round Towers of Ireland,"
part ii. , sect, iii. , sub-sect, i. , p. 256.
A series of beautiful woodcuts, repre- senting the ruined archway, and its sculp- tured stones, may be seen in the work just quoted, ibid. , pp. 257 to 265.
160 Muchoftheinformationhereconveyed, and in subsequent pages, is taken from a
* 5
^
162 the latter During
written to oblige a friend.
I&1 " See Rev. Mervyn Archdall's
Monas-
will be found in John T. Gilbert's
tory of the City of Dublin," vol. i. , chap, iii. , pp. 98 to 132.
l64 Now Greenoge, in Ratoath, on the confines of Meath and Dublin.
l6s A small Island, formerly in Wexford Harbour.
l66
Once a chief city, in the present county ofKildare.
,&7 Now the Island of Lambay, on the F
His-
82 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 3
well-known landmarks, and form in a rough way the outline of a tract, even more extensive than the present united Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough. During the Northman rule, the Diocese of Dublin was confined to the walled city, and to its immediate suburbs. However, in the year 1152, when a synod
168
had been convened at Kells,
Cardinal Paparo to Ireland, so that he might constitute four Archbishoprics there, and confer the Pallium on the four Archbishops of Armagh, Cashel, Tuam and Dublin ; this latter had then become the most populous and im- portant city in Leinster, and it was naturally chosen as an ecclesiastical metropolis,undertheepiscopateofGregory. Atthattime,Dublinwasre- garded as a part of Glendalough Diocese ; but, to give territorial importance to this new creation, the region north of Bray was transferred from the Dio- cese of Glendalough, and added to that of Dublin. Archbishop Gregory died a. d. 1 161, and he was succeeded by the illustrious St. Laurence O'Toole,16? who had been Abbot of Glendalough. The respective rights and jurisdiction of the bishops and abbots, in this See, have not been clearly ascertained. In
early times, it is probable enough, the monks of the adjacent monastery served the Cathedral Church of Glendalough, which was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The temporal possessions and wealth of the Abbot there
1 far exceeded those of the Bishopric. ?
Authentic accounts are extant, and these memorials of the past are contained in ancient documents, which serve to throw much light on the subject, at least so far back as the twelfth century. The following transla- tion of a charter, executed during his incumbency, by Richard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, in favour of Thomas, Abbot of Glendalough, is supposed as referable, to about the year a. d. i i 73. 171 There is no exact date recorded, however, but we obtain from it a very fair idea, regarding the extent of the Abbot's jurisdiction, and the possessions of his Abbey, about or previous to the period of the Anglo-Norman Invasion. " Let all men now and hereafter know, that I. R. , Com. Vices, acting for the King of England, in Ireland, have given and granted, and by these my deeds have at present confirmed to my specially beloved Thomas (clico) ? clerico, the entire abbacy and person- alties of Glendelaughe, with all appurtenances of lands and dignities in that city, and in all its churches and villages without the city, as a
perpetual free gift.
These are the lands, which of ancient right
Slaney takes its course—is in the Baronies of Upper and Lower Talbotstown, towards the west. Glendalough was situated within this territory, otherwise called Forthuatha.
and when Pope Eugenius had sent his Legate
T72 and
with all appurtenances around that city, and in the district of Wyglo,'7S
belong
to the aforesaid
abbey, scilicz, ffertir,
magmersa,
east coast of Dublin County.
168 See Rev. P. J. Carew's " Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," chap, iv. , pp. 120 to
123.
169 See his Life, at the 14th of November, After the Anglo-Norman Invasion, the
the date for his Festival.
170 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. ,
"
Bishops of
O'Tooles driven from their original territory in the southern part of the county of Kil-
"
na 5-CeApc, or the Book of Rights," edited
by John O'Donovan, p. 207, n. (d). *W Now Wicklow.
Glenely.
I77 Probably Annaghcurragh, in the parish
called Fartir, Fartire, Fartry, Fertir and of Kilpipe. Creevin is also a small parish in
Glendalough," p. 372.
171 The 20th year of the reign of King
Henry II.
172 Now represented by the territory
dare settled in this district. See
leabri4]\
around the River It Vartry.
*76 Now
comprised twenty-two townlands, and it is variously
Fertyr, in the WicklowInquisitions, tempore Charles I.
* 73 Under this form of name, it is not easy
to the
identify locality.
the Barony of Shilelagh. There is Anna-
crivy, formerly An-Crewyn, as also Kil- garran, in the parish of Powerscourt.
,? 8 Now Parish. Ennereilly
174 Ui-Mail, now Imail, a well-known ter-
ritory in the cen—tre of Wicklow County. The or Fera-Cullen. This territory, also called
Glen of Imale through which
the River
I79 The church of Cullen, inFeara-Cualann Crioch Cualann, was co-extensive with the
1^and 1? * umail,
June 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 83
Cellraolibbo, eredmochae, Glenfadli,
1? 6
Rubascolage,
Achad 1? ? Caracane,
l8° Cellmaccub-
1? 8 withits
lSl with it
district of Arclo, 3 balliumeill
l8 188 dicu, 7 Cillfimmagi,
1? ^
82 Cnoc
Inbernaeli,
appurtenances, Cullenn,
Cellbritton, loigusechane,
nadan,
appurtenances baccuaseri,*
and in the
ufelan,
205 2oS
211
baliucutlane, Dundaemane, Raithedagain,
chalmoc, Teg dologa,
20I
Glenn
unennendig,
212 Cellin
umeilgille, baliudalehinsa,
186 " Kilbixi,
204 Perhaps, Ballybodan. ^s Dunboick.
206
Perhaps, Crehelp is here meant. 2°7 Now Kilbeylet, near Dunlavin.
from
and a font, in the north-east corner of the cathedral ; these yet remain, in the sameposition. "4 Nodoubt,informertimes,themonastichouseofGlenda lough was built in close proximity, although few traces of it can now be found.
drawings
taken
during
the last
century.
111 About the year 1780, an Italian artist
drew an inside view of it, for Colonel Bur-
104Itis6feet,8inchesfromtheground;
in height 5 feet, 6 inches, and in breadth 2
feet, 4 inches. It is semicirculai at top, and Wicklow Letters for the Irish Ordnance constructed of cut stones, so far as the arch,
which is rough mason-work, and evidently
more modern than the lower part, accord-
ing to Mr. O'Donovan's description already
noticed.
Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect, i. , sub- sect. I, p. 187.
105 About 14 feet 4% inches of dis- tance.
"The Journal of the Royal Historical and
106
the level of the ground, while it measures 5 feet, 2 inches, in height, and I foot, 10 in- ches, in breadth. It is altogether constructed of cut stones, and it is semicircular at
top.
107 It is placed, at a height of 3^ feet from
the ground, but it is so injured, that its dimensions cannot be correctly given. Mr. O'Donovan gives diagrams and measure- ments of the other windows. See ibid. , pp. 454, 455-
108
See Ledwich's "Antiquities of Ireland," p. 176. Second edition.
109 This was ascertained from the stones
remaining, according to Mr. O'Donovan's Essay, to which allusion has been already
the level of the ground, and, it measures 6 feet, in breadth, at the bottom. Ledwich has given a drawing of this window, an inside
1 ^ There was an inscribed tomb
tonConyngham. Thishasbeencopiedby
William F. Wakeman, in the County of
Survey, vol. i. , p. 458.
"a See ibid. , p. 459.
113 In the year 1780, by an Italian artist
for Colonel Burton Conyngham.
114 See an account of this cathedral, in
Archaeological Association of Ireland," It is placed, at a height of 6 feet, from Fourth Series, vol. ii. , part ii. , Memoir of
Gabriel Beranger, and his Labours in the Cause of Irish Art, Literature, and Antiqui- ties, from 1760 to 1780, with Illustrations, by Sir W. R. Wilde, M. D. , pp. 464 to 466, and PP- 471, 472.
115 See "Antiquities of Ireland," p. 173. Second edition,
"6 When the writer first visited Glenda-
lough, in June, 1855, he obtained a portion of the root, which was wrought into the fashion of an Irish cross, and it is still in his possession. Some of the Catholic clergy in the neighbourhood procured larger portions ; and, in one case, a tabernacle was con- structed from them, which is still preserved in an adjoining church.
117 Already two minor belfries have been Its lower part is 3 feet, 6 inches, from noticed, one in connexion with Trinity
made. See ibid. , p. 455. 110
Church, and the other with St. Kevin's House.
118 See "The Journal of the Royal Histo-
78 LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [June3.
11
preservation ; and, as the great belfry, ? it is not the least interesting object, in
this group of venerable ecclesiastical remains. It stands, at a distance of about fifty yards from the cathedral, towards the north-west. Putlock holes may be observed, in this structure, showing it was built from without, by means of
scaffolding. " without the cone
11' This tower is built of mica slate, with a few courses
stones,
and
projecting
6 inches. The
doorway,
120
121 which is 10 above the feet,
8 It was no in in circumference, feet, height, being 52 feet,
top.
of granite, at intervals, which have rather the appearance of encircling bands. The Tower has no regular plinth, but only a base-course, of rather small
level of the ground, is constructed of granite blocks chiselled, without orna-
ment or moulding of any kind. 122 There are four square-headed windows,
facing the four cardinal points, in this Tower; while, in each of its five other
I23 there is one
12 * This curious structure had become very ruinous, while the conical roof was gone. 125 The north jamb of the eastern upper window had fallen ; the joints throughout the building had opened a good deal ; and, at about three- fourths of the way up, the wall had bulgedextensivelyintwoplaces. Thiswasprobablytheeffectoflightning,and it seems to batter almost in a straight line, the entasis, if any, being very slight.
Of late years, the Cathedral and Round Tower have been very considerably
stories,
square-headed
window. All the have inclined apertures
and jambs, they
have no internal
splay.
and
126
substantially repaired.
There can hardly be a doubt, that several antique remains at Glendalough
have been misnamed, while the objects for which they had been originally
designed are now misconceived, and misrepresented. An old structure in the
Cathedral cemetery was called the Priests' Church, or House 12? but, only ;
two or three courses of its masonry remained. Many of its cut stones were lying about it, in the graveyard and in the adjoining Cathedral. Of late, the walls have been rebuilt. This, probably, was only a portion of the former Abbey, attached to the cathedral. About 5 perches, and 15 links, to the south-
rical and Archaeological Association of Ire- dow on the west side ; the fifth by a small
land," Fourth Series, vol. ii. , part ii. Me- moir of Gabriel Beranger, and his Labours in the Cause of Irish Art, Literature, and An- tiquities from 1760 to 1780, with illustra- tions, by Sir W. R. "Wilde, M. D. , p. 464.
"» This formerly surmounted it, and lately it has been rebuilt.
aperture on the north side ; the sixth by a
quadrangular window, placed on the east side, nearly over the doorway, but a little to the north ; the seventh story is lighted by
four quadrangular apertures, placed im- mediately under the conical cap or Ben-
cover. It is curious, that no triangular-headed 120 The masonry isspawled, yet some of window is to be seen in this tower. " See
the stones measure 3 feet long, and they are
hammer-dressed, to bring them into the ne-
cessary curve.
ibid. , p. 466.
"4 See "Notes on Irish Architecture,"
by Edwin, third Earl of Dunraven, edited by Miss Margaret Stokes, vol. ii. , part iii. ,
121
extends the entire thickness of the wall. See sect,
Its head is formed of one stone, which
" Letters containing Information relative to
i. , pp. 15,
the Antiquities of the County of Wicklow, presented, in that work, edited by Miss
collected during the Progress of the Ord- Stokes, plate lxxiii. Cloicthech Glinde-
nance Survey in 1838," vol. i. John da-Locha. There is a woodcut illustration
"
O'Donovan's Essay,
Glendalough," &c, sect. 2, p. 46410 466.
123 It is round-headed, with inclined sides, the arch being cut out of three stones ; it is 5 feet, 7 inches, high, 2 feet wide at the
base, and 1 foot, 10 inches, at the top. See ibid.
Present Remains at
of the immediate surroundings, also, on the
opposite page.
"6 A late visit to the spot, in June, 1886,
enabled the writer to observe the present well- preserved state of those antique remains,
I2? See an interesting description and illus- tration of this building, in Dr. George Petrie's "Ecclesiastical Architecture and Round Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect, iii. ,
123 The following is John O'Donovan's de-
scription : "The first story was dark; the
second was lighted by the doorway ; the sub-sect, i. , pp. 247 to 253.
third by a quadrangular window, placed on "8 So is it designated, in the drawing the south side ; the fourth by a similar win- made for Colonel Burton Conyngham, and
16.
"3 In this state, a very fine autotype is
June 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 79 west of this building, is the little church, " where the priests are buried. ""8
This has been called a a 129 sacristy, by writer,
I3°
mained, during the last century, in which the vestments and holy utensils were
formerly kept. An arched recess was on the east front of the so-called Priests' House, and an arch, presenting a well-decorated architrave, rested on narrow
columns, with capitals richly sculptured. 131 The recess, which it enclosed, had a narrow unornamented window in the centre. 132 The mouldings and bases of the columns were elegantly cut 133 while, an oblong doorway was
;
placed in the south wall, and although quite plain in its jambs, it was sur- mounted by a triangular pediment, in the tympanum of which, there was a sculptured bas-relief,134 formed on a single stone. 135 This building is sup- posed to be of very considerable antiquity. 136
In the year n63,I37 the city of Glendalough was burned, together with Cro-Chiarain, 138 and Cro-Chaeimhghin, 13 9 as also the church of the two Sinchells. 1* The artists, who examined Glendalough during the last cen- tury for Colonel Burton Conyngham, drew a Map of the valley. On this,
correct on the opinion
subject ;
and,
it has been that a closet re- stated,
they represent
and xo
the ruins of an old and a nameless — about 2
church, perches,
to the—
links,
Tempul Chaimhghin I41 and facing its north-west corner. Fragments of the walls yet remain ; but, from these, no idea can now be formed, regarding its extent or characteristics. They show, also, another nameless old church, opposite the south-west corner of St. Kevin's House, at the distance of 2 perches, and 20 links. 142 At the distance of 6 perches, and 20 links, towards the east, and by south of the last nameless old church, is shown the site of Cro-Chiarain, or St. Keiran's House. It seems likely, that after the time of St. Kevin, this cell had been dedicated, by the monks of Glendalough, as both
which has been copied by William F. Wake-
man, in the County of Wicklow Ordnance
previously to the Danish irruptions, or, at least, during that period of repose, which in- tervened between the years 886 and 977. See " Ecclesiastical Architecture and Round Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect. Hi- , sub-
sect. 1, pp. 248 to 253.
,37 See Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the
Four Masters," vol. ii. , pp. 1150, 1151, and nn. (w, x), ibid.
,38 Anglicized, St. Ciaran's or St. Kieran's chap, xxxii. , sect xv. , n. 123, pp. 398, House.
Survey Letters, vol. i. , p. 468. 129 See Rev. Dr. Edward
"Antiquities of Ireland," p. 176. edition,
Ledwich's Second
130 Other very foolish and prejudiced re- marks on the antiquities here have been well
exposed by Rev. Dr. Lanigan, in his
"
Ec- clesiastical History of Ireland," vol. iv. ,
,3' Anglicized, St. Coemghin's or Kevin's House.
I4° Patron saints of Cill-achaidh-Droma-
foda, now Killeigh, in the barony of Geshill,
King's County.
and his Labours in the Cause of
Irish Art, Literature and Antiquities, from
1760 to 1780, with Illustrations, by Sir W. St. Kevin's Church, plate lxxxviii. , with
R. Wilde, M. D. , pp. 466 to 471.
132 A beautiful woodcut of this building
399.
131 See an account of this building, in "The
Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeo- logical Association of Ireland," Fourth Series, vol. ii. , part ii. Memoir of Gabriel
Beranger,
I4 ' There is an and a charac- interesting
ornaments Dr. Petrie's work.
surmounting belfry, as also a detailed de- scription, in " Notes on Irish Architecture," by Edwin, third Earl of Dunraven, edited by Miss to
135 A woodcut Petrie's work.
represents them,
in
Dr.
Stokes, pp. 43
l*2 No trace of this was to be seen, when
134 Petrie.
45.
John O'Donovan described this place, in
This was drawn on the spot, by Dr.
"
135 The
St. Kevin in the centre, with a bishop or an abbot on his right hand, and! a porter or bellringer on his left side, holding aqua-
drangular bell.
of
collected during the Progress of the Ord- nance Survey in 1838," vol. i. See his Essay on the " Valley of Glendalough, present Re-
mains and Features mentioned in the Life of the Patron St. Kevin," p. 477.
136
are
Dr. Petrie thinks, it was erected either
the of the Antiquities
Wicklow,
figures
supposed
to
represent
County
very incapable
of a offering
north of St.
Kevin's House sometimes called
teristic autotype of Tempul Chaimhghin, or
Letters containing Information relative to
8o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 3
holy men appear to have been not only contemporaries, but personal friends. 143 The sites I44 of Cro-Ciarain, and of the Regies an da Sinchell, with one or two
other buildings, are pointed out to the north, south, and east, of St. Kevin's House,145 the only one of those ancient buildings, which has been tolerably well preserved. Of late years, several ancient crosses I46 and tombstones I4? havebeenrecovered,andsetupwithinthecemeteries; whilevariousremains of stone crosses are still found, and scattered about the dismantled churches.
The Church of the Monastery is the most eastern of those ruined ecclesiasti- cal buildings, now remaining at Glendalough. It is thought to have been originally stone-arched, as indications of that sort were discoverable, on the
'
top of its side walls. 48 It is surrounded by a circular oval fence ; but,
although two or three tombstones are to be found there, at present no inter- ments take place. 140 South east from the Ivy Church, and on the opposite side of the Glendassan River, is located this Eastern Church, called by some the Priory of St. Saviour. 150 Near this is a stone-roofed chapel or choir, dis- covered by Samuel Hayes, Esq. , 151 about the year 1770. 152 For long, it was aheapofruins,153 andnothingcuriouscouldbeseenamongitsremainssave the pilasters of the choir-arch, the capitals of which were ornamented with grotesque figures. 154 The Rev. Dr. Ledwich assumes to give an explanation of the symbolical meanings to be attached to those figures I55 sculptured on
slab is a cross of clay slate. There is a sim- ple but elegant incised cross of granite on the pathway, between the west door of the Cathedral and St. Kevin's House. There is an incised cross, of clay slate, with gracefully interlaced ends, and half buried in a deep trench which runs northwards, beside the path leading from St. Kevin's House, to the Cathedral. Again, there is a large broken
slab and circle in of granite, a plain cross
relief, on the ground between the latter and the Cathedral cemeteiy, and southwards St. Kevin's House.
143 See ibid. , pp. 477 to 479.
144 It has been supposed, that these should
probably repay antiquarian excavation. This could easily be conducted, as their sites lie outside of the Cathedral cemetery.
I4s To the north side of St. Kevin's House,
there is a raised piece of ground, which if
examined carefully, might bring to light
some antique relics. —
145 A large granite cross
called cross—hewn from a single stone, stands in
from the Cathedral. Of this, Mr. O'Donovan gives a rude drawing, and he describes its
dimensions, as II feet, in height, from the pedestal, which was 1 foot above the level
148 Such is the opinion given by Beranger, in 1779.
149 See for a complete and recent descrip- tion " The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland,"
St.
Kevin's
of the churchyard ; its shaft is 7 feet, 4 in-
ches, in height, while its arms are 3 feet, 8 Fourth Series, vol. ii. , part ii. Memoir of
inches, in breadth. See his Essay already quoted at pp. 469, 476. The upper part ofano- ther small cross now lies within St. Kevin's
Gabriel Beranger, and his Labours in the Cause of Irish Art, Literature, and Antiqui- ties, from 1760 to 1780," with illustrations,
House. The crosses of clay slate, of which by Sir W. R. Wilde, M. D. , pp. 451 to
there are great numbers throughout the 457-
valley, are for the most part very small, and many are extremely rude.
I4? These are usually slabs of clay-slate. Many are perforated, with large square or smallroundholes. Therearenowthefollow- ing ancient slabs—in the cathedral, and in its
neighbourhood
large granite slab, broken in two, with an inter-
150 According to Archdall and other mo- dern writers, but without sufficient autho-
:
there is In its chancel a
tiquities of Ireland," p. 176. Second edi- tion.
*sa
According to Dr. Petrie.
*S> The rubbish of the contiguous church
had fallen over it, and the entrance was through a west door.
154 Drawings of these had been made, by the artists of Colonel Burton Conyngham, with a ground plan of the stone-roofed chapel or crypt, mentioned by Ledwich, and its de- tails are measured.
155 These have received the most ridi-
culous interpretations from his over- wrought fancies.
and two small crosses, within circles, in relief ; it has two inscrip- tions—one illegible—the other, OR do diarma . . . also, another plain cross and circle, in relief; likewise, a very large granite slab, having a curious pattern of dia- gonal incised lines, with circles at their in- tersections, forming a number of saltier- crosses, like that on the lintel at the Lady's Church ; this slab lies outside the west end of the Priest's Church, and at the head of this
laced cross, incised ;
rity. See P- 775-
"
Monasticon Hibernicarum,"
"
151 See Rev. Edward Ledwichs
An-
LIVES OF THE IRTSH SAINTS. 8r The crypt is said to have been about 14 feet in length, by
carried away. 15?
Rich in the traditions of St. Kevin's virtues, and sustained by an un-
broken succession of eminent ecclesiastics, at a time when Dublin was scarcely
noticed, Glendalough took a place of honour and importance among the Leinster churches, and second to none but Kildare. 160 It also established a claim to preference, in the development of architectual skill, and in the mul- tiplication of its sacred edifices. Almost from the time of St. Kevin, we find arecordofits bishopsandabbots. 161 Meantime,Dublinhadgrowntobea city of great importance, after the Danes and Norwegians settled there ; but, it was regarded as exempt from the jurisdiction of Glendalough, on account of the fact, that the Irish held little intercourse with a foreign element of population within its walls. Any history of the early Dublin prelates com- prises but slender and doubtful materials ; although, several are enumerated
as from the seventh to the eleventh living,
June 3. ]
the pilasters. 156
10 in breadth 5 ? ;'
to that the tomb of St. Kevin occu- writer,
while, according
pied a great part of the space. The nave connected with this chancel, and which appears to have been without ornament, was about 42 feet in length, by about 26 feet in breadth. It seems to have been entered by a doorway, near the chancel arch, and placed at the eastern extremity of the south wall. 158 One of the most interesting features of this curious structure is the chancel archway,ofwhichonlythepierswiththeirsemi-columnsremain. Agreat many of the sculptured stones, which formed its compound arch, were scat- tered about the adjoining cemetery ; but, a great number of others had been
century.
period, Donat or Dunan, a Dane, is said to have governed this See, from a. d.
1038 to May the 6th, 1074. With the aid of King Sitric, he commenced
building the Cathedral, at first dedicated to the Most Holy Trinity, about
a. d. 163 It was erected in the centre of the This erection was 1038. city.
afterwards better known as Christ's Church. King Sitric bestowed consider- able landed possessions on the religious fraternity, who served that cathedral,
which appears to have been placed under the Archbishops of Canterbury as metropolitans. At least, the latter prelates consecrated Donat and four other bishops of Dublin in succession. At the time of the Rathbreasal Synod, a. d. 1 no, the diocese of Glendalough is defined, as extending from
Grianoge
l6< to 165 and from Naas l66 to Rechrann. 16? These are Beg Erin,
156 See "Letters containing Information tract, compiled by Rev. Dr. William Reeves,
relative to the Antiquities of the County of and dated Tynan Rectory, September 22, Wicklow, collected during the Progress of 1869. It is intituled: "Analysis of the
the Ordnance Survey in 1838," vol. i. , John O'Donovan's Essay on the "Valley of Glen- dalough, present Remains and Feature? , mentioned in the Life of St. Kevin," sect. 6, pp. 496 to 502.
157 The interior measurements of Dr. Petrie give it 15 feet, 6 inches, in length, by 11
United Dioceses of Dublin and Glenda-
lough;" and the tract in question was
feet, 5 inches, in breadth, the walls feet in thickness.
being 3
ticon Ilibernicum," pp. 766 to 771.
l62 See John D'Alton's "Memoirs of the
Archbishops of Dublin," pp. 16 to 26.
l63 An excellent account of this Cathedral
"
158 See Dr. Petrie's " Ecclesiastical Archi-
tecture and Round Towers of Ireland,"
part ii. , sect, iii. , sub-sect, i. , p. 256.
A series of beautiful woodcuts, repre- senting the ruined archway, and its sculp- tured stones, may be seen in the work just quoted, ibid. , pp. 257 to 265.
160 Muchoftheinformationhereconveyed, and in subsequent pages, is taken from a
* 5
^
162 the latter During
written to oblige a friend.
I&1 " See Rev. Mervyn Archdall's
Monas-
will be found in John T. Gilbert's
tory of the City of Dublin," vol. i. , chap, iii. , pp. 98 to 132.
l64 Now Greenoge, in Ratoath, on the confines of Meath and Dublin.
l6s A small Island, formerly in Wexford Harbour.
l66
Once a chief city, in the present county ofKildare.
,&7 Now the Island of Lambay, on the F
His-
82 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
[June 3
well-known landmarks, and form in a rough way the outline of a tract, even more extensive than the present united Diocese of Dublin and Glendalough. During the Northman rule, the Diocese of Dublin was confined to the walled city, and to its immediate suburbs. However, in the year 1152, when a synod
168
had been convened at Kells,
Cardinal Paparo to Ireland, so that he might constitute four Archbishoprics there, and confer the Pallium on the four Archbishops of Armagh, Cashel, Tuam and Dublin ; this latter had then become the most populous and im- portant city in Leinster, and it was naturally chosen as an ecclesiastical metropolis,undertheepiscopateofGregory. Atthattime,Dublinwasre- garded as a part of Glendalough Diocese ; but, to give territorial importance to this new creation, the region north of Bray was transferred from the Dio- cese of Glendalough, and added to that of Dublin. Archbishop Gregory died a. d. 1 161, and he was succeeded by the illustrious St. Laurence O'Toole,16? who had been Abbot of Glendalough. The respective rights and jurisdiction of the bishops and abbots, in this See, have not been clearly ascertained. In
early times, it is probable enough, the monks of the adjacent monastery served the Cathedral Church of Glendalough, which was dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul. The temporal possessions and wealth of the Abbot there
1 far exceeded those of the Bishopric. ?
Authentic accounts are extant, and these memorials of the past are contained in ancient documents, which serve to throw much light on the subject, at least so far back as the twelfth century. The following transla- tion of a charter, executed during his incumbency, by Richard Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke, in favour of Thomas, Abbot of Glendalough, is supposed as referable, to about the year a. d. i i 73. 171 There is no exact date recorded, however, but we obtain from it a very fair idea, regarding the extent of the Abbot's jurisdiction, and the possessions of his Abbey, about or previous to the period of the Anglo-Norman Invasion. " Let all men now and hereafter know, that I. R. , Com. Vices, acting for the King of England, in Ireland, have given and granted, and by these my deeds have at present confirmed to my specially beloved Thomas (clico) ? clerico, the entire abbacy and person- alties of Glendelaughe, with all appurtenances of lands and dignities in that city, and in all its churches and villages without the city, as a
perpetual free gift.
These are the lands, which of ancient right
Slaney takes its course—is in the Baronies of Upper and Lower Talbotstown, towards the west. Glendalough was situated within this territory, otherwise called Forthuatha.
and when Pope Eugenius had sent his Legate
T72 and
with all appurtenances around that city, and in the district of Wyglo,'7S
belong
to the aforesaid
abbey, scilicz, ffertir,
magmersa,
east coast of Dublin County.
168 See Rev. P. J. Carew's " Ecclesiastical
History of Ireland," chap, iv. , pp. 120 to
123.
169 See his Life, at the 14th of November, After the Anglo-Norman Invasion, the
the date for his Festival.
170 See Harris' Ware, vol. i. ,
"
Bishops of
O'Tooles driven from their original territory in the southern part of the county of Kil-
"
na 5-CeApc, or the Book of Rights," edited
by John O'Donovan, p. 207, n. (d). *W Now Wicklow.
Glenely.
I77 Probably Annaghcurragh, in the parish
called Fartir, Fartire, Fartry, Fertir and of Kilpipe. Creevin is also a small parish in
Glendalough," p. 372.
171 The 20th year of the reign of King
Henry II.
172 Now represented by the territory
dare settled in this district. See
leabri4]\
around the River It Vartry.
*76 Now
comprised twenty-two townlands, and it is variously
Fertyr, in the WicklowInquisitions, tempore Charles I.
* 73 Under this form of name, it is not easy
to the
identify locality.
the Barony of Shilelagh. There is Anna-
crivy, formerly An-Crewyn, as also Kil- garran, in the parish of Powerscourt.
,? 8 Now Parish. Ennereilly
174 Ui-Mail, now Imail, a well-known ter-
ritory in the cen—tre of Wicklow County. The or Fera-Cullen. This territory, also called
Glen of Imale through which
the River
I79 The church of Cullen, inFeara-Cualann Crioch Cualann, was co-extensive with the
1^and 1? * umail,
June 3. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 83
Cellraolibbo, eredmochae, Glenfadli,
1? 6
Rubascolage,
Achad 1? ? Caracane,
l8° Cellmaccub-
1? 8 withits
lSl with it
district of Arclo, 3 balliumeill
l8 188 dicu, 7 Cillfimmagi,
1? ^
82 Cnoc
Inbernaeli,
appurtenances, Cullenn,
Cellbritton, loigusechane,
nadan,
appurtenances baccuaseri,*
and in the
ufelan,
205 2oS
211
baliucutlane, Dundaemane, Raithedagain,
chalmoc, Teg dologa,
20I
Glenn
unennendig,
212 Cellin
umeilgille, baliudalehinsa,
186 " Kilbixi,
204 Perhaps, Ballybodan. ^s Dunboick.
206
Perhaps, Crehelp is here meant. 2°7 Now Kilbeylet, near Dunlavin.
