The writer has seen79 a painted statue of wood,
representing
St.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v8
Fiacre's relics seems to have taken
aPrioryoftheBenedictines,inthedioceseofRheims. Also,theAbbeyof
St. Faro, at Meaux, the Abbey of Faremoutier, and other churches, obtained portions of his remains at various times/' In the village of Planq, near Douay, some portions of the saint's body had been preserved; and to visit the church in which they were kept, a great concourse of pious pilgrims resorted, especially patients afflicted with haemorrhoids or piles. Also, the Dominicans at Douay had some of his relics. Moreover, the Benedictines of Blangiacensis, in Artois, had some particles of his bones in their abbey. 50
In the year 1557, on the 28th of December, the head of St. Fiacre was carried away by robbers from his oratory, and it was never afterwards recovered. During the disturbances in France, consequent on the Reforma- tion, the shrine and relics were removed in 1562. s 1 The monks at La Brie were expelled from their monastery in 1565. They then hid the shrine of St. Fiacre in a small hut, which had been erected on the side of their pond. Afterwards, they carried it to the chateau Ville-ma-reuil, and for their own safetytooktothewoods. AnativeofSt. Fiacre,andaCanonofMeaux, named Dalibert, discovered the place of their retreat, and advised the monks to deposit the remains of their patron saint, for greater security, within the CathedralChurchofMeaux. Tothispersuasiontheyyielded,onapromise that the relics should be restored to their church, when more peaceable times succeeded. However, that engagement was not afterwards observed. In the year 1561, the Huguenots had pillaged and otherwise injured Meaux; 5» but, on the 13th of September, 1568, the relics of this saint were transferred to its Cathedral. This was done, lest they might suffer desecration at the hands of the Calvinists. There the relics of St. Fiacre were placed tem- porarily in the middle of the choir, until a pyramidical erection was constructed over the chapel of St. Blasius, and behind the high altar of the cathedral. 53
The King of France, Louis XIII. ,54 surnamed the Just, had such a veneration for St. Fiacre, that his relics were preserved in the royal palace,
he being regarded as one of the most powerful patrons of the Kingdom. ss His consorfc, Queen Anne of Austria, attributed the recovery of her husband, who had fallen ill at Lyons, to the prayers of our saint. Wherefore, to manifest her gratitude, she made a pilgrimage in 1641, and on foot, from the
after his death.
the chin of the holy eremite was preserved in the chapel at Monte Lou veto,
place,
at different
periods
Thus,
de Meaux," tome ii. , p. 259.
47 Each year, on the Sunday after the Feast
of Pentecost, which was the anniversary of this first translation, a portion of St. Fiacre's relics was borne in procession through Breuil.
48 This is ascertained from a letter sent to
the Benedictines in favour of their monastery
in 1468, by John Cardinal and Bishop of
4* "
See Du Plessis, Histoire de l'Eglise de
Meaux," tome i. , p. 373, and tome ii. , p. 259. 50 According to Arnoldus Rayssius, in his
work " 190, 444
si They were then placed in the sanctuary of St. Burgundofara i n Meaux. However, pilgrimages continued to be made by the faithful to Breuil as heretofore.
S2 See " Les Plus Belles Cathed rales de France," Saint-Etienne de Meaux, p. 106. S3 See Du Plessis, in M Histoire de l'Eglise
de Meaux. "
S+ His reign commenced in 1610, and
lasted to 1643. See Malingre's "Histoire de Louis XIII," in two volumes, 8vo. , 1646. S5 See Les Petits Bollandistes, "Vies des
xxxe
ss Hence, soon after his birth, this
Angers.
Gazophylaciuru Belgicum," pp. 118,
Saints,"
tome
x. ,
jour
d'Aout
p. 336.
in the fifteenth 8 century,*
44o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 30.
village of Monceaux, to offer thanksgiving at his shrine. Moreover, this pious Queen had experienced in her own person the efficacy of his interces- sion, as she had through prayer been relieved from a bloody flux, while she believed that through his merits she had given to France the future illus- trious King Louis XIV. s6 In fine, that Queen took care each subsequent
year, that some person should represent her, and pay a visit as pilgrim to the shrine. 5? As her husband, Louis XIII. , entertained a special devotion for
St. Fiacre, when his last illness supervened, Monseigneur Seguier, then Bishop of Meaux, had a particle of the patron's relics sent to him. The monarch made a vow to embellish the saint's shrine ; and for that purpose he
Fiacre, dressed as a friar, and holding a spade in his hand. 59
In 1637, the Canons of Meaux presented one of the vertebres of St. Fiacre to Cardinal Richelieu/ It was deposited in the Parish Church of St. Josse, in Paris, a. d. 1671, through the piety of the Duchesse d'Aiguillon, and for keeping of the confraternity there established from times remote, in honour of St. Fiacre. 61 An ancient tradition, prevailed, that on the site of the chapel of that confraternity, St. Fiacre himself rested, when he arrived as an unknown pilgrim in France, and where he first began that angelic mode of living which he desired to practise. A hospital is said to have been
there erected, also, in times very remote.
The Bishop of Meaux, Monseigneur Seguier, who lived in the middle of the seventeenth century, acknowledges, that often when suffering from grievous pains, he had invoked the intercession of St. Fiacre, who pro- cured for him very salutary relief. The monks of the Order of St. Benedict at Breuil had often besought him to restore the whole body of St. Fiacre to their church. This request he was unwilling to grant. However, to satisfy their pious importunities, he withdrew a portion of the relics, from that magnificent shrine in the Cathedral, and had it enclosed in a silver-gilt case, ornamented with chrystals, and borne, as it were, by the figures of two angels, also in argtnt-dore. These relics were transferred by the Bishop in person, and with great solemnity, a great number of persons joining in that procession. Moreover, the authentication of such proceedings is contained in the letter of
left a munificent Hedied that same legacy.
*8 In order to
out that wish, his widow, Anne of Austria, spent 1,200 golden ecus in deco- rating it with argent-dore. Her husband, Louis, is there represented attired in a royal mantle, and kneeling before the altar of St. Fiacre, invested with the collar of his order. Over his head an angel bears the arms of France, and in theentablature,sixangelsarerepresentedbearingcrownsofflowers. Inthe space between those figures, and at the four corners, massivefleurs-de-lys are inserted. Under a dome, supported by eight pillars, there is a figure of St.
Monseigneur Seguier,
young prince was designated Dicudoiivt. Impressed with such an idea, she presented the baby clothes, which had been specially blessed by Pope Urban VIII. for the young prince, to the church at Brie. Afterwards, when in a sciious illness, Louis XIV. was under medical treatment, the illustrious Jaques-Benign Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, went himself to the shrine to commence a noyena for that King's recovery, which the religious of the place afterwards completed.
dated St. Fiacre, 63 June 13th, 1649.
etduFils," 1730,410.
s» See Joseph Casimir O'Meagher's paper on Saint Fiacre de la Brie, in "Proceedings
of the Royal Irish Academy," Third Series, vol. ii. , No. 2, sect, xiii. , p. 175.
6o Born in Paris, September' 5th, 1585,11c died in the same city, December 4th, 1642.
"
See Violart's Histoire du Ministere de
Richelieu, 1649, fol.
6l
^"
this confraternity, together with the whole 57 This is related by Du Plessis in royal family. Many other kings of France
Histoire de l'Eglise de Meaux," tome ii. ,
became its patrons.
6* See Du Plessis' " Histoire de
de Meaux," tome i, p. 429.
P-
5\'7S- "
l'Eglise
See Mereray's
Histoire de la Mere
year, 1643.
carry
King Charles VI. desired enrolment in
August 30. ] LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. 441
In 1673, King Charles II. directed the Earl of Essex to recruit a regiment
of foot in Ireland for the service of France. They served under Turenne on
the Rhine, during the campaigns of 1673, 1674, and 1675, when the Pala-
tinate was devastated. e3 The chapel of St. Fiacre was a special object of
devotion for the Irish soldiers, who were stationed in that quarter of France.
When the storm of Calvinistic disturbance had subsided, the monks of La
Brie applied to have the shrine of their Patron -restored to them. No heed
was paid, however, to their application. When King Louis XIV. 6* was
returning from the conquest of Alsace, in 1683, he went to visit St. Fiacre's
tomb. Then the monks petitioned him, to procure the restoration of his shrine.
Unfortunately for them, the Eagle of Meaux, Jaques-Benign Bossuet,6* was
then Bishop of that see. He opposed their request, and his influence was too
great to be successfully counteracted. The shrine is still to be seen in the
sacristy of that cathedral, as also a silver gilt statuette of St. Fiacre, 20 centi-
metres high, which at its base has a medallion containing a relic of the
66
saint.
6 During that century, the great Apostle of Charity, St. Vincent de Paul, ?
made a pilgrimage to St. Fiacre's shrine. When the sword of persecution had forced many Irish Catholics to seek a home on the Continent, and numbers of them to enter the armies of France and Spain, the shrine of St. Fiacre at Meaux became a favourite resort of those exiles. Even they com- posed Latin Hymns in his honour,68 and these were left as memorials of their visits, as having been sung in the years 1679, 1680, and i68i. 69
In 1627, the Grand Duke of Florence procured a portion of St. Fiacre's
1
relics. ? Again, in 1695, the Grand Duke of Tuscany obtained? from the
illustrious Bishop of Meaux, James Benign Bossuet, a considerable relic of the Irish saint. That nobleman, in gratitude for favours received through
his intercession, built a magnificent church at Florence, where he desired that St. Fiacre should be religiously venerated, Since that time, our saint
e3 They fought against Montecuculi at Altenheim, under Count Hamilton. He fell near Saverne in 1676.
his reign in 1643, on the death of his father, „Rigmb. Louis XIII After a remarkable historic F». p. ^
career,' he died on the 1st of September, „„. ,r. ,,rr,,. r*\r,. ' 1 7 15, at Versailles. The chief events of his
''
private life are to be found in the
du Due de Saint-Simon," The works re- lating to this monarch's reign, in France and abroad, are so numerous, that the list alone forms almost a volume of the catalogue in the National Library, Paris.
65 Born at Uijon the night of the 27th to
the 28th of September, 1627, he died in
Paris, April 1 2th, 1704. The "Histoirede
Bossuet" has been written by Cardinal de
Bausset.
64 This celebrated monarch was born on
The first
walls around St. Fiacre's altar. the 16th of September, 1638, and commenced of these commenced : —
66 onSt. FiacredelaBriein "
See Joseph Casimir O'Meagher's paper
7° "En
de Florence en obtinrent des portions, qu'ils
of the Royal Irish Academy," Third Series,
1627
eten
1695,
les
grands-ducs
vol. ii. , No. 2, sect, xiii. ,
67 He was born April 24th, 1576. He
died September 27th, 1660. His feast is held
on the 19th of July.
68 These were seen by Father Hay, who
had visited that place, when he was sub-
Memoires
ayaeris
>
This is followed by thirty-eight other verses, and at the end is added a notice, that this
was sung by the Irish pilgrims in the year 1679. The second poem is still longer, having 123 verses, with the note, "offered by an Irish choir in the year of our Lord 1680. " Thethirdisstilllonger,having206 verses, and at the clo-=e a notice, "an Irish choir offered this in 1681. "
Proceedings
pp. 175, 176.
prior in the Benedictine Monastery of Essoines, situated on the banks of the River Marne. Thepoemshefoundhangingonthe
F£ Sancte,' maternocremiocorusca
e. .
" Scotia Sacra,"
dans la — de deposerent chapelle Loppai'a,
construite a cet effet. " M. le Dr. Hoefer's " Nouvelle Biographie Generate," tome xvii. , col. 615.
? I Through the instrumentality of the Queen Marie de Medecis.
6> See Father 39.
Hay's
p.
,
;
. osa j
sw^ri« in«nr "
msiar.
44a LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 30.
has been regarded as among the chief Patrons of Tuscany. The illustrious Bishop of Meaux took a great interest in this saint, and, having read a Life of St. Fiacre,73 presented to him by Dom Mabillon, Bossuet returns it with critiques, and suggested corrections^ with a desire expressed to have it returned to him, as soon as possible, when they should have been made. ? * The oratory and shrine of St. Fiacre, at Breuil, were demolished in the revolutionary storm that swept over France towards the close of the last
century. The greater part of his relics was then scattered. w
The grand Cathedral of Meaux, in the Goth. ic style, was commenced during
the twelfth 6 and it was in the sixteenth. It is century,? partially completed
260 feet in length, and its vaulted roof is 105 feet in height. Its restoration was commenced in 1832 and carried on to 1874. 77 However, it still remains unfinished. In the apse of this cathedral, there is a chapel dedicated to St. Fiacre, constructed in the style of the thirteenth century. A stone altar, standing upon four pillars, was erected in 1866, and it was consecrated in 1870. Thebeautifulrailingwhichenclosesthechapelwasputupin1888. 78
SeveralmemorialsofthisholyHermitareinotherFrenchchurches.
The writer has seen79 a painted statue of wood, representing St. Fiacre in a shep- herd's garb, erected within the magnificent old cathedral church of St. Omer in France. It is to be found in position, almost immediately opposite a statue of our Irish St. Bridget,* on the Epistle side in the great nave.
The Bollandists have published many miracles, wrought through invoca- tion of St. Fiacre, in the Duke of Burgundy's Chapel, where some of his
Those miracles were noted down in a Manuscript
cures effected were removals of ulcers, gangrene and tumours, that had baffled the skill of the local physicians ; and, in several instances, the medical practitioners had recommended their patients to have recourse to prayer, at the shrine of St. Fiacre. The names of those healed, their par- ticular diseases, and places of residence, are specially mentioned, and witli great particularity, as so many testimonies to the merits and virtues of the holy hermit during his life-time, and to the efficacy of his intercession before
82
the King of Heaven.
intercession during the first period of the seventeenth century, are related by Du Plessis. The names, places, and several diseases of his proteges are
8 given, in each case. *
St. Fiacre is greatly venerated in France ; with which country his Acts,
i* To it had been appended some prayers. undecayed. See Carro's " Histoire de " This letter is dated A Paris, ce 22 Meaux," 1865.
relics had been preserved.
of 8x Dijon,
who that he had both states,
an
seen and had certain knowledge of what he therein related. Most of the
compiled by
anonymous writer,
Mai, 1703.
74 See the AbW
Meaux. tome xi. , part xiv. , Lettres Diverses. I. et. cccxxii. , col. 1218.
78 See Joseph Casimir O'Meagher's Paper
"
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Third Series,
ee he 'j? » ,"?
Ecclesiastical Re-
vol. ii. , No. 2, sect, xiii. , p. 176.
79 On the occasion of a visit in July, 1863. *> See allusion to this in her at the
Migne's
ipletes" de Bossuet, Eveque de
on St. Fiacre de la Brie in
cord, vol. xii. , June, 1876. S66'
s. denng the length of time elapsed since his interment The beard which he wore was
Life,
1st of February, in the Second Volume of
St. Fiacre, p.
Encyclopaedia. " grand cathedral contains the grave and tomb of Hossuet. During these restora- Uons, the coffin of this illustrious prelate was opened, and Ins remains were found to be in a remarkable state of preservation, con-
this work, Art. i.
'! 5" I
Cham " 5>ers's
«»
This city was the capital of the Duchy
Several other cures, effected through St. Fiacre's
edition,
of Burgundy.
8* SeetheBollandists' "ActaSanctorum,"
tomus vi. , Augusti xxx. De S. Fiacrio Ere- mita Conf. in Territorio Meldensi in Gallia, Appendix I. , cap. i. , ii. , num. I to 26.
8* See • Histoire de l'Eglise de Meaux," pp. 174, 175.
August 30. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 443
for the most part, are connected. There, too, scarcely any other saint is held in greater veneration. 8* Many churches and oratories were founded in France, and were dedicated to him. 8* At present, he is especially venerated as the particular patron of Brie, which is about four miles from the city of Meaux ; while he is also regarded as one of the chief patrons of Mcaui diocese. About three miles from Brie is St. Fiacre's Well. It is enclosed in an oratory, which was rebuilt in 1852. Pilgrims flock to his holy well at Monstrelet,86 which is famed for miraculous cures. The other chief places for pilgrimages in honour of our saint are Aubignan, in the diocese of Avignon ; Buss, in the diocese of Arras ; Ramecourt and Dizy-le- Gros, in the diocese of Soissons ; Ouzoer-les-champs, in the diocese of Orleans ; Bovancourt, in the diocese of Rheims ; Cuy-Saint-Fiacre, in the diocese of Rouen St. Fiacre, in the diocese of Nantes
;; Saint Fiacre, near Guincamp, in the diocese of St. Brieuc ; and Radenac, in the diocese of Vannes. 8? There can hardly be a doubt, but that this is even an imperfect enumeration of the many places having a relic of the blessed anchorite. 88 Father Stephen White 8 9 calls St. Fiacre a patron of Perrone. Andrew Saussay adds, that in a church at Paris, which was, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the jaw-bone of St. Fiacre was pre- served in an ornamental shrine, and that it was an object of devout venera-
tion for the faithful. 9°
As he spent so much of his time in horticultural labour, during his life-
1
time, our holy Hermit is still regarded as the patron of gardeners,? who honour
his memory, even while imperfectly acquainted with the particulars of his his-
3 at St. Fiacre,93 about seven miles from Meaux, on the of tory. 9 Especially 30th
August, his feast-day, numerous pilgrims come provided with a special service- book containing Messe de St. Fiacre, Vespres de St. Fiacre, Litanie de St. Fiacre, together with some hymns composed in his praise. 94 The place of his residence was much frequented by pilgrims, and on the 30th of August, the gardeners, with great pomp and floral decoration, marched to the church of the anchorite, and invoked his patronage and protection. They do so still,
84 See Bishop Challenor's "Memorial of British Piety," p. 122.
85 See Mabillon's " Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xii. , sect vi. , p. 344.
86
Near Bouffiers.
87 See "The Irish Ecclesiastical Record,"
vol. xii. , June, 1876, St. Fiacre, p. 364.
88 At Paris the religious houses of Val-de-
Grace, of the Barnabites, and of the regular chanoinesof St. Catherine de la Couture, had relics of St. Fiacre. See M. le Dr. Hoefer's "Nouvelle Biographie Generale," tome xvii. ,
See Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. ii. , p. 15, and cap. iv. , p. 39.
"
90
agri, ubi in Dei Genetricis templi ccenobitico sacrario maxilla ejus in decoro lipsanodochio, quod imago ejus profert in manibus, conde- centi cultu asservatur, iisque rutilat gloriosis
experiuntur. Usu enim hactanus compertum tst, si quis tantillum aquae, in quam immer-
gitur sacrum pignus, morbo quocumque laborat, cum fide infuderit, optatam continuo medelam consequi beati confessoris virtute : qua et aqua ipsa, quae hac benedictione donatur, ad longos annos limpida manet,
col. 615. 89 "
9I With the implements and surroundings of thisoccupation. a beautiful chromo-lithograph represents St. Fiacrius, the solitary, in his quaint religious habit,in "Lives of the Saints; enriched with Fifty-one full-page Miniatures, in Gold and Colours, the Text within en- graved Borders, from ancient Books of Devo- tion," p. 260. London, Roy. 4to, 1869.
92 See Le Comte de Montalembert's "Les Moines de l'Occident," tome ii. , livre viii. , chap, iii. , p. 436.
93 This village has a population of about
300 inhabitants.
94 One of these addressed to
In parthenona Hederensi Parisiensis
virtutum corruscationibus,
" Patron des Jardiniers," commences thus
celebrem ibidem illius et memoriam et festivitatis diem reddiderunt; confluentibus undique devotis supplicibus, qui eum benignum sibi suffra- gatorem interpellates, ibidem opitulatorem
St. — Fiacre,
quae
suavis ac
Gallicanum," xxx. Augusti.
incorrupta. "
Martyrologium
" Glorieux patron de la Brie Sois favourable a nos vceus,
P&lerins toute notre vie, Suirons le chemin des cieux. "
—"
:
444
LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 30.
and with great fervour beseech his blessing on their labours. This saint's festival is celebrated in the Church of St. Ferdinand, Vaugirard, in Paris, with great pomp ; the chancel on that day is beautifully decorated with flowers, sent by the master gardeners, who attend the service in evening dress, their wives wearing fashionable costumes, while the working gardeners with their families appear in holiday attire. * Among the Breton horti- culturists, he is grearly honoured, and on the eve of his festival, they present a bouquet of flowers, which has been blessed, in the church of Faouet village.
named Fiacre died there, and so holy was he esteemed, that every person wished to have his portrait. To please the public, the designer of the new carriages caused the figure of St. Fiacre to be painted on their doors. ? It is stated, that the first vehicles which were employed to carry people to hospital were called after the name of our saint, and the word has sinaB become general for public carriages. Wherefore, the Fiacre is a well-known designation for that kind of conveyance in France ; and the saint in conse quence has become the special patron of coachmen. 100
In Scotland, where the tradition has long prevailed that he was a Scots- man born, St. Fiacre's memory has been preserved, under various local forms
and designations. The most important place where the worship of this saint
took place in Scotland was in the parish of Nigg, and it was anciently known
as St. Fiacer Church, on the opposite side of the River De"e from Aber-
A number of
attend on the occasion. 06 The French cab is said to have derived its name fiacre °? from being specially called into requisition, while used for conveying pilgrims in early times to the shrine of St. Fiacre. However, another account prevails, that only indirectly, he has given name
nevertheless how he had been in Paris, popular
to that 8 but vehicle,?
pilgrims
showing as in other parts of France.
According to other etymologists, at the time when that carriage came into use, at the convent of the Petit-Peres, a monk
101
Moreover, it is remarkable, that his original Irish appellation, with
deen.
thehonorificmo,shouldbeappliedtohim. Thereanancientburialground and a well are still called St. Fithoc's, while the adjoining sea-coast is known as St. Ficker's Bay. In the seventeenth century, St. Fiacre's Church was called St. Mussett's or St. Muffeth's, which is the
is none other than the Mofutacus to be found in the Calendar of Camera- rius. '°3 IntheDunkeldLitany,oursaintisnamedFuttach. 10*. InStewart's Metrical Chronicle of Scotland,,05 he is noticed as Sanct Feacar and Fian- corus of Maldosens. He was venerated at Kirkpottie, in Dunbarny, in Perthshire,'06 while there is a chapel at the mouth of Glenfarg, where now
93 See M Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Third Series, vol. No. 2, xiii. Saint Fiacre de la Brie, by Joseph Casimir
O'Mengher, p. 176.
corruption
sous for the hour when driven. The drivers as well as their vehicles were called fiacres. » See M. le Dr. Hoefer's " Nouvelle Bio-
graphie Gdnerale," tome xvii. , col. 615.
,0° celebrate the Feast of Annually they
their Patron, on the 30th of August. An
96 See that
Hersart de la \\\\cma. T<\w, ISarzaz Iheiz, for a beautiful Cornuaille legend regarding this
charming
work of Le Vicomte
anniversary so commemorated is noticed by Saint. It is entitled, Le Pardon de Saint a correspondent of the Irish Times, and
"
Fiacre. " No. xlix. , pp. 350 to 355.
w TheseJfacres have become very common
since the middle of the seventeenth century.
dated from Paris, August 31st, 1875.
,0' See " Statistical Account of Scot-
land," vol. vii. , pp. 211, 212. ,02 In Blaeu's Atlas.
,03 At p. 203,
,0« See "View of the Diocese of Aber-
deen," p. 252.
,0 s.
aPrioryoftheBenedictines,inthedioceseofRheims. Also,theAbbeyof
St. Faro, at Meaux, the Abbey of Faremoutier, and other churches, obtained portions of his remains at various times/' In the village of Planq, near Douay, some portions of the saint's body had been preserved; and to visit the church in which they were kept, a great concourse of pious pilgrims resorted, especially patients afflicted with haemorrhoids or piles. Also, the Dominicans at Douay had some of his relics. Moreover, the Benedictines of Blangiacensis, in Artois, had some particles of his bones in their abbey. 50
In the year 1557, on the 28th of December, the head of St. Fiacre was carried away by robbers from his oratory, and it was never afterwards recovered. During the disturbances in France, consequent on the Reforma- tion, the shrine and relics were removed in 1562. s 1 The monks at La Brie were expelled from their monastery in 1565. They then hid the shrine of St. Fiacre in a small hut, which had been erected on the side of their pond. Afterwards, they carried it to the chateau Ville-ma-reuil, and for their own safetytooktothewoods. AnativeofSt. Fiacre,andaCanonofMeaux, named Dalibert, discovered the place of their retreat, and advised the monks to deposit the remains of their patron saint, for greater security, within the CathedralChurchofMeaux. Tothispersuasiontheyyielded,onapromise that the relics should be restored to their church, when more peaceable times succeeded. However, that engagement was not afterwards observed. In the year 1561, the Huguenots had pillaged and otherwise injured Meaux; 5» but, on the 13th of September, 1568, the relics of this saint were transferred to its Cathedral. This was done, lest they might suffer desecration at the hands of the Calvinists. There the relics of St. Fiacre were placed tem- porarily in the middle of the choir, until a pyramidical erection was constructed over the chapel of St. Blasius, and behind the high altar of the cathedral. 53
The King of France, Louis XIII. ,54 surnamed the Just, had such a veneration for St. Fiacre, that his relics were preserved in the royal palace,
he being regarded as one of the most powerful patrons of the Kingdom. ss His consorfc, Queen Anne of Austria, attributed the recovery of her husband, who had fallen ill at Lyons, to the prayers of our saint. Wherefore, to manifest her gratitude, she made a pilgrimage in 1641, and on foot, from the
after his death.
the chin of the holy eremite was preserved in the chapel at Monte Lou veto,
place,
at different
periods
Thus,
de Meaux," tome ii. , p. 259.
47 Each year, on the Sunday after the Feast
of Pentecost, which was the anniversary of this first translation, a portion of St. Fiacre's relics was borne in procession through Breuil.
48 This is ascertained from a letter sent to
the Benedictines in favour of their monastery
in 1468, by John Cardinal and Bishop of
4* "
See Du Plessis, Histoire de l'Eglise de
Meaux," tome i. , p. 373, and tome ii. , p. 259. 50 According to Arnoldus Rayssius, in his
work " 190, 444
si They were then placed in the sanctuary of St. Burgundofara i n Meaux. However, pilgrimages continued to be made by the faithful to Breuil as heretofore.
S2 See " Les Plus Belles Cathed rales de France," Saint-Etienne de Meaux, p. 106. S3 See Du Plessis, in M Histoire de l'Eglise
de Meaux. "
S+ His reign commenced in 1610, and
lasted to 1643. See Malingre's "Histoire de Louis XIII," in two volumes, 8vo. , 1646. S5 See Les Petits Bollandistes, "Vies des
xxxe
ss Hence, soon after his birth, this
Angers.
Gazophylaciuru Belgicum," pp. 118,
Saints,"
tome
x. ,
jour
d'Aout
p. 336.
in the fifteenth 8 century,*
44o LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 30.
village of Monceaux, to offer thanksgiving at his shrine. Moreover, this pious Queen had experienced in her own person the efficacy of his interces- sion, as she had through prayer been relieved from a bloody flux, while she believed that through his merits she had given to France the future illus- trious King Louis XIV. s6 In fine, that Queen took care each subsequent
year, that some person should represent her, and pay a visit as pilgrim to the shrine. 5? As her husband, Louis XIII. , entertained a special devotion for
St. Fiacre, when his last illness supervened, Monseigneur Seguier, then Bishop of Meaux, had a particle of the patron's relics sent to him. The monarch made a vow to embellish the saint's shrine ; and for that purpose he
Fiacre, dressed as a friar, and holding a spade in his hand. 59
In 1637, the Canons of Meaux presented one of the vertebres of St. Fiacre to Cardinal Richelieu/ It was deposited in the Parish Church of St. Josse, in Paris, a. d. 1671, through the piety of the Duchesse d'Aiguillon, and for keeping of the confraternity there established from times remote, in honour of St. Fiacre. 61 An ancient tradition, prevailed, that on the site of the chapel of that confraternity, St. Fiacre himself rested, when he arrived as an unknown pilgrim in France, and where he first began that angelic mode of living which he desired to practise. A hospital is said to have been
there erected, also, in times very remote.
The Bishop of Meaux, Monseigneur Seguier, who lived in the middle of the seventeenth century, acknowledges, that often when suffering from grievous pains, he had invoked the intercession of St. Fiacre, who pro- cured for him very salutary relief. The monks of the Order of St. Benedict at Breuil had often besought him to restore the whole body of St. Fiacre to their church. This request he was unwilling to grant. However, to satisfy their pious importunities, he withdrew a portion of the relics, from that magnificent shrine in the Cathedral, and had it enclosed in a silver-gilt case, ornamented with chrystals, and borne, as it were, by the figures of two angels, also in argtnt-dore. These relics were transferred by the Bishop in person, and with great solemnity, a great number of persons joining in that procession. Moreover, the authentication of such proceedings is contained in the letter of
left a munificent Hedied that same legacy.
*8 In order to
out that wish, his widow, Anne of Austria, spent 1,200 golden ecus in deco- rating it with argent-dore. Her husband, Louis, is there represented attired in a royal mantle, and kneeling before the altar of St. Fiacre, invested with the collar of his order. Over his head an angel bears the arms of France, and in theentablature,sixangelsarerepresentedbearingcrownsofflowers. Inthe space between those figures, and at the four corners, massivefleurs-de-lys are inserted. Under a dome, supported by eight pillars, there is a figure of St.
Monseigneur Seguier,
young prince was designated Dicudoiivt. Impressed with such an idea, she presented the baby clothes, which had been specially blessed by Pope Urban VIII. for the young prince, to the church at Brie. Afterwards, when in a sciious illness, Louis XIV. was under medical treatment, the illustrious Jaques-Benign Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, went himself to the shrine to commence a noyena for that King's recovery, which the religious of the place afterwards completed.
dated St. Fiacre, 63 June 13th, 1649.
etduFils," 1730,410.
s» See Joseph Casimir O'Meagher's paper on Saint Fiacre de la Brie, in "Proceedings
of the Royal Irish Academy," Third Series, vol. ii. , No. 2, sect, xiii. , p. 175.
6o Born in Paris, September' 5th, 1585,11c died in the same city, December 4th, 1642.
"
See Violart's Histoire du Ministere de
Richelieu, 1649, fol.
6l
^"
this confraternity, together with the whole 57 This is related by Du Plessis in royal family. Many other kings of France
Histoire de l'Eglise de Meaux," tome ii. ,
became its patrons.
6* See Du Plessis' " Histoire de
de Meaux," tome i, p. 429.
P-
5\'7S- "
l'Eglise
See Mereray's
Histoire de la Mere
year, 1643.
carry
King Charles VI. desired enrolment in
August 30. ] LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. 441
In 1673, King Charles II. directed the Earl of Essex to recruit a regiment
of foot in Ireland for the service of France. They served under Turenne on
the Rhine, during the campaigns of 1673, 1674, and 1675, when the Pala-
tinate was devastated. e3 The chapel of St. Fiacre was a special object of
devotion for the Irish soldiers, who were stationed in that quarter of France.
When the storm of Calvinistic disturbance had subsided, the monks of La
Brie applied to have the shrine of their Patron -restored to them. No heed
was paid, however, to their application. When King Louis XIV. 6* was
returning from the conquest of Alsace, in 1683, he went to visit St. Fiacre's
tomb. Then the monks petitioned him, to procure the restoration of his shrine.
Unfortunately for them, the Eagle of Meaux, Jaques-Benign Bossuet,6* was
then Bishop of that see. He opposed their request, and his influence was too
great to be successfully counteracted. The shrine is still to be seen in the
sacristy of that cathedral, as also a silver gilt statuette of St. Fiacre, 20 centi-
metres high, which at its base has a medallion containing a relic of the
66
saint.
6 During that century, the great Apostle of Charity, St. Vincent de Paul, ?
made a pilgrimage to St. Fiacre's shrine. When the sword of persecution had forced many Irish Catholics to seek a home on the Continent, and numbers of them to enter the armies of France and Spain, the shrine of St. Fiacre at Meaux became a favourite resort of those exiles. Even they com- posed Latin Hymns in his honour,68 and these were left as memorials of their visits, as having been sung in the years 1679, 1680, and i68i. 69
In 1627, the Grand Duke of Florence procured a portion of St. Fiacre's
1
relics. ? Again, in 1695, the Grand Duke of Tuscany obtained? from the
illustrious Bishop of Meaux, James Benign Bossuet, a considerable relic of the Irish saint. That nobleman, in gratitude for favours received through
his intercession, built a magnificent church at Florence, where he desired that St. Fiacre should be religiously venerated, Since that time, our saint
e3 They fought against Montecuculi at Altenheim, under Count Hamilton. He fell near Saverne in 1676.
his reign in 1643, on the death of his father, „Rigmb. Louis XIII After a remarkable historic F». p. ^
career,' he died on the 1st of September, „„. ,r. ,,rr,,. r*\r,. ' 1 7 15, at Versailles. The chief events of his
''
private life are to be found in the
du Due de Saint-Simon," The works re- lating to this monarch's reign, in France and abroad, are so numerous, that the list alone forms almost a volume of the catalogue in the National Library, Paris.
65 Born at Uijon the night of the 27th to
the 28th of September, 1627, he died in
Paris, April 1 2th, 1704. The "Histoirede
Bossuet" has been written by Cardinal de
Bausset.
64 This celebrated monarch was born on
The first
walls around St. Fiacre's altar. the 16th of September, 1638, and commenced of these commenced : —
66 onSt. FiacredelaBriein "
See Joseph Casimir O'Meagher's paper
7° "En
de Florence en obtinrent des portions, qu'ils
of the Royal Irish Academy," Third Series,
1627
eten
1695,
les
grands-ducs
vol. ii. , No. 2, sect, xiii. ,
67 He was born April 24th, 1576. He
died September 27th, 1660. His feast is held
on the 19th of July.
68 These were seen by Father Hay, who
had visited that place, when he was sub-
Memoires
ayaeris
>
This is followed by thirty-eight other verses, and at the end is added a notice, that this
was sung by the Irish pilgrims in the year 1679. The second poem is still longer, having 123 verses, with the note, "offered by an Irish choir in the year of our Lord 1680. " Thethirdisstilllonger,having206 verses, and at the clo-=e a notice, "an Irish choir offered this in 1681. "
Proceedings
pp. 175, 176.
prior in the Benedictine Monastery of Essoines, situated on the banks of the River Marne. Thepoemshefoundhangingonthe
F£ Sancte,' maternocremiocorusca
e. .
" Scotia Sacra,"
dans la — de deposerent chapelle Loppai'a,
construite a cet effet. " M. le Dr. Hoefer's " Nouvelle Biographie Generate," tome xvii. , col. 615.
? I Through the instrumentality of the Queen Marie de Medecis.
6> See Father 39.
Hay's
p.
,
;
. osa j
sw^ri« in«nr "
msiar.
44a LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 30.
has been regarded as among the chief Patrons of Tuscany. The illustrious Bishop of Meaux took a great interest in this saint, and, having read a Life of St. Fiacre,73 presented to him by Dom Mabillon, Bossuet returns it with critiques, and suggested corrections^ with a desire expressed to have it returned to him, as soon as possible, when they should have been made. ? * The oratory and shrine of St. Fiacre, at Breuil, were demolished in the revolutionary storm that swept over France towards the close of the last
century. The greater part of his relics was then scattered. w
The grand Cathedral of Meaux, in the Goth. ic style, was commenced during
the twelfth 6 and it was in the sixteenth. It is century,? partially completed
260 feet in length, and its vaulted roof is 105 feet in height. Its restoration was commenced in 1832 and carried on to 1874. 77 However, it still remains unfinished. In the apse of this cathedral, there is a chapel dedicated to St. Fiacre, constructed in the style of the thirteenth century. A stone altar, standing upon four pillars, was erected in 1866, and it was consecrated in 1870. Thebeautifulrailingwhichenclosesthechapelwasputupin1888. 78
SeveralmemorialsofthisholyHermitareinotherFrenchchurches.
The writer has seen79 a painted statue of wood, representing St. Fiacre in a shep- herd's garb, erected within the magnificent old cathedral church of St. Omer in France. It is to be found in position, almost immediately opposite a statue of our Irish St. Bridget,* on the Epistle side in the great nave.
The Bollandists have published many miracles, wrought through invoca- tion of St. Fiacre, in the Duke of Burgundy's Chapel, where some of his
Those miracles were noted down in a Manuscript
cures effected were removals of ulcers, gangrene and tumours, that had baffled the skill of the local physicians ; and, in several instances, the medical practitioners had recommended their patients to have recourse to prayer, at the shrine of St. Fiacre. The names of those healed, their par- ticular diseases, and places of residence, are specially mentioned, and witli great particularity, as so many testimonies to the merits and virtues of the holy hermit during his life-time, and to the efficacy of his intercession before
82
the King of Heaven.
intercession during the first period of the seventeenth century, are related by Du Plessis. The names, places, and several diseases of his proteges are
8 given, in each case. *
St. Fiacre is greatly venerated in France ; with which country his Acts,
i* To it had been appended some prayers. undecayed. See Carro's " Histoire de " This letter is dated A Paris, ce 22 Meaux," 1865.
relics had been preserved.
of 8x Dijon,
who that he had both states,
an
seen and had certain knowledge of what he therein related. Most of the
compiled by
anonymous writer,
Mai, 1703.
74 See the AbW
Meaux. tome xi. , part xiv. , Lettres Diverses. I. et. cccxxii. , col. 1218.
78 See Joseph Casimir O'Meagher's Paper
"
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Third Series,
ee he 'j? » ,"?
Ecclesiastical Re-
vol. ii. , No. 2, sect, xiii. , p. 176.
79 On the occasion of a visit in July, 1863. *> See allusion to this in her at the
Migne's
ipletes" de Bossuet, Eveque de
on St. Fiacre de la Brie in
cord, vol. xii. , June, 1876. S66'
s. denng the length of time elapsed since his interment The beard which he wore was
Life,
1st of February, in the Second Volume of
St. Fiacre, p.
Encyclopaedia. " grand cathedral contains the grave and tomb of Hossuet. During these restora- Uons, the coffin of this illustrious prelate was opened, and Ins remains were found to be in a remarkable state of preservation, con-
this work, Art. i.
'! 5" I
Cham " 5>ers's
«»
This city was the capital of the Duchy
Several other cures, effected through St. Fiacre's
edition,
of Burgundy.
8* SeetheBollandists' "ActaSanctorum,"
tomus vi. , Augusti xxx. De S. Fiacrio Ere- mita Conf. in Territorio Meldensi in Gallia, Appendix I. , cap. i. , ii. , num. I to 26.
8* See • Histoire de l'Eglise de Meaux," pp. 174, 175.
August 30. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 443
for the most part, are connected. There, too, scarcely any other saint is held in greater veneration. 8* Many churches and oratories were founded in France, and were dedicated to him. 8* At present, he is especially venerated as the particular patron of Brie, which is about four miles from the city of Meaux ; while he is also regarded as one of the chief patrons of Mcaui diocese. About three miles from Brie is St. Fiacre's Well. It is enclosed in an oratory, which was rebuilt in 1852. Pilgrims flock to his holy well at Monstrelet,86 which is famed for miraculous cures. The other chief places for pilgrimages in honour of our saint are Aubignan, in the diocese of Avignon ; Buss, in the diocese of Arras ; Ramecourt and Dizy-le- Gros, in the diocese of Soissons ; Ouzoer-les-champs, in the diocese of Orleans ; Bovancourt, in the diocese of Rheims ; Cuy-Saint-Fiacre, in the diocese of Rouen St. Fiacre, in the diocese of Nantes
;; Saint Fiacre, near Guincamp, in the diocese of St. Brieuc ; and Radenac, in the diocese of Vannes. 8? There can hardly be a doubt, but that this is even an imperfect enumeration of the many places having a relic of the blessed anchorite. 88 Father Stephen White 8 9 calls St. Fiacre a patron of Perrone. Andrew Saussay adds, that in a church at Paris, which was, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary, the jaw-bone of St. Fiacre was pre- served in an ornamental shrine, and that it was an object of devout venera-
tion for the faithful. 9°
As he spent so much of his time in horticultural labour, during his life-
1
time, our holy Hermit is still regarded as the patron of gardeners,? who honour
his memory, even while imperfectly acquainted with the particulars of his his-
3 at St. Fiacre,93 about seven miles from Meaux, on the of tory. 9 Especially 30th
August, his feast-day, numerous pilgrims come provided with a special service- book containing Messe de St. Fiacre, Vespres de St. Fiacre, Litanie de St. Fiacre, together with some hymns composed in his praise. 94 The place of his residence was much frequented by pilgrims, and on the 30th of August, the gardeners, with great pomp and floral decoration, marched to the church of the anchorite, and invoked his patronage and protection. They do so still,
84 See Bishop Challenor's "Memorial of British Piety," p. 122.
85 See Mabillon's " Annales Ordinis S. Benedicti," tomus i. , lib. xii. , sect vi. , p. 344.
86
Near Bouffiers.
87 See "The Irish Ecclesiastical Record,"
vol. xii. , June, 1876, St. Fiacre, p. 364.
88 At Paris the religious houses of Val-de-
Grace, of the Barnabites, and of the regular chanoinesof St. Catherine de la Couture, had relics of St. Fiacre. See M. le Dr. Hoefer's "Nouvelle Biographie Generale," tome xvii. ,
See Apologia pro Hibernia," cap. ii. , p. 15, and cap. iv. , p. 39.
"
90
agri, ubi in Dei Genetricis templi ccenobitico sacrario maxilla ejus in decoro lipsanodochio, quod imago ejus profert in manibus, conde- centi cultu asservatur, iisque rutilat gloriosis
experiuntur. Usu enim hactanus compertum tst, si quis tantillum aquae, in quam immer-
gitur sacrum pignus, morbo quocumque laborat, cum fide infuderit, optatam continuo medelam consequi beati confessoris virtute : qua et aqua ipsa, quae hac benedictione donatur, ad longos annos limpida manet,
col. 615. 89 "
9I With the implements and surroundings of thisoccupation. a beautiful chromo-lithograph represents St. Fiacrius, the solitary, in his quaint religious habit,in "Lives of the Saints; enriched with Fifty-one full-page Miniatures, in Gold and Colours, the Text within en- graved Borders, from ancient Books of Devo- tion," p. 260. London, Roy. 4to, 1869.
92 See Le Comte de Montalembert's "Les Moines de l'Occident," tome ii. , livre viii. , chap, iii. , p. 436.
93 This village has a population of about
300 inhabitants.
94 One of these addressed to
In parthenona Hederensi Parisiensis
virtutum corruscationibus,
" Patron des Jardiniers," commences thus
celebrem ibidem illius et memoriam et festivitatis diem reddiderunt; confluentibus undique devotis supplicibus, qui eum benignum sibi suffra- gatorem interpellates, ibidem opitulatorem
St. — Fiacre,
quae
suavis ac
Gallicanum," xxx. Augusti.
incorrupta. "
Martyrologium
" Glorieux patron de la Brie Sois favourable a nos vceus,
P&lerins toute notre vie, Suirons le chemin des cieux. "
—"
:
444
LIVES OE THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 30.
and with great fervour beseech his blessing on their labours. This saint's festival is celebrated in the Church of St. Ferdinand, Vaugirard, in Paris, with great pomp ; the chancel on that day is beautifully decorated with flowers, sent by the master gardeners, who attend the service in evening dress, their wives wearing fashionable costumes, while the working gardeners with their families appear in holiday attire. * Among the Breton horti- culturists, he is grearly honoured, and on the eve of his festival, they present a bouquet of flowers, which has been blessed, in the church of Faouet village.
named Fiacre died there, and so holy was he esteemed, that every person wished to have his portrait. To please the public, the designer of the new carriages caused the figure of St. Fiacre to be painted on their doors. ? It is stated, that the first vehicles which were employed to carry people to hospital were called after the name of our saint, and the word has sinaB become general for public carriages. Wherefore, the Fiacre is a well-known designation for that kind of conveyance in France ; and the saint in conse quence has become the special patron of coachmen. 100
In Scotland, where the tradition has long prevailed that he was a Scots- man born, St. Fiacre's memory has been preserved, under various local forms
and designations. The most important place where the worship of this saint
took place in Scotland was in the parish of Nigg, and it was anciently known
as St. Fiacer Church, on the opposite side of the River De"e from Aber-
A number of
attend on the occasion. 06 The French cab is said to have derived its name fiacre °? from being specially called into requisition, while used for conveying pilgrims in early times to the shrine of St. Fiacre. However, another account prevails, that only indirectly, he has given name
nevertheless how he had been in Paris, popular
to that 8 but vehicle,?
pilgrims
showing as in other parts of France.
According to other etymologists, at the time when that carriage came into use, at the convent of the Petit-Peres, a monk
101
Moreover, it is remarkable, that his original Irish appellation, with
deen.
thehonorificmo,shouldbeappliedtohim. Thereanancientburialground and a well are still called St. Fithoc's, while the adjoining sea-coast is known as St. Ficker's Bay. In the seventeenth century, St. Fiacre's Church was called St. Mussett's or St. Muffeth's, which is the
is none other than the Mofutacus to be found in the Calendar of Camera- rius. '°3 IntheDunkeldLitany,oursaintisnamedFuttach. 10*. InStewart's Metrical Chronicle of Scotland,,05 he is noticed as Sanct Feacar and Fian- corus of Maldosens. He was venerated at Kirkpottie, in Dunbarny, in Perthshire,'06 while there is a chapel at the mouth of Glenfarg, where now
93 See M Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Third Series, vol. No. 2, xiii. Saint Fiacre de la Brie, by Joseph Casimir
O'Mengher, p. 176.
corruption
sous for the hour when driven. The drivers as well as their vehicles were called fiacres. » See M. le Dr. Hoefer's " Nouvelle Bio-
graphie Gdnerale," tome xvii. , col. 615.
,0° celebrate the Feast of Annually they
their Patron, on the 30th of August. An
96 See that
Hersart de la \\\\cma. T<\w, ISarzaz Iheiz, for a beautiful Cornuaille legend regarding this
charming
work of Le Vicomte
anniversary so commemorated is noticed by Saint. It is entitled, Le Pardon de Saint a correspondent of the Irish Times, and
"
Fiacre. " No. xlix. , pp. 350 to 355.
w TheseJfacres have become very common
since the middle of the seventeenth century.
dated from Paris, August 31st, 1875.
,0' See " Statistical Account of Scot-
land," vol. vii. , pp. 211, 212. ,02 In Blaeu's Atlas.
,03 At p. 203,
,0« See "View of the Diocese of Aber-
deen," p. 252.
,0 s.
