* * * * *
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber notes: |
| |
| Tags that surround the words: _Hartford Courant.
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber notes: |
| |
| Tags that surround the words: _Hartford Courant.
Dryden - Complete
" _Murdin's State Papers_, vol.
ii.
p.
558. ]
[Footnote 71: The archbishop of York, in a remarkable letter to Lord
Cranbourne, expresses his wish for "more moderation in the lawful
exercise of hunting, both that poor men's corn may be less spoiled,
and other his Majesty's subjects more spared. " To this Lord Cranbourne
answers, courtier-like, that, as it was a praise in the good Emperor
Trajan, to be disposed to such manlike and active recreations, so it
ought to be a joy to the English to behold a prince, of so able a
constitution, promising long life and a numerous progeny. _Lodge's
Illustrations of English History_, vol. iii. pp. 251, 263]
[Footnote 72: "There is no news we hear, but a reasonable pretty jest
is spoken that happened at Royston. --There was one of the king's
special hounds, called Jowler, missing one day; the king was much
displeased that he was wanted, notwithstanding went a hunting. The next
day, when they were in the field, Jowler came in among the rest of the
hounds; the king was told of him, and was very glad, and, looking on
him, spied a paper about his neck, and in the paper was written--'Good
Mr Jowler,--We pray you speak to the king, for he hears you every day,
and so doth he not us; that it will please his Majesty to go back to
London, for else the country will be undone. All our provision is spent
already, and we are not able to entertain him longer. ' It was taken for
a jest, and so passed over, for his Majesty intends to lye there yet a
fortnight. " _Lodge's Illustrations_, vol. iii. p. 245. There is also
in the _Nugæ Antiquæ_, a most singular letter of the king's, praying
God to thank the master of the horse, for providing him such fair well
shaped horse, and such a fine pretty kennel of young hounds. Vol. i. p.
394. ]
[Footnote 73: See the _Nugæ Antiquæ_. In vol. i. p. 349. of Mr
Park's excellent edition, Sir John Harrington gives the following
extraordinary account of one of King James's revels with Christian
IV. of Denmark. --"One day a great feast was held, and, after dinner,
the representation of Solomon his Temple, and the coming of the queen
of Sheba, was made (or, as I may better say) was meant to have been
made, before their majesties, by device of the earl of Salisbury and
others. But, alas! as all earthly things do fail to poor mortals in
enjoyment, so did prove our presentment hereof. The ladie, who did
play the queen's part, did carry most precious gifts to both their
majesties; but, forgetting the steps arising to the canopy, overset her
caskets into his Danish majesties lap, and fell at his feet, though
I rather think it was in his face. Much was the hurry and confusion;
clothes and napkins were at hand to make all clean. His majesty then
got up, and would dance with the queen of Sheba, but he fell down and
humbled himself before her, and was carried to an inner chamber, and
laid upon a bed of state, which was not a little defiled with the
presents of the queen, which had been bestowed on his garments; such as
wine, cream, jelly, beverage, cakes, spices, and other good matters.
The entertainment and show _went forward_, and most of the presenters
_went backward_, or fell down: wine did so occupy their upper chambers.
Now did appear, in rich dresses, Hope, Faith, and Charity: Hope did
essay to speak, but wine rendered her endeavours so feeble, that she
withdrew, and _hoped_ the king would excuse her brevity: Faith was
then left all alone, for I am certain she was not joined with good
works, and left the court in a staggering condition: Charity came to
the king's feet, and seemed to cover the multitude of sins her sisters
had committed; in some sort she made obeisance, and brought gifts, but
said she would return home again, as there was no gift which heaven had
not already given his majesty. She then returned to Hope and Faith,
who were both sick, and spewing in the lower hall. Next came Victory,
in bright armour, and presented a rich sword to the king, who did not
accept it, but put it by with his hand, and by a strange medley of
versification, did endeavour to make suit to the king. But Victory did
not triumph long; for, after much lamentable utterance, she was led
away like a silly captive, and laid to sleep on the outer steps of the
anti-chamber. Now did Peace make entry, and strove to get foremost to
the king; but I grieve to tell how great wrath she did discover unto
those of her attendants, and, much contrary to her semblance, most
rudely made war with her olive-branch, and laid on the pates of those
who did oppose her coming. I have much marvelled at these strange
pageantries; and they do bring to my remembrance what past of this sort
in our queen's days, of which I was sometime a humble presenter and
assistant, but I ne'er did see such lack of good order, discretion,
and sobriety, as I have now done. I have passed much time in seeing
the royal sports of hunting and hawking, where the manners were such
as made me devise the beasts were pursuing the sober creation, and
not man, in quest of exercise and food. I will now, in good sooth,
declare to you, who will not blab, that the gun-powder fright is got
out of all our heads, and we are going on hereabouts as if the devil
was contriving every man should blow up himself by wild riot, excess,
and devastation of time and temperance. "--_Ibid. Letter from Sir John
Harrington to Mr Secretary Barlow, 1606. _]
THE
SECULAR MASQUE.
_Enter_ JANUS.
_Janus. _ Chronos, Chronos, mend thy pace;
An hundred times the rolling sun
Around the radiant belt has run
In his revolving race.
Behold, behold, the goal in sight,
Spread thy fans, and wing thy flight.
_Enter_ CHRONOS, _with a Scythe in his hand, and a Globe on his
back; which he sets down at his entrance_.
_Chronos. _ Weary, weary of my weight,
Let me, let me drop my freight,
And leave the world behind.
I could not bear,
Another year,
The load of humankind.
_Enter_ MOMUS, _laughing_.
_Momus. _ Ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! well hast thou done,
To lay down thy pack,
And lighten thy back,
The world was a fool, e'er since it begun;
And since neither Janus, nor Chronos, nor I,
Can hinder the crimes,
Or mend the bad times,
'Tis better to laugh than to cry.
Cho. of all three. _'Tis better to laugh than to cry. _
_Janus. _ Since Momus comes to laugh below,
Old Time begin the show,
That he may see, in every scene,
What changes in this age have been.
_Chronos. _ Then, goddess of the silver bow, begin.
[_Horns, or hunting-music, within. _]
_Enter_ DIANA.
_Dia. _ With horns and with hounds, I waken the day,
And hie to the woodland-walks away;
I tuck up my robe, and am buskined soon,
And tie to my forehead a wexing moon.
I course the fleet stag, unkennel the fox,
And chace the wild goats o'er summits of rocks;
With shouting and hooting we pierce through the sky,
And Echo turns hunter, and doubles the cry.
Cho. of all. _With shouting and hooting we pierce through the sky,
And Echo turns hunter, and doubles the cry. _
_Janus. _ Then our age was in its prime:
_Chronos. _ Free from rage,
_Diana. _ ----And free from crime.
_Momus. _ A very merry, dancing, drinking,
Laughing, quaffing, and unthinking time.
Cho. of all. _Then our age was in its prime,
Free from rage, and free from crime;
A very merry, dancing, drinking,
Laughing, quaffing, and unthinking time. _
[_Dance of_ DIANA'S _Attendants. _]
_Enter_ MARS.
_Mars. _ Inspire the vocal brass, inspire;
The world is past its infant age:
Arms and honour,
Arms and honour,
Set the martial mind on fire,
And kindle manly rage.
Mars has looked the sky to red;
And Peace, the lazy God,[74] is fled.
Plenty, peace, and pleasure fly;
The sprightly green,
In woodland-walks, no more is seen;
The sprightly green has drunk the Tyrian dye.
Cho. of all. _Plenty, peace, &c. _
_Mars. _ Sound the trumpet, beat the drum;
Through all the world around,
Sound a reveillé, sound, sound,
The warrior god is come.
Cho. of all. _Sound the trumpet, &c. _
_Momus. _ Thy sword within the scabbard keep,
And let mankind agree;
Better the world were fast asleep,
Than kept awake by thee.
The fools are only thinner,
With all our cost and care;
But neither side a winner,
For things are as they were.
Cho. of all. _The fools are only, &c. _
_Enter_ VENUS.
_Venus. _ Calms appear, when storms are past;
Love will have his hour at last:
Nature is my kindly care;
Mars destroys, and I repair;
Take me, take me, while you may,
Venus comes not every day.
Cho. of all. _Take her, take her, &c. _
_Chronos. _ The world was then so light,
I scarcely felt the weight;
Joy ruled the day, and Love the night.
But, since the queen of pleasure left the ground,[75]
I faint, I lag,
And feebly drag
The ponderous orb around.
_Momus. _ All, all of a piece throughout;
Thy chace had a beast in view; [_Pointing to_ DIANA.
Thy wars brought nothing about; [_To_ MARS.
Thy lovers were all untrue. [_To_ VENUS.
_Janus. _ 'Tis well an old age is out,
_Chronos. _ And time to begin a new.
Cho. of all. _All, all of a piece throughout;
Thy chace had a beast in view:--
Thy wars brought nothing about;--
Thy lovers were all untrue. --
'Tis well an old age is out,
And time to begin a new. _
[Dance of Huntsmen, Nymphs, Warriors, and Lovers.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 74: The first edition, and some others, have _Good_; but I
prefer _God_, as the more poetical reading. ]
[Footnote 75: There seems here to be a secret allusion to the exile of
the beautiful queen of James II. , so much admired by the Tory poets of
the time. ]
EPILOGUE
TO
THE PILGRIM.
This epilogue bears chiefly reference to the violent controversy,
which, about this time, arose between the favourers of the drama and
Jeremy Collier, who, in 1698, published "A short View of the Immorality
and Profaneness of the English Stage;"--"I believe," says Johnson,
"with no other view, than religious zeal, and honest indignation. [76]
He was formed for a controvertist; with sufficient learning, with
diction vehement and pointed, though often vulgar and incorrect, with
unconquerable pertinacity, with wit in the highest degree keen and
sarcastic, and with all those powers exalted and invigorated by just
confidence in his cause.
"Thus qualified, and thus incited, he walked forth to battle, and
assailed, at once, most of the living writers, from Dryden to Durfey.
His onset was violent. Those passages which, while they had stood
single, had passed with little notice, when they were accumulated and
exposed together, excited horror. The wise and the pious caught the
alarm; and the nation wondered why it had so long suffered irreligion
and licentiousness to be openly taught at the public charge. "--_Life of
Congreve. _
Dryden had his personal share of rough treatment in this indiscriminate
attack upon dramatic profligacy. But it is creditable to him, that,
whatever his feelings of resentment might be, he was too much
conscience-struck to attempt a defence of what was really indefensible.
"I shall say the less of Mr Collier, because in many things he
has taxed me justly; and I have pleaded guilty to all thoughts
and expressions of mine, which can be truly argued of obscenity,
profaneness, or immorality, and retract them. If he be my enemy, let
him triumph; if he be my friend, as I have given him no personal
occasion to be otherwise, he will be glad of my repentance. It becomes
me not to draw my pen in the defence of a bad cause, when I have so
often drawn it for a good one. " _Preface to the Fables. _
This candid avowal, and the coincidence of their political sentiments,
(for Collier was a rigid Non-juror,) did not save Dryden from some
oblique thrusts in an Answer published by Collier to the Vindications
of Congreve and Vanburgh, who, less patient or prudent than our poet,
had stepped forward to assert the correctness of their dramatic
writings. These passages in the "Defence of the Short View," which
was published in 1699, seem to have incited our poet to put himself
upon his defence, or at least to offer the best apology he could,
by throwing upon the gay court of Charles the scandal of importing
the open profligacy, which the poet insists had corrupted the stage,
instead of being derived from thence. Lord Lansdowne, in a prologue to
the "Jew of Venice," when revived, took the freedom to dissent from
Dryden and Collier; and, by exculpating both the theatre and court, to
throw the whole blame upon the public at large:
Each in his turn, the poet and the priest,
Have viewed the stage, but like false prophets guessed
The man of zeal, in his religious rage,
Would silence poets and reduce the stage;
The poet, rashly to get clear, retorts
On kings the scandal, and bespatters courts.
Both err: for, without mincing, to be plain,
The guilt's your own of every odious scene;
The present time still gives the stage its mode;
The vices, that you practise, we explode.
We hold the glass, and but reflect your shame,
Like Spartans, by exposing to reclaim.
The scribbler, pinched with hunger, writes to dine,
And to your genius must conform his line;
Not lewd by choice, but merely to submit:
Would you encourage sense, sense would be writ.
There is, in every case of this kind, much partial accusation. The
court, stage, and public at large, have a mutual action and re-action
on the manners of each other. If the habits of a court be licentious,
the poet will hardly venture to paint them noble and innocent; but it
will depend upon the extent which that licence has attained amongst
his audience at large, whether he represents the courtly vices in gay,
or in disgusting and odious colours. In any case, the dramatist, who
degrades himself by indecency, has little personal apology; for, if he
has condescended to blot his pages with filth, it avails but little
where he has gathered it.
Collier's attack on the stage was attended with good consequences,
which that active disputant lived to witness: indecencies were no
longer either fashionable or tolerated; and, by degrees, the ladies
began to fill the boxes at a new play, without either the necessity
of wearing masks, or the risk of incurring censure. Later times have
carried this laudable restraint still farther; till, at last, if we
have lost almost all the wit of our predecessors, we at least have
retained none of their licentiousness.
The following verses appear upon Dryden's death, in the "State Poems,"
vol. iii. founded upon his controversy with Sir Richard Blackmore and
Collier, which so immediately preceded that event:
John Dryden enemies had three,
Sir Dick, old Nick, and Jeremy:
The doughty knight was forced to yield,
The other two have kept the field;
But had his life been something holier,
He'd foiled the Devil and the Collier.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 76: The facetious Joe Haines, who is mentioned at the end of
the epilogue, assigned another motive for this assault: "The clergy and
the actors are both moral menders by profession," said the wag; "and
you know two of a trade can never agree. "--_Cibber's Apology. _]
EPILOGUE
TO
THE PILGRIM.
Perhaps the parson stretched a point too far,
When with our theatres he waged a war.
He tells you, that this very moral age
Received the first infection from the stage;
But sure, a banished court, with lewdness fraught,
The seeds of open vice, returning, brought.
Thus lodged, (as vice by great example thrives,)
It first debauched the daughters and the wives.
London, a fruitful soil, yet never bore
So plentiful a crop of horns before.
The poets, who must live by courts, or starve,
Were proud, so good a government to serve;
And, mixing with buffoons and pimps prophane,
Tainted the stage for some small snip of gain:
For they, like harlots, under bawds profest,
Took all the ungodly pains, and got the least.
Thus did the thriving malady prevail;
The court its head, the poets but the tail.
The sin was of our native growth, 'tis true;
The scandal of the sin was wholly new.
Misses there were, but modestly concealed;
Whitehall the naked Venus first revealed,
Who standing as at Cyprus in her shrine,
The strumpet was adored with rites divine.
Ere this, if saints had any secret motion,
'Twas chamber-practice all, and close devotion.
I pass the peccadillos of their time;
Nothing but open lewdness was a crime.
A monarch's blood was venial to the nation,
Compared with one foul act of fornication[77].
Now, they would silence us, and shut the door
That let in all the bare-faced vice before.
As for reforming us, which some pretend, }
That work in England is without an end; }
Well may we change, but we shall never mend. }
Yet, if you can but bear the present stage,
We hope much better of the coming age.
What would you say, if we should first begin }
To stop the trade of love behind the scene, }
Where actresses make bold with married men? }
For while abroad so prodigal the dolt is,
Poor spouse at home as ragged as a colt is.
In short, we'll grow as moral as we can,
Save, here and there, a woman or a man;
But neither you, nor we, with all our pains,
Can make clean work; there will be some remains,
While you have still your Oates[78] and we our Haines[79].
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 77: The rigour of the republicans against female frailty,
was of a piece with their general hypocrisy. It was, however, carried
much farther in Scotland, where open adultery was declared by statute a
capital crime. That act is still unrepealed, and may remind the reader
of a verse I have somewhere read:
Beware, ye knights on British ground,
Beware, ye dames so free;
Full many a neck so straight and round
On gallows stretched might be. ]
[Footnote 78: The infamous Oates fared, at the Revolution, not so
well as he wished, though much better than he deserved. James II. by
the extreme cruelty of the punishment, which Jefferies doomed, and he
suffered to be inflicted, contrived to excite the public commiseration
even in favour of this miscreant, whose forsworn tongue had occasioned
more murders than the dagger of the most sanguinary bravo. After the
Revolution he obtained a pardon, or rather remission of his inhuman
sentence, to be imprisoned during life, and pilloried five times every
year. He was also admitted to the comforts of a pension of L. 400
a-year. But, although he bestirred himself to obtain a reversal of
his judgement for perjury, and wrote an abusive pamphlet, entitled, a
"Picture of the late King James," and dedicated to King William, that
cool-headed monarch, and his sagacious council, would never restore
him to a capacity of bearing evidence. The Earl of Danby, now Duke
of Leeds, who had experienced the danger of his swearing capacity,
would consent to the reversal in no other sense, than that, having
been condemned to be scourged from Newgate to Tyburn, he should now be
scourged back from Tyburn to Newgate. Dryden, therefore, without fear
of offence, might venture a stroke of satire at this once formidable
person. ]
[Footnote 79: The allusion seems to be partly to Bryan Haines, the
Tory evidence against Shaftesbury and College, a fellow almost as
infamous as Oates; but chiefly, by way of equivoque, to the wicked wag
Jee Haines, the comedian, who, amongst other pranks, chose, during the
reign of James II. , to become Roman Catholic. Whether he took this step
from any serious prospect of advantage, or to throw ridicule on the new
converts, is somewhat dubious; at least his apostacy was not founded
upon conviction for, after the Revolution, he abjured the errors of
Popery, spoke a penitentiary prologue, and reconciled himself to the
church and theatre of England. ]
THE END OF THE EIGHTH VOLUME.
Edinburgh:
Printed by James Ballantyne & Co.
* * * * *
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber notes: |
| |
| Tags that surround the words: _Hartford Courant. _ |
| indicate italics. |
| |
| Table of Contents: Prologue, Song, Secular Masque etc. |
| is on page 437. Changed. |
| P. 36. 'wont' changed to 'won't'. |
| P. 65. 'Farewel' changed to 'farewell'. |
| P. 208. 'pased' changed to 'passed'. |
| P. 223. 'encreased' changed to 'increased'. |
| P. 242. 'Hippotus' changed to 'Hippotas'. |
| P. 259. 'houshold' changed to 'household'. |
| P. 293. Found the word 'contemn' in 18th century |
| dictionary--the word is similar to contempt, |
| no need to change. |
| P. 335. '1673-4' was actually '1693-4', changed. |
| P. 419. 'o o' is probably 'too', changed. |
| P. 452. Added missing footnote anchor. |
| Fixed various punctuation. |
| Replaced Paed. with Phæd as in list of characters on P. 14. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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558. ]
[Footnote 71: The archbishop of York, in a remarkable letter to Lord
Cranbourne, expresses his wish for "more moderation in the lawful
exercise of hunting, both that poor men's corn may be less spoiled,
and other his Majesty's subjects more spared. " To this Lord Cranbourne
answers, courtier-like, that, as it was a praise in the good Emperor
Trajan, to be disposed to such manlike and active recreations, so it
ought to be a joy to the English to behold a prince, of so able a
constitution, promising long life and a numerous progeny. _Lodge's
Illustrations of English History_, vol. iii. pp. 251, 263]
[Footnote 72: "There is no news we hear, but a reasonable pretty jest
is spoken that happened at Royston. --There was one of the king's
special hounds, called Jowler, missing one day; the king was much
displeased that he was wanted, notwithstanding went a hunting. The next
day, when they were in the field, Jowler came in among the rest of the
hounds; the king was told of him, and was very glad, and, looking on
him, spied a paper about his neck, and in the paper was written--'Good
Mr Jowler,--We pray you speak to the king, for he hears you every day,
and so doth he not us; that it will please his Majesty to go back to
London, for else the country will be undone. All our provision is spent
already, and we are not able to entertain him longer. ' It was taken for
a jest, and so passed over, for his Majesty intends to lye there yet a
fortnight. " _Lodge's Illustrations_, vol. iii. p. 245. There is also
in the _Nugæ Antiquæ_, a most singular letter of the king's, praying
God to thank the master of the horse, for providing him such fair well
shaped horse, and such a fine pretty kennel of young hounds. Vol. i. p.
394. ]
[Footnote 73: See the _Nugæ Antiquæ_. In vol. i. p. 349. of Mr
Park's excellent edition, Sir John Harrington gives the following
extraordinary account of one of King James's revels with Christian
IV. of Denmark. --"One day a great feast was held, and, after dinner,
the representation of Solomon his Temple, and the coming of the queen
of Sheba, was made (or, as I may better say) was meant to have been
made, before their majesties, by device of the earl of Salisbury and
others. But, alas! as all earthly things do fail to poor mortals in
enjoyment, so did prove our presentment hereof. The ladie, who did
play the queen's part, did carry most precious gifts to both their
majesties; but, forgetting the steps arising to the canopy, overset her
caskets into his Danish majesties lap, and fell at his feet, though
I rather think it was in his face. Much was the hurry and confusion;
clothes and napkins were at hand to make all clean. His majesty then
got up, and would dance with the queen of Sheba, but he fell down and
humbled himself before her, and was carried to an inner chamber, and
laid upon a bed of state, which was not a little defiled with the
presents of the queen, which had been bestowed on his garments; such as
wine, cream, jelly, beverage, cakes, spices, and other good matters.
The entertainment and show _went forward_, and most of the presenters
_went backward_, or fell down: wine did so occupy their upper chambers.
Now did appear, in rich dresses, Hope, Faith, and Charity: Hope did
essay to speak, but wine rendered her endeavours so feeble, that she
withdrew, and _hoped_ the king would excuse her brevity: Faith was
then left all alone, for I am certain she was not joined with good
works, and left the court in a staggering condition: Charity came to
the king's feet, and seemed to cover the multitude of sins her sisters
had committed; in some sort she made obeisance, and brought gifts, but
said she would return home again, as there was no gift which heaven had
not already given his majesty. She then returned to Hope and Faith,
who were both sick, and spewing in the lower hall. Next came Victory,
in bright armour, and presented a rich sword to the king, who did not
accept it, but put it by with his hand, and by a strange medley of
versification, did endeavour to make suit to the king. But Victory did
not triumph long; for, after much lamentable utterance, she was led
away like a silly captive, and laid to sleep on the outer steps of the
anti-chamber. Now did Peace make entry, and strove to get foremost to
the king; but I grieve to tell how great wrath she did discover unto
those of her attendants, and, much contrary to her semblance, most
rudely made war with her olive-branch, and laid on the pates of those
who did oppose her coming. I have much marvelled at these strange
pageantries; and they do bring to my remembrance what past of this sort
in our queen's days, of which I was sometime a humble presenter and
assistant, but I ne'er did see such lack of good order, discretion,
and sobriety, as I have now done. I have passed much time in seeing
the royal sports of hunting and hawking, where the manners were such
as made me devise the beasts were pursuing the sober creation, and
not man, in quest of exercise and food. I will now, in good sooth,
declare to you, who will not blab, that the gun-powder fright is got
out of all our heads, and we are going on hereabouts as if the devil
was contriving every man should blow up himself by wild riot, excess,
and devastation of time and temperance. "--_Ibid. Letter from Sir John
Harrington to Mr Secretary Barlow, 1606. _]
THE
SECULAR MASQUE.
_Enter_ JANUS.
_Janus. _ Chronos, Chronos, mend thy pace;
An hundred times the rolling sun
Around the radiant belt has run
In his revolving race.
Behold, behold, the goal in sight,
Spread thy fans, and wing thy flight.
_Enter_ CHRONOS, _with a Scythe in his hand, and a Globe on his
back; which he sets down at his entrance_.
_Chronos. _ Weary, weary of my weight,
Let me, let me drop my freight,
And leave the world behind.
I could not bear,
Another year,
The load of humankind.
_Enter_ MOMUS, _laughing_.
_Momus. _ Ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! ha! well hast thou done,
To lay down thy pack,
And lighten thy back,
The world was a fool, e'er since it begun;
And since neither Janus, nor Chronos, nor I,
Can hinder the crimes,
Or mend the bad times,
'Tis better to laugh than to cry.
Cho. of all three. _'Tis better to laugh than to cry. _
_Janus. _ Since Momus comes to laugh below,
Old Time begin the show,
That he may see, in every scene,
What changes in this age have been.
_Chronos. _ Then, goddess of the silver bow, begin.
[_Horns, or hunting-music, within. _]
_Enter_ DIANA.
_Dia. _ With horns and with hounds, I waken the day,
And hie to the woodland-walks away;
I tuck up my robe, and am buskined soon,
And tie to my forehead a wexing moon.
I course the fleet stag, unkennel the fox,
And chace the wild goats o'er summits of rocks;
With shouting and hooting we pierce through the sky,
And Echo turns hunter, and doubles the cry.
Cho. of all. _With shouting and hooting we pierce through the sky,
And Echo turns hunter, and doubles the cry. _
_Janus. _ Then our age was in its prime:
_Chronos. _ Free from rage,
_Diana. _ ----And free from crime.
_Momus. _ A very merry, dancing, drinking,
Laughing, quaffing, and unthinking time.
Cho. of all. _Then our age was in its prime,
Free from rage, and free from crime;
A very merry, dancing, drinking,
Laughing, quaffing, and unthinking time. _
[_Dance of_ DIANA'S _Attendants. _]
_Enter_ MARS.
_Mars. _ Inspire the vocal brass, inspire;
The world is past its infant age:
Arms and honour,
Arms and honour,
Set the martial mind on fire,
And kindle manly rage.
Mars has looked the sky to red;
And Peace, the lazy God,[74] is fled.
Plenty, peace, and pleasure fly;
The sprightly green,
In woodland-walks, no more is seen;
The sprightly green has drunk the Tyrian dye.
Cho. of all. _Plenty, peace, &c. _
_Mars. _ Sound the trumpet, beat the drum;
Through all the world around,
Sound a reveillé, sound, sound,
The warrior god is come.
Cho. of all. _Sound the trumpet, &c. _
_Momus. _ Thy sword within the scabbard keep,
And let mankind agree;
Better the world were fast asleep,
Than kept awake by thee.
The fools are only thinner,
With all our cost and care;
But neither side a winner,
For things are as they were.
Cho. of all. _The fools are only, &c. _
_Enter_ VENUS.
_Venus. _ Calms appear, when storms are past;
Love will have his hour at last:
Nature is my kindly care;
Mars destroys, and I repair;
Take me, take me, while you may,
Venus comes not every day.
Cho. of all. _Take her, take her, &c. _
_Chronos. _ The world was then so light,
I scarcely felt the weight;
Joy ruled the day, and Love the night.
But, since the queen of pleasure left the ground,[75]
I faint, I lag,
And feebly drag
The ponderous orb around.
_Momus. _ All, all of a piece throughout;
Thy chace had a beast in view; [_Pointing to_ DIANA.
Thy wars brought nothing about; [_To_ MARS.
Thy lovers were all untrue. [_To_ VENUS.
_Janus. _ 'Tis well an old age is out,
_Chronos. _ And time to begin a new.
Cho. of all. _All, all of a piece throughout;
Thy chace had a beast in view:--
Thy wars brought nothing about;--
Thy lovers were all untrue. --
'Tis well an old age is out,
And time to begin a new. _
[Dance of Huntsmen, Nymphs, Warriors, and Lovers.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 74: The first edition, and some others, have _Good_; but I
prefer _God_, as the more poetical reading. ]
[Footnote 75: There seems here to be a secret allusion to the exile of
the beautiful queen of James II. , so much admired by the Tory poets of
the time. ]
EPILOGUE
TO
THE PILGRIM.
This epilogue bears chiefly reference to the violent controversy,
which, about this time, arose between the favourers of the drama and
Jeremy Collier, who, in 1698, published "A short View of the Immorality
and Profaneness of the English Stage;"--"I believe," says Johnson,
"with no other view, than religious zeal, and honest indignation. [76]
He was formed for a controvertist; with sufficient learning, with
diction vehement and pointed, though often vulgar and incorrect, with
unconquerable pertinacity, with wit in the highest degree keen and
sarcastic, and with all those powers exalted and invigorated by just
confidence in his cause.
"Thus qualified, and thus incited, he walked forth to battle, and
assailed, at once, most of the living writers, from Dryden to Durfey.
His onset was violent. Those passages which, while they had stood
single, had passed with little notice, when they were accumulated and
exposed together, excited horror. The wise and the pious caught the
alarm; and the nation wondered why it had so long suffered irreligion
and licentiousness to be openly taught at the public charge. "--_Life of
Congreve. _
Dryden had his personal share of rough treatment in this indiscriminate
attack upon dramatic profligacy. But it is creditable to him, that,
whatever his feelings of resentment might be, he was too much
conscience-struck to attempt a defence of what was really indefensible.
"I shall say the less of Mr Collier, because in many things he
has taxed me justly; and I have pleaded guilty to all thoughts
and expressions of mine, which can be truly argued of obscenity,
profaneness, or immorality, and retract them. If he be my enemy, let
him triumph; if he be my friend, as I have given him no personal
occasion to be otherwise, he will be glad of my repentance. It becomes
me not to draw my pen in the defence of a bad cause, when I have so
often drawn it for a good one. " _Preface to the Fables. _
This candid avowal, and the coincidence of their political sentiments,
(for Collier was a rigid Non-juror,) did not save Dryden from some
oblique thrusts in an Answer published by Collier to the Vindications
of Congreve and Vanburgh, who, less patient or prudent than our poet,
had stepped forward to assert the correctness of their dramatic
writings. These passages in the "Defence of the Short View," which
was published in 1699, seem to have incited our poet to put himself
upon his defence, or at least to offer the best apology he could,
by throwing upon the gay court of Charles the scandal of importing
the open profligacy, which the poet insists had corrupted the stage,
instead of being derived from thence. Lord Lansdowne, in a prologue to
the "Jew of Venice," when revived, took the freedom to dissent from
Dryden and Collier; and, by exculpating both the theatre and court, to
throw the whole blame upon the public at large:
Each in his turn, the poet and the priest,
Have viewed the stage, but like false prophets guessed
The man of zeal, in his religious rage,
Would silence poets and reduce the stage;
The poet, rashly to get clear, retorts
On kings the scandal, and bespatters courts.
Both err: for, without mincing, to be plain,
The guilt's your own of every odious scene;
The present time still gives the stage its mode;
The vices, that you practise, we explode.
We hold the glass, and but reflect your shame,
Like Spartans, by exposing to reclaim.
The scribbler, pinched with hunger, writes to dine,
And to your genius must conform his line;
Not lewd by choice, but merely to submit:
Would you encourage sense, sense would be writ.
There is, in every case of this kind, much partial accusation. The
court, stage, and public at large, have a mutual action and re-action
on the manners of each other. If the habits of a court be licentious,
the poet will hardly venture to paint them noble and innocent; but it
will depend upon the extent which that licence has attained amongst
his audience at large, whether he represents the courtly vices in gay,
or in disgusting and odious colours. In any case, the dramatist, who
degrades himself by indecency, has little personal apology; for, if he
has condescended to blot his pages with filth, it avails but little
where he has gathered it.
Collier's attack on the stage was attended with good consequences,
which that active disputant lived to witness: indecencies were no
longer either fashionable or tolerated; and, by degrees, the ladies
began to fill the boxes at a new play, without either the necessity
of wearing masks, or the risk of incurring censure. Later times have
carried this laudable restraint still farther; till, at last, if we
have lost almost all the wit of our predecessors, we at least have
retained none of their licentiousness.
The following verses appear upon Dryden's death, in the "State Poems,"
vol. iii. founded upon his controversy with Sir Richard Blackmore and
Collier, which so immediately preceded that event:
John Dryden enemies had three,
Sir Dick, old Nick, and Jeremy:
The doughty knight was forced to yield,
The other two have kept the field;
But had his life been something holier,
He'd foiled the Devil and the Collier.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 76: The facetious Joe Haines, who is mentioned at the end of
the epilogue, assigned another motive for this assault: "The clergy and
the actors are both moral menders by profession," said the wag; "and
you know two of a trade can never agree. "--_Cibber's Apology. _]
EPILOGUE
TO
THE PILGRIM.
Perhaps the parson stretched a point too far,
When with our theatres he waged a war.
He tells you, that this very moral age
Received the first infection from the stage;
But sure, a banished court, with lewdness fraught,
The seeds of open vice, returning, brought.
Thus lodged, (as vice by great example thrives,)
It first debauched the daughters and the wives.
London, a fruitful soil, yet never bore
So plentiful a crop of horns before.
The poets, who must live by courts, or starve,
Were proud, so good a government to serve;
And, mixing with buffoons and pimps prophane,
Tainted the stage for some small snip of gain:
For they, like harlots, under bawds profest,
Took all the ungodly pains, and got the least.
Thus did the thriving malady prevail;
The court its head, the poets but the tail.
The sin was of our native growth, 'tis true;
The scandal of the sin was wholly new.
Misses there were, but modestly concealed;
Whitehall the naked Venus first revealed,
Who standing as at Cyprus in her shrine,
The strumpet was adored with rites divine.
Ere this, if saints had any secret motion,
'Twas chamber-practice all, and close devotion.
I pass the peccadillos of their time;
Nothing but open lewdness was a crime.
A monarch's blood was venial to the nation,
Compared with one foul act of fornication[77].
Now, they would silence us, and shut the door
That let in all the bare-faced vice before.
As for reforming us, which some pretend, }
That work in England is without an end; }
Well may we change, but we shall never mend. }
Yet, if you can but bear the present stage,
We hope much better of the coming age.
What would you say, if we should first begin }
To stop the trade of love behind the scene, }
Where actresses make bold with married men? }
For while abroad so prodigal the dolt is,
Poor spouse at home as ragged as a colt is.
In short, we'll grow as moral as we can,
Save, here and there, a woman or a man;
But neither you, nor we, with all our pains,
Can make clean work; there will be some remains,
While you have still your Oates[78] and we our Haines[79].
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 77: The rigour of the republicans against female frailty,
was of a piece with their general hypocrisy. It was, however, carried
much farther in Scotland, where open adultery was declared by statute a
capital crime. That act is still unrepealed, and may remind the reader
of a verse I have somewhere read:
Beware, ye knights on British ground,
Beware, ye dames so free;
Full many a neck so straight and round
On gallows stretched might be. ]
[Footnote 78: The infamous Oates fared, at the Revolution, not so
well as he wished, though much better than he deserved. James II. by
the extreme cruelty of the punishment, which Jefferies doomed, and he
suffered to be inflicted, contrived to excite the public commiseration
even in favour of this miscreant, whose forsworn tongue had occasioned
more murders than the dagger of the most sanguinary bravo. After the
Revolution he obtained a pardon, or rather remission of his inhuman
sentence, to be imprisoned during life, and pilloried five times every
year. He was also admitted to the comforts of a pension of L. 400
a-year. But, although he bestirred himself to obtain a reversal of
his judgement for perjury, and wrote an abusive pamphlet, entitled, a
"Picture of the late King James," and dedicated to King William, that
cool-headed monarch, and his sagacious council, would never restore
him to a capacity of bearing evidence. The Earl of Danby, now Duke
of Leeds, who had experienced the danger of his swearing capacity,
would consent to the reversal in no other sense, than that, having
been condemned to be scourged from Newgate to Tyburn, he should now be
scourged back from Tyburn to Newgate. Dryden, therefore, without fear
of offence, might venture a stroke of satire at this once formidable
person. ]
[Footnote 79: The allusion seems to be partly to Bryan Haines, the
Tory evidence against Shaftesbury and College, a fellow almost as
infamous as Oates; but chiefly, by way of equivoque, to the wicked wag
Jee Haines, the comedian, who, amongst other pranks, chose, during the
reign of James II. , to become Roman Catholic. Whether he took this step
from any serious prospect of advantage, or to throw ridicule on the new
converts, is somewhat dubious; at least his apostacy was not founded
upon conviction for, after the Revolution, he abjured the errors of
Popery, spoke a penitentiary prologue, and reconciled himself to the
church and theatre of England. ]
THE END OF THE EIGHTH VOLUME.
Edinburgh:
Printed by James Ballantyne & Co.
* * * * *
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
| Transcriber notes: |
| |
| Tags that surround the words: _Hartford Courant. _ |
| indicate italics. |
| |
| Table of Contents: Prologue, Song, Secular Masque etc. |
| is on page 437. Changed. |
| P. 36. 'wont' changed to 'won't'. |
| P. 65. 'Farewel' changed to 'farewell'. |
| P. 208. 'pased' changed to 'passed'. |
| P. 223. 'encreased' changed to 'increased'. |
| P. 242. 'Hippotus' changed to 'Hippotas'. |
| P. 259. 'houshold' changed to 'household'. |
| P. 293. Found the word 'contemn' in 18th century |
| dictionary--the word is similar to contempt, |
| no need to change. |
| P. 335. '1673-4' was actually '1693-4', changed. |
| P. 419. 'o o' is probably 'too', changed. |
| P. 452. Added missing footnote anchor. |
| Fixed various punctuation. |
| Replaced Paed. with Phæd as in list of characters on P. 14. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------+
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