No More Learning

1.
11, and _Alchemist_, _Wks. _ 4. 155 and 175:

----Ay, he would have built
The city new; and made a ditch about it
Of silver, should have run with cream from Hogsden.

Stephen in _Every Man in_ dwelt here, and so was forced to associate
with 'the archers of Finsbury, or the citizens that come a-ducking
to Islington ponds. ' Hogsden or Hoxton, as it is now called, is
to-day a populous district of the metropolis.

=1. 1. 18 shee will not let you play round Robbin. = The expression
is obscure, and the dictionaries afford little help. Round-robin
is a common enough phrase, but none of the meanings recorded is
applicable in this connection. Some child's game, played in a circle,
seems to be referred to, or the expression may be a cant term for
'play the deuce. ' Robin is a name of many associations, and its
connection with Robin Hood, Robin Goodfellow, and 'Robert's Men'
('The third old rank of the Canting crew. '--Grose. ) makes such an
interpretation more or less probable.

M. N. G. in _N. & Q. _ 9th Ser. 10. 394 says that 'when a man does
a thing in a circuitous, involved manner he is sometimes said "to
go all round Robin Hood's barn to do it. "' 'Round Robin Hood's
barn' may possibly have been the name of a game which has been
shortened to 'round Robin. '

=1. 1. 21 By a Middlesex Iury. = 'A reproof no less severe than
merited. It appears from the records of those times, that many
unfortunate creatures were condemned and executed on charges of the
rediculous nature here enumerated. In many instances, the judge was
well convinced of the innocence of the accused, and laboured to
save them; but such were the gross and barbarous prejudices of the
juries, that they would seldom listen to his recommendations; and
he was deterred from shewing mercy, in the last place by the brutal
ferociousness of the people, _whose teeth were set on edge with't_,
and who clamoured tumultuously for the murder of the accused. '--G.

=1. 1. 32 Lancashire. = This, as Gifford says, 'was the very hot-bed
of witches. ' Fifteen were brought to trial on Aug. 19, 1612, twelve
of whom were convicted and burnt on the day after their trial 'at the
common place of execution near to Lancaster. ' The term 'Lancashire
Witches' is now applied to the beautiful women for which the country
is famed. The details of the Lancaster trial are contained in Potts'
_Discoverie_ (Lond. 1613), and a satisfactory account is given by
Wright in his _Sorcery and Magic_.

=1. 1. 33 or some parts of Northumberland. = The first witch-trial
in Northumberland, so far as I have been able to ascertain,
occurred in 1628. This was the trial of the Witch of Leeplish.

=1. 1. 37 a Vice. = See Introduction, pp. xxxiv f.

=1. 1. 38 To practice there-with any play-fellow. = See variants.
The editors by dropping the hyphen have completely changed the
sense of the passage. Pug wants a vice in order that he may corrupt
his play-fellows _there-with_.

=1. 1. 41 ff. Why, any Fraud;=
=Or Couetousnesse; or Lady Vanity;=
=Or old Iniquity. =

Fraud is a character in Robert Wilson's _The Three Ladies of London_,
printed 1584, and _The Three Lords and Three Ladies of London_, c
1588, printed 1590. Covetousness appears in _Robin Conscience_, c
1530, and is applied to one of the characters in _The Staple of
News_, _Wks. _ 5. 216. Vanity is one of the characters in _Lusty
Juventus_ (see note 1. 1. 50) and in _Contention between Liberality
and Prodigality_, printed 1602 (_O. Pl. _ 4th ed. , 8. 328). She seems
to have been a favorite with the later dramatists, and is frequently
mentioned (_I Henry IV. _ 2. 4; _Lear_ 2. 2; _Jew of Malta_ 2. 3,
Marlowe's _Wks. _ 2. 45). Jonson speaks of her again in _The Fox_,
_Wks. _ 3. 218. For Iniquity see Introduction, p. xxxviii.

The change in punctuation (see variants), as well as that two lines
below, was first suggested by Upton in a note appended to his
_Critical Observations on Shakespeare_. Whalley silently adopted
the reading in both cases.

=1. 1. 43 I'll call him hither. = See variants. Coleridge, _Notes_, p.
280, says: 'That is, against all probability, and with a (for Jonson)
impossible violation of character. The words plainly belong to Pug,
and mark at once his simpleness and his impatience. ' Cunningham says
that he arrived independently at the same conclusion, and points out
that it is plain from Iniquity's opening speech that _he_ understood
the words to be Pug's.

=1. 1. 49 thy dagger. = See note 1. 1. 85.

=1. 1. 50 lusty Iuuentus. = The morality-play of _Lusty Juventus_
was written by R. Wever about 1550. It 'breathes the spirit of the
dogmatic reformation of the Protector Somerset,' but 'in spite of its
abundant theology it is neither ill written, nor ill constructed'
(Ward, _Eng. Drama_ 1. 125). It seems to have been very popular,
and the expression 'a lusty Juventus' became proverbial. It is used
as early as 1582 by Stanyhurst, _Aeneis_ 2 (Arber). 64 and as late
as Heywood's _Wise Woman of Hogsdon_ (c 1638), where a gallant is
apostrophised as Lusty Juventus (Act 4). (See Nares and _NED_. )
Portions of the play had been revived not many years before this
within the tragedy of _Thomas More_ (1590, acc. to Fleay 1596) under
the title of _The Mariage of Witt and Wisedome_. 'By dogs precyous
woundes' is one of the oaths used by Lusty Juventus in the old play,
and may be the 'Gogs-nownes' referred to here (_O. Pl. _, 4th ed. ,
2. 84). 'Gogs nowns' is used several times in _Like will to Like_
(_O. Pl. _, 4th ed. , 3. 327, 331, etc. ).

=1. 1. 51 In a cloake to thy heele. = See note 1. 1. 85.

=1. 1. 51 a hat like a pent-house. = 'When they haue walkt thorow the
streetes, weare their hats ore their eye-browes, like pollitick
penthouses, which commonly make the shop of a Mercer, or a Linnen
Draper, as dark as a roome in Bedlam. ' Dekker, _West-ward Hoe_,
_Wks. _ 2. 286.

With your hat penthouse-like o'er the slope of your eyes.
--_Love's Labour's Lost_ 3. 1. 17.

Halliwell says (_L. L. L. _, ed. Furness, p. 85): 'An open shed
or shop, forming a protection against the weather. The house
in which Shakespeare was born had a penthouse along a portion
of it. ' In Hollyband's _Dictionarie_, 1593, it is spelled
'pentice,' which shows that the rime to 'Juventus' is probably
not a distorted one.

=1. 1. 52 thy doublet all belly. = 'Certaine I am there was neuer any
kinde of apparell euer inuented that could more disproportion the
body of man then these Dublets with great bellies, . . . stuffed with
foure, fiue or six pound of Bombast at the least. '--Stubbes, _Anat. _,
Part 1, p. 55.

=1. 1. 54 how nimble he is! = 'A perfect idea of his activity may be
formed from the incessant skipping of the modern Harlequin. '--G.

=1. 1. 56 the top of Pauls-steeple. = As Gifford points out, Iniquity
is boasting of an impossible feat. St. Paul's steeple had been
destroyed by fire in 1561, and was not yet restored. Several attempts
were made and money collected. 'James I. countenanced a sermon at
_Paul's Cross_ in favor of so pious an undertaking, but nothing was
done till 1633 when reparations commenced with some activity, and
Inigo Jones designed, at the expense of Charles I. , a classic portico
to a Gothic church. '--Wh-C.

Lupton, _London Carbonadoed_, 1632, writes: 'The head of St. Paul's
hath twice been troubled with a burning fever, and so the city, to
keep it from a third danger, lets it stand without a head. ' Gifford
says that 'the Puritans took a malignant pleasure in this mutilated
state of the cathedral. ' Jonson refers to the disaster in his
_Execration upon Vulcan_, _U. 61_, _Wks. _ 8. 408. See also Dekker,
_Paules Steeples complaint_, _Non-dram. Wks. _ 4. 2.

=1. 1. 56 Standard in Cheepe. = This was a water-stand or conduit
in the midst of the street of West Cheaping, where executions were
formerly held. It was in a ruinous condition in 1442, when it was
repaired by a patent from Henry VI. Stow (_Survey_, ed. Thoms, p.
100) gives a list of famous executions at this place, and says that
'in the year 1399, Henry IV. caused the blanch charters made by
Richard II. to be burnt there. '

=1. 1. 58 a needle of Spaine. = Gifford, referring to Randolph's
_Amyntos_ and Ford's _Sun's Darling_, points out that 'the best
needles, as well as other sharp instruments, were, in that age, and
indeed long before and after it, imported from Spain.
' The tailor's
needle was in cant language commonly termed a _Spanish pike_.

References to the Spanish needle are frequent. It is mentioned by
Jonson in _Chloridia_, _Wks. _ 8. 99; by Dekker, _Wks. _ 4. 308; and by
Greene, _Wks. _ 11. 241. Howes (p. 1038) says: 'The making of Spanish
Needles, was first taught in England by Elias Crowse, a Germane,
about the eight yeare of Queene Elizabeth, and in Queen Maries time,
there was a Negro made fine Spanish Needles in Cheape-side, but would
neuer teach his Art to any. '

=1. 1. 59 the Suburbs. = The suburbs were the outlying districts
without the walls of the city. Cf. Stow, _Survey_, ed. Thoms, p. 156
f. They were for the most part the resort of disorderly persons. Cf.
B. & Fl. , _Humorous Lieut. _ 1. 1. ; Massinger, _Emperor of the East_
1. 2. ; Shak. , _Jul. Caes. _ 2. 1; and Nares, _Gloss_. Wheatley (ed.
_Ev. Man in_, p. 1) quotes Chettle's _Kind Harts Dreame_, 1592: 'The
suburbs of the citie are in many places no other but dark dennes for
adulterers, thieves, murderers, and every mischief worker; daily
experience before the magistrates confirms this for truth. ' Cf. also
Glapthorne, _Wit in a Constable_, _Wks. _, ed. 1874, 1. 219:

----make safe retreat
Into the Suburbs, there you may finde cast wenches.

In _Every Man in_, _Wks. _ 1. 25, a 'suburb humour' is spoken of.

=1. 1. 60 Petticoate-lane. = This is the present Middlesex
Street, Whitechapel. It was formerly called Hog Lane and was
beautified with 'fair hedge-rows,' but by Stow's time it had
been made 'a continual building throughout of garden houses and
small cottages' (_Survey_, ed. 1633, p. 120 b). Strype tells us
that the house of the Spanish Ambassador, supposedly the famous
Gondomar, was situated there (_Survey_ 2. 28). In his day the
inhabitants were French Protestant weavers, and later Jews of a
disreputable sort. That its reputation was somewhat unsavory as
early as Nash's time we learn from his _Prognostication_
(_Wks. _ 2. 149):

'If the Beadelles of Bridewell be carefull this Summer, it may
be hoped that Peticote lane may be lesse pestered with ill aires
than it was woont: and the houses there so cleere clensed, that
honest women may dwell there without any dread of the whip and
the carte. ' Cf. also _Penniless Parliament, Old Book Collector's
Misc. _ 2. 16: 'Many men shall be so venturously given, as they
shall go into Petticoat Lane, and yet come out again as honestly
as they went first in. '

=1. 1. 60 the Smock-allies. = Petticoat Lane led from the
high street, Whitechapel, to _Smock Alley_ or Gravel Lane.
See Hughson 2. 387.

=1. 1. 61 Shoreditch. = Shoreditch was formerly notorious for the
disreputable character of its women. 'To die in Shoreditch' seems
to have been a proverbial phrase, and is so used by Dryden in _The
Kind Keeper_, 4to, 1680. Cf. Nash, _Pierce Pennilesse_, _Wks. _ 2. 94:
'Call a Leete at _Byshopsgate_, & examine how euery second house in
_Shorditch_ is mayntayned; make a priuie search in _Southwarke_, and
tell mee how many Shee-Inmates you fin de: nay, goe where you will in
the Suburbes, and bring me two Virgins that haue vowd Chastity and
Ile builde a Nunnery. ' Also _ibid. _, p. 95; Gabriel Harvey, _Prose
Wks. _, ed. Grosart. 2. 169; and Dekker, _Wks. _ 3. 352.

=1. 1. 61 Whitechappell. = 'Till within memory the district north
of the High Street was one of the very worst localities in London;
a region of narrow and filthy streets, yards and alleys, many of
them wholly occupied by thieves' dens, the receptacles of stolen
property, gin-spinning dog-holes, low brothels, and putrescent
lodging-houses,--a district unwholesome to approach and unsafe for
a decent person to traverse even in the day-time. '--Wh-C.

=1. 1. 61, 2 and so to Saint Kathernes. =
=To drinke with the Dutch there, and take forth their patternes. =
Saint Kathernes was the name of a hospital and precinct without
London. The hospital was said to have been founded by Queen
Matilda, wife of King Stephen. In _The Alchemist_ (_Wks. _ 4.
161), Jonson speaks of its having been used 'to keep the better
sort of mad-folks. ' It was also employed as a reformatory for
fallen women, and it is here that Winifred in _Eastward Ho_ (ed.
Schelling, p. 84) finds an appropriate landing-place.

From this hospital there was 'a continual street, or filthy
strait passage, with alleys of small tenements, or cottages,
built, inhabited by sailors' victuallers, along by the river of
Thames, almost to Radcliff, a good mile from the Tower. '--Stow,
ed. Thoms, p. 157.

The precinct was noted for its brew-houses and low drinking
places. In _The Staple of News_ Jonson speaks of 'an ale-wife in
Saint Katherine's, At the Sign of the Dancing Bears' (_Wks. _ 5.
226). The same tavern is referred to in the _Masque of Augurs_
as well as 'the brew-houses in St. Katherine's. ' The sights of
the place are enumerated in the same masque.

The present passage seems to indicate that the precinct was largely
inhabited by Dutch. In the _Masque of Augurs_ Vangoose speaks a sort
of Dutch jargon, and we know that a Flemish cemetery was located here
(see Wh-C). Cf. also Sir Thomas Overbury's _Character of A drunken
Dutchman resident in England_, ed. Morley, p. 72: 'Let him come over
never so lean, and plant him but one month near the brew-houses of
St. Catherine's and he will be puffed up to your hand like a bloat
herring. ' Dutch weavers had been imported into England as early as
the reign of Edward III. (see Howes, p. 870 a), and in the year 1563
great numbers of Netherlanders with their wives and children fled
into England owing to the civil dissension in Flanders (Howes, p.
868 a). They bore a reputation for hard drinking (cf. _Like will to
Like_, _O. Pl. _ 3. 325; Dekker, _Non-dram. Wks. _ 3. 12; Nash,
_Wks. _ 2. 81, etc. ).

The phrase 'to take forth their patternes' is somewhat obscure, and
seems to have been forced by the necessity for a rhyme. Halliwell
says that 'take forth' is equivalent to 'learn,' and the phrase seems
therefore to mean 'take their measure,' 'size them up,' with a view
to following their example. It is possible, of course, that actual
patterns of the Dutch weavers or tailors are referred to.

=1. 1. 63 Custome-house key. = This was in Tower Street
on the Thames side. Stow (ed. Thoms, pp. 51. 2) says that the
custom-house was built in the sixth year of Richard II. Jonson
mentions the place again in _Every Man in_, _Wks. _ 1. 69.

=1. 1. 66 the Dagger, and the Wool-sacke. = These were two
ordinaries or public houses of low repute, especially famous
for their pies. There were two taverns called the 'Dagger,' one
in Holborn and one in Cheapside. It is probably to the former
of these that Jonson refers. It is mentioned again in the
_Alchemist_ (_Wks. _ 4. 24 and 165) and in Dekker's _Satiromastix_
(_Wks. _ 1. 200). Hotten says that the sign of a dagger was
common, and arose from its being a charge in the city arms.

The Woolsack was without Aldgate. It was originally a
wool-maker's sign. Machyn mentions the tavern in 1555; and it is
alluded to in Dekker, _Shoemaker's Holiday_, _Wks. _ 1. 61. See
Wh-C. and Hotten's _History of Signboards_, pp. 325 and 362.

=1. 1. 69 Belins-gate. = Stow (ed. Thoms, p. 78) describes
Belins-gate as 'a large water-gate, port or harborough. ' He
mentions the tradition that the name was derived from that of
Belin, King of the Britons, but discredits it. Billingsgate is
on the Thames, a little below London Bridge, and is still the
great fish-market of London.

=1. 1. 70 shoot the Bridge. = The waterway under the old
London Bridge was obstructed by the narrowness of the arches,
by cornmills built in some of the openings, and by the great
waterworks at its southern end. 'Of the arches left open some
were too narrow for the passage of boats of any kind. The widest
was only 36 feet, and the resistance caused to so large a body
of water on the rise and fall of the tide by this contraction of
its channel produced a fall or rapid under the bridge, so that
it was necessary to "ship oars" to _shoot the bridge_, as it was
called,--an undertaking, to amateur watermen especially, not
unattended with danger. "With the flood-tide it was impossible,
and with the ebb-tide dangerous to pass through or _shoot_ the
arches of the bridge. " In the latter case prudent passengers
landed above the bridge, generally at the _Old Swan Stairs_, and
walked to some wharf, generally _Billingsgate_, below it. '--Wh-C.

=1. 1. 70 the Cranes i' the Vintry. = These were 'three strong cranes of
timber placed on the Vintry wharf by the Thames to crane up wine there
(Stow, ed. Thoms, p. 00). They were situated in Three Cranes' lane, and
near by was the famous tavern mentioned as one of the author's favorite
resorts (_Bart. Fair_ 1. 1, _Wks. _ 4. 356). Jonson speaks of it again
in _The Silent Woman_, _Wks. _ 3. 376, and in the _Masque of Augurs_.