15, 1779; died at
Upsala, archbishop of that see, June 30, 1839.
Upsala, archbishop of that see, June 30, 1839.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
(Cor-
dula) is a poem admired for its rich metrical
effects. He also wrote (After Nature, a novel
that enjoyed quite a run.
Waldis, Burkard (väl'dis). A German rhym-
ing fabulist; born about 1490; died about 1557.
He was a Franciscan friar, but on returning
from a pilgrimage to Rome, embraced the
doctrines of Luther. He wrote a charming
drama in Low German, (The Parable of the
Prodigal Son); translated the Psalter into Ger-
man verse; and wrote Æsopus,' a collection of
about 400 rhymed fables and drolleries.
Waldmüller, Robert (väld'mėl-ler), pseu-
donym of Charles Édouard Duboc. A Ger-
man poet and miscellaneous writer; born in
Hamburg, Sept. 17, 1822. His best work is lil-
lage Idylls) (1800). Other works are : «Travel
Studies) (1860); (Sorrow and Joy, a romance
(1874); (Brunhild,' a drama (1874).
Waldo, Samuel Putnam. An American
writer and biographer; born in Connecticut in
1780; died in Hartford, Conn. , March 1826.
He wrote: (Narrative of a Tour of Observa-
tion by President Monroe) (1818); (Memoirs of
Andrew Jackson) (1820); Life of Stephen De-
catur) (1821); Biographical Sketches of Nich-
olas Biddle, Paul Jones, Edward Preble, and
Alexander Murray) (1823). He edited (Jour-
nal of the Brig Commerce upon the Western
Coast of Africa. )
Waldstein, Charles. An eminent American
archæologist and writer; born in New York
in 1856, and graduated at Columbia College.
He was for a time director of the Fitzwilliam
Museum at Cambridge, England, which position
he resigned in order to take the directorship of
the American School of Archäology at Athens.
While in this office he was a lecturer on Greek
anthology at Cambridge. He is now a fellow of
King's College, and a doctor and professor at
Cambridge University. He has written :'Exca-
vations at the Heraion of Argos); (The Balance
of Emotion and Intellect); Essays on the Art
of Phidias); (The Work of John Ruskin';
(Study of Art in Universities. '
Waldstein, Louis. An American author,
younger brother of Charles ; born in New York,
185-. He has written a notable book, (The
Subconscious Self (1897).
Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Co-
lonna, Duke de (vä-lev'skē). A French states.
man; born at Walewice in Poland, May 4, 1810;
died at Strasburg, Sept. 27, 1868. He wrote: :(A
Word on the Question of Algiers) (1837); “The
English Alliance (1838); a comedy, (The
School of the World; or, The Coquette Without
Knowing it) (1849).
Walford, Mrs. Lucy Bethia. A British nor.
elist, essayist, and biographer; born in Scotland,
1845. She has contributed to Blackwood's Mag-
azine and other periodicals. She has written :
(Mr. Smith (new ed. 1875); 'Pauline) (last ed.
1885); “Cousins) (new ed. 1885); (Troublesome
Daughters) (new ed. 1885); Dick Netherby)
(new ed. 1885); (Four Biographies) (Jane Tay.
lor, Elizabeth Fry, Hannah More, and Mary
Somerville : 1888); “Her Great Idea, and Other
Stories) (1888); “Baby's Grandmother); etc.
Walker, Alexander Joseph. An Amer-
ican journalist and editor; born in Virginia in
1819; died in 1893. He successively edited
the New Orleans Delta, Times, Jeffersonian,
Herald, and Picayune, and subsequently the
Cincinnati Enquirer. He published Jackson
and New Orleans) (1856); Life of Andrew
Jackson"; "History of the Battle of Shiloh);
(Butler at New Orleans); and (Duelling in
Louisiana.
Walker, Amasa. An American reformer,
merchant, statesman, and political economist;
born at Woodstock, Conn. , May 4, 1799 ; died
at North Brookfield, Mass. , Oct. 29, 1875. He
was one of the editors of the Transactions
of the Agricultural Society of Massachusetts (7
vols. , 1848-54); and published his great work
on political economy, (The Science of Wealth,
in 1866.
Walker, Francis Amasa. An American sol-
dier, educator, and political economist; born
in Boston, July 2, 1840; died there, 1897.
He edited (Census Reports) (3 quarto vols. );
compiled a "Statistical Atlas of the United
States) (1874); and published (The Indian
Question (1874); (The Wages Question' (1876);
Money) (1878); Money, Trade, and Industry)
(1879); (Political Economy) (1883); “Land and
its Rent' (1883); (History of the Second Ammy
Corps) (1886); Life of General Winfield S.
Hancock) (1894); and (The Making of the
Nation (1895). He was president of the In-
stitute of Technology at Boston at the time of
his death.
Walker, George Leon. An American writer
and Congregational clergyman; born in 1830.
He has been pastor of a church in Hartford,
a
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WALKER-WALLACE
557
Conn. , since 1879, and has written : (History of
the First Church in Hartford' (1633–1883);
(Thomas Hooker, Preacher, Founder [of Con-
necticut), Democrat'; Aspects of the Religious
Life of New England. ?
Walker, James. A distinguished American
Unitarian divine and educator; born at Bur.
lington, Mass. , Aug. 16, 1794; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 23, 1874. He was president
of Harvard University, 1853-60; and editor of
the Christian Examiner 1831-39. Besides ser-
mons and addresses, editing the works of Dugald
Stewart, Dr. Thomas Reid, etc. , he published
a Memoir of Josiah Quincy) (1867), and de-
livered lectures on Natural Religion) and
(The Philosophy of Religion. He was famous
as a pulpit orator.
Walker, James Barr. An American clergy-
man, journalist, and author; born in Philadel-
phia, July 29, 1805; died at Wheaton, Ill. , March
6, 1887. Besides editorial work, he has written
the following: (The Philosophy of the Plan
of Salvation (1855), a book which commanded
wide acceptance; (God Revealed in Nature
and in Christ) (1855); Philosophy of Scepti-
cism and Ultraism) (1857); (The Philosophy
of the Divine Operation in the Redemption of
Man) (1862); and (The Living Questions of
the Age) (1869).
Walker, John. 'An English actor, teacher,
lecturer, and dictionary-maker ; born at Colney
Hatch near London, March 18, 1732; died in
London, Aug. I, 1807. His books are a "Rhym-
ing Dictionary) (1775); ( Elements of Elocution)
(1781); (Rhetorical Grammar) (1785); and a
(Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor
of the English Language) (1791), which was
long the standard work of its class, running
through forty editions.
Walker, Mrs. Katharine Kent (Child). An
American story-writer and translator; born in
Pittsfield, Vt. , about 1840. She wrote a famous
article for the Atlantic Monthly on (The Total
Depravity of Inanimate Things) (Sept. , 1864);
and has published a version of Bunyan en-
titled Pilgrim's Progress for Children (1869);
(From the Crib to the Cross) (1869); and a
(Life of Christ) (1869).
Walker, William. An American adventurer;
born in Nashville, Tenn. , May 8, 1824; shot at
Trujillo, Honduras, Sept. 12, 1860. He studied
law in Nashville, and medicine in Germany. In
1850 he was an editor in California, and in 1853
organized an expedition against Sonora, Mexico,
but was defeated. He landed in Nicaragua in
1855 with 62 followers, captured the city of
Granada, and established a government; but
was driven from power and surrendered to the
U. S. government in May, 1857. In June 1860
he invaded Honduras, was captured, tried by
court-martial, and shot. He published (The
War in Nicaragua) (1860).
Walker, William Sidney. A British poet ;
born at Pembroke, Wales, Dec. 4, 1795; died in
London, Oct. 15, 1846. He was a fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge (1822-29), becom-
ing blind during that time. Besides translating
a Corpus Poetarum Latinorum) (Collection of
Latin Poets : new ed. 1854), he wrote (Gustavus
Vasa! (1813), an epic poem; (Shakspeare's
Versification (3d ed. 1859); (Critical Examina-
tion of the Text of Shakspeare) (3 vols. , 1859).
(Poetical Remains, with a memoir, appeared
in 1852.
Walker, Williston. An American clergy-
man and historical writer, son of George L. ;
born in Maine, 1860. He has been professor
of history in Hartford Theological Seminary
since 1880. His works include : (The Creeds
and Platforms of Congregationalism'; On
the Increase of Royal Power under Philip
Augustus); History of the Congregational
Church in the United States.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. A celebrated Eng-
lish naturalist; born at Usk in Monmouthshire,
Jan. 8, 1822. He traveled in Brazil, exploring
the Amazon and its tributaries ( 1848-52 ), and
on his return to England published “Travels
on the Amazon and Rio Negro) (1853). He
then visited the Malay archipelago, where he
spent nearly eight years. One of the fruits of
his researches there was the paper (On the
Tendencies of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely
from the Original Type,' which was published
almost simultaneously with Darwin's first an-
nouncement of his theory of natural selection.
(The Malay Archipelago,' 2 vols. , was pub-
lished 1869. He wrote also (On the Geograph-
ical Distribution of Animals) (2 vols. , 1876);
(Tropical Nature) (1878); Darwinism : An
Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection)
(1889). He is author also of Miracles and
Modern Spiritualism) (1875); (Land National-
ization: Its Necessity and Aims) (1882). *
Wallace, Horace Binney. An American
author and law editor; born in Philadelphia,
Feb. 26, 1817; died in Paris, Dec. 16, 1852. In
addition to contributing to literary periodicals,
he published anonymously a novel, “Stanley;
or, The Recollections of a Man of the World)
(1838); and edited, in conjunction with Judge
Hare, (American Leading Cases in Law) (2
vols. , 1847; 3d ed. 1852); Smith's Leading
Cases) (4th American ed. 2 vols. , 1852); and
White and Tudor's Leading Cases in Equity
(2d American ed. 3 vols. , 1852), all copiously
annotated. He helped Rufus W. Griswold in
his Napoleon and the Marshals of the Em-
pire) (2 vols. , 1847). Art and Scenery in
Europe, with Other Papers) (1855), and "Lit-
erary Criticisms, and Other Papers) (1856), are
posthumous publications.
Wallace, Lewis. An American general, law-
yer, and novelist; born at Brookville, Ind. ,
April 10, 1827. He served in the Mexican War
as lieutenant, and in the Civil War attained
the rank of major-general. He was Minister
to Turkey 1881-85. His works include: (The
Fair God) (1873); (Ben-Hur) (1880); (The
Life of Gen. Benjamin Harrison (1888);
(Commodus: A Tragedy' (1889); (The Boy.
## p. 558 (#574) ############################################
WALLACE – WALSH
558
)
hood of Christ) (1889); (The Prince of India
(1893). *
Wallace, Mrs. (Susan Arnold Elston). An
American descriptive and story writer, wife of
General Lewis Wallace; born at Crawfords-
ville, Ind. , 1830. Besides contributing to peri-
odicals and reviews, she has published: (The
Storied Sea) (1883); (Ginevra) (1886); (The
Land of the Pueblos) (1888); “The Repose in
Egypt (1888); etc.
Wallace, William Ross. An American law-
yer and poet; born in Kentucky, 1819; died in
1881. He has written: Perdita”; Alban);
(Meditations in America, and Other Poems. )
(The Liberty Bell) is his best-known poem.
Wallack, Lester (John). An American ac-
tor and manager, son of James William Wal-
lack, the actor and manager; born in New
York, Jan. 1, 1820; died in Stamford, Conn. ,
Sept. 6, 1888. He conducted Wallack's Theatre,
New York city, for twenty-four years. He was
identiñed with the American stage for more
than forty years; and on his retirement in May
1888, was the recipient of an unequaled dra-
matic testimonial. He wrote the plays (The
Veteran) and (Rosedale. His autobiography,
(Memoirs of Fifty Years,' was published the
year after his death.
Wallath, Wilhelm ( väl'lät ). A German
story-writer; born at Darmstadt, Oct. 6, 1856.
He wrote: (The King's Treasure House) (3
vols. , 1883); (Paris the Mime) (1886); “The
Gladiator) (1888); (Tiberius) (2 vols. , 1889);
(The Demon of Envy) (1889), «There Came
a Hoar Frost) (1893), Love's Fools' (1894),
three stories of modern life; and some dramas,
as (Countess Pusterla, John of Suabia,
(Marino Falieri, (The Sacrifice.
Waller, Edmund. An English poet and par-
liamentarian; born at Coleshill, March 3, 1605;
died at Beaconsfield, Oct. 21, 1687. He pub-
lished a volume of poems in 1645, and again
in 1664, which ran through many editions.
Of the 25 or more editions of his poems, those
of the greatest value are the one of 1711, ed-
ited by Bishop Atterbury, with two portraits
of the poet; and the one of 1729, with a life
by Fenton and a portrait by Vertue. The
eighteenth century considered him the first cor-
rect versifier, using the heroic couplet with
masterful smoothness. *
Waller, John Francis. An Irish poet and
man of letters, descendant of Edmund Waller;
born at Limerick in 1810; died Jan. 9, 1894.
He graduated from Trinity College. He wrote
for the Dublin University Magazine (The
Slingsby Papers,' over the signature of "Jon-
athan Freke Slingsby. ” These were collected
in a volume in 1852 ; his Poems) were pub-
lished in 1854; he was at his best as a lyric
poet. He edited the works of Goldsmith,
Moore, etc. , together with the Imperial Dic-
tionary of Universal Biography. '
Wallich, Nathanael (val'lik). A Danish
botanist; born at Copenhagen, Jan. 28, 1787;
died at London, April 28, 1854. From 1815
till 1847 he was director of the botanic garden
at Calcutta. He wrote: An Essay on the
Flora of Nepal (1824-26); (Rare Asiatic
Plants) (3 vols. , 1830-32).
Wallin, Johan Olof (väl-len'). A Swedish
poet; born in Dalarna, Oct.
15, 1779; died at
Upsala, archbishop of that see, June 30, 1839.
His hymns and religious songs are in high re-
pute in Sweden, and he was called “Sweden's
Harp of David. ” His finest production is (The
Angel of Death. He was a notable pulpit
orator.
Wallon, Alexandre Henri (vä-lôn'). A
French historical writer; born at Valenciennes,
Dec. 23, 1812. His principal writings are con-
cerned with the life of Christ, and the writings
of the apostles and evangelists. He wrote
(The Life of Jesus and its New Historian
(1864); (Memoirs on the Years of Jesus Christ);
and other works designed to counteract the
effects of Renan's writings. He is author also
of Political Geography of Modern Times)
(1839); (Slavery in Ancient Times) (3 vols. ,
1847); Joan of Arc) (2 vols. , 1860); (Richard
II. (2 vols. , 1864); (The Reign of Terror) (2
vols. , 1873); (St. Louis and his Times) (2 vols. ,
1875); History of the Paris Revolutionary
Tribunal, with the Journal of the Actors) 16
vols. , 1880-82).
Waln, Robert (wâl ). An American and satir.
ical writer; born in 1794; died in 1825. He
wrote (The Hermit in America' (1819); 'Amer-
ican Bards: A Satire); (Sisyphi Opus,' etc. ;
"Life of Lafayette (1824).
Walpole, Horace, later Earl of Orford. An
English author, letter-writer, and dilettante;
born in London, Oct. 5, 1717; died there,
March 2, 1797. On an estate he bought near
Twickenham, in a mansion he built, he es-
tablished a library and museum, and set up
a private press ( 1757 ), on which, with others,
he printed his own works. He compiled (A
Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of
England (1758 ); (Anecdotes of Painters in
England (1761-71 ); (Historic Doubts on the
Life and Reign of Richard III. ) (1768); and
other works. He wrote :( The Castle of Otranto,
a romance ( 1764); (The Mysterious Mother,' a
tragedy (1768 ); Memoirs of the Last Ten
Years of the Reign of George II. (1822); and
other works. His many interesting letters are
his chief title to literary fame. They were
published in 9 vols. , 1857-59. *
Walpole, Spencer. An English historian ;
born Feb. 6, 1839. He has held several gov-
ernment positions, and has also devoted him-
self to history. Among his books are : his great-
est work, CA History of England from the
Conclusion of the Great War in 1815) ( 1878–
86 ); (The Electorate and the Legislature
(1881); Life of Lord John Russell (1889);
and (The Land of Home Rule) (1893).
Walsh, Robert. An American lawyer, jour.
nalist, and author; born at Baltimore, Md. , in
## p. 559 (#575) ############################################
WALSH - WANG-CHI-FOU
559
1784; died Feb. 7, 1859, at Paris, where he had
been consul, 1845-51. He wrote for Dennie's
Portfolio, and edited the American Review of
History and Politics, the first American quar-
terly (22 vols. , 1827-37); most of the articles
were from his pen. Others of his publications
are : Correspondence respecting Russia be-
tween R. G. Harper and Robert Walsh, Jr. '
(1813); (An Essay on the Future State of Eu-
rope (1813); biographical prefaces to an edi.
tion of the English Poets in fifty small volumes;
(An Appeal from the Judgments of Great
Britain respecting the United States of Amer-
ica) (1819). He conducted the American
Register (1817–18), the National Gazette ( 1821-
37), and the Museum of Foreign Literature and
Science (Vol. i. , 1822); and edited Didactics :
Social, Literary, and Political, a collection of
aphorisms (2 vols. , 1836).
Walsh, William Shepard. An American
journalist and editor; born in Paris, Feb. 1,
1854. He was connected with J. B. Lippin-
cott & Co. from 1876, and in 1886 became edi-
tor of Lippincott's Magazine. He has written
many essays, also juveniles, and historical and
scientific books for the young; and has pub-
lished a critical commentary, Faust: The
Legend and the Poem (1887), and “Paradoxes
of a Philistine) (1888).
Walter, Ferdinand (väl'ter). A German
jurist; born at Wetzlar, Nov. 30, 1794; died at
Bonn, Dec. 13, 1879. His principal works are :
(Text-Book of Canon Law) (1822); (Ancient
German Law) (3 vols. , 1824); History of
Roman Law down to Justinian) (1840); (His-
tory of German Law) (1853); (Sources of An-
cient and Modern Ecclesiastical Law) (1862);
Natural Law and Politics in the Light of the
Present) (1863).
Walters, William Thompson. An American
merchant and art virtuoso; born in Pennsyl-
vania, 1820; died 1891. He was educated as an
engineer; became identified with the coal and
iron industry; was art commissioner from the
United States at the Paris Expositions (1867-
78), at Vienna (1873), and trustee of the Cor-
coran Gallery at Washington, D. C. His private
art gallery is the most extensive and valuable
(especially in Oriental ceramics) in this country.
He has published: (Barye) (1885); (The Per-
cheron Horse) (1886); and Notes upon Certain
Masters of the XIXth Century) (1886).
Walther von der Vogelweide (väl'ter fon
der fö'gel-vi-dė). «The greatest lyric poet of
Germany before Goethe, and the first supremely
great lyric poet that the nations of modern
Europe produced, flourished in the early part
of the thirteenth century. The best critical edi-
tion of his poems is K. Lachmann's (1827). *
Walton, Brian. An English bishop and
biblical scholar; born at Seymour, Yorkshire,
1600; died in London, Nov. 29, 1661. He was
made chaplain to Charles II. and bishop of
Chester at the Restoration. His greatest work
is “Biblia Sacra Polyglotta) (6 vols. , folio 1657),
including the Hebrew original of the Old
Testament, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the
Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, Persian, and Latin
Vulgate, with various readings, notes, etc. ; still
thought to be “the most complete Biblical
apparatus in any language. ) He wrote in 1658
his Dissertation on the Antiquity and Author-
ity of his Texts,' in later editions called the
Prolegomena, under which name it was pub-
lished in the original Latin (2 vols. , 1827-28).
(The Considerator Considered, etc. (1659), was
written in answer to Dr. John Owen's (Vindi-
cation of the Purity and Integrity of the Hebrew
and Greek Texts,' etc. which was a criticism
upon his great Biblical work.
Walton, Izaak. The celebrated author of
(The Compleat Angler'; born at Stafford, Eng.
land, Aug. 9, 1593;. died at Winchester, Dec.
15, 1683. He wrote the following biographies,
known as (Walton's Lives): of Dr. John Donne
( 1640 ), Sir Henry Wotton ( 1640 ), Richard
Hooker (1662), George Herbert (1670), and
Dr. Robert Sanderson (1678). (The Compleat
Angler; or, The Contemplative Man's Recre.
ation) (1653) is one of the great English clas-
sics. *
Walworth, Clarence Alphonsus. An Amer-
ican clergyman; born in Plattsburg, N. Y. , May
30, 1820. At first a lawyer, afterwards an Epis-
copalian clergyman, he united with the Roman
Catholic Church, and was one of the founders
of the Congregation of St. Paul; since 1864
rector of St. Mary's Church, Albany, N. Y.
He has written : ( The Gentle Sceptic) (1860);
(The Doctrine of Hell (1874); (Andiatorocté,
and Other Poems) (1888).
Walworth, Jeannette Ritchie Hadermann.
An American novelist; born in Philadelphia,
Feb. 22, 1837. She has written for periodicals,
and published a number of works, among them:
“The Silent Witness) (1871); Nobody's Busi-
ness) (1878); (The Bar Sinister) (1885); (South-
ern Silhouettes) (1888).
Walworth, Mansfield Tracy. An American
novelist, son of Chancellor Walworth; born in
Albany, N. Y. , Dec. 3, 1837 ; died in New York
city, June 3, 1873. Abandoning the law for lit-
erature, he became connected with The Home
Journal, and subsequently wrote many novels
and romances. He was shot by his son, who
was acquitted on the ground of insanity. He
wrote: Mission of Death); (Lulu) (1860);
(Hotspur) (1861); (Warwick) (1868); (Beverly)
(1873); and two posthumous works, (Married
in Mask) (1888) and (Tahara) (1888). He
had completed a Life of Chancellor Living-
ston); and was writing (Lives of the Chancel.
lors of New York State. )
Wang-Chi-Fou. (wäng-che-fö'). One of the
greatest Chinese dramatic poets; lived in the
13th century. He was the creator of the Chi.
nese opera (called Thsa-Khi, lyrical dramas),
and is placed by his countrymen among the
ten Thsai-tseu, or writers of genius. He com-
posed thirteen plays, of which only two sur.
vive : (Si-siang-ki) (Western Pavilion) like all
## p. 560 (#576) ############################################
560
WANGEMANN - WARD
(
Chinese plays a sort of novel in dialogue,- his
best work, which obtained and still holds
great popularity with the Chinese; and the
comedy (The State Minister's Feast. The
former was partly translated into French by
Stanislas Julien in Europe Littéraire) (Literary
Europe).
Wangemann, Hermann Theodor (väng'e-
män). A German traveler; born at Wilsnack
in Brandenburg, March 27, 1818; died there,
June 18, 1894. He was for several years a
director of Lutheran missions. He wrote:
(Short History of Evangelical Hymnology)
(1855); (A Year's Travel in South Africa) (1809);
(Pictures of Life in South Africa' (1871); (South
Africa and its Inhabitants) (1881); History of
the Berlin Missionary Society in South Africa)
(1886); (W. Posselt, the Kaffir Missionary)
(1888); (The Present Lutheran Church in its
Relation to the Una Sancta' (7 vols. , 1883-84);
(The Church Politics of William III. (1884).
Wangemann, Otto. A German musician;
born at Loitz on the Peene, Jan. 9, 1848. Author
of (Sketch of the History of Music) (1882);
(History of the Organ' (3d ed. 1891); History
of the Oratorio) (1882); «The Organ and its
Construction (3d ed. 1895); (Choral Songs for
Gymnasiums) (3d ed. 1892).
Wappæus, Johann Eduard (väp-pā-ös'). A
German geographer and statistician; born at
Hamburg, May 17, 1812; died at Göttingen,
professor in the university there, Dec. 16, 1879.
He edited and largely wrote the Stein-Hörschel-
mann Manual of Geography and Statistics)
(10 vols. , 1871). He also wrote : (Researches
on the Geographical Discoveries of the Portu-
guese under Henry the Navigator) (1842); (The
Republics of South America) (1843); (German
Emigration and Colonization' (1846).
Warburton, Eliot Bartholomew George.
An Irish barrister and author; born at Aughrim,
County Galway, 1810; lost in the burning of
the steamer Amazon, off Land's End, Jan. 4,
1852. His works are : (The Crescent and the
Cross; or, Romance and Reality of Eastern
Travel (2 vols. , 1844); (Memoirs of Prince
Rupert and the Cavaliers) (3 vols. , 1849); (Regi-
nald Hastings) (3 vols. , 1850), a novel of the
great rebellion; (Memoirs of Horace Walpole
and his Contemporaries) (2 vols. , 1851); Da-
rien; or, The Merchant Prince: An Historical
Romance) (3 vols. , 1851); and (A Memoir of
Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough) (3
vols. , 1853).
Warburton, Peter Egerton. An Australian
explorer ; born at Norwich, England, Aug. 15,
1813; died near Adelaide, Nov. 5, 1889. He
wrote: (Major Warburton's Diary) (1866);
Journey Across the Western Interior of Aus-
tralia) (1875).
Warburton, William. An English author:
born at Newark-upon-Trent, Dec. 24, 1698; died
June 7, 1779. He became bishop of Gloucester.
His defense of Pope's Essay on Man) against
the charge of atheism won the gratitude of the
poet, who made the bishop his literary executor.
Warburton thereupon brought out an edition of
Pope (1751). He published: (Miscellaneous
Translations in Prose and Verse) (1723); An
Inquiry into the Causes of Prodigies and Mira.
cles) (1727); (Alliance between Church and
State) (1736); Divine Legation of Moses Dem-
onstrated, on the Principles of a Religious Deist,
from the Omission of the Doctrine of the Future
State of Reward and Punishment in the Jewish
Dispensation' (1738-41; 10th ed. 3 vols. , 1846);
an edition of Shakespeare (very poor, 1747);
Julian; or, A Discourse Concerning the Earth-
quake and Fiery Eruption which Defeated the
Emperor's Attempt to Rebuild the Temple at
Jerusalem (1750); 'View of Bolingbroke's Post-
humous Writings) (1754); and (The Doctrine
of Grace) (1762).
Ward, Adolphus William. An English edu-
cator, literary historian, and biographer; born
at Hampstead, London, Dec. 2, 1837. In addi-
tion to being professor of history and princi.
pal of Owens College, Manchester, and con-
tributing to the Encyclopædia Britannica)
and leading English reviews, he is the author
of The House of Austria in the Thirty Years'
War! (1869); Dramatic Literature of the
Age of Elizabeth) (2 vols. , 1875); Lives) of
Chaucer (1879) and Dickens (1882) in the
(English Men of Letters) series; translator of
Curtius's (History of Greece (5 vols. , 1868-74);
and editor of Pope's Poems) (Globe edition,
1869), and of Byron's Poems) (Chetham So-
ciety's edition).
Ward, Artemus. See Browne, Charles Far-
rar.
Ward, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. An Amer-
ican novelist and poet; born at Andover,
Mass. , August 1844. In 1888 she married
Herbert D. Ward, with whom she sometimes
collaborates. Among her books are: "The
Gates Ajar) ( 1868 ), one of the most successful
of American stories; Men, Women, and
Ghosts) (1869); “The Silent Partner? ( 1870 ) ;
(The Trotty Book) (1870 ); (The Story of
Avis) ( 1877 ) ; (Old Maid's Paradise (1879);
(Beyond the Gates) (1883); Dr. Zay' (1884);
(The Gates Between (1887); (The Master of
the Magicians) (1890); and (Come Forth)
( 1890'). Jointly with her husband she wrote:
(Poetic Studies,' verse (1885); “Songs of the
Silent World) ( 1885); and (The Struggle for
Immortality) (1889), a volume of essays.
dula) is a poem admired for its rich metrical
effects. He also wrote (After Nature, a novel
that enjoyed quite a run.
Waldis, Burkard (väl'dis). A German rhym-
ing fabulist; born about 1490; died about 1557.
He was a Franciscan friar, but on returning
from a pilgrimage to Rome, embraced the
doctrines of Luther. He wrote a charming
drama in Low German, (The Parable of the
Prodigal Son); translated the Psalter into Ger-
man verse; and wrote Æsopus,' a collection of
about 400 rhymed fables and drolleries.
Waldmüller, Robert (väld'mėl-ler), pseu-
donym of Charles Édouard Duboc. A Ger-
man poet and miscellaneous writer; born in
Hamburg, Sept. 17, 1822. His best work is lil-
lage Idylls) (1800). Other works are : «Travel
Studies) (1860); (Sorrow and Joy, a romance
(1874); (Brunhild,' a drama (1874).
Waldo, Samuel Putnam. An American
writer and biographer; born in Connecticut in
1780; died in Hartford, Conn. , March 1826.
He wrote: (Narrative of a Tour of Observa-
tion by President Monroe) (1818); (Memoirs of
Andrew Jackson) (1820); Life of Stephen De-
catur) (1821); Biographical Sketches of Nich-
olas Biddle, Paul Jones, Edward Preble, and
Alexander Murray) (1823). He edited (Jour-
nal of the Brig Commerce upon the Western
Coast of Africa. )
Waldstein, Charles. An eminent American
archæologist and writer; born in New York
in 1856, and graduated at Columbia College.
He was for a time director of the Fitzwilliam
Museum at Cambridge, England, which position
he resigned in order to take the directorship of
the American School of Archäology at Athens.
While in this office he was a lecturer on Greek
anthology at Cambridge. He is now a fellow of
King's College, and a doctor and professor at
Cambridge University. He has written :'Exca-
vations at the Heraion of Argos); (The Balance
of Emotion and Intellect); Essays on the Art
of Phidias); (The Work of John Ruskin';
(Study of Art in Universities. '
Waldstein, Louis. An American author,
younger brother of Charles ; born in New York,
185-. He has written a notable book, (The
Subconscious Self (1897).
Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph Co-
lonna, Duke de (vä-lev'skē). A French states.
man; born at Walewice in Poland, May 4, 1810;
died at Strasburg, Sept. 27, 1868. He wrote: :(A
Word on the Question of Algiers) (1837); “The
English Alliance (1838); a comedy, (The
School of the World; or, The Coquette Without
Knowing it) (1849).
Walford, Mrs. Lucy Bethia. A British nor.
elist, essayist, and biographer; born in Scotland,
1845. She has contributed to Blackwood's Mag-
azine and other periodicals. She has written :
(Mr. Smith (new ed. 1875); 'Pauline) (last ed.
1885); “Cousins) (new ed. 1885); (Troublesome
Daughters) (new ed. 1885); Dick Netherby)
(new ed. 1885); (Four Biographies) (Jane Tay.
lor, Elizabeth Fry, Hannah More, and Mary
Somerville : 1888); “Her Great Idea, and Other
Stories) (1888); “Baby's Grandmother); etc.
Walker, Alexander Joseph. An Amer-
ican journalist and editor; born in Virginia in
1819; died in 1893. He successively edited
the New Orleans Delta, Times, Jeffersonian,
Herald, and Picayune, and subsequently the
Cincinnati Enquirer. He published Jackson
and New Orleans) (1856); Life of Andrew
Jackson"; "History of the Battle of Shiloh);
(Butler at New Orleans); and (Duelling in
Louisiana.
Walker, Amasa. An American reformer,
merchant, statesman, and political economist;
born at Woodstock, Conn. , May 4, 1799 ; died
at North Brookfield, Mass. , Oct. 29, 1875. He
was one of the editors of the Transactions
of the Agricultural Society of Massachusetts (7
vols. , 1848-54); and published his great work
on political economy, (The Science of Wealth,
in 1866.
Walker, Francis Amasa. An American sol-
dier, educator, and political economist; born
in Boston, July 2, 1840; died there, 1897.
He edited (Census Reports) (3 quarto vols. );
compiled a "Statistical Atlas of the United
States) (1874); and published (The Indian
Question (1874); (The Wages Question' (1876);
Money) (1878); Money, Trade, and Industry)
(1879); (Political Economy) (1883); “Land and
its Rent' (1883); (History of the Second Ammy
Corps) (1886); Life of General Winfield S.
Hancock) (1894); and (The Making of the
Nation (1895). He was president of the In-
stitute of Technology at Boston at the time of
his death.
Walker, George Leon. An American writer
and Congregational clergyman; born in 1830.
He has been pastor of a church in Hartford,
a
## p. 557 (#573) ############################################
WALKER-WALLACE
557
Conn. , since 1879, and has written : (History of
the First Church in Hartford' (1633–1883);
(Thomas Hooker, Preacher, Founder [of Con-
necticut), Democrat'; Aspects of the Religious
Life of New England. ?
Walker, James. A distinguished American
Unitarian divine and educator; born at Bur.
lington, Mass. , Aug. 16, 1794; died at Cam-
bridge, Mass. , Dec. 23, 1874. He was president
of Harvard University, 1853-60; and editor of
the Christian Examiner 1831-39. Besides ser-
mons and addresses, editing the works of Dugald
Stewart, Dr. Thomas Reid, etc. , he published
a Memoir of Josiah Quincy) (1867), and de-
livered lectures on Natural Religion) and
(The Philosophy of Religion. He was famous
as a pulpit orator.
Walker, James Barr. An American clergy-
man, journalist, and author; born in Philadel-
phia, July 29, 1805; died at Wheaton, Ill. , March
6, 1887. Besides editorial work, he has written
the following: (The Philosophy of the Plan
of Salvation (1855), a book which commanded
wide acceptance; (God Revealed in Nature
and in Christ) (1855); Philosophy of Scepti-
cism and Ultraism) (1857); (The Philosophy
of the Divine Operation in the Redemption of
Man) (1862); and (The Living Questions of
the Age) (1869).
Walker, John. 'An English actor, teacher,
lecturer, and dictionary-maker ; born at Colney
Hatch near London, March 18, 1732; died in
London, Aug. I, 1807. His books are a "Rhym-
ing Dictionary) (1775); ( Elements of Elocution)
(1781); (Rhetorical Grammar) (1785); and a
(Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Expositor
of the English Language) (1791), which was
long the standard work of its class, running
through forty editions.
Walker, Mrs. Katharine Kent (Child). An
American story-writer and translator; born in
Pittsfield, Vt. , about 1840. She wrote a famous
article for the Atlantic Monthly on (The Total
Depravity of Inanimate Things) (Sept. , 1864);
and has published a version of Bunyan en-
titled Pilgrim's Progress for Children (1869);
(From the Crib to the Cross) (1869); and a
(Life of Christ) (1869).
Walker, William. An American adventurer;
born in Nashville, Tenn. , May 8, 1824; shot at
Trujillo, Honduras, Sept. 12, 1860. He studied
law in Nashville, and medicine in Germany. In
1850 he was an editor in California, and in 1853
organized an expedition against Sonora, Mexico,
but was defeated. He landed in Nicaragua in
1855 with 62 followers, captured the city of
Granada, and established a government; but
was driven from power and surrendered to the
U. S. government in May, 1857. In June 1860
he invaded Honduras, was captured, tried by
court-martial, and shot. He published (The
War in Nicaragua) (1860).
Walker, William Sidney. A British poet ;
born at Pembroke, Wales, Dec. 4, 1795; died in
London, Oct. 15, 1846. He was a fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge (1822-29), becom-
ing blind during that time. Besides translating
a Corpus Poetarum Latinorum) (Collection of
Latin Poets : new ed. 1854), he wrote (Gustavus
Vasa! (1813), an epic poem; (Shakspeare's
Versification (3d ed. 1859); (Critical Examina-
tion of the Text of Shakspeare) (3 vols. , 1859).
(Poetical Remains, with a memoir, appeared
in 1852.
Walker, Williston. An American clergy-
man and historical writer, son of George L. ;
born in Maine, 1860. He has been professor
of history in Hartford Theological Seminary
since 1880. His works include : (The Creeds
and Platforms of Congregationalism'; On
the Increase of Royal Power under Philip
Augustus); History of the Congregational
Church in the United States.
Wallace, Alfred Russel. A celebrated Eng-
lish naturalist; born at Usk in Monmouthshire,
Jan. 8, 1822. He traveled in Brazil, exploring
the Amazon and its tributaries ( 1848-52 ), and
on his return to England published “Travels
on the Amazon and Rio Negro) (1853). He
then visited the Malay archipelago, where he
spent nearly eight years. One of the fruits of
his researches there was the paper (On the
Tendencies of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely
from the Original Type,' which was published
almost simultaneously with Darwin's first an-
nouncement of his theory of natural selection.
(The Malay Archipelago,' 2 vols. , was pub-
lished 1869. He wrote also (On the Geograph-
ical Distribution of Animals) (2 vols. , 1876);
(Tropical Nature) (1878); Darwinism : An
Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection)
(1889). He is author also of Miracles and
Modern Spiritualism) (1875); (Land National-
ization: Its Necessity and Aims) (1882). *
Wallace, Horace Binney. An American
author and law editor; born in Philadelphia,
Feb. 26, 1817; died in Paris, Dec. 16, 1852. In
addition to contributing to literary periodicals,
he published anonymously a novel, “Stanley;
or, The Recollections of a Man of the World)
(1838); and edited, in conjunction with Judge
Hare, (American Leading Cases in Law) (2
vols. , 1847; 3d ed. 1852); Smith's Leading
Cases) (4th American ed. 2 vols. , 1852); and
White and Tudor's Leading Cases in Equity
(2d American ed. 3 vols. , 1852), all copiously
annotated. He helped Rufus W. Griswold in
his Napoleon and the Marshals of the Em-
pire) (2 vols. , 1847). Art and Scenery in
Europe, with Other Papers) (1855), and "Lit-
erary Criticisms, and Other Papers) (1856), are
posthumous publications.
Wallace, Lewis. An American general, law-
yer, and novelist; born at Brookville, Ind. ,
April 10, 1827. He served in the Mexican War
as lieutenant, and in the Civil War attained
the rank of major-general. He was Minister
to Turkey 1881-85. His works include: (The
Fair God) (1873); (Ben-Hur) (1880); (The
Life of Gen. Benjamin Harrison (1888);
(Commodus: A Tragedy' (1889); (The Boy.
## p. 558 (#574) ############################################
WALLACE – WALSH
558
)
hood of Christ) (1889); (The Prince of India
(1893). *
Wallace, Mrs. (Susan Arnold Elston). An
American descriptive and story writer, wife of
General Lewis Wallace; born at Crawfords-
ville, Ind. , 1830. Besides contributing to peri-
odicals and reviews, she has published: (The
Storied Sea) (1883); (Ginevra) (1886); (The
Land of the Pueblos) (1888); “The Repose in
Egypt (1888); etc.
Wallace, William Ross. An American law-
yer and poet; born in Kentucky, 1819; died in
1881. He has written: Perdita”; Alban);
(Meditations in America, and Other Poems. )
(The Liberty Bell) is his best-known poem.
Wallack, Lester (John). An American ac-
tor and manager, son of James William Wal-
lack, the actor and manager; born in New
York, Jan. 1, 1820; died in Stamford, Conn. ,
Sept. 6, 1888. He conducted Wallack's Theatre,
New York city, for twenty-four years. He was
identiñed with the American stage for more
than forty years; and on his retirement in May
1888, was the recipient of an unequaled dra-
matic testimonial. He wrote the plays (The
Veteran) and (Rosedale. His autobiography,
(Memoirs of Fifty Years,' was published the
year after his death.
Wallath, Wilhelm ( väl'lät ). A German
story-writer; born at Darmstadt, Oct. 6, 1856.
He wrote: (The King's Treasure House) (3
vols. , 1883); (Paris the Mime) (1886); “The
Gladiator) (1888); (Tiberius) (2 vols. , 1889);
(The Demon of Envy) (1889), «There Came
a Hoar Frost) (1893), Love's Fools' (1894),
three stories of modern life; and some dramas,
as (Countess Pusterla, John of Suabia,
(Marino Falieri, (The Sacrifice.
Waller, Edmund. An English poet and par-
liamentarian; born at Coleshill, March 3, 1605;
died at Beaconsfield, Oct. 21, 1687. He pub-
lished a volume of poems in 1645, and again
in 1664, which ran through many editions.
Of the 25 or more editions of his poems, those
of the greatest value are the one of 1711, ed-
ited by Bishop Atterbury, with two portraits
of the poet; and the one of 1729, with a life
by Fenton and a portrait by Vertue. The
eighteenth century considered him the first cor-
rect versifier, using the heroic couplet with
masterful smoothness. *
Waller, John Francis. An Irish poet and
man of letters, descendant of Edmund Waller;
born at Limerick in 1810; died Jan. 9, 1894.
He graduated from Trinity College. He wrote
for the Dublin University Magazine (The
Slingsby Papers,' over the signature of "Jon-
athan Freke Slingsby. ” These were collected
in a volume in 1852 ; his Poems) were pub-
lished in 1854; he was at his best as a lyric
poet. He edited the works of Goldsmith,
Moore, etc. , together with the Imperial Dic-
tionary of Universal Biography. '
Wallich, Nathanael (val'lik). A Danish
botanist; born at Copenhagen, Jan. 28, 1787;
died at London, April 28, 1854. From 1815
till 1847 he was director of the botanic garden
at Calcutta. He wrote: An Essay on the
Flora of Nepal (1824-26); (Rare Asiatic
Plants) (3 vols. , 1830-32).
Wallin, Johan Olof (väl-len'). A Swedish
poet; born in Dalarna, Oct.
15, 1779; died at
Upsala, archbishop of that see, June 30, 1839.
His hymns and religious songs are in high re-
pute in Sweden, and he was called “Sweden's
Harp of David. ” His finest production is (The
Angel of Death. He was a notable pulpit
orator.
Wallon, Alexandre Henri (vä-lôn'). A
French historical writer; born at Valenciennes,
Dec. 23, 1812. His principal writings are con-
cerned with the life of Christ, and the writings
of the apostles and evangelists. He wrote
(The Life of Jesus and its New Historian
(1864); (Memoirs on the Years of Jesus Christ);
and other works designed to counteract the
effects of Renan's writings. He is author also
of Political Geography of Modern Times)
(1839); (Slavery in Ancient Times) (3 vols. ,
1847); Joan of Arc) (2 vols. , 1860); (Richard
II. (2 vols. , 1864); (The Reign of Terror) (2
vols. , 1873); (St. Louis and his Times) (2 vols. ,
1875); History of the Paris Revolutionary
Tribunal, with the Journal of the Actors) 16
vols. , 1880-82).
Waln, Robert (wâl ). An American and satir.
ical writer; born in 1794; died in 1825. He
wrote (The Hermit in America' (1819); 'Amer-
ican Bards: A Satire); (Sisyphi Opus,' etc. ;
"Life of Lafayette (1824).
Walpole, Horace, later Earl of Orford. An
English author, letter-writer, and dilettante;
born in London, Oct. 5, 1717; died there,
March 2, 1797. On an estate he bought near
Twickenham, in a mansion he built, he es-
tablished a library and museum, and set up
a private press ( 1757 ), on which, with others,
he printed his own works. He compiled (A
Catalogue of the Royal and Noble Authors of
England (1758 ); (Anecdotes of Painters in
England (1761-71 ); (Historic Doubts on the
Life and Reign of Richard III. ) (1768); and
other works. He wrote :( The Castle of Otranto,
a romance ( 1764); (The Mysterious Mother,' a
tragedy (1768 ); Memoirs of the Last Ten
Years of the Reign of George II. (1822); and
other works. His many interesting letters are
his chief title to literary fame. They were
published in 9 vols. , 1857-59. *
Walpole, Spencer. An English historian ;
born Feb. 6, 1839. He has held several gov-
ernment positions, and has also devoted him-
self to history. Among his books are : his great-
est work, CA History of England from the
Conclusion of the Great War in 1815) ( 1878–
86 ); (The Electorate and the Legislature
(1881); Life of Lord John Russell (1889);
and (The Land of Home Rule) (1893).
Walsh, Robert. An American lawyer, jour.
nalist, and author; born at Baltimore, Md. , in
## p. 559 (#575) ############################################
WALSH - WANG-CHI-FOU
559
1784; died Feb. 7, 1859, at Paris, where he had
been consul, 1845-51. He wrote for Dennie's
Portfolio, and edited the American Review of
History and Politics, the first American quar-
terly (22 vols. , 1827-37); most of the articles
were from his pen. Others of his publications
are : Correspondence respecting Russia be-
tween R. G. Harper and Robert Walsh, Jr. '
(1813); (An Essay on the Future State of Eu-
rope (1813); biographical prefaces to an edi.
tion of the English Poets in fifty small volumes;
(An Appeal from the Judgments of Great
Britain respecting the United States of Amer-
ica) (1819). He conducted the American
Register (1817–18), the National Gazette ( 1821-
37), and the Museum of Foreign Literature and
Science (Vol. i. , 1822); and edited Didactics :
Social, Literary, and Political, a collection of
aphorisms (2 vols. , 1836).
Walsh, William Shepard. An American
journalist and editor; born in Paris, Feb. 1,
1854. He was connected with J. B. Lippin-
cott & Co. from 1876, and in 1886 became edi-
tor of Lippincott's Magazine. He has written
many essays, also juveniles, and historical and
scientific books for the young; and has pub-
lished a critical commentary, Faust: The
Legend and the Poem (1887), and “Paradoxes
of a Philistine) (1888).
Walter, Ferdinand (väl'ter). A German
jurist; born at Wetzlar, Nov. 30, 1794; died at
Bonn, Dec. 13, 1879. His principal works are :
(Text-Book of Canon Law) (1822); (Ancient
German Law) (3 vols. , 1824); History of
Roman Law down to Justinian) (1840); (His-
tory of German Law) (1853); (Sources of An-
cient and Modern Ecclesiastical Law) (1862);
Natural Law and Politics in the Light of the
Present) (1863).
Walters, William Thompson. An American
merchant and art virtuoso; born in Pennsyl-
vania, 1820; died 1891. He was educated as an
engineer; became identified with the coal and
iron industry; was art commissioner from the
United States at the Paris Expositions (1867-
78), at Vienna (1873), and trustee of the Cor-
coran Gallery at Washington, D. C. His private
art gallery is the most extensive and valuable
(especially in Oriental ceramics) in this country.
He has published: (Barye) (1885); (The Per-
cheron Horse) (1886); and Notes upon Certain
Masters of the XIXth Century) (1886).
Walther von der Vogelweide (väl'ter fon
der fö'gel-vi-dė). «The greatest lyric poet of
Germany before Goethe, and the first supremely
great lyric poet that the nations of modern
Europe produced, flourished in the early part
of the thirteenth century. The best critical edi-
tion of his poems is K. Lachmann's (1827). *
Walton, Brian. An English bishop and
biblical scholar; born at Seymour, Yorkshire,
1600; died in London, Nov. 29, 1661. He was
made chaplain to Charles II. and bishop of
Chester at the Restoration. His greatest work
is “Biblia Sacra Polyglotta) (6 vols. , folio 1657),
including the Hebrew original of the Old
Testament, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the
Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, Persian, and Latin
Vulgate, with various readings, notes, etc. ; still
thought to be “the most complete Biblical
apparatus in any language. ) He wrote in 1658
his Dissertation on the Antiquity and Author-
ity of his Texts,' in later editions called the
Prolegomena, under which name it was pub-
lished in the original Latin (2 vols. , 1827-28).
(The Considerator Considered, etc. (1659), was
written in answer to Dr. John Owen's (Vindi-
cation of the Purity and Integrity of the Hebrew
and Greek Texts,' etc. which was a criticism
upon his great Biblical work.
Walton, Izaak. The celebrated author of
(The Compleat Angler'; born at Stafford, Eng.
land, Aug. 9, 1593;. died at Winchester, Dec.
15, 1683. He wrote the following biographies,
known as (Walton's Lives): of Dr. John Donne
( 1640 ), Sir Henry Wotton ( 1640 ), Richard
Hooker (1662), George Herbert (1670), and
Dr. Robert Sanderson (1678). (The Compleat
Angler; or, The Contemplative Man's Recre.
ation) (1653) is one of the great English clas-
sics. *
Walworth, Clarence Alphonsus. An Amer-
ican clergyman; born in Plattsburg, N. Y. , May
30, 1820. At first a lawyer, afterwards an Epis-
copalian clergyman, he united with the Roman
Catholic Church, and was one of the founders
of the Congregation of St. Paul; since 1864
rector of St. Mary's Church, Albany, N. Y.
He has written : ( The Gentle Sceptic) (1860);
(The Doctrine of Hell (1874); (Andiatorocté,
and Other Poems) (1888).
Walworth, Jeannette Ritchie Hadermann.
An American novelist; born in Philadelphia,
Feb. 22, 1837. She has written for periodicals,
and published a number of works, among them:
“The Silent Witness) (1871); Nobody's Busi-
ness) (1878); (The Bar Sinister) (1885); (South-
ern Silhouettes) (1888).
Walworth, Mansfield Tracy. An American
novelist, son of Chancellor Walworth; born in
Albany, N. Y. , Dec. 3, 1837 ; died in New York
city, June 3, 1873. Abandoning the law for lit-
erature, he became connected with The Home
Journal, and subsequently wrote many novels
and romances. He was shot by his son, who
was acquitted on the ground of insanity. He
wrote: Mission of Death); (Lulu) (1860);
(Hotspur) (1861); (Warwick) (1868); (Beverly)
(1873); and two posthumous works, (Married
in Mask) (1888) and (Tahara) (1888). He
had completed a Life of Chancellor Living-
ston); and was writing (Lives of the Chancel.
lors of New York State. )
Wang-Chi-Fou. (wäng-che-fö'). One of the
greatest Chinese dramatic poets; lived in the
13th century. He was the creator of the Chi.
nese opera (called Thsa-Khi, lyrical dramas),
and is placed by his countrymen among the
ten Thsai-tseu, or writers of genius. He com-
posed thirteen plays, of which only two sur.
vive : (Si-siang-ki) (Western Pavilion) like all
## p. 560 (#576) ############################################
560
WANGEMANN - WARD
(
Chinese plays a sort of novel in dialogue,- his
best work, which obtained and still holds
great popularity with the Chinese; and the
comedy (The State Minister's Feast. The
former was partly translated into French by
Stanislas Julien in Europe Littéraire) (Literary
Europe).
Wangemann, Hermann Theodor (väng'e-
män). A German traveler; born at Wilsnack
in Brandenburg, March 27, 1818; died there,
June 18, 1894. He was for several years a
director of Lutheran missions. He wrote:
(Short History of Evangelical Hymnology)
(1855); (A Year's Travel in South Africa) (1809);
(Pictures of Life in South Africa' (1871); (South
Africa and its Inhabitants) (1881); History of
the Berlin Missionary Society in South Africa)
(1886); (W. Posselt, the Kaffir Missionary)
(1888); (The Present Lutheran Church in its
Relation to the Una Sancta' (7 vols. , 1883-84);
(The Church Politics of William III. (1884).
Wangemann, Otto. A German musician;
born at Loitz on the Peene, Jan. 9, 1848. Author
of (Sketch of the History of Music) (1882);
(History of the Organ' (3d ed. 1891); History
of the Oratorio) (1882); «The Organ and its
Construction (3d ed. 1895); (Choral Songs for
Gymnasiums) (3d ed. 1892).
Wappæus, Johann Eduard (väp-pā-ös'). A
German geographer and statistician; born at
Hamburg, May 17, 1812; died at Göttingen,
professor in the university there, Dec. 16, 1879.
He edited and largely wrote the Stein-Hörschel-
mann Manual of Geography and Statistics)
(10 vols. , 1871). He also wrote : (Researches
on the Geographical Discoveries of the Portu-
guese under Henry the Navigator) (1842); (The
Republics of South America) (1843); (German
Emigration and Colonization' (1846).
Warburton, Eliot Bartholomew George.
An Irish barrister and author; born at Aughrim,
County Galway, 1810; lost in the burning of
the steamer Amazon, off Land's End, Jan. 4,
1852. His works are : (The Crescent and the
Cross; or, Romance and Reality of Eastern
Travel (2 vols. , 1844); (Memoirs of Prince
Rupert and the Cavaliers) (3 vols. , 1849); (Regi-
nald Hastings) (3 vols. , 1850), a novel of the
great rebellion; (Memoirs of Horace Walpole
and his Contemporaries) (2 vols. , 1851); Da-
rien; or, The Merchant Prince: An Historical
Romance) (3 vols. , 1851); and (A Memoir of
Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough) (3
vols. , 1853).
Warburton, Peter Egerton. An Australian
explorer ; born at Norwich, England, Aug. 15,
1813; died near Adelaide, Nov. 5, 1889. He
wrote: (Major Warburton's Diary) (1866);
Journey Across the Western Interior of Aus-
tralia) (1875).
Warburton, William. An English author:
born at Newark-upon-Trent, Dec. 24, 1698; died
June 7, 1779. He became bishop of Gloucester.
His defense of Pope's Essay on Man) against
the charge of atheism won the gratitude of the
poet, who made the bishop his literary executor.
Warburton thereupon brought out an edition of
Pope (1751). He published: (Miscellaneous
Translations in Prose and Verse) (1723); An
Inquiry into the Causes of Prodigies and Mira.
cles) (1727); (Alliance between Church and
State) (1736); Divine Legation of Moses Dem-
onstrated, on the Principles of a Religious Deist,
from the Omission of the Doctrine of the Future
State of Reward and Punishment in the Jewish
Dispensation' (1738-41; 10th ed. 3 vols. , 1846);
an edition of Shakespeare (very poor, 1747);
Julian; or, A Discourse Concerning the Earth-
quake and Fiery Eruption which Defeated the
Emperor's Attempt to Rebuild the Temple at
Jerusalem (1750); 'View of Bolingbroke's Post-
humous Writings) (1754); and (The Doctrine
of Grace) (1762).
Ward, Adolphus William. An English edu-
cator, literary historian, and biographer; born
at Hampstead, London, Dec. 2, 1837. In addi-
tion to being professor of history and princi.
pal of Owens College, Manchester, and con-
tributing to the Encyclopædia Britannica)
and leading English reviews, he is the author
of The House of Austria in the Thirty Years'
War! (1869); Dramatic Literature of the
Age of Elizabeth) (2 vols. , 1875); Lives) of
Chaucer (1879) and Dickens (1882) in the
(English Men of Letters) series; translator of
Curtius's (History of Greece (5 vols. , 1868-74);
and editor of Pope's Poems) (Globe edition,
1869), and of Byron's Poems) (Chetham So-
ciety's edition).
Ward, Artemus. See Browne, Charles Far-
rar.
Ward, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps. An Amer-
ican novelist and poet; born at Andover,
Mass. , August 1844. In 1888 she married
Herbert D. Ward, with whom she sometimes
collaborates. Among her books are: "The
Gates Ajar) ( 1868 ), one of the most successful
of American stories; Men, Women, and
Ghosts) (1869); “The Silent Partner? ( 1870 ) ;
(The Trotty Book) (1870 ); (The Story of
Avis) ( 1877 ) ; (Old Maid's Paradise (1879);
(Beyond the Gates) (1883); Dr. Zay' (1884);
(The Gates Between (1887); (The Master of
the Magicians) (1890); and (Come Forth)
( 1890'). Jointly with her husband she wrote:
(Poetic Studies,' verse (1885); “Songs of the
Silent World) ( 1885); and (The Struggle for
Immortality) (1889), a volume of essays.
