55 Be- sides the commemorations of this holy man already entered at the 20th of April, and at 13th of May, there is a festival set down, at the 1st of July,56 which is
supposed
to have been the date for his death.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v7
Servan.
But whether the latter accompanied him from Rome, or whether he had been a native of Ireland or of Scotland, appears to be uncertain.
Equally so is the conjecture, that he had been found in either of these Islands, and that he had been instructed in the Faith by Palladius.
However this may be, both were associated in the work of preaching and of administering the sacraments among the people of Scotland.
As he was gifted with singular goodness and humility, St.
Palladius consecrated St.
Servan a bishop, according to received accounts.
3<5 The latter became a coadjutor to his apostolic master^ while spreading the light of the Gospel in those northern parts he had chosen for
that when St. Palladius failed
in preaching the Gospel among the Orkneyans, St. Servan became eminently successful in that effort. 3 8 While St. Palladius destined St. Tervan to become
Archbishop of the Picts, he directed St. Servan to become the great missionary
and Apostle of the Orkneys. 39 Again, it has been supposed, by some writers, that St. Tervan had been the first missionary sent to those Islands, while St. Servansucceededhiminthatpost/ AsTandSarefrequentlycommutable in the Celtic dialects, it may be a subject for fair investigation, to discover if Tervan and Servan be not one and the same person ; while, if such be the case, we have another disturbing historic element introduced into the present
the exercise of his zeal. Another account has
it,
» Her feast is on the 1 8th of 3° " kept
3<s Such is the
Virgil.
3? See Fordun's "
statement of
Polydore
July. See Lives of St. Ninian and St. Ken-
in the twelfth
Edited from the best MSS. by Alexander Penrose Forbes, D. C. L. , Bishop of Brechin,
lib. iii.
tigern," compiled
century.
Scotichronicon,
Life of St. Kentigern, chap, iv. , p. 40. carum Ecclesiarum," p. 671.
8vo. 39 See "De et Edinburgh, 1874, Lesley, Origine, Moribus,
31
Vita S. Kentigerni, cap. viii.
31 See Right Rev. Patrick F. Moran's p. 137.
"Irish Saints in Great
PP- x 55' l $6-
33 About the year 431.
Britain," chap, v. ,
4Q has been added the To these statements
report, that both had a charge to extirpate the Pelagian heresy among the people of those northern parts. The contradiction is
obvious, if we only suppose, that those people
had yet to receive Christianity through the ministry of Saints Tervan and Servan,
34
July 6th, Art. i.
35
According to the Chronicle of St. Prosper of Aquetaine.
See his Acts in the present volume, at
" I whither God go
cap. ix.
38 See Ussher's "De Primordiis Britanni-
Rebus Gestis Scotorum," lib. iv. , Rex xli. ,
July i. ] LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. 29
perplexingmemoir. However,thismaybe,weareinclinedtobelieve,that the success of St. Servan's missionary career among the Orkneyans—if con- siderable in his time— could not have been of a very permanent character. St. Servan was sent into the Orkney Islands by St. Palladius, and his mis- sionary career was so successful there, that he has since been regarded as the Apostle of that group. Some writers state, that St. Palladius and St. Sylves- ter 4I shared that Apostleship with him. At this period, the people of Orkney were in a rude state 42 yet, we have few accounts left us by writers, to throw
;
much light on their pagan condition. *3 Picts or Britons appear to have been the earliest inhabitants. 44 The Fir-galeoin 4S—a tribe of the Firbolgs—are saidalsotohaveinhabitedthem. InthetimeofSt. 6 seem
Columkille,* they
to have relapsed into paganism ; if indeed, Christianity had previously made anyprogressamongthem. Towardstheendofthesixthcentury,someof St. Columba's disciples 47 appear to have gained a foothold there ; and Irish Papae or Fathers were found in those Islands, when they had been invaded
by the Norwegians in the ninth century. 48 Gradually a great number of churches and monasteries were established in those Islands, after the Norwe- gian colonists had conformed to Christianity. Under the Jarls, Kirkwall grew up to be the chief seat of power, and there too was established the epis- copal See of the Orkneys. After the remains of St. Magnus 4 9 the Martyr had been removed to Christ Church, Bersa,s° his nephew Ronald resolved on
5th
February,
in the Islands. Orkney
Acces-
41 He is said to have had a feast on the
account of this transaction, in John Pinker-
of
42 See Bellenden's Hector Boece's " Scoto-
ton's " of Scotland from the History
rum Historian, "tomus i. , lib. vii. , cap. 1 8, p. 286. 43 For a fuller account, the reader is re- ferred to the Second Volume of this work,
at the 14th of February, Art. iii.
44 See Chalmers' "Caledonia," vol. i. ,
book ii. , chap. iv.
45 See "The Irish Version of Nennius. "
Note of Rev. Dr. Todd, p. 146.
46 See his Life, in the Sixth Volume of this
work, at the 9ih of June, Art. i.
4? Among these, St. Cormac Ua Liathan
appears to have been distinguished, as ap-
pears from his Life, at the 21st ofJune. See
ibid. , Art i.
sion of the house of Stuart to that of Mary,"
with Appendices of Original Papers, vol. i. , book vii. , pp. 262 to 266.
54 See a further account of this most in- teresting structure, in Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott's " Scoti Monasticon," pp. 173 to 178.
55 According to the Martyrology of Aber- deen.
56 See an account of him, in Bishop
Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp.
445 to 447.
57 According to the Bollandists' "Acta
Sanctorum," tomus i. , Julii i.
58 See Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of
48
the Orkney Islands,'' &c, p. 115.
49
this 5°
:
60 Thus " Servani —Ibid. , p. 118.
61
Episcopi,
Conf. 1. " ix. ,
See Rev. George Barry's "History of See his Life, in the Fourth Volume of
work, at April 16th, Art. ii.
" Antiquities Scotland,
Scottish Saints," p. 42.
See Robert William Billing's and Ecclesiastical of vol. iii. , p. 2.
Baronial "
5' The See of the Church Bay (Kirk Vaag) in the Orkneys was founded a. d. i 102, and the fine cat—hedral—of which there is a
62 Thus "S. Serffe of — and : bischop Orknay
confesor vnder King Eugenius 2. " Ibid. , p. 156.
63 Thus: "In Insulis Serfi primi illius ground plan was begun A. D. 1 138. See populi Apostoli. "—Ibid. , p. 204.
Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott's "Scoti Monasticon," p. 173.
52 The accompanying illustration was drawn on the wood by William F. Wake- man, from an approved drawing ; and it has been engraved on the wood by Mrs. Millard.
53 In the year 1468, the Orkneys were transferred from the kingdom of Denmark andannexedtotheScottishcrown. Seean
<>4 See "Old Statistical Account of Scot-
land," vol. x. , p. 131, and vol. xviii. , Ap-
pendix, p. 649.
63 See " New Statistical Account of Scot-
land," Perth, p. 600.
66 See " Lives of S. Ninian and S. Ken-
tigern," compiled in the Twelfth Century. Edited from the best MSS. , by Alexander
Penrose Forbes, D. C. L. , Bishop of Brechin. Notes P, pp. 324 to 326.
59 Thus
xii. , 1. , ii. m. "'—Ibid. , p. 59.
:
See ibid. , p. 132.
Episcopi,
" Sancti Servani
3° LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [July i.
the erection of a magnificent cathedral at Kirkwall in the twelfth century, 51 When completed, he had the remains of St. Magnus removed thither, and afterwards this holy martyr gave name to that church, of which he was regarded
Cathedral Church of St. Mngnus, Kirkwall, Orkney Island, Interior View.
as the patron. The interior
presents much of the original plan and style, in the massive columns and rounded arches within the nave and aisles. 53 The five eastern bays of the nave were built with
pillars,
fifteen feet in circumference,
by Bishop William I. in 1160; while, owing to the disturbed state of affairs in the Orkneys, the cathedral remained un-
finished. " Theremainingbays, with the western front and three western bays in the same style, were built by Bishop Reid in 1540. 54 St. Servan lived to a venerable old age. He departed this life at Cul- ross. There his relics were afterwards preserved.
55 Be- sides the commemorations of this holy man already entered at the 20th of April, and at 13th of May, there is a festival set down, at the 1st of July,56 which is supposed to have been the date for his death. In his
Universal Martyrology, Castellan has the feast of Servanus, a Scot, at the latter date, but the place assigned for him is Wales. 5? Otherwise, we know not of any recorded connexion the present St. Servan had with the latter principality. In the Kalendar of Hyrdmainstown, at the 1st of July, there is an entry of Servanus Episcopus, with a notice that he had an Office of Nine Lessons;58 also, in the Kalendar of Culenros 59 likewise, in the Kalendar,
;
attached to the of 60 in the Breviary Aberdeen; also,
of Aber- Menolo- gium Scoticum. 63 Until a late period, an annual procession attended with public festivity was held in his honour, on the first of each recurring July. Early on the morning of that day, all the inhabitants, young and old, men women and children assembled, and carried green branches through the town. They also decked the public places with flowers, and spent the rest of the day
in recreation and 6* In this custom had not—
public rejoicing. 1839, altogether
deen 61 in Adam 62 in Thomas
Martyrology Dempster's
;
King'sKalendar; and,
65 but the day of King George III.
Article hi. —1 Edited Kelly, p. xxviii.
a
disappeared,
—had been altered to the of the birth- day 24th June
It is in the parish of St. Peter's, barony of Athlone, and it is shown on the '"Ord- nance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Roscommon," sheets 52, 55.
M Acta Sanctorum Hiber- niae," xv. Februarii. Vita S. Farannani, n.
by
Rev. Dr.
3 See O'Donovan's "Tribes and John
Customs of Hy-Many," n. (j), pp. 79, 80.
* Allusion is also made to this place, in a
in consequence of the neighbouring lairds and
note to
Colgan's 28, p. 339-
J uly i . ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 3 1
magistrates being strong Hanoverians,66 and their desiring to wean the affections and celebration of the people from an old Scottish saint to the
regal representative of the Guelph family.
Article III. —St. Ailill of Cloonown, County of Roscommon, THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN SECOND ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH, COUNTY OF
Armagh. In the of 1 at the 1st of Martyrology Tallagh, July,
we —find the
entry Ailella, Bishop of Cluana—Emain. The name Cluana Kmain where
seven bishops were venerated has been identified with Cloonowen, or
2
Cloonown, an old church situated on the River Shannon, and not far
removed from Athlone. It lies to the south-east of this town, 3 and it is within the county of Roscommon. 4 There seems to have been an error admitted, in deeming him to have been an Archbishop of Armagh, and the second of this samename. However,theMartyrologyofTamhlachtcallshimbishopofCluain Emain, but without any mention of Armagh, as elsewhere found. Marianus O'Gorman simply names him; but, the gloss adds, Epscop Arda Macha. He is not mentioned in the Feilire of /Engus, nor in the Dublin copy of the Scholia. The present saint is said to have succeeded his namesake Ailill or Ailild I. , in the See of Armagh. s He died in the year 526, on the 13th day of January,
and this holy man, the second of his name in that primatical See, is thought
to have been elected, soon after the chair had been vacated. Ailill II. sprung
from the same as his namesake and 6 While the Bollan- family predecessor.
dists 7 enter the name of Alellus or Alildus II. , Archbishop of Armagh, at this
date, on the authority of Colgan ; they declare, likewise, that they know not from what authority he has been entered on the Catalogue of Saints, and they
defer to a supplement, at the 13th day of January, any further notices regard- ing him. We read, that Ailill II. ruled for ten years over the Irish Church,
8
andhediedonthe1stofJuly, accordingtoMarianusO'Gorman,andother
Martyrologists, a. d. 535, but according to other chronologists, in the year 536. 9 At this same date, the Martyrology of Donegal IO records him as Ailill, Bishop, of Ard Macha. Some words within brackets are added in a
more recent hand, [i. e. Elias, according to the corresponding synonyme, at Rathbuanae. "] Wherethisplacewassituated,wehavenomeansfordeter-
mining.
Article IV. —St. Cuimmein, Bishop of Nendrum, or Mahee Island,
County of Down. [Seventh Century. ] On the 1st of July, in the Martyr- 12
ologies of Tallagh, of Marianus O'Gorman and of Charles Maguire, it is men- tioned,thatvenerationwasgiventoCuimmein,BishopofAendruim. This place is now known as Mahee Island, inStrangford Lough, and in the county
s A considerable nmount of ecclesiastical ' See Harris' Ware, vol. information regarding this Archdiocese may of Armagh," p. 39.
i. , "Archbishops
" I0 be found, in Sir Charles Coote's Statistical
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
Survey of the County of Armagh," part i. , chap, i. , sect. 4, pp. 9 to 21, and Appendix, No. xxi. , pp. 28 to 33.
6 See James Stuart's "Historical Memoirs of the City of Armagh," chap, i. , p. 92.
7 See Julii i.
p. 2.
8 See Ussher's " Britannicavum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquitates," Index Chronologicus.
184, 185.
" They signify, that Elias is the usual
Latinized form of the Celtic name Ailill, and that this Ailill died or was honoured as
a saint, at Rathb—uanae.
"Acta tomus Sanctorum,"
Article iv. Kelly, p. xxviii.
x Edited Rev. Dr. by
i. , Among the pretermitted feasts,
2 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- niae," xii. Januarii. De S. Cumiano Epis- copo, n. 6, p. 59.
32 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July
of Down. 3 The Bollandists,4 who have a notice of this holy man, at the ist of July, refer to Hugh Ward's work s for the entry; but, they defer to treat about his veneration and Acts, until they had more certain evidences. It has been stated, in Rev. Dr. O'Conor's text of the Annals of the Four Masters,
6
that he died a. d. 658 but, this is faulty, for according to Tighernach, he
departed a. d. 659. 7 He
is said to have rested about the 661 Duald year by
Mac 8 in his text, De Firbis,
This tract was found
;——
Quibusdam Episcopis. 9
among the Bodleian Manuscripts, at Oxford. 10 This holy Bishop's name is
11 entered,intheMartyrologyofDonegal, atthepresentdate.
Article V. —St. Cathbadh or Cathbath. We find in the Martyr-
1
ology of Tallagh, Cathbadh's name, at the istof July. It is to be regretted,
that ecclesiastical and religious persons, whose opportunities or position enabled them to record passing events, wanted either the taste or inclination, to preserve reminiscences and edifying accounts of those, with whom they had been intimately associated. Owing to such omissions, no doubt, posterity has lost a knowledge of this holy man's place and age, as in many similar
2
cases. There is a notice of St. Cathladius, in Jocelyn's Life of St. Patrick. 3
He is said to have been a pilgrim and of British race. He was the third
Bishop of Ath-Truim or Trim, in succession to St. Loman or Luman,*
appointed by St. Patrick himself, and to St. Fortchern. s Now, Colgan thinks, that Cathladius was probably the same person as Cathfadius, whose Natalis has been placed in the Irish Martyrologies, at the ist of July, or at the 16th of September. The Bollandists,6 who record Cathfadius at the ist of July,' do not forget to state, that Sirinus has suggested Cathbadius for Cathfadius.
8
At this date, the Martyrology of Donegal has only the simple record
Cathbath.
Article VI. —St. Lugid or Lughaidh, Son of Lugeus or Lughaidh.
As these, who ascend the heights of the Himalaya Mountains, avoid the con-
tagious diseases and oppressive atmosphere of the plains below ; so do the saints escape, by their ascent towards exalted perfection, the noisome moral
3 See what has been already stated, at the
I0 Classed Rawlinson, No. 480. See
" ofthe Irish Proceedings Royal Academy,"
vol. ix. , 1856, p. 184.
the festival of St. Mochumma or Documma, Bishop of InisMahee ; as also, at the 23rd of June, the feast of St. Mochaoi or Mochay, Abbot and Patron of Nendrum. 4 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Julii i. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. 4.
31st January,
s See "Sancti Rumoldi
Archiepiscopi Dubliniensis, Mechliniensium
Apostoli," Dissertatio Historica, &c, sect. 9, num. 9, p. 159.
6 See " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus iii. , p. 215.
7 See Rev. William Reeves' " Ecclesias- tical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dro- more," Appendix A, p. 149. Also, Appendix
LL, p. 379. 8"
See Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. , nn. 20, 21, p. 85.
Kelly, p. xxviii.
2 Under this form, his name is not found
in our Irish Martyrologies.
3
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumalurga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. lii. , p. 76, and n. 59, pp. no, in.
* See an account of him, at the 17th of February, in the Second Volume of this work, Art. iii.
s See ibid. , Art. iv.
b
Martyris Inclyii,
vouchsafed, on the matter of identity, it ' Translated into English, by D. H. might be possible to say more, at the 1 6th
Kelly, M. R. I. A. , and annotated by W. M. of September.
Hennessy, M. R. I. A.
,x
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
184, 185. — Article v.
•
Edited
by
Rev. Dr.
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus Julii i. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. 5.
7
i. ,
They add, that should further lights be
8
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
July i. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
33
contagion
of the
worlding's
low
position.
that when St. Palladius failed
in preaching the Gospel among the Orkneyans, St. Servan became eminently successful in that effort. 3 8 While St. Palladius destined St. Tervan to become
Archbishop of the Picts, he directed St. Servan to become the great missionary
and Apostle of the Orkneys. 39 Again, it has been supposed, by some writers, that St. Tervan had been the first missionary sent to those Islands, while St. Servansucceededhiminthatpost/ AsTandSarefrequentlycommutable in the Celtic dialects, it may be a subject for fair investigation, to discover if Tervan and Servan be not one and the same person ; while, if such be the case, we have another disturbing historic element introduced into the present
the exercise of his zeal. Another account has
it,
» Her feast is on the 1 8th of 3° " kept
3<s Such is the
Virgil.
3? See Fordun's "
statement of
Polydore
July. See Lives of St. Ninian and St. Ken-
in the twelfth
Edited from the best MSS. by Alexander Penrose Forbes, D. C. L. , Bishop of Brechin,
lib. iii.
tigern," compiled
century.
Scotichronicon,
Life of St. Kentigern, chap, iv. , p. 40. carum Ecclesiarum," p. 671.
8vo. 39 See "De et Edinburgh, 1874, Lesley, Origine, Moribus,
31
Vita S. Kentigerni, cap. viii.
31 See Right Rev. Patrick F. Moran's p. 137.
"Irish Saints in Great
PP- x 55' l $6-
33 About the year 431.
Britain," chap, v. ,
4Q has been added the To these statements
report, that both had a charge to extirpate the Pelagian heresy among the people of those northern parts. The contradiction is
obvious, if we only suppose, that those people
had yet to receive Christianity through the ministry of Saints Tervan and Servan,
34
July 6th, Art. i.
35
According to the Chronicle of St. Prosper of Aquetaine.
See his Acts in the present volume, at
" I whither God go
cap. ix.
38 See Ussher's "De Primordiis Britanni-
Rebus Gestis Scotorum," lib. iv. , Rex xli. ,
July i. ] LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. 29
perplexingmemoir. However,thismaybe,weareinclinedtobelieve,that the success of St. Servan's missionary career among the Orkneyans—if con- siderable in his time— could not have been of a very permanent character. St. Servan was sent into the Orkney Islands by St. Palladius, and his mis- sionary career was so successful there, that he has since been regarded as the Apostle of that group. Some writers state, that St. Palladius and St. Sylves- ter 4I shared that Apostleship with him. At this period, the people of Orkney were in a rude state 42 yet, we have few accounts left us by writers, to throw
;
much light on their pagan condition. *3 Picts or Britons appear to have been the earliest inhabitants. 44 The Fir-galeoin 4S—a tribe of the Firbolgs—are saidalsotohaveinhabitedthem. InthetimeofSt. 6 seem
Columkille,* they
to have relapsed into paganism ; if indeed, Christianity had previously made anyprogressamongthem. Towardstheendofthesixthcentury,someof St. Columba's disciples 47 appear to have gained a foothold there ; and Irish Papae or Fathers were found in those Islands, when they had been invaded
by the Norwegians in the ninth century. 48 Gradually a great number of churches and monasteries were established in those Islands, after the Norwe- gian colonists had conformed to Christianity. Under the Jarls, Kirkwall grew up to be the chief seat of power, and there too was established the epis- copal See of the Orkneys. After the remains of St. Magnus 4 9 the Martyr had been removed to Christ Church, Bersa,s° his nephew Ronald resolved on
5th
February,
in the Islands. Orkney
Acces-
41 He is said to have had a feast on the
account of this transaction, in John Pinker-
of
42 See Bellenden's Hector Boece's " Scoto-
ton's " of Scotland from the History
rum Historian, "tomus i. , lib. vii. , cap. 1 8, p. 286. 43 For a fuller account, the reader is re- ferred to the Second Volume of this work,
at the 14th of February, Art. iii.
44 See Chalmers' "Caledonia," vol. i. ,
book ii. , chap. iv.
45 See "The Irish Version of Nennius. "
Note of Rev. Dr. Todd, p. 146.
46 See his Life, in the Sixth Volume of this
work, at the 9ih of June, Art. i.
4? Among these, St. Cormac Ua Liathan
appears to have been distinguished, as ap-
pears from his Life, at the 21st ofJune. See
ibid. , Art i.
sion of the house of Stuart to that of Mary,"
with Appendices of Original Papers, vol. i. , book vii. , pp. 262 to 266.
54 See a further account of this most in- teresting structure, in Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott's " Scoti Monasticon," pp. 173 to 178.
55 According to the Martyrology of Aber- deen.
56 See an account of him, in Bishop
Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints," pp.
445 to 447.
57 According to the Bollandists' "Acta
Sanctorum," tomus i. , Julii i.
58 See Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of
48
the Orkney Islands,'' &c, p. 115.
49
this 5°
:
60 Thus " Servani —Ibid. , p. 118.
61
Episcopi,
Conf. 1. " ix. ,
See Rev. George Barry's "History of See his Life, in the Fourth Volume of
work, at April 16th, Art. ii.
" Antiquities Scotland,
Scottish Saints," p. 42.
See Robert William Billing's and Ecclesiastical of vol. iii. , p. 2.
Baronial "
5' The See of the Church Bay (Kirk Vaag) in the Orkneys was founded a. d. i 102, and the fine cat—hedral—of which there is a
62 Thus "S. Serffe of — and : bischop Orknay
confesor vnder King Eugenius 2. " Ibid. , p. 156.
63 Thus: "In Insulis Serfi primi illius ground plan was begun A. D. 1 138. See populi Apostoli. "—Ibid. , p. 204.
Rev. Mackenzie E. C. Walcott's "Scoti Monasticon," p. 173.
52 The accompanying illustration was drawn on the wood by William F. Wake- man, from an approved drawing ; and it has been engraved on the wood by Mrs. Millard.
53 In the year 1468, the Orkneys were transferred from the kingdom of Denmark andannexedtotheScottishcrown. Seean
<>4 See "Old Statistical Account of Scot-
land," vol. x. , p. 131, and vol. xviii. , Ap-
pendix, p. 649.
63 See " New Statistical Account of Scot-
land," Perth, p. 600.
66 See " Lives of S. Ninian and S. Ken-
tigern," compiled in the Twelfth Century. Edited from the best MSS. , by Alexander
Penrose Forbes, D. C. L. , Bishop of Brechin. Notes P, pp. 324 to 326.
59 Thus
xii. , 1. , ii. m. "'—Ibid. , p. 59.
:
See ibid. , p. 132.
Episcopi,
" Sancti Servani
3° LIVESOFTHEIRISHSAINTS. [July i.
the erection of a magnificent cathedral at Kirkwall in the twelfth century, 51 When completed, he had the remains of St. Magnus removed thither, and afterwards this holy martyr gave name to that church, of which he was regarded
Cathedral Church of St. Mngnus, Kirkwall, Orkney Island, Interior View.
as the patron. The interior
presents much of the original plan and style, in the massive columns and rounded arches within the nave and aisles. 53 The five eastern bays of the nave were built with
pillars,
fifteen feet in circumference,
by Bishop William I. in 1160; while, owing to the disturbed state of affairs in the Orkneys, the cathedral remained un-
finished. " Theremainingbays, with the western front and three western bays in the same style, were built by Bishop Reid in 1540. 54 St. Servan lived to a venerable old age. He departed this life at Cul- ross. There his relics were afterwards preserved.
55 Be- sides the commemorations of this holy man already entered at the 20th of April, and at 13th of May, there is a festival set down, at the 1st of July,56 which is supposed to have been the date for his death. In his
Universal Martyrology, Castellan has the feast of Servanus, a Scot, at the latter date, but the place assigned for him is Wales. 5? Otherwise, we know not of any recorded connexion the present St. Servan had with the latter principality. In the Kalendar of Hyrdmainstown, at the 1st of July, there is an entry of Servanus Episcopus, with a notice that he had an Office of Nine Lessons;58 also, in the Kalendar of Culenros 59 likewise, in the Kalendar,
;
attached to the of 60 in the Breviary Aberdeen; also,
of Aber- Menolo- gium Scoticum. 63 Until a late period, an annual procession attended with public festivity was held in his honour, on the first of each recurring July. Early on the morning of that day, all the inhabitants, young and old, men women and children assembled, and carried green branches through the town. They also decked the public places with flowers, and spent the rest of the day
in recreation and 6* In this custom had not—
public rejoicing. 1839, altogether
deen 61 in Adam 62 in Thomas
Martyrology Dempster's
;
King'sKalendar; and,
65 but the day of King George III.
Article hi. —1 Edited Kelly, p. xxviii.
a
disappeared,
—had been altered to the of the birth- day 24th June
It is in the parish of St. Peter's, barony of Athlone, and it is shown on the '"Ord- nance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Roscommon," sheets 52, 55.
M Acta Sanctorum Hiber- niae," xv. Februarii. Vita S. Farannani, n.
by
Rev. Dr.
3 See O'Donovan's "Tribes and John
Customs of Hy-Many," n. (j), pp. 79, 80.
* Allusion is also made to this place, in a
in consequence of the neighbouring lairds and
note to
Colgan's 28, p. 339-
J uly i . ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 3 1
magistrates being strong Hanoverians,66 and their desiring to wean the affections and celebration of the people from an old Scottish saint to the
regal representative of the Guelph family.
Article III. —St. Ailill of Cloonown, County of Roscommon, THOUGHT TO HAVE BEEN SECOND ARCHBISHOP OF ARMAGH, COUNTY OF
Armagh. In the of 1 at the 1st of Martyrology Tallagh, July,
we —find the
entry Ailella, Bishop of Cluana—Emain. The name Cluana Kmain where
seven bishops were venerated has been identified with Cloonowen, or
2
Cloonown, an old church situated on the River Shannon, and not far
removed from Athlone. It lies to the south-east of this town, 3 and it is within the county of Roscommon. 4 There seems to have been an error admitted, in deeming him to have been an Archbishop of Armagh, and the second of this samename. However,theMartyrologyofTamhlachtcallshimbishopofCluain Emain, but without any mention of Armagh, as elsewhere found. Marianus O'Gorman simply names him; but, the gloss adds, Epscop Arda Macha. He is not mentioned in the Feilire of /Engus, nor in the Dublin copy of the Scholia. The present saint is said to have succeeded his namesake Ailill or Ailild I. , in the See of Armagh. s He died in the year 526, on the 13th day of January,
and this holy man, the second of his name in that primatical See, is thought
to have been elected, soon after the chair had been vacated. Ailill II. sprung
from the same as his namesake and 6 While the Bollan- family predecessor.
dists 7 enter the name of Alellus or Alildus II. , Archbishop of Armagh, at this
date, on the authority of Colgan ; they declare, likewise, that they know not from what authority he has been entered on the Catalogue of Saints, and they
defer to a supplement, at the 13th day of January, any further notices regard- ing him. We read, that Ailill II. ruled for ten years over the Irish Church,
8
andhediedonthe1stofJuly, accordingtoMarianusO'Gorman,andother
Martyrologists, a. d. 535, but according to other chronologists, in the year 536. 9 At this same date, the Martyrology of Donegal IO records him as Ailill, Bishop, of Ard Macha. Some words within brackets are added in a
more recent hand, [i. e. Elias, according to the corresponding synonyme, at Rathbuanae. "] Wherethisplacewassituated,wehavenomeansfordeter-
mining.
Article IV. —St. Cuimmein, Bishop of Nendrum, or Mahee Island,
County of Down. [Seventh Century. ] On the 1st of July, in the Martyr- 12
ologies of Tallagh, of Marianus O'Gorman and of Charles Maguire, it is men- tioned,thatvenerationwasgiventoCuimmein,BishopofAendruim. This place is now known as Mahee Island, inStrangford Lough, and in the county
s A considerable nmount of ecclesiastical ' See Harris' Ware, vol. information regarding this Archdiocese may of Armagh," p. 39.
i. , "Archbishops
" I0 be found, in Sir Charles Coote's Statistical
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
Survey of the County of Armagh," part i. , chap, i. , sect. 4, pp. 9 to 21, and Appendix, No. xxi. , pp. 28 to 33.
6 See James Stuart's "Historical Memoirs of the City of Armagh," chap, i. , p. 92.
7 See Julii i.
p. 2.
8 See Ussher's " Britannicavum Ecclesia-
rum Antiquitates," Index Chronologicus.
184, 185.
" They signify, that Elias is the usual
Latinized form of the Celtic name Ailill, and that this Ailill died or was honoured as
a saint, at Rathb—uanae.
"Acta tomus Sanctorum,"
Article iv. Kelly, p. xxviii.
x Edited Rev. Dr. by
i. , Among the pretermitted feasts,
2 See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hiber- niae," xii. Januarii. De S. Cumiano Epis- copo, n. 6, p. 59.
32 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July
of Down. 3 The Bollandists,4 who have a notice of this holy man, at the ist of July, refer to Hugh Ward's work s for the entry; but, they defer to treat about his veneration and Acts, until they had more certain evidences. It has been stated, in Rev. Dr. O'Conor's text of the Annals of the Four Masters,
6
that he died a. d. 658 but, this is faulty, for according to Tighernach, he
departed a. d. 659. 7 He
is said to have rested about the 661 Duald year by
Mac 8 in his text, De Firbis,
This tract was found
;——
Quibusdam Episcopis. 9
among the Bodleian Manuscripts, at Oxford. 10 This holy Bishop's name is
11 entered,intheMartyrologyofDonegal, atthepresentdate.
Article V. —St. Cathbadh or Cathbath. We find in the Martyr-
1
ology of Tallagh, Cathbadh's name, at the istof July. It is to be regretted,
that ecclesiastical and religious persons, whose opportunities or position enabled them to record passing events, wanted either the taste or inclination, to preserve reminiscences and edifying accounts of those, with whom they had been intimately associated. Owing to such omissions, no doubt, posterity has lost a knowledge of this holy man's place and age, as in many similar
2
cases. There is a notice of St. Cathladius, in Jocelyn's Life of St. Patrick. 3
He is said to have been a pilgrim and of British race. He was the third
Bishop of Ath-Truim or Trim, in succession to St. Loman or Luman,*
appointed by St. Patrick himself, and to St. Fortchern. s Now, Colgan thinks, that Cathladius was probably the same person as Cathfadius, whose Natalis has been placed in the Irish Martyrologies, at the ist of July, or at the 16th of September. The Bollandists,6 who record Cathfadius at the ist of July,' do not forget to state, that Sirinus has suggested Cathbadius for Cathfadius.
8
At this date, the Martyrology of Donegal has only the simple record
Cathbath.
Article VI. —St. Lugid or Lughaidh, Son of Lugeus or Lughaidh.
As these, who ascend the heights of the Himalaya Mountains, avoid the con-
tagious diseases and oppressive atmosphere of the plains below ; so do the saints escape, by their ascent towards exalted perfection, the noisome moral
3 See what has been already stated, at the
I0 Classed Rawlinson, No. 480. See
" ofthe Irish Proceedings Royal Academy,"
vol. ix. , 1856, p. 184.
the festival of St. Mochumma or Documma, Bishop of InisMahee ; as also, at the 23rd of June, the feast of St. Mochaoi or Mochay, Abbot and Patron of Nendrum. 4 See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus i. , Julii i. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. 4.
31st January,
s See "Sancti Rumoldi
Archiepiscopi Dubliniensis, Mechliniensium
Apostoli," Dissertatio Historica, &c, sect. 9, num. 9, p. 159.
6 See " Rerum Hibernicarum Scriptores," tomus iii. , p. 215.
7 See Rev. William Reeves' " Ecclesias- tical Antiquities of Down, Connor and Dro- more," Appendix A, p. 149. Also, Appendix
LL, p. 379. 8"
See Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy," Irish Manuscript Series, vol. i. , part i. , nn. 20, 21, p. 85.
Kelly, p. xxviii.
2 Under this form, his name is not found
in our Irish Martyrologies.
3
See Colgan's "Trias Thaumalurga," Sexta Vita S. Patricii, cap. lii. , p. 76, and n. 59, pp. no, in.
* See an account of him, at the 17th of February, in the Second Volume of this work, Art. iii.
s See ibid. , Art. iv.
b
Martyris Inclyii,
vouchsafed, on the matter of identity, it ' Translated into English, by D. H. might be possible to say more, at the 1 6th
Kelly, M. R. I. A. , and annotated by W. M. of September.
Hennessy, M. R. I. A.
,x
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
184, 185. — Article v.
•
Edited
by
Rev. Dr.
See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus Julii i. Among the pretermitted feasts, p. 5.
7
i. ,
They add, that should further lights be
8
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
July i. ]
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS.
33
contagion
of the
worlding's
low
position.
