Wicklow, a
distance
of about 10 miles.
Samuel Beckett
C.
D.
[Dublin]
Dear Tom
Many thanks for your letter and then for Thoma's article in
the New Review that Prentice sent along and that I had already read, Putnam having sent me a copy ofthe New Review, and that
1
I don't thing [for think] need detain us. I was very pleased to know that you liked the Albas. No, nothing either very new or very beautiful, when I come to think of it. They came together one on top of the other, a double-yoked orgasm in months of aspermatic nights & days. I sent them 3 weeks ago to Seumas O'Sullivan. So far he has not acknowledged their receipt. I'm afraid the 'Give us a wipe' class of guttersnippet continues to please me, or at least to recommend itself to me in as much as 'true. '2 One has to buckle the wheel of one's poem somehow, nicht wahr? Or run the risk ofNordau's tolerance. 3
And most affectionate gratias tibi for offering to mitigate my distress a paraitre with a share ofyour substance. You're the kindest offriends and ifl knew you were in Paris I would be very much less concerned about going to Leipzig. But Paris (as such)
87
Saturday {12 September 1931}, McGreevy
gives me the chinks at the moment and it's about the last place in
the world I want to go. Too many Frenchmen in the wrong streets.
Anyhow I've no idea when I'll get away or if I ever shall. Said
nothing to Ruddy- the old cowardice of keeping one[']s hand off
the future. 4 And I'm too tired and too poor in guts or spunk or
whatever the stuffis to endow the old corpse with a destination &
5
Pelorson has some good stuff in his new book that I think I spoke to you of and that he has just finished. He'll be off very soon, not that I see much of him now anymore (the only reason Ihopebeingthatheisnotasfreeasheusedtobe. )6 Iamfondof Leventhal for no reason good bad or indifferent which is surely the only possible way ofbeing fond ofanybody, and I see a little of him. I had an invitation from J[. J B. Yeats to go round some Saturday but I haven't had the courage to go so far. Frank emerges now & then from the fading fact of my family. Then there are sometimes the green tulips and always the quiet life (after the pubs close. )7
Do write and tell me how yourself goes & how yr. work goes.
8
ALS; 1 leaf, 4 sides; TCD, MS 10402/24. Dating: after 7 September 1931, when Charles Prentice forwarded Thoma's review of McGreevy's Thomas Stearns Eliot to SB. On 7 August 1931, the "Albas" were submitted to Seumas O'Sullivan. At the time of this
88
buy a ticket & pack up here. The 'pottamus waits for his angels. And really I can't seriously suppose that there's anything I want to rid myself of or acquire, no growth of freedom or property that can't be shed or assumed with as absurd a coefficient of plausi bility here in the miasma as anywhere else. Nothing is so attrac tive anyhow as abstention. A nice quiet life punctuated with involuntary exonerations (Albas). And isn't my navel worth 10 of anyone else's, even though I can't get a very good view of it.
SchonegriissetoR. &B. Andloveever Sam
Saturday {12 September 1931], McGreevy
letter to McGreevy, SB did not yet know that one of the poems would be published by Seumas O'Sullivan in Dublin Magazine.
1 American writer Richard Thoma (1902-1974), along with Samuel Putnam and Harold]. Salemson (1910-1988), wrote the "Direction" manifesto (1930) in response to transition's call for a revolution in writing; it formed the editorial basis for The New Review, edited by Putnam with Thoma as an Associate Editor. Thoma's review was critical of McGreevy's parochialism, his preoccupation with Catholicism, and his "rambling, pedantic, speculative, dilettantish" style ("Island Without Serpents," 119-121). George Reavey wrote a riposte ("Letter to Richard Thoma," The New Review 1. 4 [Winter 1931-1932] 397).
2 SBsent"theAlbas"toSeumasO'Sullivanon7August1931aswellastoMcGreevy. There is no manuscript of either poem in the archives of Dublin Magazine (TCD). SB's reference to the phrase "'give us a wipe guttersnippet"' in the rejected "Alba" indicates that it is the poem later retitled "Enueg 2. "
3 MaxSimonNordau(1849-1923),Hungarian-bornphilosopher,literarycritic,and Zionist. His two-volume study Entartung (1892; Degeneration) tried to demonstrate that many artists and authors share mental features with the criminal and the insane. SB read and made notes from Nordau's Degeneration (translator not indicated [London: William Heinemann, 1895]; see Pilling, ed. , Beckett's Dream Notebook, 89-97).
"Nicht wahr? " (isn't that so? ).
SB is presumably referring to the twist or surprise of the poem Uohn Pilling, March 2005).
4 SBoriginallywrote"if! "andchangeditto"whenI'llgetaway. "
"Gratias tibi" (thanks to you).
"A paraitre" (that lies ahead).
SB had mentioned Leipzig as a destination in previous letters to McGreevy; he had
not yet spoken to Rudmose-Brown about his thought of leaving Trinity College Dublin (see [after 15 August 1931], n. 8).
5 SBreferstoT. S. Eliot'spoem"TheHippopotamus"(T. S. Eliot,CompletePoemsand Plays: 1909-1950 [New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1952[ 30-31).
6 BeforeleavingDublinintheautumnof1931,accordingtowhathelaterwrote, Pelorson had been trying feverishly to finish his third manuscript, which he called "l'espece de true sans denomination" (the sort of nameless something-or-another): he had "un demi-cahier de poemes, un roman acheve" (half a notebook of poems, a finished novel) as well as the new work. At the same time, he was preoccupied with his then secret marriage to Marcelle Graham (1900-? ), the complications of resigning from the Ecole Normale Superieure, and the need to support himself in France or elsewhere (Belmont, Souvenirs d'outre-monde, 324, 333-334).
7 FrankBeckett. SBevokes"thetulipsoftheevening/thegreentulips"inhispoem "Enueg 2" (Echo's Bones, [16-17]; rpt. Beckett, Poems 1930-1989, 16). SB explained to scholar and biographer Lawrence Harvey (1925-1988), who had asked him about the color: "Those sky tulips I called green because I saw them that colour & the flower" (8 March 1965, NhD, MSS 661, Lawrence Harvey collection).
8 "SchoneGriisse"(warmgreetings)toRichardAldingtonandBrigitPatmore.
89
Tuesday [c. 22 September 1931}, McGreevy
THOMAS McGREEVY PARIS
Tuesday [c. 22 September 1931]
Trinity College [Dublin]
My dear Tom
Many thanks for your envoi. Frankly I much prefer your
Eliot, which simply means I suppose, that I am more in sympathy
1
for me really the most lamentable stuff". 2 What I did enjoy
was the rhythm of your phrase that always charms me and the
lassoo [sic] leaps of your mind capturing analogies all round you.
The carelessly disposed of parallel between Aldington & Lur�at as
the adepts of Natures Vivantes I found very effective. But d'une
3
I was glad to know what your plans were, even in vague outline. Here is the address of the people in Florence.
Signorina Ottolenghi via Campanella 14
They charged me 30 lire a day (3 meals) and are cultured decent
people - and it[']s a quiet part ofFlorence, offthe Piazza Oberdamm
[for Oberdan] & not far from the Campo di Marte. You would
probably find something near for L 30 or L 35. I'll ask my Father
4
gal[l]op through Berard's Odyssey. He certainly makes it easy to read,andIreallyrecoveredsomethingoftheoldchildishabsorb tion [sic] with which I read Treasure Island & Oliver Twist and many others - free of all pilfering velleities. But I dislike very
90
withonesubjectthanwiththeother. Thepoetryyouquoteis
fa�on generale I find the book less dense and rapid than the Eliot. Don't mind this from me - I'm suffering from literary caries.
next time I see him. I see him very seldom.
I have done nothing at all except booze my heart quiet and
Tuesday [c. 22 September 1931}, McGreevy
much his Alexandrine diction, and if that kind of hemistich
neuralgia exasperates me what would it be like for a
Frenchman? He has some most wonderful glittering phrases:
La quenouille[,] chargee de laine purpurine - ! Et tout le jour le
5
but he wouldn't touch the other. He didn't like 'Give us a wipe' &
6
only a few adhesions will be ruptured. I see something of
Leventhal and like him, though I'm aware & frightened of the
sterile formulae of his attitude. I've done nothing further about
7
masterandadvocateGoligher. Iamveryangrybutmusttakeit all smiling as long as I'm 'assisting' and paralysed by shilly shally. I probably won't afford Germany at Xmas. Do write & love ever and don't think me too splenetic.
Sam
Amities a Beaufret et Thomas si tu les vois. 9
ALS; 2 leaves. 2 sides; PS, upper left margin side 1; TCD, MS 10402/13. Dating: McGreevy's book, Richard Aldington: An Englishman, was published by Chatto and Windus on 17 September 1931, and the Tuesday following was 22 September 1931 (Charles Prentice to McGreevy. 23 August 1931, TCD 8092/53). SB's poem "Alba" was published in Dublin Magazine 6. 4 (October-December 1931) 4.
1 SBhasreceivedhiscopyofMcGreevy'sRichardAldington:AnEnglishman.
2 McGreevy quotes numerous passages from Aldington's poetry. but without always indicating their titles; the first pagination given in what follows refers to the texts as published in The Complete Poems of Richard Aldington (London: Allan Wingate, 1948), and the second, to the pagination of the passages in McGreevy's book.
From Images: "In the Old Garden" (34; 12-13); "Choricos" (21-23; 14-15); "Lesbia" (28; 18); "After Two Years" (44; 18); "Amalfi" (35; 19); "At Mitylene" (26; 19); "In the Tube" (49; 23-24); "Inarticulate Grief' (64; 25-26); "Captive" (68; 26-27); "Sunsets" (68; 26-27); "The Faun Captive" (69-70; 27-28).
91
joug tressauta sur les cous.
Seumas O'Sullivan condescends to publish the 'sheet' Alba,
he didn't like the anthrax.
Georges leaves early next week and I see so little of him that
getting away. Ruddy loads me with the invigilations that he can't find time to accomplish in person, and those of his fucking
8
Tuesday [c. 22 September 1931}, McGreevy
From Images ofWar: "Taintignies" (108; 28); "Bombardment" (105; 29); "A Village" (90-91; 29-30); "Machine Guns" (93; 33-34); "Epitaph (2)" (106-107; 34); "Insouciance" (80; 35).
From "A Fool i' the Forest" (193-239), McGreevy uses several passages: (194; 42); (198; 420); (202; 43); and two sections (206; 43).
From "Short Poems" (numbered with both arabic and roman numerals): 4 (295-296; 65); IV (297; 65).
3 McGreevynotesthatAldingtonandFrenchartistJeanLu�at(1892-1966),bothof whom were marked by their experiences in World War I, share a commitment to depicting what he calls "natures vivantes," whereas T. S. Eliot "was painting verbal natures mortes" (31). McGreevy argues that the War caused Aldington and Lur<;:at to "bring their work closer to objective reality," but without the danger of nineteenth-century realism, both because "their technical point of departure is not realistic" and because "the principal reality that has been impelling them to expression is so vast and so terrible to look back on" (32).
"D'une fa;:on generale" (in a general way).
4 SBlocatesthepensioneinwhichhestayedwhenhewasinFlorencein1927,the summer prior to his undergraduate examinations in French and Italian (see Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 83-86). The Campo di Marte is near the Piazza Oberdan in Florence. SB's father, William Beckett* (1871-1933), a quantity surveyor, would have paid the bill.
5 Victor Berard (1864-1931) presents his French translation of The Odyssey, attrib uted to Horner (eighth century BC), as "poesie homerique" (Horner, L'Odyssee, tr. Victor Berard [Paris: Societe d'edition "Les Belles lettres," 19241). Berard's introduction explains: "Que ! 'on supprirne la rime qui jalonne de douze en douze syllabes cette 'diction alexandrine' et ! 'on aura, je crois, un rnodele de la prose que ! 'on peut concevoir pour obtenir en fram;:ais un rythrne equivalent . i celui du texte hornerique" (xxxii) (If we take away the rhyme which marks, in the succession of twelve syllables, this 'alexandrine diction,' we shall have, I think, a model of the prose that can be imagined in order to obtain in French a rhythm equivalent to that of the Homeric text).
A hemistich is the half, or section, of a line of verse as divided by the caesura.
"La quenouille, chargee de Laine purpurine" (The distaff, laden with crimson wool) (I, 82). The second line, "Et tout le jour le joug tressauta sur ! es cous" (And all day long the yoke rose and fell on the necks), is not an exact quotation of the phrase which appears three times in the translation: "Le joug, sur leurs deux cous, tressauta tout le jour" (The yoke, on their two necks, rose and fell all day long) (I, 75; I, 116; II, 205).
McGreevy had recommended Berard's translation, saying that it read like a novel, one that he could read and read again (Richard Aldington: An Englishman, 17). Treasure Island (1883) by Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894). Oliver Twist (1837-1839) by Charles Dickens (1812-1870). For SB's reading notes from Berard's translation: Pilling, ed. , Beckett's Dream Notebook, 102-103.
6 "Alba,"DublinMagazine4. FordiscussionofthetwoAlbapoems:7August1931, n. 1.
7 SBwrote"<terrifying>"andinsertedaboveit"sterile. "
Georges Pelorson's arrangements following his marriage to Marcelle Graham may have delayed his departure plans; in his memoir he writes that he did not leave Dublin until shortly before mid-October 1931 (Souvenirs d'outre-monde, 332-334).
8 SBassistedRudrnose-Brownwithteaching,whichincludedinvigilatingexamina tions for him as well as for William Alexander Goligher (1870-1941), Registrar from 1930 to 1937; Goligher is described as one who "commanded respect" and enjoyed the
92
"substance ofpower," but whose remarks were often "caustic or cynical" (R B. McDowell and D. A. Webb, Trinity College Dublin, 1592-1952: An Academic History [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982] 442).
9 "AmitiesaBeaufretetThomassituJesvois. "(GreetingstoBeaufretandThomasif you see them. )
THOMAS McGREEVY PARIS
8/11/31 39 Trinity College Dublin
My dear Tom
One letter - yours - last week and none more welcome. lt is a
more than usually implacable Dublin Sunday. Mist & rain &
chimes & teetotal. Last Sunday I took myself for a walk - from
Rathfarnham to Enniskerry, through the Pine Forest. All beautiful
and lancinant, and the limp down the hill in the dark to
1
You seem to be installed quite comfortably at the Trianon. I'll be surprised if Chatto & Windus rise to it & publish your verse. I hope they do. Don't be so vague about your book. Ou en es-tu? 3 I'll send you an Irish Press. 4 Delighted to rescue your dishes if I can. Where do I go?
I'm right in a dead spot, one of the knots in my life teak but I suppose I'll get clear sooner or later. I can't write anything at all, can't imagine even the shape of a sentence, nor take notes (though God knows I have enough 'butin verbal' to strangle any thing I'm likely to want to say), nor read with understanding, gout
93
8 November 1931, McGreevy
Enniskerry&flatstoutinthePowerscourtArms. Pelorsonsays he understands Rimbaud who used to compose poems walking. But for me, walking, the mind has a most pleasant & melancholy limpness, is a carrefour of memories, memories of childhood mostly, moulin a larmes. 2 But to-day everything is dripping & there is nothing at all to be done and nobody at all to go and see.
8 November 1931, McGreevy
or degout. 5 I was presented with a lovely polyglot edition of Horace, and I haven't the guts to start into it. 6 I read two books ofPowys: Mark Only and Mr Tasker's Gods, not knowing his work at all, & was very disappointed. Such a fabricated darkness & painfully organised unified tragic completeness. The Hardy vice caricatured. Everybody had been telling me what a great writer he was. And what a style! 7 Everything is very grey & identical, spe cially ton serviteur. I was hoping to get away at Xmas - even to Paris if not to Germany- but what with the pound & an overdraft & petty debts & the remoteness of my cheque, I don't think it can be done. I don't think I'll ever get away now. I'll be renominated (sauf scandale) this time 2 years & settle down to professorial incompe tence. I really believe so. Without very much regret. 8
They are giving Ruddy a D. Litt. Stip. Cond. at next com mencement. Together with Curtis & Allison [for Alison] Phillips. Gracious & nugatory. 9 [•••]
[. . . ]
I suppose you have no news of the new Transition. They have stuff of mine - carmina quae legunt cacantes. 10
Dear Tom, I wish I could write you a cheerful easy newsy letter like yours to me. I'm inextricably morveux and I beg your pardon. I underestimated this terrible Dublin.
11
1 SBwalkedfromRathfarnham,southofcentralDublin,tothePowerscourtArms Hotel in Enniskerry in Co.
Wicklow, a distance of about 10 miles. The forest, Tibradden, is approximately 21⁄2 miles south ofRathfarnham, Co. Dublin.
"Lancinant" (poignant).
94
Pourvu que cela ne t'empeche pas de re[e]crire.
God bless. Is there no chance of seeing you here soon?
Love ever Sam
ALS; 1 leaf, 4 sides; TCD, MS 10402/21.
8 November 1931, McGreevy
2 "Carrefour" (crossroads); moulin a larmes (tearmill, adapted from "moulin a vent" [windmill! ).
3 McGreevywaslivingattheTrianon-PalaceHotel,1bis-3RuedeVaugirard,Paris 6. He had been encouraged by Charles Prentice to send his poems to Chatto and Windus, and he did so: however, as Prentice wrote to Richard Aldington, Chatto and Windus was unlikely to publish them (3 November 1931, ICSo, Aldington 68/6/5). McGreevy contin ued to work on his novel (see TCD, MS 8039-55).
"Ou en es-tu? " (How far have you got? )
4 TheIrishPresscommencedpublicationinDublinon5September1931,propos ing to represent "an Irish Ireland, an Ireland aware of its own greatness, sure of itself, conscious of the spiritual forces which have formed it into a distinct people having its own language and customs and a traditionally Christian philosophy of life": its motto was: "Truth in news" (5 September 1931: 5). McGreevy's first contri bution was "A Great Christian Drama for Irish Players" (The Irish Press 28 December 1932: 6, 11).
5 "Butinverbal"(verbalbooty),areferencetoSB's"note-snatching"(seePilling, ed. , Beckett's Dream Notebook, xvi-xviii).
"Gout or degoiit" (taste or distaste).
6 Horace. Oeuvres completes d'Horace . . . French tr. Jean-Baptiste Monfalcon, Spanish tr. Javier de Burgos, Italian tr. Tommaso Gargallo, English tr. Philip Francis; German tr. Christoph Martin Wieland and Johann Henrich Voss, Polyglotte edn. [Latin text with translations into French, Spanish, Italian, English. and German] (Paris and Lyon: Connon et Blanc, 1834).
7 TheodoreFrancisPowys(1875-1953)wroteMarkOnly(1924)andMr. Tasker'sGods (1924); both were published by Chatto and Windus.
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928).
8 "Ton serviteur" (your servant); "sauf scandale" (barring a scandal). The British pound went off the gold standard on 21 September 1931, and then the pound fell by 25 percent; the Saorstat pound was set against the British pound.
9 Trinity College Dublin conferred the title of Doctor of Letters on Rudmose-Brown, Edmund Curtis (1881-1943), Professor of Irish History, and Walter Alison Phillips (1864-1950), Lecky Professor of Modern History and Chief Assistant Editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edn.
10 There was a hiatus in the publication of transition: numbers 19-20 were pub lished as a single issue in June 1930 and number 21 in March 1932; the latter published SB's story "Sedendo and Quiesciendo" [for Quiescendo] (13-20).
SB quotes from an epigram by Martial (ne Marcus Valerius Martialis, first century AD): "carmina quae legunt cacantes" (poems which people read at stool) (Martial. Epigrams, II, tr. Walter C. A. Ker (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: London: Heinemann. 1968] XII. 61: line 10, 362-363). It is cited by SB from The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621) by Robert Burton (1577-1640) (see Pilling, ed. . Beckett's Dream Notebook, 104).
11 "Morveux"(snotty-nosed). "Pourvuquecelanet'empechepasdere[e]crire. "Uust so long as that doesn't stop you writing back. )
95
{27 November 1931}, O'Sullivan
SEUMAS o'sULLIVAN, DUBLIN MAGAZINE DUBLIN
[27 November 1931]
Dear Seumas Darfich . . . ? 1
SBB
ENUEG2
39T. C. D. [Dublin]
Exeo in a spasm,
tired ofmy darling's red sputum,
from the Portobello Private Nursing Home,
its secret things, andtoiltothecrestofthesurgeofthesteepperilousbridge, and lapse down blankly under the scream of the hoarding, the stiff bright banner ofthe hoarding,
into a black west
throttled with clouds.
Above the mansions, the algum-trees, the mountains,
my head sullenly,
clot of anger,
skewered aloft, strangled in the cangue of the wind, bites like a dog against its chastisement.
I trundle along rapidly now on my ruined feet, flush with the livid canal;
at Parnell Bridge a dying barge
carrying a cargo of nails and timber
96
rocks itself softly in the foaming cloister of the lock;
on the far bank a gang of down-and-outs would seem to be
mending a beam.
Then for miles only wind
and the weals creeping alongside on the water
and the world opening up to the south
across a lamentable parody of champaign land to the
mountains
and the stillborn evening turning a filthy green manuring the night-fungus
and the mind annulled
wrecked in wind.
I splashed past a little wearish old man,
Democritus,
scuttling along between a crutch and a stick,
his stump caught up, horribly, like a claw, under his breech, smoking.
Then because a field on the left suddenly went up in a blaze ofshouting and urgent whistling and scarlet and blue ganzies I stopped and climbed a bank to see the game.
A child fidgeting at the gate called up:
"Would we be let in, Mister? "
"Certainly" I said "you would. "
But, afraid, he set off down the road.
"Well" I called after him "why wouldn't you go on in? " "Oh" he said, knowingly,
"I was in that ground before and I got put out. "
Then on,
derelict,
as from a bush of gorse on fire in the mountain after dark,
{27 November 1931}, O'Sullivan
97
{27 November 1931}, O'Sullivan
or, in my dream of Sumatra, the jungle hymen, the still, flagrant rafflesia.
Next:
a pitiful family of grey verminous hens
perished out in the sunk field,
trembling, half asleep, against the closed door of a shed, with no visible means of roosting.
The great mushy toadstool,
green black,
oozing up after me,
soaking up the tattered sky like an ink of pestilence, in my skull the wind going fetid,
the water . . . .
Next:
on the hill down from the Fox and Geese into Chapelizod, a small malevolent goat, exiled on the road,
remotely pucking the gate of his field.
The Isolde Stores a great perturbation of sweaty heroes, endimanches,
come hurrying down in time for a pint of nepenthe or half-
and-half
from watching the hurlers in Kilmainham.
Blotches of drowned yellow in the pit of the Liffey; the finger of the ladders hooked over the parapet, solliciting;
a slush of vigilant gulls in the grey spew of the sewer.
Ah! the banner,
the banner of meat bleeding
98
20 December 1931, McGreevy
on the silk of the seas and the arctic flowers! (they do not exist) . . . .
AC! ; 1 leaf, 1 side; TMS, 2 leaves, 2 sides; env to SeumasO'SullivanEsq. ,Editor, Dublin Magazine, 2 Crow Street ! Dublin]; pm 27-11-31, Dublin; TCD, MS 4630-49/3332/1-4. Dating: from pm and SB to McGreevy, 20 December 1931: "Herewith a pome that S. O'S. wouldn't have on account of the red sputum! "
1 "Darf ich . . . ? " (May I . . . ? )
2 "Enueg" was rejected by Dublin Magazine; it was published in Echo's Bones (1935) as
"Enueg 1," and the second "Alba" poem was retitled "Enueg 2. ""Enueg" (Provern;:al, complaint).
THOMAS M c G REEVY PAR! S
20/12/31
COOLDRlNAGH, FOXROCK,
CO. DUBLIN-
Dear Tom
Forgive me for not having replied to you before this_ All kinds of
imaginary melancholy circumstances to excuse me. I have had to
reintegrate my father's roof for a few days but am off, malgre tout
et malgre tous, immediately after Noel, via Ostend, somewhere
into Germany, as far as Cologne anyway, next Saturday night
from North Wall, not to return I hope (& entre nous) for many
1
them down, tant pis. Some charming little cunt of a gold medal
list will be nominated deputy for a term until they can get some
really responsible person, & wont that be a happy surprise for the
2
months,thoughIhavenotresignedfromTrinity. IfIhavetolet
(And by the way all the usual voeux et que tous les tiens soient exauces-)3 Ofcourse I'll probably crawl back with my tail coiled round my ruined poenis. And maybe I wont. Is there no
99
New Year.
20 December 1931, McGreevy
chance of seeing you at all. I dont know whether you are still in
Paris. It would be grand to spend Xmas with you, but I dont want
France - above all not the comic Marseilles - & I know you don't
want Germania, unless maybe Weimar! It's madness really to go
4
I've been several times to look at the new Perugino Pieta in
the National Gallery here. It's buried behind a formidable bar
rage of shining glass, so that one is obliged to take cognisance of
it progressively, square inch by square inch. It's all messed up by
restorers, but the Xist and the women are lovely. A clean shaven,
potent Xist, and a passion of tears for the waste. The most
mystical constituent is the ointment pot that was probably
added by Raffael[l]o. Rottenly hung in rotten light behind this
thick shop window, so that a total view of it is impossible, and
full of grotesque amendments. But a lovely cheery Xist full of
sperm, & the woman touching his thighs and mourning his
5
bad as Keating.
How is the novel going'? 7 I started yet again & soon saw no
8
Herewith a pome that S. O'S. wouldn't have on account of the red sputum! I haven't tried to place it elsewhere, & thought I'd send it to you a tout hasard. 10
No news from Pelorson since I applied for a slight service. Again so much piss.
100
away now with the exchange u. s. w. but it really is now or never. And as usual I'm not burning any boats! I'm hoping to be able to spit fire at them from a distance.
jewels. I thought Orpen's Ptarmigan & Wash House nearly as
6
reasontocontinue. IhavejustrereadtheRougeetNair. Suchan obsession with heights & ladders & gothic pillars & terraces and grottos in the Juras & the dungeon up in the air at the end. And the same thing again all through the Chartreuse. Nimrod of novelists[. ]9
Webb & Chapelizod c/o Pinker. I've no idea where he is.
Do write home (here) & they'll send it on wherever I am.
Love ever Sam
ALS; 1 leaf, 4 sides; letterhead; enclosure not extant; TCD, MS 10402/23.
20 December 1931, McGreevy
Writing to the Penman for Xmas about statues, Professor
11
1 SB had not resigned his post at Trinity College Dublin, but, in anticipation of leaving for Germany on 26 December, he removed his belongings from 39 Trinity College to the family home in Foxrock. "Reintegrate" (Gallicism for"return to").
"Entre nous" (between ourselves). The repercussions anticipated,"malgre tout et malgre tous" (in spite of everything and everyone), were complicated by SB's automo bile accident injuring Ethna Maccarthy before Christmas. For a full discussion of SB's circumstances of departure: Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 141-142.
2 SB's resignation letter or telegram has not been found, but the information record of the Board Minutes for 20 January 1932, kept by Registrar W. A. Goligher, indicates that: "B. has just sent in his resignation"; A. J. Leventhal was appointed Lecturer in French on 20 January 1932 Uane Maxwell, Manuscripts Department, TCD, 19 August 2004; Jean O'Hara, Alumni Office TCD, 6 August 2004).
3 "VoeuxetquetousJestienssoientexauces"(wishesandmayallyoursbegranted).
4 McGreevyisinParis.
For the year ending 31 December 1931. the rate of exchange between the German mark and the British pound had dropped from 20 to 14 (M. Epstein, ed. , The Annual Register: A Review ofPublic Events at Home and Abroadfor the Year 1931 [London: Longmans, Green and Co. , 1932] 66; for further information see 8 November 1931, n. 8).
"U. s. w. " is the abbreviation of"und so weiter" (and so on).
5 Perugino's Pietil (NG! 942) was purchased on 12 June 1931 by Thomas Bodkin (1887-1961), Director of the National Gallery of Ireland (1927-1935). The Umbrian artist and architect Perugino (ne Pietro di Cristoforo Yannucci Perugino, c. 1450-1523) taught Raphael (ne Raffaello Sanzio or Santi or Sanzi, 1483-1520), who may have added the ointment pot below the feet of Christ; a similar painting by Perugino in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence lacks the ointment pot (Ernst T. Dewald, Italian Painting 1200-1600 [New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961] 397-399).
6 Sir William Orpen (1878-1931), Irish-born painter who lived in London, was official painter of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and was elected to the Royal Academy in 1921; SB refers to Orpen's self-portrait The Dead Ptarmigan (NG! 945) which had been bequeathed to the National Gallery oflreland in 1930, and The Wash House (NG! 946). Orpen had been a teacher of Cissie Sinclair at the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art (see Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 140).
Sean Keating (also Sean Ceitinn, 1889-1977), Irish artist, a student of Orpen who painted in the Aran Islands for four years, was a traditionalist known for fine draughts manship; he was elected to the Royal Hibernian Academy (Dublin) in 1923, but resigned in 1962 as a protest against contemporary art.
101
20 December 1931, McGreevy
7 McGreevy'sunpublishednovelwasprovisionallyentitled"NeitherWillI"(TCD, MS 8039/55).
8 SBiswritingstorieswhichbecomeportionsofDreamofFairtoMiddlingWomen and More Pricks Than Kicks.
9 SBreferstoLeRougeetlenoir{1830;TheRedandtheBlack)andLaChartreusedeParme {1839; The Charterhouse ofParma) by Stendhal {ne Marie-Henri Beyle, 1783-1842).
10 SB encloses "Enueg" ( later entitled "Enueg 1") which opens with "Exeo in a spasm / tired of my darling's red sputum. "
"A tout hasard" {on the off-chance that it will interest you).
11 SB's letter sent to James Joyce care ofJoyce's agent, Ralph Pinker, has not been found; Joyce may have been in Paris, at 2 Avenue S. Philibert, Passy, at this time (Rose, The Textual Diaries of]amesJoyce, 190).
Thomas Ebenezer Webb {1821-1903), Professor of Moral Philosophy and later Regius Professor of Laws, and Public Orator ofTrinity College Dublin. Webb translated Goethe's Faust (1880), and his last work promoted Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1623) as author of Shakespeare's works.
The village of Chapelizod is situated on the northern bank of the River Liffey, between Island Bridge and Palmerston; by legend it is associated with Isould (Isolde), daughter of Anguisshe, King of Ireland. In Finnegans Wake, Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, husband of Anna Livia Plurabelle, owns a tavern in Chapelizod.
1932 January 20January
2 February By 8 February
16 February 20 February March
April 7May
After 7 May
June
By 28June
29June SJuly
CHRONOLOGY 1932
SBisinKassel. SendstwopoemstoSamuelPutnam for The New Review.
Resigns fromTrinity College Dublin as recorded in Minutes of the Board ofTCD.
In Paris. AttendsJoyce's fiftieth birthday party.
Proposes an essay on Gide for the Chatto and Windus Dolphin Books series, whichPrentice declines.
Eamon De Valera becomesPrimeMinister oflreland.
SB lunches with Prentice and McGreevy inParis.
SB's story " Sedendo et Quiescendo" and the manifesto "Poetry is Vertical," to which SB's name is appended, are published in transition.
The New Review publishes the poem "Text. "
Assassination ofPaul Doumer results in scrutiny of travel papers of all foreigners in France; lacking valid papers, SB stays with the artistJeanLur�at, until his carte de sejour is in order.
EdwardTitus purchases SB's translation of Arthur Rimbaud's poem "Le Bateau ivre. "
SB writes poem "Home Olga. "
Sends additional poems and/or portion of the MS of his novel Dream ofFair to Middling Women to Samuel Putnam.
Dear Tom
Many thanks for your letter and then for Thoma's article in
the New Review that Prentice sent along and that I had already read, Putnam having sent me a copy ofthe New Review, and that
1
I don't thing [for think] need detain us. I was very pleased to know that you liked the Albas. No, nothing either very new or very beautiful, when I come to think of it. They came together one on top of the other, a double-yoked orgasm in months of aspermatic nights & days. I sent them 3 weeks ago to Seumas O'Sullivan. So far he has not acknowledged their receipt. I'm afraid the 'Give us a wipe' class of guttersnippet continues to please me, or at least to recommend itself to me in as much as 'true. '2 One has to buckle the wheel of one's poem somehow, nicht wahr? Or run the risk ofNordau's tolerance. 3
And most affectionate gratias tibi for offering to mitigate my distress a paraitre with a share ofyour substance. You're the kindest offriends and ifl knew you were in Paris I would be very much less concerned about going to Leipzig. But Paris (as such)
87
Saturday {12 September 1931}, McGreevy
gives me the chinks at the moment and it's about the last place in
the world I want to go. Too many Frenchmen in the wrong streets.
Anyhow I've no idea when I'll get away or if I ever shall. Said
nothing to Ruddy- the old cowardice of keeping one[']s hand off
the future. 4 And I'm too tired and too poor in guts or spunk or
whatever the stuffis to endow the old corpse with a destination &
5
Pelorson has some good stuff in his new book that I think I spoke to you of and that he has just finished. He'll be off very soon, not that I see much of him now anymore (the only reason Ihopebeingthatheisnotasfreeasheusedtobe. )6 Iamfondof Leventhal for no reason good bad or indifferent which is surely the only possible way ofbeing fond ofanybody, and I see a little of him. I had an invitation from J[. J B. Yeats to go round some Saturday but I haven't had the courage to go so far. Frank emerges now & then from the fading fact of my family. Then there are sometimes the green tulips and always the quiet life (after the pubs close. )7
Do write and tell me how yourself goes & how yr. work goes.
8
ALS; 1 leaf, 4 sides; TCD, MS 10402/24. Dating: after 7 September 1931, when Charles Prentice forwarded Thoma's review of McGreevy's Thomas Stearns Eliot to SB. On 7 August 1931, the "Albas" were submitted to Seumas O'Sullivan. At the time of this
88
buy a ticket & pack up here. The 'pottamus waits for his angels. And really I can't seriously suppose that there's anything I want to rid myself of or acquire, no growth of freedom or property that can't be shed or assumed with as absurd a coefficient of plausi bility here in the miasma as anywhere else. Nothing is so attrac tive anyhow as abstention. A nice quiet life punctuated with involuntary exonerations (Albas). And isn't my navel worth 10 of anyone else's, even though I can't get a very good view of it.
SchonegriissetoR. &B. Andloveever Sam
Saturday {12 September 1931], McGreevy
letter to McGreevy, SB did not yet know that one of the poems would be published by Seumas O'Sullivan in Dublin Magazine.
1 American writer Richard Thoma (1902-1974), along with Samuel Putnam and Harold]. Salemson (1910-1988), wrote the "Direction" manifesto (1930) in response to transition's call for a revolution in writing; it formed the editorial basis for The New Review, edited by Putnam with Thoma as an Associate Editor. Thoma's review was critical of McGreevy's parochialism, his preoccupation with Catholicism, and his "rambling, pedantic, speculative, dilettantish" style ("Island Without Serpents," 119-121). George Reavey wrote a riposte ("Letter to Richard Thoma," The New Review 1. 4 [Winter 1931-1932] 397).
2 SBsent"theAlbas"toSeumasO'Sullivanon7August1931aswellastoMcGreevy. There is no manuscript of either poem in the archives of Dublin Magazine (TCD). SB's reference to the phrase "'give us a wipe guttersnippet"' in the rejected "Alba" indicates that it is the poem later retitled "Enueg 2. "
3 MaxSimonNordau(1849-1923),Hungarian-bornphilosopher,literarycritic,and Zionist. His two-volume study Entartung (1892; Degeneration) tried to demonstrate that many artists and authors share mental features with the criminal and the insane. SB read and made notes from Nordau's Degeneration (translator not indicated [London: William Heinemann, 1895]; see Pilling, ed. , Beckett's Dream Notebook, 89-97).
"Nicht wahr? " (isn't that so? ).
SB is presumably referring to the twist or surprise of the poem Uohn Pilling, March 2005).
4 SBoriginallywrote"if! "andchangeditto"whenI'llgetaway. "
"Gratias tibi" (thanks to you).
"A paraitre" (that lies ahead).
SB had mentioned Leipzig as a destination in previous letters to McGreevy; he had
not yet spoken to Rudmose-Brown about his thought of leaving Trinity College Dublin (see [after 15 August 1931], n. 8).
5 SBreferstoT. S. Eliot'spoem"TheHippopotamus"(T. S. Eliot,CompletePoemsand Plays: 1909-1950 [New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1952[ 30-31).
6 BeforeleavingDublinintheautumnof1931,accordingtowhathelaterwrote, Pelorson had been trying feverishly to finish his third manuscript, which he called "l'espece de true sans denomination" (the sort of nameless something-or-another): he had "un demi-cahier de poemes, un roman acheve" (half a notebook of poems, a finished novel) as well as the new work. At the same time, he was preoccupied with his then secret marriage to Marcelle Graham (1900-? ), the complications of resigning from the Ecole Normale Superieure, and the need to support himself in France or elsewhere (Belmont, Souvenirs d'outre-monde, 324, 333-334).
7 FrankBeckett. SBevokes"thetulipsoftheevening/thegreentulips"inhispoem "Enueg 2" (Echo's Bones, [16-17]; rpt. Beckett, Poems 1930-1989, 16). SB explained to scholar and biographer Lawrence Harvey (1925-1988), who had asked him about the color: "Those sky tulips I called green because I saw them that colour & the flower" (8 March 1965, NhD, MSS 661, Lawrence Harvey collection).
8 "SchoneGriisse"(warmgreetings)toRichardAldingtonandBrigitPatmore.
89
Tuesday [c. 22 September 1931}, McGreevy
THOMAS McGREEVY PARIS
Tuesday [c. 22 September 1931]
Trinity College [Dublin]
My dear Tom
Many thanks for your envoi. Frankly I much prefer your
Eliot, which simply means I suppose, that I am more in sympathy
1
for me really the most lamentable stuff". 2 What I did enjoy
was the rhythm of your phrase that always charms me and the
lassoo [sic] leaps of your mind capturing analogies all round you.
The carelessly disposed of parallel between Aldington & Lur�at as
the adepts of Natures Vivantes I found very effective. But d'une
3
I was glad to know what your plans were, even in vague outline. Here is the address of the people in Florence.
Signorina Ottolenghi via Campanella 14
They charged me 30 lire a day (3 meals) and are cultured decent
people - and it[']s a quiet part ofFlorence, offthe Piazza Oberdamm
[for Oberdan] & not far from the Campo di Marte. You would
probably find something near for L 30 or L 35. I'll ask my Father
4
gal[l]op through Berard's Odyssey. He certainly makes it easy to read,andIreallyrecoveredsomethingoftheoldchildishabsorb tion [sic] with which I read Treasure Island & Oliver Twist and many others - free of all pilfering velleities. But I dislike very
90
withonesubjectthanwiththeother. Thepoetryyouquoteis
fa�on generale I find the book less dense and rapid than the Eliot. Don't mind this from me - I'm suffering from literary caries.
next time I see him. I see him very seldom.
I have done nothing at all except booze my heart quiet and
Tuesday [c. 22 September 1931}, McGreevy
much his Alexandrine diction, and if that kind of hemistich
neuralgia exasperates me what would it be like for a
Frenchman? He has some most wonderful glittering phrases:
La quenouille[,] chargee de laine purpurine - ! Et tout le jour le
5
but he wouldn't touch the other. He didn't like 'Give us a wipe' &
6
only a few adhesions will be ruptured. I see something of
Leventhal and like him, though I'm aware & frightened of the
sterile formulae of his attitude. I've done nothing further about
7
masterandadvocateGoligher. Iamveryangrybutmusttakeit all smiling as long as I'm 'assisting' and paralysed by shilly shally. I probably won't afford Germany at Xmas. Do write & love ever and don't think me too splenetic.
Sam
Amities a Beaufret et Thomas si tu les vois. 9
ALS; 2 leaves. 2 sides; PS, upper left margin side 1; TCD, MS 10402/13. Dating: McGreevy's book, Richard Aldington: An Englishman, was published by Chatto and Windus on 17 September 1931, and the Tuesday following was 22 September 1931 (Charles Prentice to McGreevy. 23 August 1931, TCD 8092/53). SB's poem "Alba" was published in Dublin Magazine 6. 4 (October-December 1931) 4.
1 SBhasreceivedhiscopyofMcGreevy'sRichardAldington:AnEnglishman.
2 McGreevy quotes numerous passages from Aldington's poetry. but without always indicating their titles; the first pagination given in what follows refers to the texts as published in The Complete Poems of Richard Aldington (London: Allan Wingate, 1948), and the second, to the pagination of the passages in McGreevy's book.
From Images: "In the Old Garden" (34; 12-13); "Choricos" (21-23; 14-15); "Lesbia" (28; 18); "After Two Years" (44; 18); "Amalfi" (35; 19); "At Mitylene" (26; 19); "In the Tube" (49; 23-24); "Inarticulate Grief' (64; 25-26); "Captive" (68; 26-27); "Sunsets" (68; 26-27); "The Faun Captive" (69-70; 27-28).
91
joug tressauta sur les cous.
Seumas O'Sullivan condescends to publish the 'sheet' Alba,
he didn't like the anthrax.
Georges leaves early next week and I see so little of him that
getting away. Ruddy loads me with the invigilations that he can't find time to accomplish in person, and those of his fucking
8
Tuesday [c. 22 September 1931}, McGreevy
From Images ofWar: "Taintignies" (108; 28); "Bombardment" (105; 29); "A Village" (90-91; 29-30); "Machine Guns" (93; 33-34); "Epitaph (2)" (106-107; 34); "Insouciance" (80; 35).
From "A Fool i' the Forest" (193-239), McGreevy uses several passages: (194; 42); (198; 420); (202; 43); and two sections (206; 43).
From "Short Poems" (numbered with both arabic and roman numerals): 4 (295-296; 65); IV (297; 65).
3 McGreevynotesthatAldingtonandFrenchartistJeanLu�at(1892-1966),bothof whom were marked by their experiences in World War I, share a commitment to depicting what he calls "natures vivantes," whereas T. S. Eliot "was painting verbal natures mortes" (31). McGreevy argues that the War caused Aldington and Lur<;:at to "bring their work closer to objective reality," but without the danger of nineteenth-century realism, both because "their technical point of departure is not realistic" and because "the principal reality that has been impelling them to expression is so vast and so terrible to look back on" (32).
"D'une fa;:on generale" (in a general way).
4 SBlocatesthepensioneinwhichhestayedwhenhewasinFlorencein1927,the summer prior to his undergraduate examinations in French and Italian (see Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 83-86). The Campo di Marte is near the Piazza Oberdan in Florence. SB's father, William Beckett* (1871-1933), a quantity surveyor, would have paid the bill.
5 Victor Berard (1864-1931) presents his French translation of The Odyssey, attrib uted to Horner (eighth century BC), as "poesie homerique" (Horner, L'Odyssee, tr. Victor Berard [Paris: Societe d'edition "Les Belles lettres," 19241). Berard's introduction explains: "Que ! 'on supprirne la rime qui jalonne de douze en douze syllabes cette 'diction alexandrine' et ! 'on aura, je crois, un rnodele de la prose que ! 'on peut concevoir pour obtenir en fram;:ais un rythrne equivalent . i celui du texte hornerique" (xxxii) (If we take away the rhyme which marks, in the succession of twelve syllables, this 'alexandrine diction,' we shall have, I think, a model of the prose that can be imagined in order to obtain in French a rhythm equivalent to that of the Homeric text).
A hemistich is the half, or section, of a line of verse as divided by the caesura.
"La quenouille, chargee de Laine purpurine" (The distaff, laden with crimson wool) (I, 82). The second line, "Et tout le jour le joug tressauta sur ! es cous" (And all day long the yoke rose and fell on the necks), is not an exact quotation of the phrase which appears three times in the translation: "Le joug, sur leurs deux cous, tressauta tout le jour" (The yoke, on their two necks, rose and fell all day long) (I, 75; I, 116; II, 205).
McGreevy had recommended Berard's translation, saying that it read like a novel, one that he could read and read again (Richard Aldington: An Englishman, 17). Treasure Island (1883) by Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894). Oliver Twist (1837-1839) by Charles Dickens (1812-1870). For SB's reading notes from Berard's translation: Pilling, ed. , Beckett's Dream Notebook, 102-103.
6 "Alba,"DublinMagazine4. FordiscussionofthetwoAlbapoems:7August1931, n. 1.
7 SBwrote"<terrifying>"andinsertedaboveit"sterile. "
Georges Pelorson's arrangements following his marriage to Marcelle Graham may have delayed his departure plans; in his memoir he writes that he did not leave Dublin until shortly before mid-October 1931 (Souvenirs d'outre-monde, 332-334).
8 SBassistedRudrnose-Brownwithteaching,whichincludedinvigilatingexamina tions for him as well as for William Alexander Goligher (1870-1941), Registrar from 1930 to 1937; Goligher is described as one who "commanded respect" and enjoyed the
92
"substance ofpower," but whose remarks were often "caustic or cynical" (R B. McDowell and D. A. Webb, Trinity College Dublin, 1592-1952: An Academic History [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982] 442).
9 "AmitiesaBeaufretetThomassituJesvois. "(GreetingstoBeaufretandThomasif you see them. )
THOMAS McGREEVY PARIS
8/11/31 39 Trinity College Dublin
My dear Tom
One letter - yours - last week and none more welcome. lt is a
more than usually implacable Dublin Sunday. Mist & rain &
chimes & teetotal. Last Sunday I took myself for a walk - from
Rathfarnham to Enniskerry, through the Pine Forest. All beautiful
and lancinant, and the limp down the hill in the dark to
1
You seem to be installed quite comfortably at the Trianon. I'll be surprised if Chatto & Windus rise to it & publish your verse. I hope they do. Don't be so vague about your book. Ou en es-tu? 3 I'll send you an Irish Press. 4 Delighted to rescue your dishes if I can. Where do I go?
I'm right in a dead spot, one of the knots in my life teak but I suppose I'll get clear sooner or later. I can't write anything at all, can't imagine even the shape of a sentence, nor take notes (though God knows I have enough 'butin verbal' to strangle any thing I'm likely to want to say), nor read with understanding, gout
93
8 November 1931, McGreevy
Enniskerry&flatstoutinthePowerscourtArms. Pelorsonsays he understands Rimbaud who used to compose poems walking. But for me, walking, the mind has a most pleasant & melancholy limpness, is a carrefour of memories, memories of childhood mostly, moulin a larmes. 2 But to-day everything is dripping & there is nothing at all to be done and nobody at all to go and see.
8 November 1931, McGreevy
or degout. 5 I was presented with a lovely polyglot edition of Horace, and I haven't the guts to start into it. 6 I read two books ofPowys: Mark Only and Mr Tasker's Gods, not knowing his work at all, & was very disappointed. Such a fabricated darkness & painfully organised unified tragic completeness. The Hardy vice caricatured. Everybody had been telling me what a great writer he was. And what a style! 7 Everything is very grey & identical, spe cially ton serviteur. I was hoping to get away at Xmas - even to Paris if not to Germany- but what with the pound & an overdraft & petty debts & the remoteness of my cheque, I don't think it can be done. I don't think I'll ever get away now. I'll be renominated (sauf scandale) this time 2 years & settle down to professorial incompe tence. I really believe so. Without very much regret. 8
They are giving Ruddy a D. Litt. Stip. Cond. at next com mencement. Together with Curtis & Allison [for Alison] Phillips. Gracious & nugatory. 9 [•••]
[. . . ]
I suppose you have no news of the new Transition. They have stuff of mine - carmina quae legunt cacantes. 10
Dear Tom, I wish I could write you a cheerful easy newsy letter like yours to me. I'm inextricably morveux and I beg your pardon. I underestimated this terrible Dublin.
11
1 SBwalkedfromRathfarnham,southofcentralDublin,tothePowerscourtArms Hotel in Enniskerry in Co.
Wicklow, a distance of about 10 miles. The forest, Tibradden, is approximately 21⁄2 miles south ofRathfarnham, Co. Dublin.
"Lancinant" (poignant).
94
Pourvu que cela ne t'empeche pas de re[e]crire.
God bless. Is there no chance of seeing you here soon?
Love ever Sam
ALS; 1 leaf, 4 sides; TCD, MS 10402/21.
8 November 1931, McGreevy
2 "Carrefour" (crossroads); moulin a larmes (tearmill, adapted from "moulin a vent" [windmill! ).
3 McGreevywaslivingattheTrianon-PalaceHotel,1bis-3RuedeVaugirard,Paris 6. He had been encouraged by Charles Prentice to send his poems to Chatto and Windus, and he did so: however, as Prentice wrote to Richard Aldington, Chatto and Windus was unlikely to publish them (3 November 1931, ICSo, Aldington 68/6/5). McGreevy contin ued to work on his novel (see TCD, MS 8039-55).
"Ou en es-tu? " (How far have you got? )
4 TheIrishPresscommencedpublicationinDublinon5September1931,propos ing to represent "an Irish Ireland, an Ireland aware of its own greatness, sure of itself, conscious of the spiritual forces which have formed it into a distinct people having its own language and customs and a traditionally Christian philosophy of life": its motto was: "Truth in news" (5 September 1931: 5). McGreevy's first contri bution was "A Great Christian Drama for Irish Players" (The Irish Press 28 December 1932: 6, 11).
5 "Butinverbal"(verbalbooty),areferencetoSB's"note-snatching"(seePilling, ed. , Beckett's Dream Notebook, xvi-xviii).
"Gout or degoiit" (taste or distaste).
6 Horace. Oeuvres completes d'Horace . . . French tr. Jean-Baptiste Monfalcon, Spanish tr. Javier de Burgos, Italian tr. Tommaso Gargallo, English tr. Philip Francis; German tr. Christoph Martin Wieland and Johann Henrich Voss, Polyglotte edn. [Latin text with translations into French, Spanish, Italian, English. and German] (Paris and Lyon: Connon et Blanc, 1834).
7 TheodoreFrancisPowys(1875-1953)wroteMarkOnly(1924)andMr. Tasker'sGods (1924); both were published by Chatto and Windus.
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928).
8 "Ton serviteur" (your servant); "sauf scandale" (barring a scandal). The British pound went off the gold standard on 21 September 1931, and then the pound fell by 25 percent; the Saorstat pound was set against the British pound.
9 Trinity College Dublin conferred the title of Doctor of Letters on Rudmose-Brown, Edmund Curtis (1881-1943), Professor of Irish History, and Walter Alison Phillips (1864-1950), Lecky Professor of Modern History and Chief Assistant Editor, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edn.
10 There was a hiatus in the publication of transition: numbers 19-20 were pub lished as a single issue in June 1930 and number 21 in March 1932; the latter published SB's story "Sedendo and Quiesciendo" [for Quiescendo] (13-20).
SB quotes from an epigram by Martial (ne Marcus Valerius Martialis, first century AD): "carmina quae legunt cacantes" (poems which people read at stool) (Martial. Epigrams, II, tr. Walter C. A. Ker (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: London: Heinemann. 1968] XII. 61: line 10, 362-363). It is cited by SB from The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621) by Robert Burton (1577-1640) (see Pilling, ed. . Beckett's Dream Notebook, 104).
11 "Morveux"(snotty-nosed). "Pourvuquecelanet'empechepasdere[e]crire. "Uust so long as that doesn't stop you writing back. )
95
{27 November 1931}, O'Sullivan
SEUMAS o'sULLIVAN, DUBLIN MAGAZINE DUBLIN
[27 November 1931]
Dear Seumas Darfich . . . ? 1
SBB
ENUEG2
39T. C. D. [Dublin]
Exeo in a spasm,
tired ofmy darling's red sputum,
from the Portobello Private Nursing Home,
its secret things, andtoiltothecrestofthesurgeofthesteepperilousbridge, and lapse down blankly under the scream of the hoarding, the stiff bright banner ofthe hoarding,
into a black west
throttled with clouds.
Above the mansions, the algum-trees, the mountains,
my head sullenly,
clot of anger,
skewered aloft, strangled in the cangue of the wind, bites like a dog against its chastisement.
I trundle along rapidly now on my ruined feet, flush with the livid canal;
at Parnell Bridge a dying barge
carrying a cargo of nails and timber
96
rocks itself softly in the foaming cloister of the lock;
on the far bank a gang of down-and-outs would seem to be
mending a beam.
Then for miles only wind
and the weals creeping alongside on the water
and the world opening up to the south
across a lamentable parody of champaign land to the
mountains
and the stillborn evening turning a filthy green manuring the night-fungus
and the mind annulled
wrecked in wind.
I splashed past a little wearish old man,
Democritus,
scuttling along between a crutch and a stick,
his stump caught up, horribly, like a claw, under his breech, smoking.
Then because a field on the left suddenly went up in a blaze ofshouting and urgent whistling and scarlet and blue ganzies I stopped and climbed a bank to see the game.
A child fidgeting at the gate called up:
"Would we be let in, Mister? "
"Certainly" I said "you would. "
But, afraid, he set off down the road.
"Well" I called after him "why wouldn't you go on in? " "Oh" he said, knowingly,
"I was in that ground before and I got put out. "
Then on,
derelict,
as from a bush of gorse on fire in the mountain after dark,
{27 November 1931}, O'Sullivan
97
{27 November 1931}, O'Sullivan
or, in my dream of Sumatra, the jungle hymen, the still, flagrant rafflesia.
Next:
a pitiful family of grey verminous hens
perished out in the sunk field,
trembling, half asleep, against the closed door of a shed, with no visible means of roosting.
The great mushy toadstool,
green black,
oozing up after me,
soaking up the tattered sky like an ink of pestilence, in my skull the wind going fetid,
the water . . . .
Next:
on the hill down from the Fox and Geese into Chapelizod, a small malevolent goat, exiled on the road,
remotely pucking the gate of his field.
The Isolde Stores a great perturbation of sweaty heroes, endimanches,
come hurrying down in time for a pint of nepenthe or half-
and-half
from watching the hurlers in Kilmainham.
Blotches of drowned yellow in the pit of the Liffey; the finger of the ladders hooked over the parapet, solliciting;
a slush of vigilant gulls in the grey spew of the sewer.
Ah! the banner,
the banner of meat bleeding
98
20 December 1931, McGreevy
on the silk of the seas and the arctic flowers! (they do not exist) . . . .
AC! ; 1 leaf, 1 side; TMS, 2 leaves, 2 sides; env to SeumasO'SullivanEsq. ,Editor, Dublin Magazine, 2 Crow Street ! Dublin]; pm 27-11-31, Dublin; TCD, MS 4630-49/3332/1-4. Dating: from pm and SB to McGreevy, 20 December 1931: "Herewith a pome that S. O'S. wouldn't have on account of the red sputum! "
1 "Darf ich . . . ? " (May I . . . ? )
2 "Enueg" was rejected by Dublin Magazine; it was published in Echo's Bones (1935) as
"Enueg 1," and the second "Alba" poem was retitled "Enueg 2. ""Enueg" (Provern;:al, complaint).
THOMAS M c G REEVY PAR! S
20/12/31
COOLDRlNAGH, FOXROCK,
CO. DUBLIN-
Dear Tom
Forgive me for not having replied to you before this_ All kinds of
imaginary melancholy circumstances to excuse me. I have had to
reintegrate my father's roof for a few days but am off, malgre tout
et malgre tous, immediately after Noel, via Ostend, somewhere
into Germany, as far as Cologne anyway, next Saturday night
from North Wall, not to return I hope (& entre nous) for many
1
them down, tant pis. Some charming little cunt of a gold medal
list will be nominated deputy for a term until they can get some
really responsible person, & wont that be a happy surprise for the
2
months,thoughIhavenotresignedfromTrinity. IfIhavetolet
(And by the way all the usual voeux et que tous les tiens soient exauces-)3 Ofcourse I'll probably crawl back with my tail coiled round my ruined poenis. And maybe I wont. Is there no
99
New Year.
20 December 1931, McGreevy
chance of seeing you at all. I dont know whether you are still in
Paris. It would be grand to spend Xmas with you, but I dont want
France - above all not the comic Marseilles - & I know you don't
want Germania, unless maybe Weimar! It's madness really to go
4
I've been several times to look at the new Perugino Pieta in
the National Gallery here. It's buried behind a formidable bar
rage of shining glass, so that one is obliged to take cognisance of
it progressively, square inch by square inch. It's all messed up by
restorers, but the Xist and the women are lovely. A clean shaven,
potent Xist, and a passion of tears for the waste. The most
mystical constituent is the ointment pot that was probably
added by Raffael[l]o. Rottenly hung in rotten light behind this
thick shop window, so that a total view of it is impossible, and
full of grotesque amendments. But a lovely cheery Xist full of
sperm, & the woman touching his thighs and mourning his
5
bad as Keating.
How is the novel going'? 7 I started yet again & soon saw no
8
Herewith a pome that S. O'S. wouldn't have on account of the red sputum! I haven't tried to place it elsewhere, & thought I'd send it to you a tout hasard. 10
No news from Pelorson since I applied for a slight service. Again so much piss.
100
away now with the exchange u. s. w. but it really is now or never. And as usual I'm not burning any boats! I'm hoping to be able to spit fire at them from a distance.
jewels. I thought Orpen's Ptarmigan & Wash House nearly as
6
reasontocontinue. IhavejustrereadtheRougeetNair. Suchan obsession with heights & ladders & gothic pillars & terraces and grottos in the Juras & the dungeon up in the air at the end. And the same thing again all through the Chartreuse. Nimrod of novelists[. ]9
Webb & Chapelizod c/o Pinker. I've no idea where he is.
Do write home (here) & they'll send it on wherever I am.
Love ever Sam
ALS; 1 leaf, 4 sides; letterhead; enclosure not extant; TCD, MS 10402/23.
20 December 1931, McGreevy
Writing to the Penman for Xmas about statues, Professor
11
1 SB had not resigned his post at Trinity College Dublin, but, in anticipation of leaving for Germany on 26 December, he removed his belongings from 39 Trinity College to the family home in Foxrock. "Reintegrate" (Gallicism for"return to").
"Entre nous" (between ourselves). The repercussions anticipated,"malgre tout et malgre tous" (in spite of everything and everyone), were complicated by SB's automo bile accident injuring Ethna Maccarthy before Christmas. For a full discussion of SB's circumstances of departure: Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 141-142.
2 SB's resignation letter or telegram has not been found, but the information record of the Board Minutes for 20 January 1932, kept by Registrar W. A. Goligher, indicates that: "B. has just sent in his resignation"; A. J. Leventhal was appointed Lecturer in French on 20 January 1932 Uane Maxwell, Manuscripts Department, TCD, 19 August 2004; Jean O'Hara, Alumni Office TCD, 6 August 2004).
3 "VoeuxetquetousJestienssoientexauces"(wishesandmayallyoursbegranted).
4 McGreevyisinParis.
For the year ending 31 December 1931. the rate of exchange between the German mark and the British pound had dropped from 20 to 14 (M. Epstein, ed. , The Annual Register: A Review ofPublic Events at Home and Abroadfor the Year 1931 [London: Longmans, Green and Co. , 1932] 66; for further information see 8 November 1931, n. 8).
"U. s. w. " is the abbreviation of"und so weiter" (and so on).
5 Perugino's Pietil (NG! 942) was purchased on 12 June 1931 by Thomas Bodkin (1887-1961), Director of the National Gallery of Ireland (1927-1935). The Umbrian artist and architect Perugino (ne Pietro di Cristoforo Yannucci Perugino, c. 1450-1523) taught Raphael (ne Raffaello Sanzio or Santi or Sanzi, 1483-1520), who may have added the ointment pot below the feet of Christ; a similar painting by Perugino in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence lacks the ointment pot (Ernst T. Dewald, Italian Painting 1200-1600 [New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1961] 397-399).
6 Sir William Orpen (1878-1931), Irish-born painter who lived in London, was official painter of the 1919 Paris Peace Conference and was elected to the Royal Academy in 1921; SB refers to Orpen's self-portrait The Dead Ptarmigan (NG! 945) which had been bequeathed to the National Gallery oflreland in 1930, and The Wash House (NG! 946). Orpen had been a teacher of Cissie Sinclair at the Dublin Metropolitan School of Art (see Knowlson, Damned to Fame, 140).
Sean Keating (also Sean Ceitinn, 1889-1977), Irish artist, a student of Orpen who painted in the Aran Islands for four years, was a traditionalist known for fine draughts manship; he was elected to the Royal Hibernian Academy (Dublin) in 1923, but resigned in 1962 as a protest against contemporary art.
101
20 December 1931, McGreevy
7 McGreevy'sunpublishednovelwasprovisionallyentitled"NeitherWillI"(TCD, MS 8039/55).
8 SBiswritingstorieswhichbecomeportionsofDreamofFairtoMiddlingWomen and More Pricks Than Kicks.
9 SBreferstoLeRougeetlenoir{1830;TheRedandtheBlack)andLaChartreusedeParme {1839; The Charterhouse ofParma) by Stendhal {ne Marie-Henri Beyle, 1783-1842).
10 SB encloses "Enueg" ( later entitled "Enueg 1") which opens with "Exeo in a spasm / tired of my darling's red sputum. "
"A tout hasard" {on the off-chance that it will interest you).
11 SB's letter sent to James Joyce care ofJoyce's agent, Ralph Pinker, has not been found; Joyce may have been in Paris, at 2 Avenue S. Philibert, Passy, at this time (Rose, The Textual Diaries of]amesJoyce, 190).
Thomas Ebenezer Webb {1821-1903), Professor of Moral Philosophy and later Regius Professor of Laws, and Public Orator ofTrinity College Dublin. Webb translated Goethe's Faust (1880), and his last work promoted Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1623) as author of Shakespeare's works.
The village of Chapelizod is situated on the northern bank of the River Liffey, between Island Bridge and Palmerston; by legend it is associated with Isould (Isolde), daughter of Anguisshe, King of Ireland. In Finnegans Wake, Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, husband of Anna Livia Plurabelle, owns a tavern in Chapelizod.
1932 January 20January
2 February By 8 February
16 February 20 February March
April 7May
After 7 May
June
By 28June
29June SJuly
CHRONOLOGY 1932
SBisinKassel. SendstwopoemstoSamuelPutnam for The New Review.
Resigns fromTrinity College Dublin as recorded in Minutes of the Board ofTCD.
In Paris. AttendsJoyce's fiftieth birthday party.
Proposes an essay on Gide for the Chatto and Windus Dolphin Books series, whichPrentice declines.
Eamon De Valera becomesPrimeMinister oflreland.
SB lunches with Prentice and McGreevy inParis.
SB's story " Sedendo et Quiescendo" and the manifesto "Poetry is Vertical," to which SB's name is appended, are published in transition.
The New Review publishes the poem "Text. "
Assassination ofPaul Doumer results in scrutiny of travel papers of all foreigners in France; lacking valid papers, SB stays with the artistJeanLur�at, until his carte de sejour is in order.
EdwardTitus purchases SB's translation of Arthur Rimbaud's poem "Le Bateau ivre. "
SB writes poem "Home Olga. "
Sends additional poems and/or portion of the MS of his novel Dream ofFair to Middling Women to Samuel Putnam.
