was
accustomed
to observe the star Canopus.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
(Hes.
Theog.
244 ; Apollod.
i.
2.
$ 7.
) There by the Vandal king to Carthage.
After being
are two more mythical personages of this name. detained in captivity some years, she was sent
(Hes. Theng. 360 ; Hygin. Fub. 192. ) [L. S. ] with her daughter Placidia and an honourable
EUDOʻŘUS (EŬdwpos), a son of Hermes and attendance to Constantinople. (See Eudocia, No.
Polymele, was brought up by his grandfather Phy- 1, and the authorities subjoined there. ]
las. He was one of the five leaders of the Myrmi- The coins of the empresses Eudocia and Eudoxia
dones under Achilles, who sent him out to accom- are, from the two names being put one for the
pany Patroclus, and to prevent the latter from other, difficult to be assigned to their respective
venturing too far; but Eudorus was slain by persons. (See Eckhel, Doctrina Num. Veterum,
Pyraechmus. (Hom. I. xvi. 179, &c. ; Eustath. vol. viii. p. 170. )
(J. C. M. ]
ad Hom. p. 1697. )
(L. S. ] EUDO'XIUS, commonly cited with the addi-
EUDOʻRUS (Ed. wpos) is mentioned by Alex- tion Heros, was a Graeco-Roman jurist, who
Ander Aphrodisiensis (ad Arist. Metaph. p. 26, flourished shortly before Justinian. Panciroli (de
ed. Paris. 1536, fol. ) as a commentator on Aris- Claris Interpp. Juris, p. 63) places him too early
totle's Metaphysics, in which he is said to have in supposing that he was the Pr. Pr. to whom were
altered several passages. Simplicius likewise speaks addressed the constitution of Theodosius and Va-
of a Peripatetic philosopher of this name, and lentinian of A. D. 427 (Cod. 1. tit. 8. s. 1), and the
relates that he had written on the Aristotelian constitution of Arcadius and Honorius. (Cod. 2.
Categories. We do not know, however, if this be tit. 77. s. 2. ) He is mentioned in Const. Tanta,
the same person. Eudorus, whom Alexander $ 9, as the grandfather of Anatolius, professor of
Aphrodisiensis mentions, was a native of Alexan- law at Berytus, who was one of the compilers of
dria, and had, like Ariston of Alexandria, written the Digest. The appellation Heros is not a proper
a work on the Nile. (Strab. xvii. p. 790; comp. name, but a title of excellency, and is placed some-
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 845, vol. üipp. 172, times before, and sometimes after, the name. Thus.
492).
[A. S. ) in Basil. vi. p. 227, we have ó "Hpws Ejdošíos,
EUDOʻRUS, a scene-painter and statuary in and, in Busil. iii. p. 60, Eudóžios Ó'"Hows. We
bronze, of second-rate merit. (Plin. xxxv. 11. find the same title applied to Patricius, Amblichus
8. 40. & 34. )
[P. S. ]
(qu. lamblichus, Basil. iii. p. 256), and Cyrillus
EUDOʻXIA (Eubotla), the name of several | (Basil
. iv. p. 702). Heimbach (Anecdota, i. p.
princesses chiefly of the Eastern or Byzantine em- 202) is inclined to think that, like the expression
pire.
ó parapítos, it was used by the Graeco-Roman
1. The daughter of the Frank Bauto, married jurists of and after the age of Justinian as a desig-
to the emperor Arcadius, A. D. 395, by whom she nation of honour in speaking of their predecessors
had four daughters, Flacilla or Flaccilla or Fals who had died within their memory.
cilla, Pulcheria, Arcadia, and Marina, and one Eudoxius was probably acquainted with the
son, Theodosius II. or the younger. She was a original writings of the classical jurists, for from
woman of high spirit, and exercised great influence Basil. ii. p. 454 (ed. Heimbach) it appears that
over her husband : to her persuasion his giving up he quoted Ulpian's treatise De Officio Proconsulis
.
of the eunuch Eutropius into the power of his From the citations of Eudoxius in the Basilica, he
enemies may be ascribed. She was involved in a appears to have written upon the constitutions of
fierce contest with Chrysostom, who fearlessly in- emperors earlier than Justinian, and thence Reiz
veighed against the avarice and luxury of the (ad Theophilum, pp. 1234—1246) infers that he
court, and scrupled not to attack the empress commented upon the Gregorian, Hermogenian, and
herself
. The particulars of the struggle are given Theodosian codes, from which those constitutions
elsewhere. (CHRYSOSTOM U'S, JOANNES. )
She were transferred into the Code of Justinian. It is
died of a miscarriage in the sixth consulship of probably to the commentaries of Eudoxius, Leon-
Honorius, A. D. 404, or, according to Theophanes, tius, and Patricius on the three earlier codes that
A. D. 406. The date of her death is carefully dis- Justinian (Const. Tanta, $ 9) alludes, when he
cussed by Tillemont. (Histoire des Empereurs, says of them “optimam sui memoriam in Legibus
vol. v. p. 785. ) Cedrenus narrates some curious reliquerunt," for the imperatorial constitutions were
particulars of her death, but their credibility is very often called Leges, as distinguished from the Jus
doubtful. (Philostorgius, Hist. Eccles. apud Pho- of the jurists.
tium ; Marcellinus, Chronicon; Socrates, Hist. In Basil. ii. p. 644, Thalelaeus, who survived
VOL. II.
## p. 82 (#98) ##############################################
82
EUDOXUS.
EUDOXUS.
a
Justinian, classes Eudoxius among the older mean time taught philosophy in Cyzicum and the
teachers, and cites his exposition of a constitution Propontis : he chose Athens, Laërtius says, for the
of Severus and Antoninus of A. D. 199, which purpose of vexing Plato, at one of whose symposia
appears in Cod. 2. tit. 12. 6. 4. Again, in Basil. he introduced the fashion of the guests reclining in
i. pp. 810, 811, is cited his exposition of a consti- a semicircle ; and Nicomachus (he adds), the son
tution of Diocletian and Maximinian, of A. D. 193, of Aristotle, reports him to have said that pleasure
which appears in Cod. 2. tit. 4. s. 18, with the was a good. So much for Laërtius, who also refers
interpolated words exceplo adulterio. In both these to some decree which was made in honour of Eu-
passages, the opinion of Heros Patricius is pre- doxus, names his son and daughters, states him to
ferred to that of Eudoxius, In like manner, it have written good works on astronomy and geo-
appears from the scholiast in the fifth volume of metry, and mentions the curious way in which the
Meerman's Thesaurus (JCtorum Graecorum Com- bull Apis told his fortune when he was in Egypt.
mentarii, p. 56; Basil. , ed. Heimbach, i. p. 403) Eudoxus died at the age of fifty-three. Phanocritus
that Domninus, Demosthenes, and Eudoxius, dif- wrote a work upon Eudoxus (Athen. vii. p. 276, f. ),
fered from Patricius in their construction of a cone which is lost
stitution of the emperor Alexander, of A. D. 224, The fragmentary notices of Eudoxus are numerous.
and that that constitution was altered by the com- Strabo mentions him frequently, and states (ii. p.
pilers of Justinian's code in conformity with the 119, xvii. p. 806) that the observatory of Eudoxus
opinion of Patricius. Eudoxius is cited by Patri- at Cnidus was existing in his time, from which he
cius ( Basil. iii. p. 61) on a constitution of A. D.
was accustomed to observe the star Canopus.
293 (Cod. 4. tit. 19. 8. 9), and is cited by Theo- Strabo also says that he remained thirteen years
dorus (Basil, vi. p. 227) on a constitution of A. D. in Egypt, and attributes to him the introduction of
290. (Cod. 8. tit. 55. s. 3. ) In the latter passage the odd quarter of a day into the value of the year.
Theodorus, who was a contemporary of Justinian, Pliny (H. N. ii. 47) seems to refer to the same
calls Eudoxius his teacher. Whether this expres- thing. Seneca (Qu. Nat. vii. 3) states him to have
sion is to be taken literally may be doubted, as first brought the motions of the planets (a theory
Theodorus also calls Domninus, Patricius, and on this subject) from Egypt into Greece. Aristotle
Stephanus (Basil. ii. p. 580) his teachers. (Zacha- (Metaph. xii. 8) states him to have made separate
riae, Anecdota, p. xlviii. ; Zimmern, R. R. G. i spheres for the stars, sun, moon, and planets.
ا 106, 109. )
Archimedes (in Arenar. ) says he made the dia-
The untrustworthy Nic. Comnenus Papadopoli meter of the sun nine times as great as that of the
(Praenot. Mystag. pp. 345, 402) mentions a Eu- moon. Vitruvius (ix. 9) attributes to him the in-
doxius, Nomicus, Judex veli, and cites his Synop vention of a solar dial, called åpáxin: and so on.
sis Legum, and his scholia on the Novells of But all we positively know of Eudoxus is from
Alexius Comnenus.
(J. T. G. ] the poem of Aratus and the commentary of Hip-
EUDOʻXIUS, a physician, called by Prosper parchus upon it. From this commentary we learn
Aquitanus a man "pravi sed exercitati ingenii," that Aratus was not himself an observer, but was
who in the time of the emperor Theodosius the the versifier of the Þavóuera of Eudoxus, of which
Younger, A. D. 432, deserted to the Huns. (Chro Hipparchus has preserved fragments for comparison
nicom Pithoean. in Labbe, Nova Biblioth. MSS. with the version by Aratus. The result is, that
Libror. vol. i. p. 59. )
[W. A. G. ) though there were by no means so many nor so
EUDOXUS (EŬdo&os) of Cnidus, the son of great errors in Eudorus as in Aratus, yet the opi-
Aeschines, lived about B. C. 366. He was, accord- nion which must be formed of the work of the
ing to Diogenes Laërtius, astronomer, geometer, former is, that it was written in the rudest state of
physician, and legislator. It is only in the first the science by an observer who was not very com-
capacity that his fame has descended to our day, petent even to the task of looking at the risings
and he has more of it than can be justified by any and settings of the stars. Delambre (Hist. Astr.
account of his astronomical science now in exist- Anc. vol. i. p. 107) has given a full account of the
ence. As the probable introducer of the sphere comparison made by Hipparchus of Aratus with
into Greece, and perhaps the corrector, upon Egyp- Eudoxus, and of both with his own observations.
tian information, of the length of the year, he He cannot bring himself to think that Eudoxus
enjoyed a wide and popular reputation, so that knew anything of geometry, though it is on record
Laërtius, who does not even mention Hipparchus, that he wrote geometrical works, in spite of the
bas given the life of Eudoxus in his usual manner, praises of Proclus, Cicero, Ptolemy, Sextus Empi-
that is, with the omission of all an astronomer ricus (who places him with Hipparchus), &c. , &c.
would wish to know. According to this writer, Eudoxus, as cited by Hipparchus, neither talks
Eudoxus went to Athens at the age of twenty-three like a geometer, nor like a person who had seen
(he had been the pupil of Archytas in geometry), the heavens he describes : a bad globe, constructed
and heard Plato for some months, struggling at the some centuries before his time in Egypt, might, for
same time with poverty. Being dismissed by anything that appears, have been his sole authority.
Plato, but for what reason is not stated, his friends But supposing, which is likely enough, that he
raised some money, and he sailed for Egypt, with was the first who brought any globe at all into
letters of recommendation to Nectanabis, who in Greece, it is not much to be wondered at that his
his turn recommended him to the priests. With reputation should have been magnified. As to
them he remained sixteen months, with his chin what Proclus says of his geometry, see EUCLEIDES.
and eyebrows shaved, and there, according to Rejecting the 'Oktaetipis mentioned by Laërtius,
Laërtius, he wrote the Octaëteris. Several ancient which was not a writing, but a period of time, and
writers attribute to him the invention or introduc- also the fifth book of Euclid, which one manuscript
tion of an improvement upon the Octaëterides of Euclid attributes to Eudoxus (Fabric. Bibl.
of his predecessors. After a time, he came back Graec. vol. iv. p. 12), we have the following works,
to Athens with a band of pupils, having in the all lost, which he is said to have written :
## p. 83 (#99) ##############################################
EVELTIION.
03
EVEMERUS.
recuerpoĽueva, mentioned by Proclus and Laër- EVE'MERUS or EUHEMERUS (Euñuepos),
tius, which is not, however, to be taken as the title a Sicilian author of the time of Alexander the
of a work : 'Opraviti, mentioned by Plutarch : Great and his immediate successors. Most writers
'Aotpovoula di drwv, by Suidas : two books, call him a native of Messene in Sicily (Plut. de
Evont pov or Kátott pov, and pawbueva, mentioned | Is. et Os. 23; Lactant de Fals. Relig. i. 11; Etym.
by Hipparchus, and the first by an anonymous M. s. v. Bpotós), while Amobius (iv. 15) calls him
biographer of Aratus : Nepl Oewv kal Kooyou kai an Agrigentine, and others mention either Tegca
TWV Metewpoloyovuévwv, mentioned by Eudocia : in Arcadia or the island of Cos as his native place.
rñs Deplodos, a work often mentioned by Strabo, (Athen. xv. p. 658. ) His mind was trained in
and by many others, as to which Harless thinks the philosophical school of the Cyrenaics, who had
Semler's opinion probable, that it was written by before his time become notorious for their scepti-
Eudoxus of Rhodes. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol iv. cism in matters connected with the popular reli-
p. 10, &c. ; Weidler, Hist. Astron. ; Diog. Laërt. gion, and one of whom, Theodorus, is frequently
jii. 86-91; Delambre, Hist. de l'Astron. Anc. vol. i. ; called an atheist by the ancients. The influence
Ilipparchus, Comment. in Arulum ; Böhmer, Dis of this school upon Evemerus seems to have been
sertatio de Eudoxo Cnidio, Helmstad. 1715; Ide very great, for he subsequently became the founder
ler, in the Abhandl. der Berliner Akad. d. Wissen- of a peculiar method of interpreting the legends
schaft for the year 1828, p. 189, &c. , and for the and mythi of the popular religion, which has often
year 1830, p. 49, &c. ; Letronne, Journal. d. Sav. and not unjustly been compared with the ration-
1840, p. 741, &c. )
(A. DE M. ) alism of some modern theologians in Gerinany.
EUDOXUS (Eớbofos ), a Greek physician, born | About B. C. 316 we find Evemerus at the court of
at Cnidos in Caria, who lived probably in the fifth Cassander in Macedonia, with whom he was con.
or fourth century B. C. , as he was mentioned by nected by friendship, and who, according to Euse-
the celebrated astronomer of the same name. (Diog. bius (Praep. Evang. ii. 2, p. 59), sent him out on an
Laërt. viii. 90. ) He is said to have been a grea: exploring expedition. Evemerus is said to have
advocate for the nse of gymnastics. (W. A. G. ) sailed down the Red Sea and round the southern
EUDOXUS (E8ocos). 1. An Athenian comic coasts of Asia to a very great distance, until he
poet of the new comedy, was by birth a Sicilian came to an island called Panchaea. After his re-
and the son of Agathocles. He gained eight vic- turn from this voyage he wrote a work entitled
tories, three at the city Dionysia, and five at the 'lepa 'Avaypaon, which consisted of at least nine
Lenaea. His Naúkampos and T7o6oA paios are books. The title of this “Sacred History,” as we
quoted. (Apollod. ap. Diog. Laërt. viii. 90; Poll. may term it, was taken from the dvaypadal, or the
vii. 201; Zenob. Adag. i. 1; Meineke, Frag. Com. inscriptions on columns and walls, which existed
Graec. vol. i. p. 492, vol. iv. p. 508. )
in great numbers in the temples of Greece, and
2. Of Rhodes, an historical writer, whose time Evemerus chose it because he pretended to have
is not known. (Diog.
are two more mythical personages of this name. detained in captivity some years, she was sent
(Hes. Theng. 360 ; Hygin. Fub. 192. ) [L. S. ] with her daughter Placidia and an honourable
EUDOʻŘUS (EŬdwpos), a son of Hermes and attendance to Constantinople. (See Eudocia, No.
Polymele, was brought up by his grandfather Phy- 1, and the authorities subjoined there. ]
las. He was one of the five leaders of the Myrmi- The coins of the empresses Eudocia and Eudoxia
dones under Achilles, who sent him out to accom- are, from the two names being put one for the
pany Patroclus, and to prevent the latter from other, difficult to be assigned to their respective
venturing too far; but Eudorus was slain by persons. (See Eckhel, Doctrina Num. Veterum,
Pyraechmus. (Hom. I. xvi. 179, &c. ; Eustath. vol. viii. p. 170. )
(J. C. M. ]
ad Hom. p. 1697. )
(L. S. ] EUDO'XIUS, commonly cited with the addi-
EUDOʻRUS (Ed. wpos) is mentioned by Alex- tion Heros, was a Graeco-Roman jurist, who
Ander Aphrodisiensis (ad Arist. Metaph. p. 26, flourished shortly before Justinian. Panciroli (de
ed. Paris. 1536, fol. ) as a commentator on Aris- Claris Interpp. Juris, p. 63) places him too early
totle's Metaphysics, in which he is said to have in supposing that he was the Pr. Pr. to whom were
altered several passages. Simplicius likewise speaks addressed the constitution of Theodosius and Va-
of a Peripatetic philosopher of this name, and lentinian of A. D. 427 (Cod. 1. tit. 8. s. 1), and the
relates that he had written on the Aristotelian constitution of Arcadius and Honorius. (Cod. 2.
Categories. We do not know, however, if this be tit. 77. s. 2. ) He is mentioned in Const. Tanta,
the same person. Eudorus, whom Alexander $ 9, as the grandfather of Anatolius, professor of
Aphrodisiensis mentions, was a native of Alexan- law at Berytus, who was one of the compilers of
dria, and had, like Ariston of Alexandria, written the Digest. The appellation Heros is not a proper
a work on the Nile. (Strab. xvii. p. 790; comp. name, but a title of excellency, and is placed some-
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 845, vol. üipp. 172, times before, and sometimes after, the name. Thus.
492).
[A. S. ) in Basil. vi. p. 227, we have ó "Hpws Ejdošíos,
EUDOʻRUS, a scene-painter and statuary in and, in Busil. iii. p. 60, Eudóžios Ó'"Hows. We
bronze, of second-rate merit. (Plin. xxxv. 11. find the same title applied to Patricius, Amblichus
8. 40. & 34. )
[P. S. ]
(qu. lamblichus, Basil. iii. p. 256), and Cyrillus
EUDOʻXIA (Eubotla), the name of several | (Basil
. iv. p. 702). Heimbach (Anecdota, i. p.
princesses chiefly of the Eastern or Byzantine em- 202) is inclined to think that, like the expression
pire.
ó parapítos, it was used by the Graeco-Roman
1. The daughter of the Frank Bauto, married jurists of and after the age of Justinian as a desig-
to the emperor Arcadius, A. D. 395, by whom she nation of honour in speaking of their predecessors
had four daughters, Flacilla or Flaccilla or Fals who had died within their memory.
cilla, Pulcheria, Arcadia, and Marina, and one Eudoxius was probably acquainted with the
son, Theodosius II. or the younger. She was a original writings of the classical jurists, for from
woman of high spirit, and exercised great influence Basil. ii. p. 454 (ed. Heimbach) it appears that
over her husband : to her persuasion his giving up he quoted Ulpian's treatise De Officio Proconsulis
.
of the eunuch Eutropius into the power of his From the citations of Eudoxius in the Basilica, he
enemies may be ascribed. She was involved in a appears to have written upon the constitutions of
fierce contest with Chrysostom, who fearlessly in- emperors earlier than Justinian, and thence Reiz
veighed against the avarice and luxury of the (ad Theophilum, pp. 1234—1246) infers that he
court, and scrupled not to attack the empress commented upon the Gregorian, Hermogenian, and
herself
. The particulars of the struggle are given Theodosian codes, from which those constitutions
elsewhere. (CHRYSOSTOM U'S, JOANNES. )
She were transferred into the Code of Justinian. It is
died of a miscarriage in the sixth consulship of probably to the commentaries of Eudoxius, Leon-
Honorius, A. D. 404, or, according to Theophanes, tius, and Patricius on the three earlier codes that
A. D. 406. The date of her death is carefully dis- Justinian (Const. Tanta, $ 9) alludes, when he
cussed by Tillemont. (Histoire des Empereurs, says of them “optimam sui memoriam in Legibus
vol. v. p. 785. ) Cedrenus narrates some curious reliquerunt," for the imperatorial constitutions were
particulars of her death, but their credibility is very often called Leges, as distinguished from the Jus
doubtful. (Philostorgius, Hist. Eccles. apud Pho- of the jurists.
tium ; Marcellinus, Chronicon; Socrates, Hist. In Basil. ii. p. 644, Thalelaeus, who survived
VOL. II.
## p. 82 (#98) ##############################################
82
EUDOXUS.
EUDOXUS.
a
Justinian, classes Eudoxius among the older mean time taught philosophy in Cyzicum and the
teachers, and cites his exposition of a constitution Propontis : he chose Athens, Laërtius says, for the
of Severus and Antoninus of A. D. 199, which purpose of vexing Plato, at one of whose symposia
appears in Cod. 2. tit. 12. 6. 4. Again, in Basil. he introduced the fashion of the guests reclining in
i. pp. 810, 811, is cited his exposition of a consti- a semicircle ; and Nicomachus (he adds), the son
tution of Diocletian and Maximinian, of A. D. 193, of Aristotle, reports him to have said that pleasure
which appears in Cod. 2. tit. 4. s. 18, with the was a good. So much for Laërtius, who also refers
interpolated words exceplo adulterio. In both these to some decree which was made in honour of Eu-
passages, the opinion of Heros Patricius is pre- doxus, names his son and daughters, states him to
ferred to that of Eudoxius, In like manner, it have written good works on astronomy and geo-
appears from the scholiast in the fifth volume of metry, and mentions the curious way in which the
Meerman's Thesaurus (JCtorum Graecorum Com- bull Apis told his fortune when he was in Egypt.
mentarii, p. 56; Basil. , ed. Heimbach, i. p. 403) Eudoxus died at the age of fifty-three. Phanocritus
that Domninus, Demosthenes, and Eudoxius, dif- wrote a work upon Eudoxus (Athen. vii. p. 276, f. ),
fered from Patricius in their construction of a cone which is lost
stitution of the emperor Alexander, of A. D. 224, The fragmentary notices of Eudoxus are numerous.
and that that constitution was altered by the com- Strabo mentions him frequently, and states (ii. p.
pilers of Justinian's code in conformity with the 119, xvii. p. 806) that the observatory of Eudoxus
opinion of Patricius. Eudoxius is cited by Patri- at Cnidus was existing in his time, from which he
cius ( Basil. iii. p. 61) on a constitution of A. D.
was accustomed to observe the star Canopus.
293 (Cod. 4. tit. 19. 8. 9), and is cited by Theo- Strabo also says that he remained thirteen years
dorus (Basil, vi. p. 227) on a constitution of A. D. in Egypt, and attributes to him the introduction of
290. (Cod. 8. tit. 55. s. 3. ) In the latter passage the odd quarter of a day into the value of the year.
Theodorus, who was a contemporary of Justinian, Pliny (H. N. ii. 47) seems to refer to the same
calls Eudoxius his teacher. Whether this expres- thing. Seneca (Qu. Nat. vii. 3) states him to have
sion is to be taken literally may be doubted, as first brought the motions of the planets (a theory
Theodorus also calls Domninus, Patricius, and on this subject) from Egypt into Greece. Aristotle
Stephanus (Basil. ii. p. 580) his teachers. (Zacha- (Metaph. xii. 8) states him to have made separate
riae, Anecdota, p. xlviii. ; Zimmern, R. R. G. i spheres for the stars, sun, moon, and planets.
ا 106, 109. )
Archimedes (in Arenar. ) says he made the dia-
The untrustworthy Nic. Comnenus Papadopoli meter of the sun nine times as great as that of the
(Praenot. Mystag. pp. 345, 402) mentions a Eu- moon. Vitruvius (ix. 9) attributes to him the in-
doxius, Nomicus, Judex veli, and cites his Synop vention of a solar dial, called åpáxin: and so on.
sis Legum, and his scholia on the Novells of But all we positively know of Eudoxus is from
Alexius Comnenus.
(J. T. G. ] the poem of Aratus and the commentary of Hip-
EUDOʻXIUS, a physician, called by Prosper parchus upon it. From this commentary we learn
Aquitanus a man "pravi sed exercitati ingenii," that Aratus was not himself an observer, but was
who in the time of the emperor Theodosius the the versifier of the Þavóuera of Eudoxus, of which
Younger, A. D. 432, deserted to the Huns. (Chro Hipparchus has preserved fragments for comparison
nicom Pithoean. in Labbe, Nova Biblioth. MSS. with the version by Aratus. The result is, that
Libror. vol. i. p. 59. )
[W. A. G. ) though there were by no means so many nor so
EUDOXUS (EŬdo&os) of Cnidus, the son of great errors in Eudorus as in Aratus, yet the opi-
Aeschines, lived about B. C. 366. He was, accord- nion which must be formed of the work of the
ing to Diogenes Laërtius, astronomer, geometer, former is, that it was written in the rudest state of
physician, and legislator. It is only in the first the science by an observer who was not very com-
capacity that his fame has descended to our day, petent even to the task of looking at the risings
and he has more of it than can be justified by any and settings of the stars. Delambre (Hist. Astr.
account of his astronomical science now in exist- Anc. vol. i. p. 107) has given a full account of the
ence. As the probable introducer of the sphere comparison made by Hipparchus of Aratus with
into Greece, and perhaps the corrector, upon Egyp- Eudoxus, and of both with his own observations.
tian information, of the length of the year, he He cannot bring himself to think that Eudoxus
enjoyed a wide and popular reputation, so that knew anything of geometry, though it is on record
Laërtius, who does not even mention Hipparchus, that he wrote geometrical works, in spite of the
bas given the life of Eudoxus in his usual manner, praises of Proclus, Cicero, Ptolemy, Sextus Empi-
that is, with the omission of all an astronomer ricus (who places him with Hipparchus), &c. , &c.
would wish to know. According to this writer, Eudoxus, as cited by Hipparchus, neither talks
Eudoxus went to Athens at the age of twenty-three like a geometer, nor like a person who had seen
(he had been the pupil of Archytas in geometry), the heavens he describes : a bad globe, constructed
and heard Plato for some months, struggling at the some centuries before his time in Egypt, might, for
same time with poverty. Being dismissed by anything that appears, have been his sole authority.
Plato, but for what reason is not stated, his friends But supposing, which is likely enough, that he
raised some money, and he sailed for Egypt, with was the first who brought any globe at all into
letters of recommendation to Nectanabis, who in Greece, it is not much to be wondered at that his
his turn recommended him to the priests. With reputation should have been magnified. As to
them he remained sixteen months, with his chin what Proclus says of his geometry, see EUCLEIDES.
and eyebrows shaved, and there, according to Rejecting the 'Oktaetipis mentioned by Laërtius,
Laërtius, he wrote the Octaëteris. Several ancient which was not a writing, but a period of time, and
writers attribute to him the invention or introduc- also the fifth book of Euclid, which one manuscript
tion of an improvement upon the Octaëterides of Euclid attributes to Eudoxus (Fabric. Bibl.
of his predecessors. After a time, he came back Graec. vol. iv. p. 12), we have the following works,
to Athens with a band of pupils, having in the all lost, which he is said to have written :
## p. 83 (#99) ##############################################
EVELTIION.
03
EVEMERUS.
recuerpoĽueva, mentioned by Proclus and Laër- EVE'MERUS or EUHEMERUS (Euñuepos),
tius, which is not, however, to be taken as the title a Sicilian author of the time of Alexander the
of a work : 'Opraviti, mentioned by Plutarch : Great and his immediate successors. Most writers
'Aotpovoula di drwv, by Suidas : two books, call him a native of Messene in Sicily (Plut. de
Evont pov or Kátott pov, and pawbueva, mentioned | Is. et Os. 23; Lactant de Fals. Relig. i. 11; Etym.
by Hipparchus, and the first by an anonymous M. s. v. Bpotós), while Amobius (iv. 15) calls him
biographer of Aratus : Nepl Oewv kal Kooyou kai an Agrigentine, and others mention either Tegca
TWV Metewpoloyovuévwv, mentioned by Eudocia : in Arcadia or the island of Cos as his native place.
rñs Deplodos, a work often mentioned by Strabo, (Athen. xv. p. 658. ) His mind was trained in
and by many others, as to which Harless thinks the philosophical school of the Cyrenaics, who had
Semler's opinion probable, that it was written by before his time become notorious for their scepti-
Eudoxus of Rhodes. (Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol iv. cism in matters connected with the popular reli-
p. 10, &c. ; Weidler, Hist. Astron. ; Diog. Laërt. gion, and one of whom, Theodorus, is frequently
jii. 86-91; Delambre, Hist. de l'Astron. Anc. vol. i. ; called an atheist by the ancients. The influence
Ilipparchus, Comment. in Arulum ; Böhmer, Dis of this school upon Evemerus seems to have been
sertatio de Eudoxo Cnidio, Helmstad. 1715; Ide very great, for he subsequently became the founder
ler, in the Abhandl. der Berliner Akad. d. Wissen- of a peculiar method of interpreting the legends
schaft for the year 1828, p. 189, &c. , and for the and mythi of the popular religion, which has often
year 1830, p. 49, &c. ; Letronne, Journal. d. Sav. and not unjustly been compared with the ration-
1840, p. 741, &c. )
(A. DE M. ) alism of some modern theologians in Gerinany.
EUDOXUS (Eớbofos ), a Greek physician, born | About B. C. 316 we find Evemerus at the court of
at Cnidos in Caria, who lived probably in the fifth Cassander in Macedonia, with whom he was con.
or fourth century B. C. , as he was mentioned by nected by friendship, and who, according to Euse-
the celebrated astronomer of the same name. (Diog. bius (Praep. Evang. ii. 2, p. 59), sent him out on an
Laërt. viii. 90. ) He is said to have been a grea: exploring expedition. Evemerus is said to have
advocate for the nse of gymnastics. (W. A. G. ) sailed down the Red Sea and round the southern
EUDOXUS (E8ocos). 1. An Athenian comic coasts of Asia to a very great distance, until he
poet of the new comedy, was by birth a Sicilian came to an island called Panchaea. After his re-
and the son of Agathocles. He gained eight vic- turn from this voyage he wrote a work entitled
tories, three at the city Dionysia, and five at the 'lepa 'Avaypaon, which consisted of at least nine
Lenaea. His Naúkampos and T7o6oA paios are books. The title of this “Sacred History,” as we
quoted. (Apollod. ap. Diog. Laërt. viii. 90; Poll. may term it, was taken from the dvaypadal, or the
vii. 201; Zenob. Adag. i. 1; Meineke, Frag. Com. inscriptions on columns and walls, which existed
Graec. vol. i. p. 492, vol. iv. p. 508. )
in great numbers in the temples of Greece, and
2. Of Rhodes, an historical writer, whose time Evemerus chose it because he pretended to have
is not known. (Diog.
